Uranometría Argentina Bicentenario

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uranometría Argentina Bicentenario URANOMETRÍA ARGENTINA BICENTENARIO Reedición electrónica ampliada, ilustrada y actualizada de la URANOMETRÍA ARGENTINA Brillantez y posición de las estrellas fijas, hasta la séptima magnitud, comprendidas dentro de cien grados del polo austral. Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Volumen I. Publicados por el observatorio 1879. Con Atlas (1877) 1 Observatorio Nacional Argentino Dirección: Benjamin Apthorp Gould Observadores: John M. Thome - William M. Davis - Miles Rock - Clarence L. Hathaway Walter G. Davis - Frank Hagar Bigelow Mapas del Atlas dibujados por: Albert K. Mansfield Tomado de Paolantonio S. y Minniti E. (2001) Uranometría Argentina 2001, Historia del Observatorio Nacional Argentino. SECyT-OA Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba. Santiago Paolantonio 2010 La importancia de la Uranometría1 Argentina descansa en las sólidas bases científicas sobre la cual fue realizada. Esta obra, cuidada en los más pequeños detalles, se debe sin dudas a la genialidad del entonces director del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Dr. Benjamin A. Gould. Pero nada de esto se habría hecho realidad sin la gran habilidad, el esfuerzo y la dedicación brindada por los cuatro primeros ayudantes del Observatorio, John M. Thome, William M. Davis, Miles Rock y Clarence L. Hathaway, así como de Walter G. Davis y Frank Hagar Bigelow que se integraron más tarde a la institución. Entre éstos, J. M. Thome, merece un lugar destacado por la esmerada revisión, control de las posiciones y determinaciones de brillos, tal como el mismo Director lo reconoce en el prólogo de la publicación. Por otro lado, Albert K. Mansfield tuvo un papel clave en la difícil confección de los mapas del Atlas. La Uranometría Argentina sobresale entre los trabajos realizados hasta ese momento, por múltiples razones: Por la profundidad en magnitud, ya que llega por vez primera en este tipo de empresa a la séptima. Cubre de este modo, en forma completa, todas las estrellas posibles de ser identificadas desde Córdoba por la visión a ojo desnudo mejor dotada. Esta extensión de la escala de magnitudes, de la sexta a la séptima, es un trabajo que de por sí justificaría su fama por las dificultades que se debieron enfrentar, que el mismísimo Argelander no pudo solucionar. La precisión en las determinaciones de brillos fue de una décima de magnitud, resultado que se alcanzó gracias a las técnicas pulidas y el esmero puestos en juego. Por la precisión en las posiciones de las estrellas, es la mejor que puede exigirse a este tipo de trabajo realizado a simple vista. Por la contribución a la uniformización de la nomenclatura para la identificación de las estrellas, y el establecimiento lógico y claro de los límites de las constelaciones. Terminó de este modo con la anarquía existente, sirviendo de base para la división actualmente admitida. 2 Por el análisis acertado de los datos, contribuyó al descubrimiento de un gran número de variables; a la obtención de notables conclusiones sobre el color de las estrellas; y encuentro de particularidades en la distribución de las estrellas en el cielo. De esto resultó una visión global del universo próximo, y el descubrimiento de lo que se denominaría más tarde "Cinturón de Gould"2. La publicación de la Uranometría Argentina fue un éxito inmediato, llenó un espacio que el mundo científico esperaba con ansiedad, y ubicó al Observatorio y la ciencia Argentina en el primer plano a nivel mundial. Esta obra es un ejemplo de trabajo científico aún hoy vigente y utilizable, no solo como referencia sino como modelo siendo un hito en la historia de la ciencia Argentina y mundial. De Uranometría Argentina 2001, Historia del Observatorio Nacional Argentino 1 La palabra Urania se relaciona con el cielo o "espacio celeste". Uranometría se refiere a "medida de las cosas celestes", quedando históricamente reservada a catálogos y atlas del cielo visible a simple vista. 2 El sistema "Cinturón de Gould" es un grupo local de estrellas jóvenes con una distribución plana, asociado con gas atómico y molecular interestelar. Un excelente detalle sobre este sistema se puede leer en: Wolfgang Pöppel, "The Gould Belt System and the Local Interstellar Medium", Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics, Vol. 18, pp. 1-271, 1999. Sobre la Uranometría Argentina Bicentenario La Uranometría Argentina fue publicada por Observatorio Nacional Argentina, en dos partes, el Atlas en 1877 y el Catálogo en 1879 incluido en el primer volumen de los Resultados del observatorio. El tomo del Catálogo cuenta con 400 páginas, que incluyen además la historia, las técnicas empleadas y el análisis de los datos, escrito en español e inglés. El catálogo contiene las posiciones para el equinoccio de 1875.0 y el brillo de 7.755 estrellas hasta la 7ma magnitud, y 707 más débiles, comprendidas entre las declinaciones 90° sur y 10° norte. La presente edición incluye únicamente el texto escrito en español, tomado de la Uranometría