DOCSLIB.ORG

Cuban Missile Crisis Joint Crisis Committee Umass MUN 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cuban Missile Crisis Joint Crisis Committee UMass MUN 2012 1 Greetings delegates! Welcome to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Cuban Missile Crisis Committee! My name is Kevin Kirby, and I will be your chair during UMassMUNXI. I am currently a sophomore political science major at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. The task before us is important and daunting. Having gotten word that the Americans have discovered our intent to arm Cuba, a beloved ally in the struggle against the ruthless Americans, with nuclear weapons, General Secretary Khrushchev has tasked us with confronting the situation at hand. The pace of the committee shall be relentless. As leaders of the USSR, you all will be confronted with difficult choices. You will be faced with options that all seem bleak, It is your task to challenge the American hegemony and assert Soviet leadership at a critical time in global affairs. Helping me run this simulation will be Colin Gurney, who will be the crisis manager for this committee as we confront the United States committee in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Together, these two committees shall work together to confront the situation. Delegates, the history I have given you below starts with the founding of the USSR and brings you to the Bay of Pigs operation by the Americans. I’m keenly interested in your understanding of the power dynamics of the USSR and how these dynamics shape policy making within the Kremlin. If, after reading this background guide, you have any questions about the topics to be covered at the conference, the lay out of the committee, or the background guide itself, please feel free to email me ([email protected]). While I will not do your research for you, I will gladly help 2 keep you pointed in the right direction to ensure everyone arrives on the same page at the conference. Everything you do shall receive a response from the Americans. Actions have consequences. As you seek to prepare for your global confrontation, I urge you to think wisely, for one poor decision could lead to the destruction of the USSR as we know it and give way to American fascism. Sincerely, Kevin Kirby Chair UMassMUN USSR Cuban Missile Crisis Committee 3 History of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics October 1917: The government of Alexander Krensky is overthrown by the Bolshevik’s Revolutionaries lead by Vladimir Lenin. March 3, 1918: Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which cedes large chunks of land to the Germans. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan declare their independence from Russia as a result of the treaty. 1918-1920: Civil War in Russia between the Bolshevik’s (the Reds) and the anti-Bolshevik’s (the Whites). War communism takes hold, leaving millions to starve to death due to the army needing the food for its soldiers. December 29, 1922: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Transcaucasus sign the Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union. January 21, 1924: Lenin dies. After internal power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Alexi Rykov, Stalin takes command of the USSR. November 16th, 1933: The United States formally recognizes the USSR. 1936-1938: President Stalin makes public a plot to undermine his regime, lead by Leon Trotsky. Stalin proceeds to purge thousands of dissidents by way or death or long-term imprisonment. August-September, 1939: USSR signs a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany. German invasion of Poland starts World War II. Soviet troops proceed to enter Poland, leading Germany and the USSR to split Poland. 1940: Soviet troops take Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, which are then incorporated into the USSR. April 13th, 1941: USSR signs the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact. 1941-1945: German invasion of USSR leads to Soviet counterassault on the Nazi regime, ending with Soviet forces taking East Berlin. February 4-11, 1945: Yalta Conference. Cold War ‘begins’. August 29th, 1949: USSR successfully explodes its first atomic device. 1949-1950: Soviet recognizes communist Chinese government, signs 20-year alliance treaty with said government. 4 1950-1953: Korean War represents first indirect military confrontation between the Soviet and American governments. March 5th, 1953: Joseph Stalin dies. Georgi Malenkov becomes Prime Minister and Nikita Khrushchev becomes Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. May 14th, 1955: Warsaw Pact signed. October 4th, 1957: Soviets launch Sputnik. March 27th, 1955: Nikita Khrushchev becomes Prime Minister. May 1st, 1960: Soviets shoot down American U2 spy plane over Soviet territory. April 1961: American trained Cuban exiles launch unsuccessful invasion at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. The work of our committee of Soviet Patriots begins with the fallout of the Bay of Pigs debacle. 