DOCSLIB.ORG

Custos Borealis: the Military in the Canadian North / Ken Eyre; Edited and with a Foreword and Afterword by P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Custos Borealis: the Military in the Canadian North / Ken Eyre; Edited and with a Foreword and Afterword by P CUSTOS BOREALIS The Military in the Canadian North, 1898-1975 Lackenbauer y P. Whitne y Kenneth C. Eyre Edited b CUSTOS BOREALIS © Kenneth C. Eyre and P. Whitney Lackenbauer, 2020 North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network c/o School for the Study of Canada Trent University Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted electronically, without prior written consent of the copyright holder or a copyright licensing agency. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Custos Borealis: The Military in the Canadian North / Ken Eyre; edited and with a foreword and afterword by P. Whitney Lackenbauer (NAADSN Monograph Series, no. 1) Issued in electronic and print formats ISBN: 978-1-989811-01-6 (e-book) 978-1-989811-00-9 (print) 1. Canada—Military—History. 2. Canada—Arctic—History—20th century. 3. Canada—Northern Development—History. 4. Canada—Sovereignty— History. 5. Canada, Northern—History. I. Eyre, Ken, author II. Lackenbauer, P. Whitney, author, editor. III. Title: Custos Borealis: The Military in the Canadian North IV. Series: NAADSN Monograph Series; no.1 Designer: P. Whitney Lackenbauer Cover Design: P. Whitney Lackenbauer Distributed by the North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network (NAADSN) CUSTOS BOREALIS The Military in the Canadian North, 1898-1975 Kenneth C. Eyre Edited with an Introduction and Afterword by P. Whitney Lackenbauer Foreword by BGen Patrick Carpentier Monograph Series 2020 This book is dedicated to the men and women of the Canadian Forces who have served in the North, and to the Northerners who have supported them. Contents FOREWORD by BGen Patrick Carpentier ............................................................ i KEN EYRE, CUSTOS BOREALIS, AND THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE CANADIAN NORTH by P. Whitney Lackenbauer .................................. v Editor’s Note .......................................................................................... xxxv Kenneth Charles Eyre: A Biographical Profile ............................... xxxviii CUSTOS BOREALIS by Ken Eyre PREFACE ................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 5 2. FALSE START: The Yukon Field Force: 1898-1900 .................................... 15 3. HIATUS: The Empty Years: 1900-1922 ......................................................... 31 4. NATION BUILDING I: The Interwar Years 1922-1939 ............................. 37 5. OPENING THE NORTH: Northern Military Projects during the Second World War ............................................................................................................. 65 6. THE DEFENCE OF A STRATEGIC FRONTIER: The Aerial Defence of North America ..................................................................................................... 103 7. NORTHERN APPROACHES: The Defence of Northern Lands ............. 121 8. THE OTHER OCEAN: Naval Operations in the North ............................ 145 9. NATION BUILDING II: The Postwar Years: 1945-1964 .......................... 165 10. RESURGENCE: The Military in the Contemporary North .................... 201 11. CONCLUSION: The Land of Tomorrow .................................................. 229 AFTERWORD ..................................................................................................... 239 THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES AND THE NORTH SINCE 1975: A BRIEF SURVEY by P. Whitney Lackenbauer .................................................. 239 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY by Ken Eyre ..................................................... 287 FURTHER READING by P. Whitney Lackenbauer ....................................... 295 INDEX .................................................................................................................. 