I UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO

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I UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA Thiago Camargo Iwamoto A REPERCUSSÃO DA INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS TRANSEXUAIS NO ESPORTE: O DISCURSO NAS REDES SOCIAIS SOBRE O CASO DA JOGADORA TIFANNY Brasília – DF 2019 i Thiago Camargo Iwamoto A REPERCUSSÃO DA INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS TRANSEXUAIS NO ESPORTE: O DISCURSO NAS REDES SOCIAIS SOBRE O CASO DA JOGADORA TIFANNY Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física da Universidade de Brasília, como requisito para obtenção de título de Doutor em Educação Física. Orientadora: profª. Drª. Dulce Maria Filgueira de Almeida. Brasília – DF 2019 i A REPERCUSSÃO DA INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS TRANSEXUAIS NO ESPORTE: O DISCURSO NAS REDES SOCIAIS SOBRE O CASO DA JOGADORA TIFANNY Thiago Camargo Iwamoto Esta tese foi avaliada e aprovada para obtenção do título de doutor em Educação Física no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade de Brasília, na linha de pesquisa Estudos Sociais e Pedagógicos da Educação Física, Esporte e Lazer. Aprovado pela banca examinadora em 05 de julho de 2019. BANCA EXAMINADORA Profª. Drª Dulce Maria Filgueira de Almeida (Orientadora – FEF/UnB) Profª. Drª. Júlia Aparecida Devidé Nogueira (FEF/UnB) Profº. Dr. Fabiano Pries Devide (FEF/UFF) Profº. Dr. Made Junior Miranda (ESEFFEGO/UEG) Profª. Drª. Ingrid Dittrich Wiggers (Suplente- FEF/UnB) ii DEDICATÓRIA Dedico esse trabalho para minha mãe Rosemeire da Silva Camargo, as minhas irmãs Thaeny Camargo Gregorutty e Ana Luiza Camargo Pires, que sempre estiveram presentes na minha vida. Em especial a minha mãe por ser meu suporte e por oportunizar todas as condições para eu chegar até esse momento. Dedico a todos os meus amigos e amigas que partilharam comigo esses momentos. Dedico a toda a população LGBTQI (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transgêneros, Queers, e Intersexos) e todxs que se sentem de algum forma menosprezados pelas instituições culturais e sociais, sobretudo as estruturas simbólicas, que delimitam as questões de gênero e sexualidade à perspectiva binária. A todxs que se sentiram feridos e ameaçados perante a sociedade heterocisnormativa, tendo que por vezes ocultar comportamentos, identidades, sexualidades, pensamentos, afetividades, etc., para se adequarem as estruturas sociais. Não poderia esquecer de dedicar a todxs que já foram alvos de violências veladas ou não, a aqueles de já pensaram ou cometeram suicídios por não suportar a hipocrisia de uma sociedade machista e LGBTQIfóbica. Ademais, dedico esse trabalho à todas as pessoas transgêneras, em particular as pessoas transexuais, que lutam todos os dias para poderem ingressar nos diversos campos da sociedade, incluindo os esportes. Dedico esse material a aqueles, políticos ou não, que corroboram para as políticas inclusivas para a comunidade LGBTQI de modo geral. Que a democracia, o direito de ir e vir em qualquer ambiente, de assumir o gênero, a sexualidade e identidade de gênero nunca seja condicionado a princípios e valores ortodoxos de uma camada política e religiosa que tenta deslegitimar todxs aqueles que não seguem os preceitos proferidos por esses. Que toda e qualquer forma de se identificar, de ser, de amor, seja aceita na sociedade. Por políticas públicas que garantam os direitos para todxs, independente de gênero, sexualidade e outros fatores. Que o país, as leis, a justiça, a igualdade e o direito aos esportes seja para todxs e não somente para grupos favorecidos e que corroboram com o atual “(des)governo” e são privilegiados por esse. Ninguém solta a mão de ninguém! iii AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente tenho a agradeceu a Deus e aos mentores espirituais pelas bênçãos e conquistas obtidas nesses últimos anos, sobretudo como guias em uma jornada repleta de desafios e obstáculos árduos. Sem a proteção e a iluminação de Deus e dos mentores espirituais não conseguiria obter forças e paciência para atingir meus objetivos. A minha mãe Rosemeire da Silva Camargo, que me deu todo o apoio durante toda a vida, estando sempre ao meu lado, como amiga, companheira e conselheira. Tenho a imagem dela como uma grande heroína que possibilitou as melhores condições para que eu e minhas irmãs conseguíssemos atingir nossos objetivos e sermos quem somos hoje, com valores e princípios humanos. Essa mulher, que mesmo sem ter completado o ensino fundamental foi capaz de proporcionar educação, saúde e outras condições para que tornássemos pessoas dignas, respeitosas e focadas em nossos objetivos. Tenho muito orgulho e respeito por tê-la como mãe! Agradeço as minhas irmãs, Thaeny Camargo Gregorutty e Ana Luiza Camargo Pires, pelos momentos de companheirismo e de paciência, além