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COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots the Latest Research, Information and Analysis on the Effects of COVID-19 on Migration and Migrants in a Fast-Moving Environment

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COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots the Latest Research, Information and Analysis on the Effects of COVID-19 on Migration and Migrants in a Fast-Moving Environment COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots The latest research, information and analysis on the effects of COVID-19 on migration and migrants in a fast-moving environment Migration Research Division Introduction COVID-19 is having an unprecedented effect on communities across the world. A quick look at the latest news in 2020 is sufficient to see the vast array of health, economic, and social impacts that have either directly or indirectly been caused by the virus, or have been worsened by the pandemic. Tens of millions of people have contracted the virus. Over a million people have died or faced long-term health effects from the virus. Many millions of people have lost their jobs, and others have seen their businesses shut down, as entire sectors have been forced to grind to a halt. Inequality has deepened. Xenophobia, discrimination, and stigmatization have been exacerbated by misinformation and fake news in the media, especially social media, and the politicization of the health measures meant to address the virus. Undoubtedly, COVID-19 has had specific impacts, both measurable and immeasurable, on hu- man mobility, migration and migrants. Recognizing the importance of building the evidence to address these effects, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) began several initiatives to help address the health and socio-economic challenges and risks faced by migrants. One of these initiatives, spearheaded by the Migration Research Division (MRD) starting in March 2020, was the release of a weekly series of COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots designed to capture the lat- est research, information and analysis in a fast-moving environment. Over two or three pages, each Analytical Snapshot includes a collection of public information, through aggregation of exter- nal research and data on different aspects of COVID impact on migrants. Several topics have been updated as analysis has developed. While initially published separately as discrete editions, these Snapshots have been compiled into a special volume during its translation into Mandarin Chinese. When read as a part of a single volume as presented here, the reader may be struck by the changes in the research and analysis of COVID-19 and human mobility over time. Indeed, a growing recognition of the disparate im- pacts of the virus on migrants, the emergence of a parallel “misinfo-demic” spreading around the world and the surprising trends of remittances during the pandemic are but three topics which exhibit the evolving nature of the evidence-base during the intervening months. This volume is not exhaustive, as the research on COVID-19 and migration is likely to grow in the years and dec- ades to come, but it does provide a compilation of the existing robust and balanced analysis, in- cluding in IOM’s flagship publication, the World Migration Report. Translations of snapshots continue. Other than English, the Snapshots are available in Arabic, French, Mandarin Chinese, Russian and Spanish. This COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot has been produced byIOM Research ([email protected]). Important disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM. The inclusion or presentation of material does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM, or of any of its members or partners. Table of Contents 1 Tools and resources 26 Stranded migrants 2 Modern mobility systems and pandemics 27 Child protection 3 Travel restrictions & mobility 28 Impacts on immigration policies 4 Consular and other assistance for stranded 29 Stigmatization & discrimination UPDATE migrants and travelers 30 People with disabilities 5 Migration research & analysis 31 Diaspora engagement 6 Stigmatization & discrimination 32 Socio-economic impacts 7 Displaced population impacts 33 Combating xenophobia and 8 Displacement events racism 9 Immigration detention 34 Environmental migration and displacement 10 Economic impacts on migrants 35 Civil society responses 11 Implications for development 36 Implications for privacy 12 Global migration governance 37 Global talent mobility 13 Irregularity, protection & smuggling 38 Social protection of migrants 14 Human trafficking 39 International students 15 Migrants on the frontline 40 Returning migrants 16 International remittances 41 Implications for tourism 42 Human rights impacts through- 17 Impacts on migrant children and youth out the migration cycle 18 Migrants & global food supply 43 Migration research & analysis 19 Misinformation on migration & migrants 44 Cities & local authorities UPDATE 