316 List of Maps ii Joint Task Force (North) Area of Responsibility. Joint Task Force (North) iii Joint Task Force (North) Area of Responsibility overlaid on a map of the Continental United States. Joint Task Force (North) 4 The Canadian North. Ken Eyre 7 Canadian Northern communities. Ken Eyre 14 Route of the Yukon Field Force. Ken Eyre 36 Trading Posts, Royal Canadian Mounted Police Posts, and Missions, 1921. Diamond Jenness, Eskimo Administration: II. Canada (Montreal: Arctic Institute of North America, 1964) 47 Chart Indicating Routes and Special Patrols, Hudson Strait Expedition, 1927-1928. N.B. McLean, Report of the Hudson Strait Expedition 1927-28 (Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1929) 53 Northwest Territories & Yukon Radio System Locations, 1923-1939. Ken Eyre 68 Joint Military Projects, 1943. Shelagh Grant, Sovereignty or Security? (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1988) 94 Air Ferry Routes to Britain, 1941-45. Grant, Sovereignty or Security? 106 North Polar Projection. Ken Eyre 112 Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line System. Federal Electric Corporation map reproduced from Matthew Farish, “Frontier Engineering: From the Globe to the Body in the Cold War Arctic,” Canadian Geographer 50:2 (2006) 123 Northern Military Exercises, 1944-1946. Ken Eyre 128 Exercise Musk-Ox, 15 February-6 May 1946. Canadian Army map reproduced in C.S. Beals and D.A. Shenstone, eds., Science, History and Hudson Bay, vol.2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1968). 150 Northwest Passage Transit, HMCS Labrador, 23 July-20 September 1954. Leeming, “HMCS Labrador and the Canadian Arctic” in RCN in Retrospect, ed. James A. Boutilier (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1982) 153 Eastern Arctic Operations, HMCS Labrador, July-October 1956. J.M. Leeming, “HMCS Labrador and the Canadian Arctic” 163 U.S. submarine paths in the Arctic, 1958-79. Waldo Lyon Papers, US Navy History and Heritage Command Archives, reproduced in Adam Lajeunesse, Lock, Stock and Icebergs: A History of Canada’s Arctic Maritime Sovereignty (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2016), 228. 168 Northwest Territories & Yukon Radio System Locations, 1940-1963. Ken Eyre 175 The Alaska Highway. Ken Coates, North to Alaska (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1992) 184 Joint Arctic Weather Stations (JAWS). Jennifer Arthur-Lackenbauer 200 Northern Region. Jennifer Arthur-Lackenbauer 207 Route of the SS Manhattan, 1969. Jennifer Arthur-Lackenbauer 246 Canada’s Arctic Islands and Mainland Baselines. Canadian Hydrographic Service, Chart M-400 (March 2000) Acronyms AEPS Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme ANPF Arctic and Northern Policy Framework AOPS Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships AOR area of responsibility ASW anti-submarine warfare ATB Advisory Technical Board BGen Brigadier General CADIZ Canadian Air Defence Identification Zones CAF Canadian Armed Forces Canol Canadian Oil CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CCGS Canadian Coast Guard Ship CDS Chief of the Defence Staff CE Common Era CF Canadian Forces CFNA Canadian Forces Northern Area CIRNAC Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada CJOC Canadian Joint Operations Command CRPG Canadian Ranger Patrol Group CSIS Canadian Security Intelligence Service DCASS Documents on Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security DEW Line Distant Early Warning Line DFAIT Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade DHH Directorate of History and Heritage DIAND Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development DIS Directorate of Information Services DM Deputy Minister DND Department of National Defence (Canada) DoD Department of Defense (United States) DoT Department of Transport DPW Department of Public Works Acronyms DRB Defence Research Board DRDC Defense Research and Development Canada FOL Forward Operating Location HMCS His / Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship HME Highway Maintenance Establishment HMS His / Her Majesty’s Ship ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile IMO International Maritime Organization JAWS Joint Arctic Weather Stations JTFN Joint Task Force (North) LAC Library and Archives Canada LORAN Long Range Aid to Navigation LCol Lieutenant Colonel Lt Lieutenant MP Member of Parliament NARA National Archives and Records Administration NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NDHQ National Defence Headquarters NESP Northern Employment Support Plan NORAD North American Air/Aerospace Defense Command NORPAT Northern Patrol (air) NORPLOY Northern Deployment (maritime) NRHQ Northern Region Headquarters NSC National Security Council NWHS Northwest Highway System NWS North Warning System NWSR Northwest Staging Route NWT Northwest Territories NWT & YRS Northwest Territories and Yukon Radio