5 The Aftermath of World War II Germany divided into four zones following Yalta Conference (http://ldfb.tripod.com/index.htm) The U.S. and USSR had worked together as the Allies, primarily with nations Great Britain and France, against the Central Axis powers, mainly Germany. At the time, Franklin D. Roosevelt was president of the U.S. and Joseph Stalin held authoritarian power in the USSR. Following the fall of Germany, the Yalta Conference, held by the USSR, the US, and Great Britain, known as the ‘Big Three’, in February 1945 divided Germany into four distinct zones, controlled by the U.S., the USSR, Great Britain, and France. It was this division of Germany that eventually led to the Berlin Wall during the Cold War.However, the Yalta Conference made clear the tension existing between the USSR and the other Allies powers. This tension was fueled by a fundamental power struggle as well as the ‘ideologies’ at battle here: capitalism and democracy vs. communism. The Yalta Conference also founded the United Nations and determined that the U.S., Great Britain, USSR, and China would be the four permanent members with veto power. The control of Poland was contested and the USSR essentially forced its rule on the region. Although Stalin promised to allow the people of Poland to determine its own fate via elections soon after, this did not happen and the issue at the Conference proved to further illustrate the growing mistrust between the USSR and the U.S. as well as Great Britain1. 6 World War II also saw the defeat of Japan by the US. Years of research finally led to the development of the atomic bomb in a secretly and primarily US-funded endeavor known as the “Manhattan Project”. The US used the atomic bomb to force the Japanese to surrender and agree to its terms of war victory. The atomic bomb unleashed an era of nuclear arms development and the nuclear arms/technology advancement race between the US and the USSR, which was a key component of the Cold War. This will also be discussed in detail further on. The Start of the Cold War Great Britain was one of the ‘Big Three’ and France was also a considerable power in Europe, but the destruction of the war and the weakening of the economy of mainland Europe left the US, which had joined the war only in 1941 following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and the USSR relatively unscathed. The US and USSR, the two nations that emerged as the two world superpowers following World War II, were at war over their respective influences over other nations, one fighting for democracy, the other for communism. The Cold War was essentially a hostile stalemate that represented the power struggle between these two powers, and it threatened the safety of the entire world for more than four decades as each tried to gain favor with other nations that were forming new governments. As mentioned above, the USSR forced its influence over Poland, scaring the US about the USSR’s growing ‘sphere of influence’ and thus its growing power. The Truman Doctrine (1947) pledged support for "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures"; the pledge was targeted at communism and basically gave America a blank check to intervene in other nations’ affairs if it was ‘threatened’ by communism. The doctrine also devoted financial aid to Greece in the attempt to prevent the spread of communism there2. The US did not stop there. The Marshall Plan provided almost $13 billion (from 1948 to 1951) to help European countries, including Germany, Great Britain, and France, recover from the war3. This was another attempt by the US to prevent the spread of communism to these nations by becoming their primarily ‘caretaker’ and making them dependent on the US, thus making it necessary for these nations to parlay with the US’s ideology to continue receiving funding. 7 Finally, and most notably, NSC-68 (1950) focused the US’s foreign policy towards the containment of the USSR’s influence and the spread of communism. The policy of containment was championed by George F. Kennan4, a war correspondent who was at some point stationed in the USSR, who recommended that the US be wary of the USSR’s pursuit of power through the spread of communism and that the US work to prevent this spread. The Berlin Blockade In 1948 the US, Great Britain, and France began reforming their occupied zones of Germany, which came to be known as West Germany (vs. East Germany, held by the USSR), to prepare it to assume self-governance. Through this process they introduced a new currency that would allow it to participate and compete economically internationally. However, the USSR did not like the prospect of a currency in Germany that it would not be able to control, and the USSR was concerned about a powerful Germany considering its experience during WWII, having been invaded by Hitler’s forces.
Recommended publications
  • Cuban Missile Crisis JCC: USSR

