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Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants As Tracers of Planet Formation
Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants as Tracers of Planet Formation Thesis by Marta Levesque Bryan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2018 Defended May 1, 2018 ii © 2018 Marta Levesque Bryan ORCID: [0000-0002-6076-5967] All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Heather Knutson, who I had the great privilege of working with as my thesis advisor. Her encouragement, guidance, and perspective helped me navigate many a challenging problem, and my conversations with her were a consistent source of positivity and learning throughout my time at Caltech. I leave graduate school a better scientist and person for having her as a role model. Heather fostered a wonderfully positive and supportive environment for her students, giving us the space to explore and grow - I could not have asked for a better advisor or research experience. I would also like to thank Konstantin Batygin for enthusiastic and illuminating discussions that always left me more excited to explore the result at hand. Thank you as well to Dimitri Mawet for providing both expertise and contagious optimism for some of my latest direct imaging endeavors. Thank you to the rest of my thesis committee, namely Geoff Blake, Evan Kirby, and Chuck Steidel for their support, helpful conversations, and insightful questions. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to collaborate with Brendan Bowler. His talk at Caltech my second year of graduate school introduced me to an unexpected population of massive wide-separation planetary-mass companions, and lead to a long-running collaboration from which several of my thesis projects were born. -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
Guide Du Ciel Profond
Guide du ciel profond Olivier PETIT 8 mai 2004 2 Introduction hjjdfhgf ghjfghfd fg hdfjgdf gfdhfdk dfkgfd fghfkg fdkg fhdkg fkg kfghfhk Table des mati`eres I Objets par constellation 21 1 Androm`ede (And) Andromeda 23 1.1 Messier 31 (La grande Galaxie d'Androm`ede) . 25 1.2 Messier 32 . 27 1.3 Messier 110 . 29 1.4 NGC 404 . 31 1.5 NGC 752 . 33 1.6 NGC 891 . 35 1.7 NGC 7640 . 37 1.8 NGC 7662 (La boule de neige bleue) . 39 2 La Machine pneumatique (Ant) Antlia 41 2.1 NGC 2997 . 43 3 le Verseau (Aqr) Aquarius 45 3.1 Messier 2 . 47 3.2 Messier 72 . 49 3.3 Messier 73 . 51 3.4 NGC 7009 (La n¶ebuleuse Saturne) . 53 3.5 NGC 7293 (La n¶ebuleuse de l'h¶elice) . 56 3.6 NGC 7492 . 58 3.7 NGC 7606 . 60 3.8 Cederblad 211 (N¶ebuleuse de R Aquarii) . 62 4 l'Aigle (Aql) Aquila 63 4.1 NGC 6709 . 65 4.2 NGC 6741 . 67 4.3 NGC 6751 (La n¶ebuleuse de l’œil flou) . 69 4.4 NGC 6760 . 71 4.5 NGC 6781 (Le nid de l'Aigle ) . 73 TABLE DES MATIERES` 5 4.6 NGC 6790 . 75 4.7 NGC 6804 . 77 4.8 Barnard 142-143 (La tani`ere noire) . 79 5 le B¶elier (Ari) Aries 81 5.1 NGC 772 . 83 6 le Cocher (Aur) Auriga 85 6.1 Messier 36 . 87 6.2 Messier 37 . 89 6.3 Messier 38 . -
From Luminous Hot Stars to Starburst Galaxies
9780521791342pre CUP/CONT July 9, 2008 11:48 Page-i FROM LUMINOUS HOT STARS TO STARBURST GALAXIES Luminous hot stars represent the extreme upper mass end of normal stellar evolution. Before exploding as supernovae, they live out their lives of only a few million years with prodigious outputs of radiation and stellar winds which dramatically affect both their evolution and environments. A detailed introduction to the topic, this book connects the astrophysics of mas- sive stars with the extremes of galaxy evolution represented by starburst phenomena. A thorough discussion of the physical and wind parameters of massive stars is pre- sented, together with considerations of their birth, evolution, and death. Hll galaxies, their connection to starburst galaxies, and the contribution of starburst phenomena to galaxy evolution through superwinds, are explored. The book concludes with the wider cosmological implications, including Population III stars, Lyman break galaxies, and gamma-ray bursts, for each of which massive stars are believed to play a crucial role. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in astrophysics who are interested in massive stars and their role in the evolution of galaxies. Peter S. Conti is an Emeritus Professor at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astro- physics (JILA) and theAstrophysics and Planetary Sciences Department at the University of Colorado. Paul A. Crowther is a Professor of Astrophysics in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Sheffield. Claus Leitherer is an Astronomer with the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore. 9780521791342pre CUP/CONT July 9, 2008 11:48 Page-ii Cambridge Astrophysics Series Series editors: Andrew King, Douglas Lin, Stephen Maran, Jim Pringle and Martin Ward Titles available in the series 10. -