System OGD other government department OGDAs other government departments and agencies PAME Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment PCMR Pacific Coast Militia Rangers PJBD Permanent Joint Board on Defence PPC Lester B. Pearson Canadian International Peacekeeping Centre Acronyms PSEPC Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada RC Sigs Royal Canadian Corps of Signals RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force RCCS Royal Canadian Corps of Signals RCE Royal Canadian Engineers RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCN Royal Canadian Navy RG Record Group RN Royal Navy RNWMP Royal North-West Mounted Police SAC Strategic Air Command SAR search and rescue SCEAND Subcommittee on Maritime Defence of the Standing Committee on External Affairs and National Defence Shoran short-range navigation SLBM submarine-launched ballistic missile SSBN nuclear-power, ballistic-missile carrying submarine SSE Strong, Secure, Engaged - Canada’s June 2017
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Public Law 161 CHAPTER 368 Be It Enacted Hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the ^^"'^'/Or^ C ^ United States Of
    324 PUBLIC LAW 161-JULY 15, 1955 [69 STAT. Public Law 161 CHAPTER 368 July 15.1955 AN ACT THa R 68291 *• * To authorize certain construction at inilitai-y, naval, and Air F<n"ce installations, and for otlier purposes. Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the an^^"'^'/ord Air Forc^e conc^> United States of America in Congress assembled^ struction TITLE I ^'"^" SEC. 101. The Secretary of the Army is authorized to establish or develop military installations and facilities by the acquisition, con­ struction, conversion, rehabilitation, or installation of permanent or temporary public works in respect of the following projects, which include site preparation, appurtenances, and related utilities and equipment: CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES TECHNICAL SERVICES FACILITIES (Ordnance Corps) Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Troop housing, community facilities, utilities, and family housing, $1,736,000. Black Hills Ordnance Depot, South Dakota: Family housing, $1,428,000. Blue Grass Ordnance Depot, Kentucky: Operational and mainte­ nance facilities, $509,000. Erie Ordnance Depot, Ohio: Operational and maintenance facilities and utilities, $1,933,000. Frankford Arsenal, Pennsylvania: Utilities, $855,000. LOrdstown Ordnance Depot, Ohio: Operational and maintenance facilities, $875,000. Pueblo Ordnance Depot, (^olorado: Operational and maintenance facilities, $1,843,000. Ked River Arsenal, Texas: Operational and maintenance facilities, $140,000. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama: Research and development facilities and community facilities, $2,865,000. E(.>ck Island Arsenal, Illinois: Operational and maintenance facil­ ities, $347,000. Rossford Ordnance Depot, Ohio: Utilities, $400,000. Savanna Ordnance Depot, Illinois: Operational and maintenance facilities, $342,000. Seneca Ordnance Depot, New York: Community facilities, $129,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Iqaluit's Sustainable Subdivision
    Iqaluit’s Sustainable Subdivision This example illustrates the benefits of collaboration between municipal governments and the scientific community. Building Iqaluit’s climate Iqaluit is the capital city of Canada’s newest territory, Nunavut. This Arctic city has change resiliency will require a relatively low mean annual temperature of minus 10ºC. Although the region careful evaluation of how the has experienced changes in snow and sea ice conditions and weather variability community currently deals with in recent years, air temperatures have not yet changed appreciably. Climate climate and environmental models project that temperatures will be 1.5 - 4ºC warmer by the 2050s, which hazards, and whether these will lead to even more significant changes to the land and the sea. In addition, it mechanisms will be adequate is projected that average annual precipitation may increase by up to 15 per cent. in the future. A small city by Canadian standards, Iqaluit is developing fast. In 2001, the population was just over 5,000, a 24 per cent increase from 1996. By 2022, CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS BY THE INUIT Inuit from Iqaluit have reported a range of changes in local climate and environmental conditions: • Snowfall amounts and accumulation are declining, and changes in the characteristics of snow have been noted • Permanent snow patches, an important source of drinking water for hunters and travellers, are disappearing • Wind is increasingly variable and unpredictable • Sea ice is thinner, forms later, and melts earlier and faster in spring Collectively, these changes have significantly affected the productivity, timing, and safety of traditional hunting and other land-based activities, which are integral to Inuit identity, health and well-being.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Regions Regulations Règlement Sur Les Régions R-108-98 Fauniques R-108-98
