EXPERIENCES 2021 Table of Contents
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Module 10: the Cold
i2P • AP Module 10 • The Cold War The Cold War Module 10 - Akshayuk Pass Expedition Resolute Bay, 1953 – shortly after the Inuit from Inukjuaq and Pond Inlet were relocated. “The experiment we are making this year is to transfer a few families from Port Harrison and Pond Inlet to Resolute Bay on Cornwallis Is- land and Craig Harbor and Cape Herschel, on Ellesmere Island. The primary object is to find out how Eskimos from overpopulated southern areas can adapt themselves to conditions in the high Arctic where there is at present no Eskimo population.” - Acting Deputy Minister, Department of Resources and Development, Government of Canada, August 1953. i2P • Akshayuk Pass Education Resource 1 i2P • AP Module 10 • The Cold War TERRA INCOGNITA As the i2P expedition team treks through the Akshayuk Pass, the question should be asked, “Whose land are we on?” The answer, however, is not as straightforward as one might imagine. When you look at a standard world map, all the land on the globe is allotted one color or another, and each colored area of land has a name assigned to it – which indicates the country that governs that land. There are no tracts of land on the map that are not col- ored and do not belong to an assigned country. This was not always so. In fact for some people the thought that land could be owned was completely foreign. As we learned in module 4, human beings spread around the world from an original base in Africa. As they migrated and settled, they earned their livelihood from the land, either by hunting, fishing and gathering food, or by growing livestock and crops. -
Of the Inuit Bowhead Knowledge Study Nunavut, Canada
english cover 11/14/01 1:13 PM Page 1 FINAL REPORT OF THE INUIT BOWHEAD KNOWLEDGE STUDY NUNAVUT, CANADA By Inuit Study Participants from: Arctic Bay, Arviat, Cape Dorset, Chesterfield Inlet, Clyde River, Coral Harbour, Grise Fiord, Hall Beach, Igloolik, Iqaluit, Kimmirut, Kugaaruk, Pangnirtung, Pond Inlet, Qikiqtarjuaq, Rankin Inlet, Repulse Bay, and Whale Cove Principal Researchers: Keith Hay (Study Coordinator) and Members of the Inuit Bowhead Knowledge Study Committee: David Aglukark (Chairperson), David Igutsaq, MARCH, 2000 Joannie Ikkidluak, Meeka Mike FINAL REPORT OF THE INUIT BOWHEAD KNOWLEDGE STUDY NUNAVUT, CANADA By Inuit Study Participants from: Arctic Bay, Arviat, Cape Dorset, Chesterfield Inlet, Clyde River, Coral Harbour, Grise Fiord, Hall Beach, Igloolik, Iqaluit, Kimmirut, Kugaaruk, Pangnirtung, Pond Inlet, Qikiqtarjuaq, Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Wildlife Management Board Repulse Bay, and Whale Cove PO Box 1379 Principal Researchers: Iqaluit, Nunavut Keith Hay (Study Coordinator) and X0A 0H0 Members of the Inuit Bowhead Knowledge Study Committee: David Aglukark (Chairperson), David Igutsaq, MARCH, 2000 Joannie Ikkidluak, Meeka Mike Cover photo: Glenn Williams/Ursus Illustration on cover, inside of cover, title page, dedication page, and used as a report motif: “Arvanniaqtut (Whale Hunters)”, sc 1986, Simeonie Kopapik, Cape Dorset Print Collection. ©Nunavut Wildlife Management Board March, 2000 Table of Contents I LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES . .i II DEDICATION . .ii III ABSTRACT . .iii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY . .1 1.2 TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE . .1 2 METHODOLOGY 3 2.1 PLANNING AND DESIGN . .3 2.2 THE STUDY AREA . .4 2.3 INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES AND THE QUESTIONNAIRE . .4 2.4 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS . -
Victoria's Arctic Fashion Life in Antarctica Racing to Kimmirut
ISSUE 04 Racing to Kimmirut How to Stay Safe and Have Fun on Off-Road Vehicles Life in Antarctica COMIC PREPARING SKINS Victoria’s Arctic Nunavut Fashion Prospectors Takuttalirilli! Editors and Dorothy Milne Jordan Hoffman consultants Pascale Baillargeon Reena Qulitalik Dana Hopkins Caleb MacDonald Emma Renda Designer Larissa MacDonald Rachel Michael Jessie Hale Yulia Mychkina Maren Vsetula Denise Petipas Heather Main Julien Lagarde Nadia Mike Contributors Amanda Sandland Emma Renda Nancy Goupil Ibi Kaslik Dana Hopkins Laura Edlund Alexander Hoffman Department of Education, Government of Nunavut PO Box 1000, Station 960, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0 Design and layout copyright © 2018 Inhabit Education Text copyright © Inhabit Education Images: © Inhabit Media, front cover • © Kingulliit Productions, pages 2–3 • © Alexander Hoffman, pages 4–7 • © Chipmunk131/shutterstock.com, page 8 • © Alfa Photostudio/shutterstock.com, page 9 • © JAYANNPO/shutterstock.com, page 10 • © imageBROKER/alamy.com, page10 • © Rawpixel.com/shutterstock.com, page 11 • © Peyker/shutterstock.com, page 12 • © Department