GTO Keypad Manual, V5.001
ASTRO-PHYSICS GTO KEYPAD Version v5.xxx Please read the manual even if you are familiar with previous keypad versions Flash RAM Updates Keypad Java updates can be accomplished through the Internet. Check our web site www.astro-physics.com/software-updates/ November 11, 2020 ASTRO-PHYSICS KEYPAD MANUAL FOR MACH2GTO Version 5.xxx November 11, 2020 ABOUT THIS MANUAL 4 REQUIREMENTS 5 What Mount Control Box Do I Need? 5 Can I Upgrade My Present Keypad? 5 GTO KEYPAD 6 Layout and Buttons of the Keypad 6 Vacuum Fluorescent Display 6 N-S-E-W Directional Buttons 6 STOP Button 6 <PREV and NEXT> Buttons 7 Number Buttons 7 GOTO Button 7 ± Button 7 MENU / ESC Button 7 RECAL and NEXT> Buttons Pressed Simultaneously 7 ENT Button 7 Retractable Hanger 7 Keypad Protector 8 Keypad Care and Warranty 8 Warranty 8 Keypad Battery for 512K Memory Boards 8 Cleaning Red Keypad Display 8 Temperature Ratings 8 Environmental Recommendation 8 GETTING STARTED – DO THIS AT HOME, IF POSSIBLE 9 Set Up your Mount and Cable Connections 9 Gather Basic Information 9 Enter Your Location, Time and Date 9 Set Up Your Mount in the Field 10 Polar Alignment 10 Mach2GTO Daytime Alignment Routine 10 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR NEW SETUPS OR SETUP IN NEW LOCATION 11 Assemble Your Mount 11 Startup Sequence 11 Location 11 Select Existing Location 11 Set Up New Location 11 Date and Time 12 Additional Information 12 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR MOUNTS USED AT THE SAME LOCATION WITHOUT A COMPUTER 13 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR COMPUTER CONTROLLED MOUNTS 14 1 OBJECTS MENU – HAVE SOME FUN! -
Culmination of a Constellation
Culmination of a Constellation Over any night, stars and constellations in the sky will appear to move from east to west due to the Earth’s rotation on its axis. A constellation will culminate (reach its highest point in the sky for your location) when it centres on the meridian - an imaginary line that runs across the sky from north to south and also passes through the zenith (the point high in the sky directly above your head). For example: When to Observe Constellations The taBle shows the approximate time (AEST) constellations will culminate around the middle (15th day) of each month. Constellations will culminate 2 hours earlier for each successive month. Note: add an hour to the given time when daylight saving time is in effect. The time “12” is midnight. Sunrise/sunset times are rounded off to the nearest half an hour. Sun- Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rise 5am 5:30 6am 6am 7am 7am 7am 6:30 6am 5am 4:30 4:30 Set 7pm 6:30 6pm 5:30 5pm 5pm 5pm 5:30 6pm 6pm 6:30 7pm And 5am 3am 1am 11pm 9pm Aqr 5am 3am 1am 11pm 9pm Aql 4am 2am 12 10pm 8pm Ara 4am 2am 12 10pm 8pm Ari 5am 3am 1am 11pm 9pm Aur 10pm 8pm 4am 2am 12 Boo 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Cnc 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm 3am CVn 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm CMa 11pm 9pm 7pm 3am 1am Cap 5am 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Car 2am 12 10pm 8pm 6pm Cen 4am 2am 12 10pm 8pm 6pm Cet 4am 2am 12 10pm 8pm Cha 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Col 10pm 8pm 4am 2am 12 Com 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm CrA 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm CrB 4am 2am 12 10pm 8pm Crv 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Cru 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Cyg 5am 3am 1am 11pm 9pm 7pm Del -
CCD Double Star Measurements - Personal Observations: #Report 1
Vol. 8 No. 3 July 1, 2012 Journal of Double Star Observations Page 193 CCD Double Star Measurements - Personal Observations: #Report 1 Giuseppe Micello Bologna Emilia Romagna - Italy EMAIL: [email protected] Abstract: This report submits CCD measurements of 49 pairs, observed in the period No- vember 2011 – January 2012. Possible new pairs, not cataloged in the Washington Double Star Catalog, are suggested. Orionis (precise coordinate from the Aladin Sky At- Introduction las: 05:19:06.14 +02:34:27.0, Figure 3) and new pair Between November 2011 and January 2012, I in system STF 721/GUI 7/BU 557 (precise coordinate made measurements of 49 double and multiple stars. from the Aladin Sky Atlas: 05:29:39.01 +03:06:47.5, For these measurements, I used a Schmidt- Figure 4). Cassegrain 235/2350 and a Maksutov-Cassegrain In this system, GUI 7AD is a neglected double 150/1800 on equatorial mount and the optical train star and we have only one measurement, dating back composed of a CCD camera, Imaging Source to 1904. DMK21AU, and an IR Cut Filter on Flip Mirror. The method is the same that I reported in a pre- Acknowledgements vious papers [1, 2] where I used Reduc by Florent This research has made use of the catalogs pre- Losse for data reduction,. sent in The Aladin Sky Atlas. Astrometric measurements and references to im- I thank Florent Losse for excellent software Re- ages and notes, are included in Table 1. duc. This paper also includes new possible pairs not I thank the Washington Double Star Catalog and cataloged in the Washington Double Star Catalog [3]. -
