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M Solid Waste Management the Neighbourhood Planning and Design Guide

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M Solid Waste Management the Neighbourhood Planning and Design Guide Section M Solid waste management The Neighbourhood Planning and Design Guide Part II Planning and design guidelines Symbols at text boxes More detailed information is provided about the issue under discussion Important considerations to be aware of are highlighted Relevant content from a complementing resource is presented PART I: SETTING THE SCENE A The human settlements context B A vision for human settlements C Purpose, nature and scope of this Guide D How to use this Guide E Working together PART II: PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES F Neighbourhood layout and structure G Public open space H Housing and social facilities I Transportation and road pavements J Water supply K Sanitation L Stormwater M Solid waste management N Electrical energy O Cross-cutting issues Planning and designing safe communities Universal design Developed by Department of Human Settlements Published by the South African Government ISBN: 978-0-6399283-2-6 © 2019 Version 1. Printed January 2019 Section M Solid waste management The Neighbourhood Planning and Design Guide The Neighbourhood Planning and Design Guide M Solid waste management Table of contents M.1 Outline of this section ............................................................................................................................. 2 M.1.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 M.1.2 Content and structure ............................................................................................................................... 2 M.2 Universal considerations ........................................................................................................................ 4 M.2.1 The regulatory environment ..................................................................................................................... 4 M.2.2 Key objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 6 M.2.3 Approaches and concepts ...................................................................................................................... 7 M.2.3.1 The waste management hierarchy ..................................................................................... 7 M.2.3.2 The waste management system ......................................................................................... 8 M.2.4 The implementation context ...................................................................................................................10 M.2.4.1 The type of development ..................................................................................................10 M.2.4.2 The setting of the development .........................................................................................11 M.3 Planning considerations ........................................................................................................................12 M.3.1 Characteristics of the proposed development ..................................................................................... 12 M.3.1.1 The nature of the proposed development ....................................................................... 12 M.3.1.2 The residents of the area to be developed ..................................................................... 12 M.3.2 Characteristics of the existing environment .......................................................................................... 13 M.3.2.1 The physical location of the proposed development ..................................................... 13 M.3.2.2 Available infrastructure and services .............................................................................. 14 M.3.3 Solid waste management options ......................................................................................................... 14 M.3.3.1 Factors to consider when choosing waste collection options ....................................... 14 M.3.3.2 Collection options for municipal solid waste .................................................................. 16 M.4 Design considerations .......................................................................................................................... 20 M.4.1 Receptacles and storage at point of generation ..................................................................................20 M.4.1.1 Solid waste receptacles ...................................................................................................20 M.4.1.2 On-site storage of solid waste ......................................................................................... 21 M.4.2 Transport of solid waste .........................................................................................................................23 M.4.2.1 Waste collection vehicles .................................................................................................23 M.4.2.2 Waste collection vehicle access ......................................................................................27 M.4.3 Solid waste management facilities ........................................................................................................27 M.4.3.1 Materials Recovery Facilities ...........................................................................................28 M.4.3.2 Buy-back centres ..............................................................................................................29 M.4.3.3 Transfer stations .................................................................................................................29 M.4.3.4 Central collection points ...................................................................................................30 M.4.3.5 Drop-off facilities ..............................................................................................................30 M.4.3.6 Treatment / Recovery facilities ........................................................................................ 31 M.4.3.7 Landfill sites ....................................................................................................................... 31 Glossary, acronyms, abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 33 Endnotes ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 M.1 Solid waste management Outline of this section M.1 M.1 Outline of this section M.1.1 Purpose Settlements (and neighbourhoods as the ‘building blocks’ of settlements) are integrated systems in which the various components are interconnected, and this section highlights the role of solid waste management in this system. Urbanisation, population growth, economic growth and accompanying lifestyle changes result in the use of more consumer products and consequently the generation of more waste. The additional waste that is generated has wide-ranging impacts on settlements: it puts additional pressure on municipal service delivery and on landfill sites, it may result in the pollution of soil, air and water resources, and it can have negative public health implications. Sound solid waste management practices and the appropriate and efficient storage, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste can potentially prevent or mitigate these impacts. The National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (NEM:WA) as amended and the National Water Act, 1998 provide legal definitions for waste. In the context of this Guide, waste refers to solid materials, substances or objects that are unwanted, rejected, abandoned, discarded or disposed of, or that are intended or required to be discarded or disposed of by the holder, irrespective of their value or potential to be reused, recycled or recovered. Waste ceases to be waste once it is reused, recycled or recovered. Solid waste management differs from most other municipal (engineering) services in a significant way: Communities are not only expected to pay for the waste removal service – they have to take specific actions in order for the waste to be removed, including the sorting of waste and making waste available for collection on the sidewalk or at a communal point. It is therefore critical that waste collection infrastructure and services are responsive to the needs of the communities being served. This section has a direct link with Section F (Neighbourhood layout and structure), Section I (Transportation and road pavements) and Section L (Stormwater). M.1.2 Content and structure This section (Section M) is structured to support effective decision-making related to solid waste management. The decision-making framework is outlined in Figure M.1, and the structure of this section is briefly described below. Universal considerations General aspects that should be taken into consideration when making higher level decisions regarding solid waste management are highlighted, including the following: • The regulatory environment, including key legislation, policies, frameworks and strategies • The key objectives that should be achieved as a result of the application of the guidelines provided • Local or international approaches, mechanisms, concepts and current trends that could possibly be utilised to achieve the key objectives • Contextual factors specific to the development project
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