Argentina 2001, revisado y adaptado al formato PDF. Por cuestión de practicidad en el acceso y uso de la información, el Catálogo se presenta en archivo aparte. La obra original se digitalizó completamente, realizándose la conversión a texto por medio de un reconocedor de caracteres, para luego proceder a una meticulosa revisión y corrección de los eventuales errores aparecidos. En todo momento se respetó la redacción, no así la ortografía, que se llevó a la actualmente admitida para facilitar la lectura, en la seguridad de que esto no cambia en absoluto el espíritu del texto. Las numerosas abreviaturas utilizadas también se mantuvieron, modificándose únicamente la correspondiente a minuto, de “m” a “min”. Se han introducido las correcciones indicadas en las "errata" que figuran en el mismo volumen de la Uranometría Argentina en la página 387, y las publicadas con posterioridad por B. A. Gould en la revista Astronomische Nachrichten N° 2377, pp. 7-10, "Corrigenda in the Uranometria Argentina"; N° 2390, p. 222, "Corrigenda in the Uranometria Argentina" y N° 3 2784, pp. 379-382, "Corrections to the Uranometria Argentina and the Cordoba Catalogues"; como así en los volúmenes de los Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, todas convenientemente señaladas. Los contados errores que han podido ser identificados fuera de los declarados en las citadas publicaciones, también son destacados. Se ha procurado matener el formato del texto original, pero como consecuencia del cambio de soporte esto no fue posible en todos los aspectos. Las numerosas tablas fueron incluidas respetando la posiciones respecto al texto, lo que ocaciona que algunas comiencen en una página para continuar en otra. El índice debió ser modificado y el correspondiente al Volumen 1, ya sin utilidad para esta edición, se agregó como imágenes para que la obra original esté completamente reproducida. Los subtítulos, ubicados en los encabezados de las páginas, debieron insertarse en el cuerpo del texto, en las posiciones correspondientes. Se han agregado algunos comentarios aclaratorios que se consideraron necesarios para facilitar la lectura o evitar confusiones. 4 Portada de la Uranometría Argentina INDICE Advertencia 7 Capítulo I 9 Historia de la obra 9 Escala de magnitud 10 Tipos de magnitud 11 Distribución de la obra 12 Determinación por Heis y Behrmann 15 Capítulo II 17 Tipos de magnitud 17 Tipos de magnitud 18 Estrellas coloradas 19 Variabilidad de estrellas 20 Discordancias con otros catálogos 30 Confrontación con Heis 31 Confrontación con los tipos 32 Capítulo III 38 Constelaciones y nomenclatura 38 Uranometría de Bayer 39 5 Constelaciones de Lacaille 41 Notación de Lacaille 42 Proposición de J. Herschel 43 Reglas seguidas por Baily 44 Forma de los límites 46 Notación de Lacaille 47 Nomeclatura adoptada 48 Límites de las constelaciones 50 Nomeclatura 59 Capítulo IV 74 Determinación de magnitud 74 Distribución del trabajo 74 Ecuaciones personales 76 Diferencias en las apreciaciones 77 Confrontación con otros catálogos 78 Magnitudes de Lacaille 81 Magnitudes de Seidel 89 Magnitudes de J. Herschel 91 Apreciaciones de J. Herschel 92 Capítulo V 96 El catálogo 96 Enumeración de las estrellas 98 Capítulo VI 101 Notas al catálogo 101 Capítulo VII 166 El atlas 166 Capítulo VIII 169 La distribución de las estrellas 169 Número de las estrellas 169 Número de estrellas boreales 170 Faja de estrellas brillantes 173 Posición de la faja 174 La distribución de las estrellas 176 Agrupación hacia la Vía Láctea 177 Distribución general 179 Distribución según magnitudes 180 Razón del incremento 183 Grupo de la faja 183 Círculo galáctico 184 Distribución galáctica 187 La gran hendidura 188 Vía Láctea 189 Ancho y puntos medios 190 6 Contornos de la Vía Láctea 192 Determinación final 193 Índice de la Uranometría Argentina 1879 196 Advertencia Volver al índice La historia de esta obra se ha hecho tan detalladamente en el capítulo preliminar, que no es necesario agregar nada aquí sobre el particular. Ni es menester tampoco detenerse sobre los numerosos obstáculos que han demorado su publicación. La obra, que debía ocupar el intervalo inesperadamente largo, desde que se comenzó la construcción del observatorio, hasta la colocación del círculo meridiano, ha monopolizado durante tres años una gran parte de todas nuestras fuerzas disponibles, y solo ha podido considerarse concluida después de tres años más. Las dificultades técnicas, que ha habido que superaron la preparación y reproducción del Atlas, excedieron toda previsión. Y la impresión de este libro, que, por muchas razones, había sido deferida para después de la conclusión del Atlas, ha sufrido después de esto demoras que pueden apreciarse parcialmente, cuando se considere que toda ella se ha hecho en el país, y a una distancia de ochocientos kilómetros de Córdoba; así que cada una de las tres, y aún cuatro, revisiones que necesitaban las pruebas, han tenido que ocasionar una demora de ocho y a veces de diez días. Así sucede que el libro, que había esperado ver publicado a principios de 1877, sale a la luz después de dos años más.
