DOCSLIB.ORG

Laboratory Manual for Chemistry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laboratory Manual for Chemistry LABORATORY MANUAL FOR CHEMISTRY 102 Prepared by Department of Chemistry and Physics Los Angeles Valley College This Lab Book Belongs To: Copyright © 2015 by the Department of Chemistry and Physics, Los Angeles Valley College. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright holder. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents LABORATORY SAFETY RULES .................................................................................................................. 3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF A REACTION .................................................................................... 6 CHEMICAL KINETICS ............................................................................................................................. 13 LE CHÂTELIER'S PRINCIPLE ................................................................................................................... 25 WEAK ACIDS AND BASES ...................................................................................................................... 35 DETERMINATION OF Ka BY pH TITRATION ............................................................................................ 43 BUFFERS AND pH ................................................................................................................................. 53 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS .................................................................................................. 61 A SOLUBILITY INVESTIGATION .............................................................................................................. 66 SOLUBILITY AND Ksp DETERMINATION ................................................................................................. 73 DETERMINATION OF Kf BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS ........................................................... 81 Ksp, G, H, AND S OF POTASSIUM NITRATE DISSOLVING IN WATER ............................................ 89 DETERMINATION OF PERCENT OXALATE BY OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATION ............................. 97 ELECTROCHEMISTRY .......................................................................................................................... 105 ELECTROLYTIC DETERMINATION OF THE MOLAR MASS OF LEAD ...................................................... 117 DETERMINATION OF THE HALF-LIFE OF POTASSIUM-40 .................................................................... 121 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS AND COMPLEX IONS ......................................................................... 127 EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN TWO COMPLEX IONS OF Co2+ IN SOLUTION .............................................. 130 SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A NICKEL COMPLEX ............................................................................ 141 MOLECULAR MODELS OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES ............................................................. 151 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................ 155 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................ 156 APPENDIX C ........................................................................................................................................ 166 3 LABORATORY SAFETY RULES Note: Failure to follow safety rules will result in expulsion from this course. 1. Wear approved safety goggles at all times in the laboratory. 2. It is not advisable to wear contact lenses during lab. 3. Do not wear loose clothing to lab. It is a fire hazard. 4. Tie back long hair. It too is a fire hazard. 5. Wear closed shoes to lab. 6. Never put anything into your mouth while in the lab. 7. Immediately wash off any chemicals spilled on your skin or clothes. 8. Keep the lab neat. Return reagent containers and equipment to proper locations. Put any belongings not needed for experimental work on the shelves provided. 9. Clean up all chemical spills or broken glass immediately. 10. Think about how much chemical you will need before you take it from a stock (reagent) bottle. Never return unused chemicals to stock bottles. Never dip into a reagent bottle with anything (spatula, dropper, pipet, etc.)! 11. Dispose of waste chemicals only as instructed. 12. Behave in a responsible manner. 13. You should be aware of the location and use of laboratory safety equipment. 14. Immediately report accidents and injuries to your professor. 15. Do not perform unauthorized experiments. 16. Thoroughly wash your hands any time you leave the lab. 17. No smoking on the Los Angeles Valley College campus. I have carefully read all of the safety precautions summarized above and recognize that it is my responsibility to observe them throughout this course. Chemistry 102 Printed Name Date Section Number Signature 4 5 LABORATORY SAFETY RULES Note: Failure to follow safety rules will result in expulsion from this course. 1. Wear approved safety goggles at all times in the laboratory. 2. It is not advisable to wear contact lenses during lab. 3. Do not wear loose clothing to lab. It is a fire hazard. 4. Tie back long hair. It too is a fire hazard. 5. Wear closed shoes to lab. 6. Never put anything into your mouth while in the lab. 7. Immediately wash off any chemicals spilled on your skin or clothes. 8. Keep the lab neat. Return reagent containers and equipment to proper locations. Put any belongings not needed for experimental work on the shelves provided. 