    WILDLIFE ACT LOI SUR LA FAUNE WILDLIFE REGIONS REGULATIONS RÈGLEMENT SUR LES RÉGIONS R-108-98 FAUNIQUES R-108-98 INCLUDING AMENDMENTS MADE BY MODIFIÉ PAR R-075-99 (CIF 31/08/99) R-075-99 (EEV 1999-08-31) This consolidation is not an official statement of the La présente codification administrative ne constitue pas law. It is an office consolidation prepared by le texte officiel de la loi; elle n'est établie qu'à titre Legislation Division, Department of Justice, for documentaire par les Affaires législatives du ministère convenience of reference only. The authoritative text de la Justice. Seuls les règlements contenus dans les of regulations can be ascertained from the Revised Règlements révisés des Territoires du Nord-Ouest Regulations of the Northwest Territories, 1990 and the (1990) et dans les parutions mensuelles de la Partie II monthly publication of Part II of the Northwest de la Gazette des Territoires du Nord-Ouest ont force Territories Gazette. de loi. Copies of this consolidation and other Government of On peut également obtenir des copies de la présente the Northwest Territories publications can be obtained codification et d'autres publications du gouvernement at the following address: des Territoires du Nord-Ouest en communiquant avec : Canarctic Graphics Canarctic Graphics 5102-50th Street 5102, 50e Rue P.O. Box 2758 C.P. 2758 Yellowknife NT X1A 2R1 Yellowknife NT X1A 2R1 Telephone: (867) 873-5924 Téléphone : (867) 873-5924 Fax: (867) 920-4371 Télécopieur : (867) 920-4371 WILDLIFE ACT LOI SUR LA FAUNE WILDLIFE REGIONS RÈGLEMENT SUR LES RÉGIONS REGULATIONS FAUNIQUES The Commissioner, on the recommendation of the Le commissaire, sur la recommendation du Minister, under section 98 of the Wildlife Act and every ministre, en vertu de l’article 98 de la Loi sur la faune enabling power, makes the Wildlife Regions et de tout pouvoir habilitant, prend le Règlement sur les Regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside This Issue from All Comers—Our Friends Included
    May—June 2012 Volume 72, Number 3 SITREPT HE J OURNAL OF T HE R OYAL C ANADIAN M ILI TARY I NS T I T U T E Melbourne F Mackley archive/ ancestry.com —MELBOURNE F MACKLEY ARCHIVE/ANCESTRY.COM Defending Arctic sovereignty Inside this Issue from all comers—our friends included. The opening of the Can NATO Continue to be the Most Successful Alaska Highway on November Military Alliance in History? Yes it can! .................................................................................3 21, 1942, and a National Film Northern Sovereignty In World War II ...................................................................................5 Board photo—approved for The State of the World: A Framework ..................................................................................10 publication by US military Spent Nuclear Fuel:A National Security and authorities! Environmental Migraine Headache .......................................................................................12 Book Review: Dan Bjarnason, “Triumph at Kapyong: Canada’s Pivotal Battle in Korea” ..14 Turco-Syrian Border could become a flashpoint for NATO .................................................16 From the Editor’s Desk Can NATO Continue to be the Most Successful Military Alliance in History? Yes it can! he impact of the latest federal budget is beginning to be felt throughout the government and across the nation. by Sarwar Kashmeri The exact nature of reductions in the size and capabilities Royal Canadian Military Institute Tacross all departments and agencies has yet to be determined. Founded 1890 nce the world’s most formidable military alliance, assigned to ISAF have suffered numerous casualties because Clearly from a defence and security perspective short-term cuts Patron today’s NATO is a shadow of what it used to be. Its other contingents could not support them. This casualty count to address the deficit need to be examined in the long term.