Recommended publications
  • CENTAURI II Benutzerhandbuch
    CENTAURI II Benutzerhandbuch SW-Version ab 3.1.0.73 MAYAH, CENTAURI, FLASHCAST sind eingetragene Warenzeichen. Alle anderen verwendeten Warenzeichen werden hiermit anerkannt. CENTAURI II Benutzerhandbuch ab SW 3.1.0.73 Bestell-Nr. CIIUM001 Stand 11/2005 (c) Copyright by MAYAH Communications GmbH Die Vervielfältigung des vorliegenden Handbuches, sowie der darin besprochenen Dokumentationen aus dem Internet, auch nur auszugsweise, ist nur mit ausdrücklicher schriftlicher Genehmigung der MAYAH Communications GmbH erlaubt. 1 Einführung ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Vorwort......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Einbau / Installation ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Lieferumfang ................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Umgebungs- / Betriebsbedingung................................................................ 2 1.5 Anschlüsse................................................................................................... 3 2 Verbindungsaufbau ............................................................................................. 4 2.1 ISDN Verbindungen mit dem Centauri II ...................................................... 4 2.1.1 FlashCast Technologie und Audiocodec Kategorien............................. 4 2.1.2 Wie bekomme ich eine synchronisierte Verbindung
    [Show full text]
  • Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants As Tracers of Planet Formation
    Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants as Tracers of Planet Formation Thesis by Marta Levesque Bryan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2018 Defended May 1, 2018 ii © 2018 Marta Levesque Bryan ORCID: [0000-0002-6076-5967] All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Heather Knutson, who I had the great privilege of working with as my thesis advisor. Her encouragement, guidance, and perspective helped me navigate many a challenging problem, and my conversations with her were a consistent source of positivity and learning throughout my time at Caltech. I leave graduate school a better scientist and person for having her as a role model. Heather fostered a wonderfully positive and supportive environment for her students, giving us the space to explore and grow - I could not have asked for a better advisor or research experience. I would also like to thank Konstantin Batygin for enthusiastic and illuminating discussions that always left me more excited to explore the result at hand. Thank you as well to Dimitri Mawet for providing both expertise and contagious optimism for some of my latest direct imaging endeavors. Thank you to the rest of my thesis committee, namely Geoff Blake, Evan Kirby, and Chuck Steidel for their support, helpful conversations, and insightful questions. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to collaborate with Brendan Bowler. His talk at Caltech my second year of graduate school introduced me to an unexpected population of massive wide-separation planetary-mass companions, and lead to a long-running collaboration from which several of my thesis projects were born.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects of Detecting the Polarimetric Signature of the Earth-Mass Planet Α Centauri B B with SPHERE/ZIMPOL
    A&A 556, A64 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321881 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Prospects of detecting the polarimetric signature of the Earth-mass planet α Centauri B b with SPHERE/ZIMPOL J. Milli1,2, D. Mouillet1,D.Mawet2,H.M.Schmid3, A. Bazzon3, J. H. Girard2,K.Dohlen4, and R. Roelfsema3 1 Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), University Joseph Fourier, CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile 3 Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 4 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM),13388 Marseille, France Received 12 May 2013 / Accepted 4 June 2013 ABSTRACT Context. Over the past five years, radial-velocity and transit techniques have revealed a new population of Earth-like planets with masses of a few Earth masses. Their very close orbit around their host star requires an exquisite inner working angle to be detected in direct imaging and sets a challenge for direct imagers that work in the visible range, such as SPHERE/ZIMPOL. Aims. Among all known exoplanets with less than 25 Earth masses we first predict the best candidate for direct imaging. Our primary objective is then to provide the best instrument setup and observing strategy for detecting such a peculiar object with ZIMPOL. As a second step, we aim at predicting its detectivity. Methods. Using exoplanet properties constrained by radial velocity measurements, polarimetric models and the diffraction propaga- tion code CAOS, we estimate the detection sensitivity of ZIMPOL for such a planet in different observing modes of the instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • Naming the Extrasolar Planets
    Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.