9. Clean up all chemical spills or broken glass immediately. 10. Think about how much chemical you will need before you take it from a stock (reagent) bottle. Never return unused chemicals to stock bottles. Never dip into a reagent bottle with anything (spatula, dropper, pipet, etc.)! 11. Dispose of waste chemicals only as instructed. 12. Behave in a responsible manner. 13. You should be aware of the location and use of laboratory safety equipment. 14. Immediately report accidents and injuries to your professor. 15. Do not perform unauthorized experiments. 16. Thoroughly wash your hands any time you leave the lab. 17. No smoking on the Los Angeles Valley College campus. Come to lab prepared!! Carefully read the experiment before coming to lab. 6 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF A REACTION INTRODUCTION There are several factors that affect the rate of a reaction. Some of these factors are: • Mixing • Concentration of a reactant • Temperature • The presence of a catalyst • Surface area in a heterogeneous reaction In this experiment we will examine these factors. This experiment is an introduction to the more commonly encountered factors that affect the rate of reactions. There are other factors that do influence the rate of a reaction such as light, molecular geometry and the type of solvent used; however, we do not have the time to explore all facets of all factors that affect reaction rate. PROCEDURE A. The effect of mixing. 1. Fill two small test tubes ¼ full with water. 2. Into each tube add a small crystal of solid potassium permanganate. 3. Let one tube sit undisturbed. Swirl the other tube to dissolve the potassium permanganate. Note the amount of time it takes the swirled sample to dissolve (form a solution). 4. Continue with the experiment (Parts B through E) and observe the undisturbed tube every few minutes. Note approximately how long it takes for the potassium permanganate to dissolve and diffuse throughout this tube. To complete Parts B and C each group will need a timer, a total of 7.0 mL of 3%(m/m) hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2) and a total of 15.0 mL of solution A (a mixture of starch (as an indicator), acetic acid, potassium iodide, and sodium thiosulfate). Do not waste reagents by taking more than you need for the experiment! B. The effect of concentration of a reactant. 1. In your smallest beaker place 5.0 mL of solution A and add 5.0 mL of the hydrogen peroxide solution. Start your timer as soon as the solutions are mixed in the beaker. 2. Record the number of seconds that elapse until the solution turns blue/black. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 using 5.0 mL of solution A and 4.0 mL of deionized water which has been added to 1.0 mL of the hydrogen peroxide solution. 7 C. The effect of temperature. 1. Place a test tube containing 5.0 mL of solution A and another test tube containing 4.0 mL of deionized water combined with 1.0 mL of the 3% hydrogen peroxide solution into a warm water bath for about 5 minutes. 2. Measure the temperature of the water bath. 3. Mix the two solutions into a small beaker and start your timer. 4. Record the number of seconds required for the solution to turn blue/black. 5. Compare this number with the elapsed time from the second (diluted) mixture in part B. D. The effect of a catalyst. 1. Fill a large (400 mL or larger) beaker about 2/3 full with water. 2. Fill a small test tube all the way with water. Place your finger over the opening and invert it into the beaker. Do not allow any gas to enter the tube as you remove your finger. 3. Obtain a gas collection apparatus. Place the gas evolution tube under the inverted test tube in the beaker. 4. Do you notice gas formation in the 3% H2O2 reagent bottle? 5. Place 20 drops of 3 M copper(II) nitrate solution in the flask. Swirl the contents of the flask. Is any gas formed in the catalyst solution alone? 6. Quickly add about 20 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemistry Laboratory Safety Rules
    Orange Coast College Chemistry Laboratory Safety Rules All chemistry students must successfully pass a test on the following material before they are allowed to work in the laboratory. The test consists of 20 multiple choice questions. The importance of safety requires a high passing score. General Rules 1. No eating, drinking, chewing gum, smoking, or vaping is permitted in the laboratory. 2. Shoes (closed-toed) and appropriate clothing must be worn in the laboratory. Sandals, shorts, etc. do not provide sufficient protection from an accident. To prevent damage, avoid wearing expensive clothing in the lab. 3. Be prepared for lab. Read the procedures carefully before your scheduled lab period and follow all instructions. 4. No unauthorized experiments or unsupervised laboratory work is permitted. An unauthorized experiment is anything that is not in the experimental procedures or instructions given by your professor. 5. Visitors and children are not allowed in the laboratory. Exit the lab if you need to communicate with your visitors. 6. Clean up all chemical spills immediately, including water on the floor. 7. Report any accident, no matter how minor, to the instructor. 8. Never leave your experiment unattended when there is a hazard such as a lit burner. 9. Before you leave the laboratory, always clean your work area, lock your drawer, make certain that water and gas are off, and counters and floor are clean and dry. Safety goggles are to be removed only immediately before leaving lab. 10. Keep backpacks & personal items on the coat rack or shelves above them, to keep the aisles free of tripping hazards.