of Family and Services, Government of Nunavut, page 12 • © Everett Historical/shutterstock.com, page 13 • © Mike Beauregard/wikimedia.org, page 14 • © NASA, page 15 • © Sebastian Voortman/pexels.com, page 16 • © Davidee Qaumariaq, page 16 • © CHIARI VFX/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © nobeastsofierce/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © Kateryna Kon/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © Iasha/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © Triff/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © Vitaly Korovin/shutterstock.com, page 18 • © Dcrjsr/wikimedia.org, page 20 • © Madlen/shutterstock.com, page 20 • © Olga Strakhova/shutterstock.com, page 20 • © Department of Health, Government of Nunavut, page 21 • © Amanda Sandland, pages 22–25 • © Suzanne Tucker/shutterstock.com, page 26 • © Jenson_P/wikimedia.org, page 28 • © Nowik Sylwia/shutterstock.com, page 29 • © Sherilyn Sewoee, page 31 • © Victoria Kakuktinniq, pages 32–33 • © Toma Feizo Gas, pages 34–40. -
Press Release Neas Awarded New Exclusive Carrier Contracts for Nunavut
PRESS RELEASE NEAS AWARDED NEW EXCLUSIVE CARRIER CONTRACTS FOR NUNAVUT - New for 2019: NEAS is now the Government of Nunavut’s (GN) dedicated carrier for Iqaluit, Cape Dorset, Kimmirut, Pangnirtung, Arctic Bay, Qikiqtarjuaq, Clyde River, Grise Fiord, Pond Inlet, Resolute Bay, Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Rankin Inlet, Whale Cove, Arviat, Coral Harbour, Kugaaruk, Sanikiluaq, and the Churchill, MB, to Kivalliq service. - Another arctic sealift first for 2019: Kugaaruk customers can now reserve direct with NEAS for the Valleyfield to Kugaaruk service, with no need to reserve through the GN; - “The team at NEAS is thankful for the Government of Nunavut’s vote of confidence in our reliable arctic sealift operations,” said Suzanne Paquin, President and CEO, NEAS Group. “We look forward to delivering our customer service excellence and a better overall customer sealift experience for all peoples, communities, government departments and agencies, stores, construction projects, mines, defence contractors and businesses across Canada’s Eastern and Western Arctic.” IQALUIT, NU, April 25, 2019 – The 2019 Arctic sealift season is underway, and the team of dedicated professionals at the NEAS Group is ready to help you enjoy the most reliable sealift services available across Canada’s Eastern and Western Arctic. New this season, NEAS is pleased to have been awarded the exclusive carrier contracts for the Government of Nunavut including Iqaluit and now Cape Dorset, Kimmirut, Pangnirtung, Arctic Bay, Qikiqtarjuaq, Clyde River, Grise Fiord, Pond Inlet, Resolute Bay, Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Rankin Inlet, Whale Cove, Arviat, Coral Harbour, Kugaaruk, Sanikiluaq, and the Churchill, MB, to Kivalliq service. No matter where you are across the Canadian Arctic, the NEAS team of dedicated employees and our modern fleet of Inuit-owned Canadian flag vessels is ready to deliver a superior sealift experience for you. -
Final Report for Sy Hetairos Expedition in the Northwest Passage Permit 2016-15A
FINAL REPORT FOR SY HETAIROS EXPEDITION IN THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE PERMIT 2016-15A DATES OF TRIP: 8TH OF AUGUST 2016 TO 2ND OF SEPTEMBER 2016 AUTHOR OF REPORT: CECILIA VANMAN, EXPEDITION LEADER WITH EYOS EXPEDITIONS PERMIT NUMBER: 2016-15A Executive summary: EYOS ExpeDitions proviDeD guiDing services During a crossing of the Northwest Passage in Canada aboarD the private sailing yacht HETAIROS During 8th of August through to the 2nD of September, when the vessel was in the Nunavut region. UnDer Nunavut Archaeology Permit 2016-15A lanDings were authorizeD at: 1. Beechey IslanD, NorthumberlanD House, Devon IslanD 2. Beechey IslanD, Franklin ExpeDition Camp anD Graves, Devon IslanD 3. Fort Ross, Somerset IslanD, HBC Trading Post 4. Caswall Tower, Thule Site, Devon IslanD 5. DunDas Harbour, Morin Point, Devon IslanD (RCPM Detachment anD Thule site) Alternates: Port LeopolD, HBC Post anD Whaler’s grave As the permit holDer, Cecilia Vanman acteD as ExpeDition Leader for this private journey anD was hireD through Eyos ExpeDition for the SY HETAIROS Northwest Passage sail. Cecilia Vanman briefeD all guests on site visitation protocols prior to lanDings anD she is proviDing the information for this report. For all zoDiac lanDings we were no more than 10 people anD all regulations anD recommenDeD Distances anD protocols were uphelD During site visits. Cecilia Vanman monitoreD all people movements During site visits as the group was consiDereD relatively small. SITE VISITATIONS 1. Beechey IslanD, NorthumberlanD House, Devon IslanD 2. Beechey IslanD, Franklin ExpeDition Camp anD Graves, Devon IslanD 3. Fort Ross, Somerset IslanD, HBC Trading Post 4. DunDas Harbour, Morin Point, Devon IslanD (RCPM Detachment anD Thule site) Please see attacheD PDF maps of lanDings anD walking routes on sites. -