    Cuban Missile Crisis JCC: USSR

    asdf PMUNC 2015 Cuban Missile Crisis JCC: USSR Chair: Jacob Sackett-Sanders JCC PMUNC 2015 Contents Chair Letter…………………………………………………………………...3 Introduction……………….………………………………………………….4 Topics of Concern………………………...………………….………………6 The Space Race…...……………………………....………………….....6 The Third World...…………………………………………......………7 The Eastern Bloc………………………………………………………9 The Chinese Communists…………………………………………….10 De-Stalinization and Domestic Reform………………………………11 Committee Members….……………………………………………………..13 2 JCC PMUNC 2015 Chair’s Letter Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to give you an early welcome to PMUNC 2015. My name is Jacob, and I’ll be your chair, helping to guide you as you take on the role of the Soviet political elites circa 1961. Originally from Wilmington, Delaware, at Princeton I study Slavic Languages and Literature. The Eastern Bloc, as well as Yugoslavia, have long been interests of mine. Our history classes and national consciousness often paints them as communist enemies, but in their own ways, they too helped to shape the modern world that we know today. While ultimately failed states, they had successes throughout their history, contributing their own shares to world science and culture, and that’s something I’ve always tried to appreciate. Things are rarely as black and white as the paper and ink of our textbooks. During the conference, you will take on the role of members of the fictional Soviet Advisory Committee on Centralization and Global Communism, a new semi-secret body intended to advise the Politburo and other major state organs. You will be given unmatched power but also faced with a variety of unique challenges, such as unrest in the satellite states, an economy over-reliant on heavy industry, and a geopolitical sphere of influence being challenged by both the USA and an emerging Communist China.
  • For a Hero—The Silver Star Jury Tomorrow in the Cemetery Police Laboratory, in Trenton

    For a Hero—The Silver Star Jury Tomorrow in the Cemetery Police Laboratory, in Trenton

    Weather Dfctrilmtfc* 7 •jn, te«p#r*tu/» ». OrMr May wtt* Wchin the Mi. Clttr THEDAILY *and ood tonight with few in «s. 24,800 Tomorrow suitny and cool with 7 /ted Ban*; Area J high to the 50s. Wednesday fair •ad continued cool. NORTHERN MONMOUTH'S HOME NEWSPAPER DIAL 7414)010 dtli#. M«»|U» throo«h #rtd>r. l*ooa<l Cim Poiugt VOL. 87, NO. 81 Paid at AJdlifi andat AdijUooal Uallln( OUIcei. MONDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1964 7c PER COPY PAGE ONE Cemetery Case Goes Middletown Woman's Husband Killed in Viet Nam Before Grand Jury HOLMDEL — Mrs. Conrad A group of citizens found five Hess, South Laurel Ave., and human bones *- more than 100 Mrs. Marion Norton, Main St., years old in a mound of dirt both informed The Register that next to the excavation. The iden- they will appear before the Grand tification was made by the state For a Hero—The Silver Star Jury tomorrow in the cemetery police laboratory, in Trenton. case. Both Mrs. Hess and Mrs. Nor- WEST POINT, N. Y.—Mrs. Harriet L. Hines,- encouraged them to pursue their efforts in the At the decorations' ceremony here, another Both said they had received ton claim that they have fore- 186 Cherry Tree La., Middletown, N. J., has re- defense of their homeland." fallen hero, the late Capt. James P. Spruill, Suffern, mbpoenas to appear before the bears buried In the old ceme- jury. tery. ceived, with pride, though in grief, the Silver Star A Daily Register editorial April 28, noted N. Y., was honored with the Legion of Merit.
  • Policy-Roundtable-1-5BG.Pdf