    [Show full text]
  • Miniav®-X Automatic Viscometer Instruction & Operation Manual
    MiniAV®-X Automatic Viscometer Instruction & Operation Manual 81.2254 i CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION/INSTALLATION 1 The miniAV®-X Automatic Viscometer .................................................................................. 1 Measuring kinematic viscosity ............................................................................................... 2 Safety cautions ..................................................................................................................... 2 Specifications ....................................................................................................................... 4 Installation ............................................................................................................................ 4 Required installation components ............................................................................... 4 Vacuum Pump unit connections ................................................................................. 6 Bath unit connections ................................................................................................ 6 VISCPRO® for Windows® XP® ............................................................................................ 6 Installing VISCPRO® software .............................................................................................. 7 Computer requirements ............................................................................................. 7 Windows® XP® installation .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WHEATON Media Bottles
    > 1 Proven Tools™ for Scientific Research Mission Contact Info WHEATON is a First-Tier Best In Class Global Supplier, a highly effective > USA & Canada ...................................... 800.225.1437 marketer and a product / service innovator serving the general laboratory, life science and diagnostics packaging segments. > International ......................................... 856.825.1100 > Worldwide Fax ...................................... 856.825.1368 Our Life’s work is founded in our unrelenting passion for Customer Satisfaction and Performance Improvement making us incredibly easy to do business with. > Website ..........................................www.wheaton.com Our Associates take pride in our product, our workplace and in performance. > Street ...................................... 1501 North 10th Street Please contact us and our friendly associates will be glad to assist you. > City / State / Zip.....................Millville, NJ 08332-2038 > Country ................................................................USA > Hours ................................ 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST Stephen R. Drozdow President, Chief Executive Officer > 2 Table of Contents Cell Culture Adherent Culture > Incubators * .....................................................................52 > Roller Apparatus * ............................................................51 > Roller Bottles ...................................................................51 > Vented Caps ....................................................................51
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Equipment Used in Filtration
    KNOW YOUR LAB EQUIPMENTS Test tube A test tube, also known as a sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom. Beakers Beakers are used as containers. They are available in a variety of sizes. Although they often possess volume markings, these are only rough estimates of the liquid volume. The markings are not necessarily accurate. Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks are often used as reaction vessels, particularly in titrations. As with beakers, the volume markings should not be considered accurate. Volumetric flask Volumetric flasks are used to measure and store solutions with a high degree of accuracy. These flasks generally possess a marking near the top that indicates the level at which the volume of the liquid is equal to the volume written on the outside of the flask. These devices are often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of known concentration are needed. Graduated cylinder Graduated cylinders are used to transfer liquids with a moderate degree of accuracy. Pipette Pipettes are used for transferring liquids with a fixed volume and quantity of liquid must be known to a high degree of accuracy. Graduated pipette These Pipettes are calibrated in the factory to release the desired quantity of liquid. Disposable pipette Disposable transfer. These Pipettes are made of plastic and are useful for transferring liquids dropwise. Burette Burettes are devices used typically in analytical, quantitative chemistry applications for measuring liquid solution. Differing from a pipette since the sample quantity delivered is changeable, graduated Burettes are used heavily in titration experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry 2A Lab Manual Standard Operating Procedures Winter Quarter 2018
    Chemistry 2A Lab Manual Standard Operating Procedures Winter Quarter 2018 Department of Chemistry University of California - Davis Davis, CA 95616 Student Name Locker # Laboratory Information Teaching Assistant’s Name Laboratory Section Number Laboratory Room Number Dispensary Room Number 1060 Sciences Lab Building Location of Safety Equipment Nearest to Your Laboratory Safety Shower Eye Wash Fountain Fire Extinguisher Fire Alarm Safety Chemicals Revision Date 12/1/2017 Preface Chemistry is an experimental science. Thus, it is important that students of chemistry do experiments in the laboratory to more fully understand that the theories they study in lecture and in their textbook are developed from the critical evaluation of experimental data. The laboratory can also aid the student in the study of the science by clearly illustrating the principles and concepts involved. Finally, laboratory experimentation allows students the opportunity to develop techniques and other manipulative skills that students of science must master. The faculty of the Chemistry Department at UC Davis clearly understands the importance of laboratory work in the study of chemistry. The Department is committed to this component of your education and hopes that you will take full advantage of this opportunity to explore the science of chemistry. A unique aspect of this laboratory program is that a concerted effort has been made to use environmentally less toxic or non-toxic materials in these experiments. This was not only done to protect students but also to lessen the impact of this program upon the environment. This commitment to the environment has presented an enormous challenge, as many traditional experiments could not be used due to the negative impact of the chemicals involved.