de entenderem esse meu momento de doutoramento. Momento que por vezes estive ausente, mas que não diminui o meu amor por elas. Ao Ivan Munir Abdalla Jibril por ter sido o grande companheiro nesses últimos anos, entendendo esse momento e se dispondo a me ajudar com todos os afazeres do dia-a-dia. Pelos momentos de descontração, por todo o cuidado e carinho que teve comigo, me permitindo ter condições para concretizar mais essa fase da vida. Além de ter sido minha base emocional para que eu não desistisse. Uma pessoas que tenho uma profunda admiração! Agradeço a minha orientadora doutora Dulce Maria Filgueira de Almeida que me possibilitou um novo olhar sobre o corpo, gênero, sexualidade e cultura, e sobre todas as questões referentes a pesquisas. Agradeço a ela pelos momentos de aprendizado, de preocupação com seus orientados e com aqueles ao redor. Infelizmente, gostaria de estar mais presente e próximo, para que pudéssemos manter um diálogo mais amplo. No entanto, mesmo com as dificuldades que tive em manter dois trabalhos com elevada carga horária, entre as idas e vindas entre Goiânia – Brasília, ela sempre esteve disposta a me auxiliar e principalmente compreendendo as minhas limitações e situações. Não poderia deixar de agradecer ao grupo de Estudos Necon (Núcleo de Estudos do Corpo e Natureza) e todxs aqueles que ali estiveram, oportunizando momentos de debates e iv enriquecimento pessoal e profissional. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física da Universidade de Brasília, que direta e/ou indiretamente participaram desse processo de formação. Aos professores membros da banca, Júlia Aparecida Devidé Nogueira, Fabiano Pries Devide, Made Junior Miranda e Ingrid Dittrich Wiggers, pelo carinho e cuidado que tiveram em se dispor a contribuírem para o enriquecimento desse trabalho. Minha eterna gratidão! As amizades conquistas e fortalecidas durante o doutorado. Valléria, Reigler, Francisca Islândia, Jéssica, Letícia e Eugênia, que estiveram sempre presentes durante esse processo de doutoramento, com diálogos enriquecedores a caminho de Brasília. Amizade que se estende para além do universo acadêmico. Agradeço aos meus amigos e amigas, que entenderam esse momento de distanciamento físico, mas que sempre estiveram me incentivando para conseguir terminar meus estudos. Com carinho agradeço a Fernanda Bueno Belchior, Jerônimo Venâncio, Michelle Oliveira, Amanda Jardim e Antônio Júnior. Os agradecimentos também se estendem aos meus colegas de trabalho da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, em especial ao professor Isaías Moreira Ferraz Júnior – Coordenador do Curso de Educação Física, professora Izabel Collus e Maria Rita Santana. Esses que oportunizou condições para que eu pudesse ter os momentos de estudos em Brasília. No mais quero agradecer a todxs que me deram apoio para conquistar mais uma vitória. E afirmo que essa vitória não é só minha, e sim de todxs nós! v Versões tóxicas da masculinidade e da feminilidade acabam gerando agressões a quem ousa delas se distanciar no seu exercício de direito fundamental e humano ao livre desenvolvimento da personalidade, sob o espantalho moral criado por fundamentalistas religiosos e reacionários morais com referência à chamada ideologia de gênero. (Ministro José Celso de Mello Filho, 2019) vi RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma Análise de Conteúdo a partir dos comentários presentes na rede social, especificamente no Facebook, construídos acerca da transexualidade no contexto esportivo, considerando a inclusão e a permanência da jogadora de voleibol Tifanny. Como metodologia foi utilizado o método de análise documental, a fim de realizar uma análise de conteúdo presente no Facebook. Para a realização dessa análise foram seguidos quatro procedimentos: organização da análise; codificação; categorização; tratamento, inferência e interpretação dos resultados. Os comentários foram coletados a partir de um perfil do Facebook, “Quebrando o Tabu”, sobretudo em uma postagem referente à jogadora Tifanny Abreu e seu desempenho em quadra do dia 01 de fevereiro de 2018. Sobre esse fato, é importante salientar que a sociedade é construída a partir de um movimento social, histórico e cultural, não se caracterizando como uma organização inflexível. As transformações e evoluções das teorias de gênero e sexualidade têm apresentado diversas concepções de acordo com a conjuntura presente da sociedade, atendendo e estudando as necessidades e interesses de grupos minoritários. Gênero e sexualidade compõem uma temática polêmica, por ser discutida em uma realidade social definida pelos dispositivos binários de gênero, sobretudo, por uma organização heterossexista, patriarcal, masculina e machista, que a partir de convenções estabelecem determinados comportamentos e pensamentos que devem se
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