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Ombudsman Report: Canadian Rangers OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND CANADIAN FORCES OMBUDSMAN REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE | SEPTEMBER 2017 CANADIAN RANGERS A SYSTEMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS THAT IMPACT HEALTH CARE ENTITLEMENTS AND RELATED BENEFITS OF THE RANGERS CONTACT US ONLINE: WWW.OMBUDSMAN.FORCES.GC.CA SECURE ONLINE COMPLAINT FORM: WWW3.OMBUDSMAN.FORCES.GC.CA/OCF_E.PHP TELEPHONE: 1-888-828-3626 MAIL: OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE AND THE CANADIAN FORCES 100 METCALFE STREET, 12TH FLOOR OTTAWA, ONTARIO CANADA K1P 5M1 E-MAIL: [email protected] (NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ONLY) TWITTER: @DNDCF_OMBUDSMAN FACEBOOK: WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DNDCFOMBUDSMAN TABLE OF CONTENTS OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 MANDATE 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 SUMMARY OF IMPACT ON CONSTITUENTS 6 SECTION I—CONTEXT 9 SECTION II—INTRODUCTION 11 SECTION III—FINDINGS 22 RECOMMENDATIONS 23 CONCLUSION 24 APPENDIX A—ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE CANADIAN RANGERS 27 APPENDIX B—MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN RANGER ORGANIZATION 28 APPENDIX C—INVESTIGATIVE METHODOLOGY 29 APPENDIX D—THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES IN CANADA 30 APPENDIX E—RANGER-RELATED POLICIES AND DIRECTIVES 31 APPENDIX F—RESPONSE FROM THE MINISTER PAGE 2 OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS MANDATE OMBUDSMAN MANDATE The Office of the Department of National Defence Any of the following people may bring a complaint and Canadian Armed Forces Ombudsman was to the Ombudsman when the matter is directly created in 1998 by Order-in-Council to increase related to the Department of National Defence transparency in the Department of National or the Canadian Armed Forces: Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, as · a current or former member of the Canadian well as to ensure the fair treatment of concerns Armed Forces raised by Canadian Armed Forces members, Departmental employees, and their families. · a current or former member of the Cadets · a current or former employee of the The Office is a direct source of information, Department of National Defence referral, and education for the men and women of the Department of National Defence and · a current or former non-public fund the Canadian Armed Forces. Its role is to employee help individuals access existing channels of · a person applying to become a member assistance or redress when they have a complaint · a member of the immediate family of any of or concern. The Office is also responsible for the above-mentioned reviewing and investigating complaints from constituents who believe they have been treated · an individual on an exchange or secondment improperly or unfairly by the Department of with the Canadian Armed Forces National Defence or the Canadian Armed Forces. The Ombudsman is independent of the military In addition, the Ombudsman may investigate and chain of command and senior civilian management report publicly on matters affecting the welfare and reports directly to the Minister of of members and employees of the Department National Defence. or the Canadian Armed Forces and others falling within his jurisdiction. The ultimate goal is to contribute to substantial and long-lasting improvements to the defence community. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS PAGE 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2016, this Office launched a systemic because mental health service providers might investigation of the Canadian Rangers not understand the context within which the organization to identify any factors that could Canadian Rangers work and live. Canadian impact Canadian Rangers’ access to health care Rangers can be exposed to traumatic situations, entitlements and related benefits. so access to mental health services is critical. Preliminary research of the Canadian Rangers In addition, we found that many Canadian Rangers organization found several areas of concern we interviewed were unaware of their health care for further investigation, including: challenges entitlements and assumed they would be taken in the determination of appropriate type of care of by the Canadian Armed Forces. Reserve Service, concerns with the absence of a requirement for medical examinations for This includes Veteran Affairs benefits as well, Canadian Rangers prior to enrolment, 1 and a which 89 percent of respondents who were lack of awareness on the part of the Canadian injured on duty did not submit a claim for. It is Rangers with regard to their entitlement to vital that Canadian Rangers are aware of the Canadian Armed Forces health care treatment benefits entitled to them if they experience a and to employment benefits. service-related illness or injury. Canadian