    [Show full text]
  • Frederick J. Krabbé, Last Man to See HMS Investigator Afloat, May 1854
    The Journal of the Hakluyt Society January 2017 Frederick J. Krabbé, last man to see HMS Investigator afloat, May 1854 William Barr1 and Glenn M. Stein2 Abstract Having ‘served his apprenticeship’ as Second Master on board HMS Assistance during Captain Horatio Austin’s expedition in search of the missing Franklin expedition in 1850–51, whereby he had made two quite impressive sledge trips, in the spring of 1852 Frederick John Krabbé was selected by Captain Leopold McClintock to serve under him as Master (navigation officer) on board the steam tender HMS Intrepid, part of Captain Sir Edward Belcher’s squadron, again searching for the Franklin expedition. After two winterings, the second off Cape Cockburn, southwest Bathurst Island, Krabbé was chosen by Captain Henry Kellett to lead a sledging party west to Mercy Bay, Banks Island, to check on the condition of HMS Investigator, abandoned by Commander Robert M’Clure, his officers and men, in the previous spring. Krabbé executed these orders and was thus the last person to see Investigator afloat. Since, following Belcher’s orders, Kellett had abandoned HMS Resolute and Intrepid, rather than their return journey ending near Cape Cockburn, Krabbé and his men had to continue for a further 140 nautical miles (260 km) to Beechey Island. This made the total length of their sledge trip 863½ nautical miles (1589 km), one of the longest man- hauled sledge trips in the history of the Arctic. Introduction On 22 July 2010 a party from the underwater archaeology division of Parks Canada flew into Mercy Bay in Aulavik National Park, on Banks Island, Northwest Territories – its mission to try to locate HMS Investigator, abandoned here by Commander Robert McClure in 1853.3 Two days later underwater archaeologists Ryan Harris and Jonathan Moore took to the water in a Zodiac to search the bay, towing a side-scan sonar towfish.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Lineages, Volume 4: Operational Flying Squadrons
    A-AD-267-000/AF-004 THE INSIGNIA AND LINEAGES OF THE CANADIAN FORCES Volume 4 OPERATIONAL FLYING SQUADRONS LES INSIGNES ET LIGNÉES DES FORCES CANADIENNES Tome 4 ESCADRONS AÉRIENS OPÉRATIONNELS A CANADIAN FORCES HERITAGE PUBLICATION UNE PUBLICATION DU PATRIMOINE DES FORCES CANADIENNES National Défense A-AD-267-000/AF-004 Defence nationale THE INSIGNIA AND LINEAGES OF THE CANADIAN FORCES VOLUME 4 - OPERATIONAL FLYING SQUADRONS (BILINGUAL) (Supersedes A-AD-267-000/AF-000 dated 1975-09-23) LES INSIGNES ET LIGNÉES DES FORCES CANADIENNES TOME 4 - ESCADRONS AÉRIENS OPÉRATIONNEL (BILINGUE) (Remplace l’ A-AD-267-000/AF-000 datée 1975-09-23) Issued on Authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff Publiée avec l'autorisation du Chef de l'état-major de la Défense OPI: DHH BPR : DHP 2000-04-05 A-AD-267-000/AF-004 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES ÉTAT DES PAGES EN VIGUEUR Insert latest changed pages, dispose of superseded Insérer les pages le plus récemment modifiées et pages with applicable orders. disposer de celles qu'elles remplacent conformément aux instructions applicables. NOTE NOTA The portion of the text affected by the latest La partie du texte touchée par le plus récent change is indicated by a black vertical line in the modificatif est indiquée par une ligne verticale margin of the page. Changes to illustrations are dans la marge. Les modifications aux illustrations indicated by miniature pointing hands or black sont indiquées par des mains miniatures à l'index vertical lines. pointé ou des lignes verticales noires. Dates of issue for original and changes pages are: Les dates de publication pour les pages originales et les pages modifiées sont : Original/page originale ............0 .........