    [Show full text]
  • A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
    Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun­ damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short).
    [Show full text]
  • 1903Apj 18. .3415 the SPECTRUM of O CETL' by Joel Stebbins. On
    .3415 18. 1903ApJ THE SPECTRUM OF o CETL' By Joel Stebbins. On account of the great instrumental power required for the observation of the spectra of faint objects, changes in the spectra of long-period variable stars have not been well studied. In fact, there is no star which undergoes a large variation in bright- ness whose spectrum has been systematically followed from maxi- mum to minimum, or vice versa. It is proposed to give here the results of a study of the spectrum of o Ceti> or Mira, made, at the suggestion of Director Campbell, with the thirty-six-inch refractor of the Lick Observatory, from June 1902 to January 1903. During this period the star faded in brightness from 3.8 to 9.0 magnitude. The first photograph of the spectrum was obtained about three weeks after the predicted time of maximum, and a series of plates was secured covering the interval to mini- mum. No negatives were obtained after the star had again begun to increase in brightness. The most important articles concerning the spectrum of Mira are those of Vogel,2 Sidgreaves,3 and Campbell.4 Neither Vogel nor Sidgreaves followed the star long enough to find much change in its spectrum, and Campbell’s work was mainly in con- nection with observations of the star for radial velocity, with the Mills spectrograph. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS. The spectrograph used in my observations was the one employed rby Messrs. Campbell and Wright in their work on 1 “ Dissertation in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of California,” Lick Observatory Bulletin No.
    [Show full text]
  • FIXED STARS a SOLAR WRITER REPORT for Churchill Winston WRITTEN by DIANA K ROSENBERG Page 2
    FIXED STARS A SOLAR WRITER REPORT for Churchill Winston WRITTEN BY DIANA K ROSENBERG Page 2 Prepared by Cafe Astrology cafeastrology.com Page 23 Churchill Winston Natal Chart Nov 30 1874 1:30 am GMT +0:00 Blenhein Castle 51°N48' 001°W22' 29°‚ 53' Tropical ƒ Placidus 02' 23° „ Ý 06° 46' Á ¿ 21° 15° Ý 06' „ 25' 23° 13' Œ À ¶29° Œ 28° … „ Ü É Ü 06° 36' 26' 25° 43' Œ 51'Ü áá Œ 29° ’ 29° “ àà … ‘ à ‹ – 55' á á 55' á †32' 16° 34' ¼ † 23° 51'Œ 23° ½ † 06' 25° “ ’ † Ê ’ ‹ 43' 35' 35' 06° ‡ Š 17° 43' Œ 09° º ˆ 01' 01' 07° ˆ ‰ ¾ 23° 22° 08° 02' ‡ ¸ Š 46' » Ï 06° 29°ˆ 53' ‰ Page 234 Astrological Summary Chart Point Positions: Churchill Winston Planet Sign Position House Comment The Moon Leo 29°Le36' 11th The Sun Sagittarius 7°Sg43' 3rd Mercury Scorpio 17°Sc35' 2nd Venus Sagittarius 22°Sg01' 3rd Mars Libra 16°Li32' 1st Jupiter Libra 23°Li34' 1st Saturn Aquarius 9°Aq35' 5th Uranus Leo 15°Le13' 11th Neptune Aries 28°Ar26' 8th Pluto Taurus 21°Ta25' 8th The North Node Aries 25°Ar51' 8th The South Node Libra 25°Li51' 2nd The Ascendant Virgo 29°Vi55' 1st The Midheaven Gemini 29°Ge53' 10th The Part of Fortune Capricorn 8°Cp01' 4th Chart Point Aspects Planet Aspect Planet Orb App/Sep The Moon Semisquare Mars 1°56' Applying The Moon Trine Neptune 1°10' Separating The Moon Trine The North Node 3°45' Separating The Moon Sextile The Midheaven 0°17' Applying The Sun Semisquare Jupiter 0°50' Applying The Sun Sextile Saturn 1°52' Applying The Sun Trine Uranus 7°30' Applying Mercury Square Uranus 2°21' Separating Mercury Opposition Pluto 3°49' Applying Venus Sextile