Iqaluit's Sustainable Subdivision
Iqaluit’s Sustainable Subdivision This example illustrates the benefits of collaboration between municipal governments and the scientific community. Building Iqaluit’s climate Iqaluit is the capital city of Canada’s newest territory, Nunavut. This Arctic city has change resiliency will require a relatively low mean annual temperature of minus 10ºC. Although the region careful evaluation of how the has experienced changes in snow and sea ice conditions and weather variability community currently deals with in recent years, air temperatures have not yet changed appreciably. Climate climate and environmental models project that temperatures will be 1.5 - 4ºC warmer by the 2050s, which hazards, and whether these will lead to even more significant changes to the land and the sea. In addition, it mechanisms will be adequate is projected that average annual precipitation may increase by up to 15 per cent. in the future. A small city by Canadian standards, Iqaluit is developing fast. In 2001, the population was just over 5,000, a 24 per cent increase from 1996. By 2022, CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS BY THE INUIT Inuit from Iqaluit have reported a range of changes in local climate and environmental conditions: • Snowfall amounts and accumulation are declining, and changes in the characteristics of snow have been noted • Permanent snow patches, an important source of drinking water for hunters and travellers, are disappearing • Wind is increasingly variable and unpredictable • Sea ice is thinner, forms later, and melts earlier and faster in spring Collectively, these changes have significantly affected the productivity, timing, and safety of traditional hunting and other land-based activities, which are integral to Inuit identity, health and well-being. -
Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004
Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004 Institute of the North • U.S. Arctic Research Commission • International Arctic Science Committee Arctic Ocean Marine Routes This map is a general portrayal of the major Arctic marine routes shown from the perspective of Bering Strait looking northward. The official Northern Sea Route encompasses all routes across the Russian Arctic coastal seas from Kara Gate (at the southern tip of Novaya Zemlya) to Bering Strait. The Northwest Passage is the name given to the marine routes between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the northern coast of North America that span the straits and sounds of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Three historic polar voyages in the Central Arctic Ocean are indicated: the first surface shop voyage to the North Pole by the Soviet nuclear icebreaker Arktika in August 1977; the tourist voyage of the Soviet nuclear icebreaker Sovetsky Soyuz across the Arctic Ocean in August 1991; and, the historic scientific (Arctic) transect by the polar icebreakers Polar Sea (U.S.) and Louis S. St-Laurent (Canada) during July and August 1994. Shown is the ice edge for 16 September 2004 (near the minimum extent of Arctic sea ice for 2004) as determined by satellite passive microwave sensors. Noted are ice-free coastal seas along the entire Russian Arctic and a large, ice-free area that extends 300 nautical miles north of the Alaskan coast. The ice edge is also shown to have retreated to a position north of Svalbard. The front cover shows the summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice on 16 September 2002. -
Akshayuk Pass, Ski Expedition
Akshayuk Pass, Ski Expedition Program Descriptive: Akshayuk Pass, Auyuittuq National Park Majestic towers, carved in bedrock by glaciers, shooting straight for the sun: such scenery is what Auyuittuq National Park has to offer. It is, without a doubt, one of the most awe-inspiring places on Earth. Set in the middle of the Penny Ice Cap, bisected from North to South by the Akshayuk pass, an immense valley opens inland. An expedition surrounded by austere looking, barren plateaus, that will take you to two of the park’s most spectacular lookouts, Thor Peak and Mount Asgard. On your way, you will have an opportunity to see impressive rock formations dating back to the last ice age, ice caps, moraines, boulder fields, and much more. During this ski expedition, your will tread over terrain ranging from arid gravel to frozen river, with sharp peaks and a huge glacier in the backdrop. So many images that will remain with you forever. Following a 3-hour snowmobile ride from Qikiqtarjuaq we arrive at the park’s northern entrance, and then follow 11 days of cross-country skiing and 100 km of breathtaking scenery, to be crossed on skis, boots and crampons over the more difficult sections (especially the river’s ice cascades). Along the way, you will have an opportunity to see impressive rock formations dating back to the last ice age, moraines, boulder fields, with spectacular views of Mount Thor and Mount Asgard. Throughout the expedition, you will be mesmerized by the presence of glaciers, landscapes and mountains each more impressive than the last. -