    Policy-Roundtable-1-5BG.Pdf

    H-Diplo | ISSF POLICY Series America and the World—2017 and Beyond Stalin, Trump, and the Politics of Narcissism: A Response to Rose McDermott’s “The Nature of Narcissism.” Essay by Geoffrey Roberts, University College Cork, Emeritus, and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, 2018-2019 Published on 29 June 2018 | issforum.org Editor: Diane Labrosse Web and Production Editor: George Fujii Shortlink: http://tiny.cc/PR-1-5BG Permalink: http://issforum.org/roundtables/policy/1-5BG-Stalin PDF URL: http://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/Policy-Roundtable-1-5BG.pdf was intrigued by Rose McDermott’s piece on “The Nature of Narcissism”.1 As a narrative historian of international relations, I appreciated her call for analysis of the “influence of individual-level differences on international outcomes.” Central to narrative history is the reconstruction and analysis of the actions Iand interactions of individuals, as well as people’s goals, motivations, feelings, and experiences. However, I was startled by her characterisation of Joseph Stalin as a narcissist like Donald. Trump. It would be difficult to imagine two more different personalities; during decades of work in Stalin’s personal archives it never occurred to me he was a narcissist. Indeed, based on McDermott’s description of narcissism I would say that Stalin was the complete opposite (more on Trump below). While Stalin’s personality cult performed a political function, he displayed no personal need for such grandiosity. Nor did he seek validation and approval from others (except maybe Vladimir Lenin) or rely on external referents for his self-esteem. Stalin’s rejection and sometimes emotional response to criticism was based on strong beliefs, not a fragile ego.
  • MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970

    MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970

    MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970 by Brendan Kelly A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Brendan Kelly 2016 ii Marcel Cadieux, the Department of External Affairs, and Canadian International Relations: 1941-1970 Brendan Kelly Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2016 Abstract Between 1941 and 1970, Marcel Cadieux (1915-1981) was one of the most important diplomats to serve in the Canadian Department of External Affairs (DEA). A lawyer by trade and Montreal working class by background, Cadieux held most of the important jobs in the department, from personnel officer to legal adviser to under-secretary. Influential as Cadieux’s career was in these years, it has never received a comprehensive treatment, despite the fact that his two most important predecessors as under-secretary, O.D. Skelton and Norman Robertson, have both been the subject of full-length studies. This omission is all the more glaring since an appraisal of Cadieux’s career from 1941 to 1970 sheds new light on the Canadian diplomatic profession, on the DEA, and on some of the defining issues in post-war Canadian international relations, particularly the Canada-Quebec-France triangle of the 1960s. A staunch federalist, Cadieux believed that French Canadians could and should find a place in Ottawa and in the wider world beyond Quebec. This thesis examines Cadieux’s career and argues that it was defined by three key themes: his anti-communism, his French-Canadian nationalism, and his belief in his work as both a diplomat and a civil servant.
  • Court Proposes New Session to Handle Reapportioning

    Court Proposes New Session to Handle Reapportioning

    I^N ESD A Y, OCTTOT^ 18, 186^ iKitnrlrpBt^r lEttrabig ll^raUt ATtnc* Dally Not Press Rm Weather Fsr the Weak l!a«ed Faraoaat of V. S. WMither 24, U M ' fla g Karinaa from tosvn are About Town taking part in Operation Steal Oloadjr and oairier tenlgkt, law Pika In Spaht. Tliey are: Pfc. f r o m b ib s t o c r ib s h e e t s 14,065 4e-46; fair aad eaelar to m u m m , Douglas P. Johnson, aon of aC tka Audit Mgk ee-86. W m KuBitoi Pwiy, dwigh- Douglas A. Jcdinaon, 144 Birch tar oC Mr. «w l M n. JamM Pn^ St.; Lance Cpl. Robert M. a( Maneh0tter— A City of ViUagm Chorm ly, m HoOMar 8t^ !■ a mem- Smith, eon of Mr, and Mrs. celebrating bar o t the program commlttaa RuUedga J. Smith, 411 Bum- for an Open Houaa at Meriden ham St.; Cpl. John B. Fales, VOL. LXXXIV, NO. 25 tTWBNTY-BIGHT PA6BSF-TWO SECTIONS) MANCHESTE^^ CONN., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1964 (Ctoarifisd Advartiatag aU Faga 24) PRICE SEVEN CE^TS Haqdtal Sdiool of Ntiraing. son of Mr. and Mrs. Bbnmons . n ie event, acheduled for R. Falea, 1S8 N. Elm St.; Wednaaday, Nov. 4, front 12:46 Lance Cpl. James J. Antonio, B A B Y W EEK to S p.m., la open to high school son of Mr. and Mrs.i^James R. atpdents, their parcAta and Antonio, 147 Oloott St., and Events counsektra. Mlsa Perry la a atu- Lance Cpl.
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS

    Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS

    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
  • The Vietnam War As China's Watershed

    The Vietnam War As China's Watershed

    the vietNAM wAr As chiNA’s wAtershed China today is a rising superpower and a major challenger to American hegemony. Te industrialization and modernization that other nations achieved in centuries, China has compressed to a few decades. Indeed, all too ofen, we forget how meager were China’s origins before its recent rise. By the mid-20th Century, China remained extremely poor and militarily weakened, having sufered the Century of Humiliation and the Japanese Invasion. Tese trends would begin to change, however, during the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s. Tis paper tracks how the Chinese leadership used their involvement in Vietnam to work toward three goals: frst, to legitimize Mao’s military theories; second, to damage Soviet international prestige in the Communist movement; and third, to secure an advantageous post-war relationship with the United States. In achieving these goals, the Chinese used Vietnam as a springboard for future geopolitical relevance and development. By Christian Talley ‘16 Vanderbilt University ne of the most important trends in Vietnam War his- toriography has been the shif from a stale East ver- Osus West analysis and toward an examination of the competing intra-bloc interests of the Soviets, Chinese, and Vietnamese. Historians such as Lien-Hang Nguyen have re- cently reconstructed Hanoi’s perspective, demonstrating that North Vietnam’s leaders were torn between their commu- nist patrons in Beijing and Moscow as a result of the Sino- Soviet split. Just as important is the perspective of China in this seminal confict. At the beginning of the Vietnam War, China was an impoverished junior partner in the world communist movement.
  • The Soviet Union and the North Korean Seizure of the USS Pueblo: Evidence from Russian Archives

    The Soviet Union and the North Korean Seizure of the USS Pueblo: Evidence from Russian Archives

    COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER #47 The Soviet Union and the North Korean Seizure of the USS Pueblo: Evidence from Russian Archives By Sergey S. Radchenko THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN, Series Editor This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications.
  • Otto Ville Kuusinen Commemorated

    Otto Ville Kuusinen Commemorated

    Otto Ville Kuusinen Commemorated T AUNO SAARELA The legalisation of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) and the foundation of the People’s Democratic League (SKDL), a wider organisation of socialists and communists, in autumn 1944 gave the communist movement better opportunities to become part of Finnish political life. A good 20 percent support and a position in the government in 1945–48, 1966–1971 and 1975–82 was far different from living under various restrictions or underground they did during the inter-war years. It was now easier for the communist movement to make known its own interpretation of its history and to challenge the identifi cation of Finnish communism with the Soviet Union. For this purpose various articles and books on the activities of the movement in the 1920s and 1930s were published1, important leaders were presented and Otto Ville Kuusinen commemorated. Kuusinen, who had lived in the Soviet Union since the Finnish Civil War in 1918, served as a secretary of the Communist International in 1921–1939 and belonged to the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from the 1940s, was a controversial fi gure in Finland after the Second World War. For the bourgeoisie he symbolised the Soviet origin and interests of the Finnish communist movement, as indicated by the establishment of the Terijoki government during the Winter War in November 1939 and participation in the war propaganda against Finland during the Continuation War. Among the communists, on the other hand, he was regarded as a great man with a remarkable international career.
  • A, I. Mikiiyal{