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Sky & Telescope
    TRANSIT MYSTERY Strange sights BINOCULAR TOUR Dive deep into SHOOT THE MOON Take amazing as Mercury crosses the Sun p28 Virgo’s endless pool of galaxies p56 lunar images with your smartphone p38 TEST REPORT Meade’s 25-cm LX600-ACF P62 THE ESSENTIAL MAGAZINE OF ASTRONOMY Lasers and advanced optics are transforming astronomy p20 HOW TO BUY THE RIGHT ASTRO CAMERA p32 p14 ISSUE 93 MAPPING THE BIG BANG’S COSMIC ECHOES $9.50 NZ$9.50 INC GST LPI-GLPI-G LUNAR,LUNAR, PLANETARYPLANETARY IMAGERIMAGER ANDAND GUIDERGUIDER ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY MADE EASY. Let the LPI-G unleash the inner astrophotographer in you. With our solar, lunar and planetary guide camera, experience the universe on a whole new level. 0Image Sensor:'+(* C O LOR 0 Pixel Size / &#*('+ 0Frames per second/Resolution• / • / 0 Image Format: #,+$)!&))'!,# .# 0 Shutter%,*('#(%%#'!"-,,* 0Interface: 0Driver: ASCOM compatible 0GuiderPort: 0Color or Monochrome Models (&#'!-,-&' FEATURED DEALERS: MeadeTelescopes Adelaide Optical Centre | www.adelaideoptical.com.au MeadeInstrument The Binocular and Telescope Shop | www.bintel.com.au MeadeInstruments www.meade.com Sirius Optics | www.sirius-optics.com.au The device to free you from your handbox. With the Stella adapter, you can wirelessly control your GoTo Meade telescope at a distance without being limited by cord length. Paired with our new planetarium app, *StellaAccess, astronomers now have a graphical interface for navigating the night sky. STELLA WI-FI ADAPTER / $#)'$!!+#!+ #$#)'#)$##)$#'&*' / (!-')-$*')!($%)$$+' "!!$#$)(,#%',).( StellaAccess app. Available for use on both phones and tablets. /'$+((()$!'%!#)'*")($'!$)##!'##"$'$*) stars, planets, celestial bodies and more /$,'-),',### -' ($),' /,,,$"$')*!!!()$$"%)!)!($%( STELLA is controlled with Meade’s planetarium app, StellaAccess. Available for purchase for both iOS S and Android systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Surprising That the Method Begins to Break Down at This Point
    152 ASTRONOMY: W. S. ADAMS hanced lines in the early F stars are normally so prominent that it is not surprising that the method begins to break down at this point. To illustrate the use of the formulae and curves we may select as il- lustrations a few stars of different spectral types and magnitudes. These are collected in Table II. The classification is from Mount Wilson determinations. TABLE H ~A M PARAIuAX srTATYP_________________ (a) I(b) (C) (a) (b) c) Mean Comp. Ob. Pi 10U96.... 7.6F5 -0.7 +0.7 +3.0 +6.5 4.7 5.8 5.7 +0#04 +0.04 Sun........ GO -0.5 +0.5 +3.0 +5.6 4.3 5.8 5.2 Lal. 38287.. 7.2 G5 -1.8 +1.5 +3.5 +7.4 +6.3 +6.2 7.3 +0.10 +0.09 a Arietis... 2.2K0O +2.5 -2.4 +0.2 +1.0 1.3 +0.2 0.8 +0.05 +0.09 aTauri.... 1.1K5 +3.0 -2.0 +0.5 -0.4 +1.9 +0.5 0.7 +0.08 +0.07 61' Cygni...6.3K8 -1.8 +5.8 +7.7 +8.2 9.3 8.9 8.8 +0.32 +0.31 Groom. 34..8.2 Ma -2.2 +6.8 +9.2 +10.2 10.5 10.4 10.4 +0.28 +0.28 The parallaxes are computed from the absolute magnitudes by the formula, to which reference has already been made, 5 logr = M - m - 5. The results are given in the next to the last column of the table, and the measured parallaxes in the final column.