    [Show full text]
  • J-Sil Price List
    An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Company TM J-SIL LABORATORY GLASSWARE Made from Borosilicate 3.3 Glass PRICE LIST 1st April, 2015 Manufactured by : J-SIL SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIES MFRS. OF : SCIENTIFIC & LABORATORY GLASS APPARATUS 48-B, INDUSTR IAL ESTATE, NUNHAI, AGRA-282006 (INDIA) Phone : 2281967, 2281887 l Fax : 0562-2280186 E-mail : jsil @sancharnet.in, [email protected] Web : www.j-sil.com LABORATORY GLASS APPARATUS J-SIL 51. Chromatography Graduated, Screw Vials 9 mm wide Opening Type Cap Pkt Price/ Pkt A Clear Glass 2ml 100 PC 650.00 B Amber Glass 2ml 100 PC 700.00 56. Screw Cap with Septa for 9 mm Screw Vials (Closure) Cap Septa Pkt Price/ Pkt A Blue Non Slit 100 PC 750.00 B Blue Pre-Slit 100 PC 775.00 61. Clear Glass Screw Vials 9mm with Screw Blue Cap & PTFE-Silicon Septa (Combo) Cap Septa Pkt Price/ Pkt A 2 ml Non Slit 100 PC 1350.00 B 2 ml Pre-Slit 100 PC 1400.00 66. Amber Clear Glass Screw Vials 9mm with Screw Blue Cap & PTFE-Silicon Septa (Combo) Cap Septa Pkt Price/ Pkt A 2 ml Non Slit 100 PC 1400.00 B 2 ml Pre-Slit 100 PC 1450.00 LABORATORY GLASS APPARATUS J-SIL 71. Nylon Syringe Filter (Non Sterile) Packed in Transparent Plastic Jar DIA MICRON Pkt Price/ Pkt A 13 mm 0.22µm 100 1800.00 B 13 mm 0.45µm 100 1800.00 C 25 mm 0.22µm 100 1850.00 D 25 mm 0.45µm 100 1850.00 76. PVDF Syringe Filter (Non Sterile) Packed in Transparent Plastic Jar DIA MICRON Pkt Price/ Pkt A 13 mm 0.22µm 100 2800.00 B 13 mm 0.45µm 100 2800.00 C 25 mm 0.22µm 100 2850.00 D 25 mm 0.45µm 100 2850.00 81.
    [Show full text]
  • Whitall Tatum &
    Whitall Tatum – Part II – Whitall Tatum Co. Bill Lockhart, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey, and Bob Brown with contributions by David Whitten The history of the Whitall Tatum firms may be divided into four sections: The early companies, Whitall Tatum & Co., Whitall Tatum Co., and the factories after the sale to the Armstrong Cork Co. (and later to the Kerr Glass Mfg. Co.). Since we have discovered no glass manufacturer’s marks for the early firms, we have included a brief history of those house in Part I with Whitall Tatum & Co. Part II is comprised of the history and marks of the second major division, the Whitall Tatum Co. See the Armstrong Cork and Kerr Glass sections for more information on those glass houses both before and after their respective acquisitions of the Whitall Tatum plants. The Whitall Tatum Co. grew out of Whitall Tatum & Co. The firm continued to be one of the giants of the glass industry, especially in the production of prescription bottles and other pharmaceutical supplies. As with the earlier firm, most Whitall Tatum bottles continued to be clearly marked with the company initials in a variety of styles from the incorporation in 1901 to the sale of the business in 1938. [This study was originally published as Lockhart et al. 2006, but much of it has been greatly expanded.] History Unlike the previous section, there is only a single history – that of the Whitall Tatum Co. As noted above, we have presented the histories and bottles of the successor firms – Armstrong Cork Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory
    Reference: Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories-Accident Prevention for College and University Students. A Publication of American Chemical Society Joint Board-Council Committee on Chemical Safety. 7th Edition-Vol 1 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory General • All students must pass the Safety Quiz and sign a Safety Agreement before working in the lab. • State and Federal law require the use of splash proof safety goggles by anyone working in a chemical lab. No student will be allowed to work in the lab or weighing room without wearing the department approved splash-proof safety goggles with side shield, lab apron/coat, and closed toe shoes. There will be no exception to this rule. • You will be doing lab experiments that require hazardous chemicals. To ensure a safe chemistry lab you need to follow : o all safety rules given , o the safety DVD, and o all written and verbal instructions given for each experiment. • All safety rules will be strictly enforced. Ignoring or failing to follow any safety rule or instruction will result in your being dismissed from the lab. Safety Equipment Know the locations/operations and use of the following emergency equipments: 1. Fire extinguisher is stored in a compartment attached to the wall. 2. Red fire alarm is on the wall at eyelevel next to the fire extinguisher 3. Fire blanket is stored inside a labeled red box attached to the wall next to the fire extinguisher. The blanket is to be used on clothing that caught fire. The blanket can also be used to cover a shock victim. 