Binocular Challenges
This page intentionally left blank Cosmic Challenge Listing more than 500 sky targets, both near and far, in 187 challenges, this observing guide will test novice astronomers and advanced veterans alike. Its unique mix of Solar System and deep-sky targets will have observers hunting for the Apollo lunar landing sites, searching for satellites orbiting the outermost planets, and exploring hundreds of star clusters, nebulae, distant galaxies, and quasars. Each target object is accompanied by a rating indicating how difficult the object is to find, an in-depth visual description, an illustration showing how the object realistically looks, and a detailed finder chart to help you find each challenge quickly and effectively. The guide introduces objects often overlooked in other observing guides and features targets visible in a variety of conditions, from the inner city to the dark countryside. Challenges are provided for viewing by the naked eye, through binoculars, to the largest backyard telescopes. Philip S. Harrington is the author of eight previous books for the amateur astronomer, including Touring the Universe through Binoculars, Star Ware, and Star Watch. He is also a contributing editor for Astronomy magazine, where he has authored the magazine’s monthly “Binocular Universe” column and “Phil Harrington’s Challenge Objects,” a quarterly online column on Astronomy.com. He is an Adjunct Professor at Dowling College and Suffolk County Community College, New York, where he teaches courses in stellar and planetary astronomy. Cosmic Challenge The Ultimate Observing List for Amateurs PHILIP S. HARRINGTON CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521899369 C P. -
Nebular Metallicities in Isolated Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Nebular Metallicities in Isolated Dwarf Irregular Galaxies David Conway Nicholls A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics July 2014 Notes on the Digital Copy This document makes extensive use of the hyperlinking features of LATEX. References to figures, tables, sections, chapters and the literature can be navigated from within the PDF by clicking on the reference. Internet addresses will be displayed in a browser. Most object names are resolvable in the SIMBAD (http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/) astronomical database. The bibliography at the end of this thesis has been hyperlinked to the NASA Astrophysics Data Service (http://www.adsabs.harvard.edu/). Further information on each of the cited works is available through the link to ADS. For Linda. i Disclaimer I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is that of the candidate alone, except where indicated below or in the text of the thesis. The work was undertaken between January 2009 and February 2014 at the Australian National University, Canberra. It has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other degree at this or any other university. Chapter 2 is the paper The Small Isolated Gas-rich Irregular Dwarf (SIGRID) Galaxy Sample: Description and First Results published in the Astronomical Journal, September 2011, volume 142, pp.83 et seq., by David C Nicholls, Michael A Dopita, Helmut Jerjen and Gerhardt R Meurer. The work is entirely that of the candidate. Chapter 3 is the paper Resolving the Electron Temperature Discrepancies in H II Regions and Planetary Nebulae: κ-distributed Electrons published in the Astrophysical Journal, June 2012, volume 752, pp.148 et seq., by David C Nicholls, Michael A Dopita, and Ralph S Sutherland. -
Chemical Spots in the Absence of Magnetic Field in the Binary Hgmn