A Historical and Legal Study of Sovereignty in the Canadian North : Terrestrial Sovereignty, 1870–1939
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2014 A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939 Smith, Gordon W. University of Calgary Press "A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939", Gordon W. Smith; edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2014 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/50251 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDY OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CANADIAN NORTH: TERRESTRIAL SOVEREIGNTY, 1870–1939 By Gordon W. Smith, Edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer ISBN 978-1-55238-774-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at ucpress@ ucalgary.ca Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specificwork without breaching the artist’s copyright. -
Frederick J. Krabbé, Last Man to See HMS Investigator Afloat, May 1854
The Journal of the Hakluyt Society January 2017 Frederick J. Krabbé, last man to see HMS Investigator afloat, May 1854 William Barr1 and Glenn M. Stein2 Abstract Having ‘served his apprenticeship’ as Second Master on board HMS Assistance during Captain Horatio Austin’s expedition in search of the missing Franklin expedition in 1850–51, whereby he had made two quite impressive sledge trips, in the spring of 1852 Frederick John Krabbé was selected by Captain Leopold McClintock to serve under him as Master (navigation officer) on board the steam tender HMS Intrepid, part of Captain Sir Edward Belcher’s squadron, again searching for the Franklin expedition. After two winterings, the second off Cape Cockburn, southwest Bathurst Island, Krabbé was chosen by Captain Henry Kellett to lead a sledging party west to Mercy Bay, Banks Island, to check on the condition of HMS Investigator, abandoned by Commander Robert M’Clure, his officers and men, in the previous spring. Krabbé executed these orders and was thus the last person to see Investigator afloat. Since, following Belcher’s orders, Kellett had abandoned HMS Resolute and Intrepid, rather than their return journey ending near Cape Cockburn, Krabbé and his men had to continue for a further 140 nautical miles (260 km) to Beechey Island. This made the total length of their sledge trip 863½ nautical miles (1589 km), one of the longest man- hauled sledge trips in the history of the Arctic. Introduction On 22 July 2010 a party from the underwater archaeology division of Parks Canada flew into Mercy Bay in Aulavik National Park, on Banks Island, Northwest Territories – its mission to try to locate HMS Investigator, abandoned here by Commander Robert McClure in 1853.3 Two days later underwater archaeologists Ryan Harris and Jonathan Moore took to the water in a Zodiac to search the bay, towing a side-scan sonar towfish. -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
In Arctic and Subarctic Seas, and the Modifying Ejfects of Hydrographic Differences in the Environment'
The Journal of Marine Research is an online peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research on a broad array of topics in physical, biological, and chemical oceanography. In publication since 1937, it is one of the oldest journals in American marine science and occupies a unique niche within the ocean sciences, with a rich tradition and distinguished history as part of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research at Yale University. Past and current issues are available at journalofmarineresearch.org. Yale University provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes only. Copyright or other proprietary rights to content contained in this document may be held by individuals or entities other than, or in addition to, Yale University. You are solely responsible for determining the ownership of the copyright, and for obtaining permission for your intended use. Yale University makes no warranty that your distribution, reproduction, or other use of these materials will not infringe the rights of third parties. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Journal of Marine Research, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University PO Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520-8118 USA (203) 432-3154 fax (203) 432-5872 [email protected] www.journalofmarineresearch.org The Life Cycle of Sagitta elegans in Arctic and Subarctic Seas, and the Modifying Ejfects of Hydrographic Differences in the Environment' M.