    A, I. Mikiiyal{

    UICT(lR PERT(l An lnlerview wilh A, I. MIKIIYAl{ Firsf Deputy Prime Minister of thc, U.S.S.R" New york I NTER NATt ONAI- PU BtIS H ER S t VICTOR PERLO How thc Sovict EconomyWorks ln fnturuiew with A. I. Mikoyzn First Deputy Prime Mi.misterof the U.S.S.R. New York INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS CONTENTS Introduction ECONOMIC PLANNING 11 Decentralization, 14; Details of the System, 1E; Twenty Year Plan, 19; The Merging of Socialist Property Forms, 22 II. SHORTCOMINGS No Dead Ends in the U.S.S.R., 2G; Raw Materials, 28; Agriculture, 29; Black Markets, 33; Quality of Construction, 34 III. EFFICIENCY AND INCENTIVE 36 Industrial Stimuli, 37; Overmanning, 39; Effi- ciency in Agriculture, 41; The Income Gap, 46 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 61-16824 Copyright 1961 IV. AMERICAN-SOVIET RELATIONS 51 by IUTBnUATIoNAL Purr,rsnpns Co., INc. American Example, 52; East-West Trade, b5; Printeil i,n the a.S.A. The American EeonomS bg; The Soviet Example, @ts20e 62 BOOKS BY VICTOR PERLO INTRODUCTION USA & USSR-The Economic Race This booklet presents the text and background of an Dollars & Sense of Disarmament (with Carl Marzani) interview with Anastas I. Mikoyan, First Deputy Premier The Empire of Hi,gh Finance of the USSR, held in the Kremlin August 1, 1960. I spent three months in the Soviet Union, at the invitation Lhe Income'Revolution' of the Institute of World Economics and fnternational Rela- The Negro in Southern Agriculture tions in Moscow. As an economist, and author of various books that have been published in the Russian language, American Imperialism I was given exce]lent cooperation in the pursuit of my professional research in the U.S.S.R.
  • Political and Economic Roots of the Turbulent Political System, Or Why and How the World of 1991–2021 Was Born

    Political and Economic Roots of the Turbulent Political System, Or Why and How the World of 1991–2021 Was Born

    Andrey FURSOV , Ph.D. 1 POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ROOTS OF THE TURBULENT POLITICAL SYSTEM, OR WHY AND HOW THE WORLD OF 1991–2021 WAS BORN https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch2 Abstract : The world political system of the last 30 years (since December 1989) is characterized by immense and growing turbulence: more and more acts of Western aggression (Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya), more and more local conflicts to the benefit of transnational corporations, more and more grey zones (the latter fact reflects both the ‘fading away’ of the nation- state and the criminalization of world politics and world economy). Is there one single factor explaining these events, or do we just have a mosaic of disorderly chaos? Being far from cheap conspirology discourse and working strictly within the political-economic approach to the history of the capitalist system, which is largely a cryptohistory, the author thinks that the fact determining the turbo transformation of world politics is the dismantling of the capitalist system (The fact that this system does not correspond to the current world is acknowledged officially even by the ‘wizards of Davos’). Partly it is elemental, but to a larger extent, it is the process of chaos organized by global elites. The problem is that in the process of the battle for the future, first, there are more and more contradictions between rival elite groups (the Anglo-Saxons and Europeans, moderate and radical globalists, financiers and industrialists, etc., let alone occult differences), and, secondly, the process of dismantling spins out of control increasingly. This creates a combination of organized and disorderly chaos in world politics, which makes it difficult to analyze it adequately.
  • Seven Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the Karabakh Conflict

    Seven Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the Karabakh Conflict

    Seven Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the Karabakh Conflict Simon Saradzhyan and Artur Saradzhyan October 2012 SEVEN LESSONS OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS FOR THE KARABAKH CONFLICT SIMON SARADZHYAN AND ARTUR SARADZHYAN OCTOBER 2012 Discussion Paper #2012 – 14 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Phone: (617) 495-1400 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.belfercenter.org Copyright 2012 President and Fellows of Harvard College The authors of this report invite use of this information for educational purposes, requiring only that the reproduced material clearly cite the full source: Saradzhyan, Simon and Artur Saradzhyan. “Seven Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the Karabakh Conflict,” Discussion Paper 2012-14, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2012. Statements and views expressed in this discussion paper are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, the Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Cover: Armenian forces perform their final day of maneuvers in the self-proclaimed republic of Nagorno-Karabagh, Tuesday Aug. 10, 2004. (AP Photo / Photolur) Layout by Traci Farrell ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their insightful suggestions on ways to improve this paper (in alphabetical order): Nabi Abdullaev, Head of Foreign-Language News Service at RIA Novosti; Matthew Bunn, Associate Professor at Harvard Kennedy School; Kevin Ryan, Executive Director for Research at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School; Emil Sanamyan, Washington Editor for The Armenian Reporter; and William Tobey, Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School.