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Rangers: a “Postmodern” Militia That Works
    DND photo 8977 THE GREAT WHITE NORTH THE GREAT Canadian Rangers travel by snowmobile in the winter and all terrain vehicles in the summer. Road access is limited in many areas and non-existent in others. THE CANADIAN RANGERS: A “POSTMODERN” MILITIA THAT WORKS by P. Whitney Lackenbauer The Centre of Gravity for CFNA is our positive While commentators typically cast the Canadian relationship with the aboriginal peoples of the North, Rangers as an arctic force – a stereotype perpetuated in this all levels of government in the three territories, and article – they are more accurately situated around the fringes all other government agencies and non-governmental of the country. Their official role since 1947 has been “to organizations operating North of 60. Without the provide a military presence in those sparsely settled northern, support, confidence, and strong working relationships coastal and isolated areas of Canada which cannot with these peoples and agencies, CFNA would be conveniently or economically be provided by other components unable to carry out many of its assigned tasks. of the Canadian Forces.” They are often described as the military’s “eyes and ears” in remote regions. The Rangers – Colonel Kevin McLeod, also represent an important success story for the Canadian former Commander Canadian Forces Forces as a flexible, inexpensive, and culturally inclusive Northern Area1 means of “showing the flag” and asserting Canadian sovereignty while fulfilling vital operational requirements. anada’s vast northern expanse and extensive They often represent the only CF presence in some of the coastlines have represented a significant least populated parts of the country, and serve as a bridge security and sovereignty dilemma since between cultures and between the civilian and military realms.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Canadian Air Force's Managed Readiness Plan
    Royal Canadian Air Force’s Managed Readiness Plan Major Marc-André La Haye JCSP 47 PCEMI 47 Master of Defence Studies Maîtrise en études de la défense Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs et not represent Department of National Defence or ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère de Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le Minister of National Defence, 2021. ministre de la Défense nationale, 2021. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 47 – PCEMI 47 2020 – 2021 MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES – MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DE LA DÉFENSE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE MANAGED READINESS PLAN By Major M.A.J.Y. La Haye “This paper was written by a candidate « La présente étude a été rédigée par un attending the Canadian Forces College in stagiaire du Collège des Forces canadiennes fulfilment of one of the requirements of the pour satisfaire à l'une des exigences du Course of Studies. The paper is a cours. L'étude est un document qui se scholastic document, and thus contains rapporte au cours et contient donc des faits facts and opinions which the author alone et des opinions que seul l'auteur considère considered appropriate and correct for appropriés et convenables au sujet. Elle ne the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Étude De Huit Projets De Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Leblanc Architectes Pour
    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL FIBRE ARCTIQUE: ÉTUDE DE HUIT PROJETS DE PAPINEAU GÉRIN-LAJOIE LEBLANC ARCHITECTES POUR LE NUNAVIK ET LE NUNAVUT (1968-1993) MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE À LA MAÎTRISE EN DESIGN DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT PAR FAYZA MAZOUZ OCTOBRE 2019 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 – Rév.07-2011). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l’article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l’auteur] concède à l’Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d’utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l’auteur] autorise l’Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l’Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n’entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l’auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l’auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire.» b p .n ,. -,"'D L. .n 1 'U I' c- .,_""'V ::>p r L, n -:, .,_ n n -l b r :r: m p V C .n z V,.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Canadians in the Air, 1914–1919, 1939–1945