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Products Brochure
    Laboratory Products · Laborprodukte For all the following products we guarantee the quality of raw materials and precise performance of the finished products. The user of glass and plastic labware has to be confident that he can count on laboratory equipment from Poulten & Graf. Auch bei den folgenden Poulten & Graf Produkten legen wir großen Wert auf Qualität, denn der Anwender muss sich auf sämtliche im Laboralltag eingesetzten Labormittel gleicher- maßen verlassen können. Laboratory Products · Laborprodukte 197 Flasks · Kolben Flat Bottom Flask, with rim and narrow neck Stehkolben, mit Bördelrand und Enghals Volume Pack Art.-No. Inhalt VE Art.-Nr. 50 ml 10 8.720-17-400 100 ml 10 8.720-24-400 250 ml 10 8.720-36-400 500 ml 10 8.720-44-400 1000 ml 10 8.720-54-400 Laboratory Products · Laborprodukte 2000 ml 6 8.720-63-400 Round Bottom Flask, with rim and narrow neck Rundkolben, mit Bördelrand und Enghals Volume Pack Art.-No. Inhalt VE Art.-Nr. 50 ml 10 8.740-17-400 100 ml 10 8.740-24-400 250 ml 10 8.740-36-400 500 ml 10 8.740-44-400 1000 ml 10 8.740-54-400 2000 ml 6 8.740-64-400 198 Erlenmeyer Flasks · Kolben FORTUNA® Erlenmeyer Flask, with rim and narrow neck, white graduation, borosilicate glass FORTUNA® Erlenmeyer-Kolben, mit Bördelrand und Enghals, weiß graduiert, Borosilikatglas Capacity Pack Art.-No. Inhalt VE Art.-Nr. 25 ml 10 8.680-14-400 50 ml 10 8.680-17-400 100 ml 10 8.680-24-400 250 ml 10 8.680-36-400 300 ml 10 8.680-39-400 500 ml 10 8.680-44-400 Laboratory Products · Laborprodukte 1000 ml 10 8.680-54-400 2000 ml 10 8.680-63-400 3000 ml 1 8.680-68-400 5000 ml 1 8.680-73-400 Erlenmeyer Flask, with rim and wide neck, white graduation, borosilicate glass Erlenmeyer-Kolben, mit Bördelrand und Weithals, weiß graduiert, Borosilikatglas Capacity Pack Art.-No.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Procedure Manual
    Laboratory Procedure Manual Analyte: Triglycerides \ Matrix: Serum Method: Roche/Hitachi Modular P Chemistry Analyzer as performed by: Collaborative Studies Clinical Laboratory University of Minnesota Medical Center Fairview-University Medical Center University Campus Minneapolis, Minnesota Contact: Dr. Jack Eckfeldt., M.D. Important Information for Users The Fairview -University Medical Center periodically refines these laboratory methods. It is the responsibility of the user to contact the person listed on the title page of each write-up before using the analytical method to find out whether any changes have been made and what revisions, if any, have been incorporated. Triglyceride in Serum NHANES 2011-2012 Public Release Data Set Information This document details the Lab Protocol for testing the items listed. Data File Name Variable Name SAS Label (and SI units) TRIGLY_G LBXTR Triglycerides(mg/dL) LBDTRSI Triglycerides(mmol/L) Triglyceride in Serum NHANES 2011-2012 1. SUMMARY OF TEST PRINCIPLE AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A. Clinical Relevance Triglycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol that have three hydroxyl groups. Because they are insoluble in water, the triglycerides are transported with other more polar lipids. Elevated triglyceride measurements are associated with diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, alcoholism, glycogen storage disease, hypothyroidism, nephrosis, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives and gout. Triglyceride levels are decreased in hyperthyroidism, use of certain lipid-lowering drugs and malabsorption syndrome. B. Principle In this enzymatic method reagent 1 (glycerol blanking) is added first. Free glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) by glycerol kinase. G3P is acted upon by glycerol phosphate oxidase to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide combines with 4- chlorophenol under the action of peroxidase to produce an oxidation product that that does not react with the colorometric component of reagent 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Duran® Youtility® Designed for You