    [Show full text]
  • Across the Atlantic: Canada's MOST
    The CoRoT Legacy Book c The authors, 2016 DOI: 10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c014 I.4 Across the Atlantic: Canada’s MOST J. M. Matthews Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada contractors were Dynacon, and CRESTech (Centre for 1. Windows of opportunity Research in Earth & Space Technology). John Pazder be- In the mid-1990s, it seemed like the only way Canadian came the optics designer and Peter Ceravolo would fabri- astronomers could have direct access to space-based ultra- cate the main optics. precise photometry for asteroseismology was to be a minor The project was renamed MOST, for Microvariabil- partner in a European satellite mission. In fact, with this ity & Oscillations of STars/Microvariabilit´eet Oscillations in mind, in 1996 Jaymie Matthews (University of British STellaire. Its original scientific objectives were: (1) astero- Columbia) submitted an unsolicited proposal to the Cana- seismology of solar-type stars; (2) asteroseismology of roAp dian Space Agency for Canada to participate in Eddington (rapidly oscillating Ap) stars; (3) characterization of Wolf- at a level of a few Can$M. Rayet star winds and search for pulsations; and (4) mea- Then two unexpected windows opened right after one surement of exoplanet albedo. another. MOST won the Phase A competition and was selected The first window was built by aerospace engineer Kieran to be Canada's first microsatellite and first space telescope. Carroll and opened by astronomer Slavek Rucinski. Rucin- ski attended a talk by Carroll whose company, Dynacon Inc. had developed a new Attitude Control System (ACS).
    [Show full text]
  • ESO Annual Report 2004 ESO Annual Report 2004 Presented to the Council by the Director General Dr
    ESO Annual Report 2004 ESO Annual Report 2004 presented to the Council by the Director General Dr. Catherine Cesarsky View of La Silla from the 3.6-m telescope. ESO is the foremost intergovernmental European Science and Technology organi- sation in the field of ground-based as- trophysics. It is supported by eleven coun- tries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Created in 1962, ESO provides state-of- the-art research facilities to European astronomers and astrophysicists. In pur- suit of this task, ESO’s activities cover a wide spectrum including the design and construction of world-class ground-based observational facilities for the member- state scientists, large telescope projects, design of innovative scientific instruments, developing new and advanced techno- logies, furthering European co-operation and carrying out European educational programmes. ESO operates at three sites in the Ataca- ma desert region of Chile. The first site The VLT is a most unusual telescope, is at La Silla, a mountain 600 km north of based on the latest technology. It is not Santiago de Chile, at 2 400 m altitude. just one, but an array of 4 telescopes, It is equipped with several optical tele- each with a main mirror of 8.2-m diame- scopes with mirror diameters of up to ter. With one such telescope, images 3.6-metres. The 3.5-m New Technology of celestial objects as faint as magnitude Telescope (NTT) was the first in the 30 have been obtained in a one-hour ex- world to have a computer-controlled main posure.
    [Show full text]
  • Nov 2016 Newsletter
    Volume22, Issue 3 NWASNEWS November 2016 Newsletter for the Wiltshire, Swindon, Beckington WHAT DO WANT FROM YOUR SOCIETY? Astronomical Societies and Salisbury Plain Firstly can I welcome our returning In the early years there may have been Wiltshire Society Page 2 speaker Philip Perkins who last came to more beginners experiences, especially us when we met over the road in the WI where I was learning the hard way myself, Swindon Stargazers 3 hall. not worried about putting my mistakes to the society so, hopefully, they may learn Beckington and SPOG 4 His imaging of the night sky is really in- from my mistakes. spirational, making the transition from Space Place What kind of plan- 5 film (hyposensitising film was no joke) Would somebody like to write a beginners ets could be at Proxima then moving over to digital. piece every month? It doesn't have to be Centauri. all your own work. His work can be seen on his website Space News: Falcon X, 6-13 Astrocruise.com. He has an observatory Saturn’s hex changes colour. in the south of France, but also does a lot At last we have our darker skies with Mars probe crash site. of imaging from here in Wiltshire near longer nights, it may bring cold and some How many planets in Milky Way Aldbourne. cloud, but did you know there are more Pluto and Charon data at last cloudy nights in August than in Decem- Argentine 30tonne meteorite ber? It is just a case of wrapping up warm Formation of the Earth What I have noticed is the drop in sub- and getting out there.
    [Show full text]