    Canadians in the Air, 1914–1919, 1939–1945 Paul Goranson Anchoring the Kite cwm 19710261-3180 Beaverbrook Collection of War Art Canadian War Museum warmuseum.ca/learn Canadians in the Air 1 Canadians in the Air, 1914–1919, 1939–1945 Introduction Large-scale military aviation began with the First World War, not long after the 1909 flight of the Silver Dart marked the start of aviation in Canada. As no Canadian Air Force yet existed, thousands of Canadians fought the First World War in British flying units. Canadians first served with the Royal Flying Corps (rfc) or with the Royal Naval Air Service (rnas). These two services amalgamated on 1 April 1918 into the Royal Air Force (raf). In total, an estimated 13,000–22,000 individuals from Canada joined the British flying services. In 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force (rcaf) was created. With the outbreak of war in September 1939, the rcaf was able to draw on an existing cadre of officers and airmen and also attracted experienced personnel from private enterprise. By 1945, close to 250,000 men and women had served in the rcaf at home and abroad. This guide will illustrate the process of researching an individual’s service, from the essential starting point of service documents to supporting resources for detail and further discovery. Helpful hint See lac’s Military Abbreviations used in Service Files page. warmuseum.ca/learn Canadians in the Air 2 Photo album of Flight Lieutenant William Burt Bickell, Royal Air Force cwm 19850379-001_p14 George Metcalf Archival Collection Canadian War Museum First World War, 1914–1919 While some recruitment and training were done Royal Flying Corps: For airmen who died or were in Canada, the flying services were British in discharged before 1 April 1918, their service records organization, administration, and operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ombudsman Report: Canadian Rangers
    OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND CANADIAN FORCES OMBUDSMAN REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE | SEPTEMBER 2017 CANADIAN RANGERS A SYSTEMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS THAT IMPACT HEALTH CARE ENTITLEMENTS AND RELATED BENEFITS OF THE RANGERS CONTACT US ONLINE: WWW.OMBUDSMAN.FORCES.GC.CA SECURE ONLINE COMPLAINT FORM: WWW3.OMBUDSMAN.FORCES.GC.CA/OCF_E.PHP TELEPHONE: 1-888-828-3626 MAIL: OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE AND THE CANADIAN FORCES 100 METCALFE STREET, 12TH FLOOR OTTAWA, ONTARIO CANADA K1P 5M1 E-MAIL: [email protected] (NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ONLY) TWITTER: @DNDCF_OMBUDSMAN FACEBOOK: WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DNDCFOMBUDSMAN TABLE OF CONTENTS OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 MANDATE 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 SUMMARY OF IMPACT ON CONSTITUENTS 6 SECTION I—CONTEXT 9 SECTION II—INTRODUCTION 11 SECTION III—FINDINGS 22 RECOMMENDATIONS 23 CONCLUSION 24 APPENDIX A—ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE CANADIAN RANGERS 27 APPENDIX B—MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN RANGER ORGANIZATION 28 APPENDIX C—INVESTIGATIVE METHODOLOGY 29 APPENDIX D—THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES IN CANADA 30 APPENDIX E—RANGER-RELATED POLICIES AND DIRECTIVES 31 APPENDIX F—RESPONSE FROM THE MINISTER PAGE 2 OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS MANDATE OMBUDSMAN MANDATE The Office of the Department of National Defence Any of the following people may bring a complaint and Canadian Armed Forces Ombudsman was to the Ombudsman when the matter is directly created in 1998 by Order-in-Council to increase related to the Department of National Defence transparency in the Department of National or the Canadian Armed Forces: Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, as · a current or former member of the Canadian well as to ensure the fair treatment of concerns Armed Forces raised by Canadian Armed Forces members, Departmental employees, and their families.
    [Show full text]
  • Canarc Resource Corp. Hard Cash Project Summary
    CANARC RESOURCE CORP. T: 604.685.9700 www.canarc.net Suite 810 – 625 Howe Street F: 604.685.9744 CCM: TSX Vancouver, BC V6C 2T6 TF: 1.877.684.9700 CRCUF: OTCQX Canarc Resource Corp. Hard Cash Project Summary Canarc Resource Corp. ( Canarc ) is a Vancouver based gold exploration company with a number of projects in Nevada and British Columbia as well as the Hard Cash and Nigel properties in Nunavut. The Hard Cash property, consisting of Claims RLN 3-4 (K14329-30) covering 2,090 hectares on Crown Land, is located in the Ennadai Greenstone Belt in SW Nunavut on the shores of Ennadai Lake. The property is 405 km from Arviat, Nunavut, 310 km NE of Stony Rapids, Saskatchewan and is accessible by float plane or helicopter. There is an all-weather gravel airstrip at Ennadai Lake Lodge which is owned by Arctic Haven, 22 kms southwest of the property. Mineralization on the property was previously discovered by Don Cameron in 1946 at the Swamp Showing. The showing was staked and 9 shallow holes were drilled and several blast trenches excavated at the northern end of the Swamp Showing near Ennadai Lake. Giant Yellowknife Mines acquired the property in 1981 and took a claim to lease. Phelps Dodge optioned the lease and staked the surrounding area in 1995 and conducted surface exploration from 1995 to 1997. The claims were allowed to lapse and were re-staked by Panarc Resources in January 2011. In 2012, Panarc conducted prospecting and geological mapping focused on the Swamp Showing. The claims were subsequently sold to Silver Range Resources Ltd.
    [Show full text]