Mobilizing Action for Women and Girls in West Africa December 7–9, 2015 a Carter Center Human Rights Defenders Forum Hosted by the National Chief Imam of Ghana
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Mobilizing Action for Women and Girls in West Africa December 7–9, 2015 A Carter Center Human Rights Defenders Forum Hosted by the National Chief Imam of Ghana Mobilizing Action for Women and Girls in West Africa December 7–9, 2015 A Carter Center Human Rights Defenders Forum Hosted by the National Chief Imam of Ghana One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 Fax (404) 420-5196 www.cartercenter.org Contents Acknowledgments..........................3 Working Group Report III Gender, Faith, and Conflict ................25 Executive Summary.........................4 Factors Contributing to the Rise Introduction ............................4 in Violent Extremism ....................25 The Life of the Girl Child .................5 What Can Be Done .....................27 Women’s Leadership .....................5 Poem: A Dream From the Future. 28 Gender and Faith in Conflict ...............5 Closing Remarks Commitments to Action ..................6 ..........................29 Poetry Competition ......................6 Conclusion ................................32 Opening Remarks ..........................7 The Girl Child .........................32 Women in Leadership ...................32 Keynote Address..........................12 Gender, Faith, and Conflict ...............32 Working Group Report I Our Commitment .......................33 Protecting and Developing the Girl Child ...16 Appendices ...............................34 Challenges to Moving From Rhetoric to Action ......................17 Appendix A: Core Participant Biographies ...34 What Can Be Done .....................18 Appendix B: Khalif’s Opening Remarks in Original French ......................51 Poem: A Girl Has Been Born ..............20 Working Group Report II Women in Leadership . .21 Challenges to Fostering Women’s Leadership ....................21 What Can Be Done .....................23 Poem: The “Every Woman” Me ............24 2 Acknowledgments This conversation would not have taken place new, we were able to execute a powerful event. The without the leadership provided by President and Human Rights Program staff, Danielle Taylor and Mrs. Carter, who together envision a world in which Karin Ryan, and consultant Melinda Holmes were women and girls are afforded the same opportunities, crucial to the actualization of this conference. We respect, and dignity as men and boys. Their efforts are deeply appreciative of George Akanza and all of have mobilized a movement in which actors from all the staff at the Mövenpick Ambassador Hotel Accra, segments of society are forced to examine their roles who ensured that all logistics were executed flawlessly in upholding structures that discriminate against and and every last-minute request was accommodated. harm women and girls and to take concrete steps to The forum would not have been possible without the produce change. generosity of many dedicated individual and institu- The Human Rights Program wishes to acknowl- tional donors committed to supporting human rights edge the outspoken support provided by some of West defenders worldwide. Africa’s most senior religious leaders, including Khalif Finally, while we certainly cannot thank everyone Sheikh Ahmed Tidiane Ibrahim Niasse, Bishop who contributed to this enormous effort, we would Matthew Hassan Kukah, and especially Sheikh Dr. like to especially mention those who contributed Osman Nuhu Sharubutu, the national chief imam of to the development of these conversations and the Ghana, whose kind and sincere invitation sparked sacrifices they made to ensure this was a meaningful this conversation and called many local religious event: Bolanle Makanju, Sita Ranchod-Nilsson, Naa leaders to action. Koteitsoo Afrasomanso I, Hafsat Abiola-Costello, This important regional conversation was post- Chinedum (ChiChi) Aniagolu-Okoye, Harriette poned twice due to extraordinary circumstances, Williams Bright, Usman Bugaje, Esther Ibanga, including the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic, which was Muhammad Nurudeen Lemu, Babacar Niang, and beyond the control of any individual or organization. Khuzaima Mohammed Osman. However, thanks to the dedicated efforts of the Carter Center staff and our incredible partners, both old and Danielle Taylor was responsible for writing this report. 3 Executive Summary Introduction communities to transform harmful social norms. The goal was to move beyond scholarship and rhetoric; The oppression and abuse of women and girls participants sought to develop a regional strategy for are recognized globally as a serious impediment academics, the media, civil society, and religious and to sustainable development and human security, traditional authorities to actively and concertedly contributing to the suffering of entire families and address violence and discrimination against women communities. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and girls. They paid special attention to the role that has often argued that the mistreatment of women religious and traditional leaders can and should play and girls is the number one human rights abuse of in this effort. our lifetime. He has blamed this abuse largely on the Of significance to participants from Nigeria, misinterpretation of holy texts, which relegate women Liberia, Sierra Leone, Niger, Senegal, and Ghana to secondary positions to men. was the role religious and traditional values can and In December 2015, The Carter Center joined should play in advancing peace and respect for every West African partner organizations and institutions human being. Given the high levels of religiosity in for a Human Rights Defenders Forum to explore the region — and religious and traditional leaders’ these issues in a regional context. Hosted in Accra, prominence at all levels of life — many participants Ghana, by the Office of the National Chief Imam of were distressed that this influence and reach have Ghana, the forum provided a space for actors from not been better employed by those seeking to diverse segments of society to exchange understand- improve respect for human rights. They expressed ings and resources on the abuse and oppression of understanding that although religion has been women and girls in the region as well as a means traditionally viewed as a driver of conflict, religious of countering narratives and interpretations of leaders have been involved in peace and human faith-based teachings that perpetuate inequality and rights work for years. They were eager to hear the gender-based violence. The forum promoted efforts testimonies of religious and traditional authorities on by regional and local organizations to mobilize their Ronald Borden Participants in the 2015 Human Rights Defenders Forum: Mobilizing Action for Women and Girls in West Africa 4 Mobilizing Action for Women and Girls in West Africa their attempts at addressing human rights violations societies’ security and advancement. In turning to against women and girls and to learn how they could the present, participants considered whether their support one another in addressing these challenges. current communities, families, and belief structures Three complementary focal areas were addressed are creating environments for women to achieve in panel discussions and working groups: socially greatness in all realms of life, including the political imposed limitations on the girl child, women’s access and spiritual. Leading women from across diverse to leadership positions, and the need to address the fields testified about the challenges to, and resources religious and gender dimensions of conflict preven- available for, empowering African women to lead the tion and resolution in the region. region toward sustainable and inclusive development and peace. The Life of the Girl Child As in other parts of the world, the girl child in West The duty falls on us to educate Africa faces inequality in many life opportunities, ranging from less access to education to the threat of our boys, so that they see early forced marriage. This ongoing gender inequality God in the eyes of every girl, has been attributed to families making the most of so that they understand that the realities of life in underdeveloped communities, traditional conceptions of the roles of women, and within her lie the keys to our religious misinterpretations of the capacity and rights collective progress. She has so of women. Poignant arguments were presented to negate these perceptions and promote understanding much to give our world, and of the spiritual and practical importance of opening we, men and the boys who opportunities for girls. Participants overwhelmingly agreed that ensuring the sustained respect for and will follow us into manhood, empowerment of women and girls required teaching must not block her path with and sensitizing boys to destructive social biases and physical, social, spiritual, or the true teachings of holy texts. If not, Dr. ChiChi Okoye noted, we will continue “raising 21st-century psychological violence. girls who end up marrying 18th-century boys.” — Jimmy Carter Women’s Leadership Participants highlighted the empirical data that Gender and Faith in Conflict demonstrates the value of women’s leadership and With increasing international focus on the violent active participation in all facets of society. Their tactics of nonstate actors across West Africa and the exclusion from decision-making spaces, especially in Sahel, discussions of inclusive governance, human deliberations on security, defense, violent extremism, security, and sustainable development