20 Migration research & analysis UPDATE 45 Travel restrictions and mobility 21 Tools and resources UPDATE UPDATE 22 Cities and local authorities responses 46 Economic impacts on migrants 23 Travel restrictions & mobility UPDATE UPDATE 47 Misinformation UPDATE 24 Technology to support analysis and 48 Internal movements responses 49 Impacts on migrants in informal 25 Gender dimensions economies 50 Socio-economic impacts UPDATE This COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot has been produced byIOM Research ([email protected]). Important disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not neces- sarily reflect the views of IOM. The inclusion or presentation of material does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM, or of any of its members or partners. COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot #1: Tools and Resources Understanding the migration & mobility implications of COVID-19 These COVID-19 Analytical Snapshots are designed to capture the latest information and analysis in a fast-moving environment. Topics will be repeated from time to time as analysis develops. If you have an item to include, please email us at [email protected]. Key Daily Updates IOM Crisis Response World Health Organization Situa- IOM’s Statement on COVID-19 and Mobility highlights the im- tion Reports portance of supporting migrants throughout the ongoing The Situation Reports give an Coronavirus crisis: update of developments in the preceding 24 hours. Within countries that have been hardest hit, migrants Each report also includes a are exposed to many of the same vulnerabilities as other daily ‘Subject in Focus’. citizens, and often to a greater extent. Oxford COVID-19 Government Efforts to support all vulnerable groups … should be Response Tracker (OxCGRT) strongly considered to avoid harmful consequences, min- OxCGRT records government imise hardship, as well as reduce public health risk. responses across countries and time in a consistent way. Drawing upon its experiences from previous emergencies, They collect publicly available IOM’s COVID-19 Global Strategic Preparedness and Response information on 11 indicators Plan (SRP) aims to support countries which require additional of response and use these to resources, whether financial, technical or operational. create a “Stringency Index”. IOM is playing a direct role in: Risk communication and community engagement; Crisis and cross-border coordination; WHO Myth Buster Training government employees; Population mobility mapping; and In the face of misinformation and Enhanced surveillance, and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene fake news, the WHO has busted a (WASH) services. number of COVID-19 myths. COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Globally To understand how COVID-19 affects global The Points of Entry Baseline Assessment shows mobility, IOM’s DTM Global Mobility Restriction the number and type of restrictions imposed at Overview maps the various travel disruptions 1,221 points of entry, and reports which popu- and restrictions in place across the world. lation categories have been most affected by these measures. 30 March 2020 March 30 Tracking COVID-19 cases around the world A number of online interactive dashboards have been created to allow public health authorities, researchers and the general public to visualize and track the outbreak of COVID-19 as it unfolds. These dashboards show the number of confirmed COVID- 19 cases, fatalities and recoveries at the country level, as well as the change in cases over time. The most cited dashboards include those hosted by John Hopkins University, nCov2019 and the WHO COVID-19 IOM, World Migration Report 2020 Situation Dashboard. BNO News, nCov2019 Data Map Behind nCov2019 Migration Research Centre Analysis When 17 y-o high school stu- dent Avi Schiffmann found it Several research centers and migration news websites have “hard to get clear, concise and already begun asking how COVID-19 has, is and will impact accurate information” on migration and mobility: COVID-19 cases, he decided to COMPAS do something about it. Avi cre- A forum to facilitate brainstorming about what COVID-19 ated nCov2019, which scrapes means for our fast-moving world, from cross-border migra- data from BNO News, the CDC tion and racism to mobile work and the concept of ‘home’. and the WHO every minute to Migration Policy Institute provide country statistics. To combat COVID-19, governments have turned to migra- tion management tools. How might these policy changes World Economic Forum’s impact immigration systems in the long term? COVID-19 Mapping Center for Strategic & International Studies The map is a visual representa- Five ways that COVID-19 may impact global migration, long tion of how the key issues un- after health systems and the economy have bounced back. derpinning COVID-19 — includ- Info Migrants ing travel — interact and inter- sect. Updates on how migrants around the world are being affected by COVID-19,
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