    DURAN® YOUTILITY® DESIGNED FOR YOU PART OF THE DURAN® BOTTLE SYSTEM 2 MORE THAN JUST A BETTER BOTTLE, IT’S A COMPLETE SYSTEM DISCOVER THE WAY TO MAKE LABORATORY WORK EASIER, SAFER, MORE ECONOMICAL AND FUN Borosilicate 3.3 glass bottles are very widely used in After extensive market and customer research, twelve scientifi c research for activities such as sampling, key tasks associated with laboratory bottle usage were storage, mixing, media preparation and sterilization of identifi ed. Signifi cantly, all the tasks involved the manual liquids. But often they are not given a second thought. handling of the bottles and caps. In addition, for most of DWK Life Sciences pioneered the screw threaded GL 45 the key tasks, the clear and unambiguous identifi cation DURAN® borosilicate glass laboratory bottle way back of the bottle and its contents was essential. Therefore the in 1972. Prior to that date most laboratory reagent parameters targeted for improvements were ergonomic bottles had been sealed by a glass stopper. Since its handling, ease of use, and the development of a better introduction over four decades ago, the DURAN® GL 45 method of bottle identifi cation. laboratory bottle has become the bottle of choice for laboratories around the world. The result is the DURAN® YOUTILITY® bottle, a new generation of glass laboratory bottles for use in a wide However since then, the basic form and design of the and diverse range of scientifi c research applications. DURAN® bottles has remained virtually unchanged. The innovation does not stop at the improved ergonomic Yet the demands on laboratory effi ciency, personnel and bottle shape, but extends to dedicated accessories that equipment grow ever more stringent.
    [Show full text]
  • US5357095.Pdf
    |||||||||||I|| USOO5357095A United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 5,357,095 Weyrauch et al. 45 Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 1994 54) REAGENT BOTTLE IDENTIFICATION AND 4,972,475 11/1990 Sant'Anselmo....................... 380/54 REAGENT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR A 5, 153,418 10/1992 Batterman et al. ................. 235/494 CHEMICAL ANALYZER Primary Examiner-Davis L. Willis 75 Inventors: Bruce Weyrauch, Newman Lake; Assistant Examiner-Edward Sikorski Norman Kelln, Spokane; Leon Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wells, St. John, Roberts, Schmidt, Spokane; Charles Butts, Gregory & Matkin Spokane; James Clark, Spokane; Kelsey Loughlin, Spokane; Gary (57) ABSTRACT Richardson, Mica, all of Wash. An automatic chemical analyzer utilizes reagents sup plied in reagent bottles. The reagent bottles are labeled 73 Assignee: Schiapparelli Biosystems, Inc., on their bottom surfaces with an identification label Fairfield, N.J. bearing a machine-readable identification code. The 21 Appl. No.: 916,221 automatic chemical analyzer includes a reagent tray having a plurality of tray apertures therein which re 22 Filed: Jul. 16, 1992 ceive coded reagent bottles and which expose the bot (51) Int. Cl. ............................................. G06K 19/06 tom surface of each bottle for optical viewing of the (52) U.S. Cl. ..................................... 235/494; 235/375 machine-readable identification code. The analyzer 58 Field of Search ............... 235/494, 454, 487, 375; further includes optical scanner means positioned below 382/48, 68 the reagent tray for reading the machine-readable iden tification code on the bottom surfaces of reagent bottles (56) References Cited within the tray apertures. The tray apertures are selec U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS tively located over the optical scanner means so that the 3,414,731 12/1968 Sperry ................................
    [Show full text]