Rangers reside in over 200 sparsely Canadian Rangers, similar to other Reservists, settled and isolated communities across Canada, are failing to report or consistently track their many only accessible by air. As a result, medical illnesses and injuries. Several reasons were cited services, especially specialized care, are not as for this including: underestimating the severity easily accessible as in other parts of Canada. In of the injury, fearing removal from a particular some communities, doctors fly in once a month activity, fearing long-term career implications, so Canadian Rangers requiring medical attention and finding health care through other sources. are not always seen. As access to entitlements may require proof of a service relationship, the implications of failing The Canadian Armed Forces are responsible to track illnesses and injuries are evident. for providing health care to Canadian Rangers when an illness or injury is attributable to This Office has maintained a strong focus on military service. Considering the often limited Reserves over the past decade, including our services available to Canadian Rangers in their 2008 report, Reserved Care: An Investigation communities, access to Canadian Armed Forces into the Treatment of Injured Reservists where health care often requires travel to medical we looked at the provision of care, compensation facilities outside of their communities. This and other benefits for ill and injured Reservists. acts as a barrier for many Canadian Rangers who This is our first systemic investigation of the spoke of a reluctance to leave their communities Canadian Rangers organization meant to assist and their support network to seek treatment in the Department of National Defence and the southern hospitals. Canadian Armed Forces in ensuring that Canadian The majority of commanding officers interviewed Rangers are treated fairly. recommend a review of how mental health With this in mind, our Office has made four services are delivered to Canadian Rangers recommendations to the Minister of National in their communities. Accessibility to mental Defence: health services was found to be a concern, PAGE 4 OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Recommendation 1 3.2 Identifying and implementing a service delivery model for Canadian Armed Forces health We once again recommend that the Department care that is responsive to the identified needs of of National Defence and the Canadian Armed the Canadian Rangers. Forces eliminate ambiguity and inconsistency in language in the policy framework for Reservists, Recommendation 4 with a focus on health care entitlements, as soon as possible, and no later than spring 2019. We recommend that the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces take Recommendation 2 concrete steps to ensure Canadian Rangers have a clear understanding of the importance of We recommend that the Department of National reporting injuries, and to improve their knowledge Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces ensure and awareness of the health care entitlements compliance with the existing illness and injury and related benefits available to them by: reporting process so that Canadian Rangers are not inadvertently barred from accessing their 4.1 Amalgamating information on Canadian health care entitlements and related benefits. Ranger health care entitlements and related benefits; distributing this information to Recommendation 3 Canadian Rangers in various languages and formats as necessary, by fall 2018. We recommend that the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces ensure 4.2 Ensuring that this information is integrated the delivery of health care to Canadian Rangers into formal and any other relevant training to which they are entitled by: offered to the Canadian Rangers, by fall 2018. 3.1 Engaging with Canadian Rangers with the view of identifying the barriers to their access to Canadian Armed Forces health care, and their health care needs within their social and cultural contexts. SUMMARY OF IMPACT OMBUDSMAN REPORT—CANADIAN RANGERS PAGE 5 SUMMARY OF IMPACT ON NATIONAL DEFENCE AND CANADIAN ARMED FORCES CONSTITUENTS The Canadian Rangers are a sub-component Finally, this investigation found that Canadian of the Reserve Force, so it is reasonable to Ranger illnesses and injuries are not being expect that they would have the same health consistently reported or adequately tracked care entitlements and related benefits as other for health care entitlements and related Reservists on the same type of service, as well benefits purposes. The current practice as comparable access to those entitlements. negatively affects Canadian Rangers’ access This Office found that this is not the case. to entitlements—such as compensation benefits—where proof of a service relationship We identified key challenges that impact may be required. Our recommendation addresses
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