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. 66Eri˙v4 c ESO 2018 November 5, 2018 Chemical spots in the absence of magnetic field in the binary HgMn star 66 Eridani⋆ V. Makaganiuk1, O. Kochukhov1, N. Piskunov1, S. V. Jeffers2, C. M. Johns-Krull3, C. U. Keller2, M. Rodenhuis2, F. Snik2, H. C. Stempels1, and J. A. Valenti4 1 Department Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden 2 Sterrekundig Instituut, Universiteit Utrecht, P.O. Box 80000, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA 4 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore MD 21211, USA Received 00 Dec 2010 / Accepted 00 Feb 2011 ABSTRACT Context. According to our current understanding, a subclass of the upper main sequence chemically peculiar stars, called mercury- manganese (HgMn), is non-magnetic. Nevertheless, chemical inhomogeneities were recently discovered on their surfaces. At the same time, no global magnetic fields stronger than 1–100 G are detected by modern studies. Aims. The goals of our study are to search for magnetic field in the HgMn binary system 66 Eri and to investigate chemical spots on the stellar surfaces of both components. Methods. Our analysis is based on high quality spectropolarimetric time-series observations obtained during 10 consecutive nights with the HARPSpol instrument at the ESO 3.6-m telescope. To increase the sensitivity of the magnetic field search we employed a least-squares deconvolution (LSD). We used spectral disentangling to measure radial velocities and study line profile variability. Chemical spot geometry was reconstructed using multi-line Doppler imaging. -
Radio Continuum Observations of Massive Stars in Open Cluster NGC 6231 and the Sco OBI Association
A Massive Star Odyssey, from Main Sequence to Supernova Proceedings [AU Symposium No. 212, © 2009 IAU K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero & C. Esteban, eds. Radio continuum observations of massive stars in open cluster NGC 6231 and the Sco OBI association Diah Y.A. SetiaGunawan1,2, Jessica M. Chapman", Ian R. Stevens'', Gregor Rauw", and Claus Leitherer'' 1 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia 2 Kapteyn Sterrenkundig Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Nederland 3 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK 4Institut d'Astrophysique et de Geophysique, Universite de Liege, 17 Allee du 6 aoiit, B-4000 Liege 1 (Sart- Tilman), la Belgique 5Space Telescope Science Institute", 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD21218, USA Abstract. We present results of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) radio continuum observations of massive stars in the ScoOBl association. Most stars detected in the program show spectral indices lower than value expected from thermal free-free emission. 1. Introduction The Sco OBI association, with the very young open cluster NGC 6231 as its nucleus, stands out among OB associations because of its wealth of hot luminous stars. Therefore, at a relatively nearby distance of about 1.8 kpc, this region is ideal for studying the properties of the stellar winds from OB and Wolf-Rayet stars. Radio observations of Wolf-Rayet and OB-type massive stars provide one of the key ways of studying their dense, ionized supersonic winds. The strong winds from such stars produce extended radio photospheres at mm and em wave- lengths, which result from optically-thick thermal free-free emission. -
Mitteilungen Des Arbeitskreis Sternfreunde Lübeck E.V. Nr. 93 1
Nr. 93 1/2015 Mitteilungen des Arbeitskreis Sternfreunde Lübeck e.V. Astronomische Impressionen von Rüdiger Buggenthien und Knud Henke Im Frühjahr 1999 war der Mars dominierend am Himmel und ein lohnendes Objekt für alle Beobach- ter. Rüdiger Buggenthien zeichnete den Mars vom 30.04.–11.05.1999 und fotografierte ihn durch seinen 7“ Starfire. Damals war die digitale Fotografie noch nicht erfunden, so dass nur wenigen solch beeindru- ckende Aufnahmen gelangen. Eine 90-minütige Startrail-Aufnahme von Knud Henke. Titelbild und Rückseite Nach vielen Jahren konnten wir am zusammen mit etlichen hundert Besuchern 20.03.2015 wieder eine Sonnenfinsternis beobachten konnten. Die Sonne grinste (Sofi) in Lübeck beobachten. Die Wetteraus- uns die ganze Zeit an, wie man unschwer sichten waren für Norddeutschland recht erkennen kann. Die Aufnahmen stammen regnerisch, selbst am Tag vorher wurde ein von Stephan Brügger. bedeckter Himmel vorhergesagt. Auf der Rückseite sehen wir den 1000 Licht- Wie gut, dass man sich auf die Wetter- jahre entfernten California-Nebel (NGC 1499) vorhersage wieder einmal nicht verlassen im Sternbild Perseus. Diese Aufnahme gelang konnte und wir die komplette Finsternis Torsten Brinker mit einem 300mm Objektiv. Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2 Bildimpressionen von Rüdiger Buggenthien und Torsten Brinker S. 3 Titelbild und Rückseite S. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 4 Terminkalender S. 5 Aus dem Verein S. 5 Aus der Redaktion • Neue Mitglieder • Vereinsjubiläen S. 6 Protokoll der ordentlichen Mitgliederversammlung vom 28.02.2015 S. 9 Jahresberichte 2014 Sternwartenleitung • Vereinsbericht • FG Digitale Astrofotografie • FG Visuelle Beobachtung • POLARIS-Redaktion • Internetpräsentation • Pressereferent • Gerätewart • Geschäftsbericht S. 16 Berichte S. 16 Eine Sonnenfinsternis zum Aufwärmen S. 18 Eine 33-Stunden-Sonnenfinsternis S.