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COSTA, PATRICIA KURTZ DA.Pdf (5.132Mb) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGROBIOLOGIA ASPECTOS DA ONTOGENIA, GINOSPOROGÊNESE E GINOGAMETOGÊNESE EM Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera E Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. (BARNADESIOIDEAE-ASTERACEAE) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Patrícia Kurtz da Costa Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2014 ASPECTOS DA ONTOGENIA GINOSPOROGÊNESE E GINOGAMETOGÊNESE EM Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera E Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. (BARNADESIOIDEAE-ASTERACEAE) Patrícia Kurtz da Costa Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM/RS), como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Agrobiologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2014 Ficha catalográfica elaborada através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Central da UFSM, com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Kurtz da Costa, Patrícia ASPECTOS DA ONTOGENIA, GINOSPOROGÊNESE E GINOGAMETOGÊNSE EM Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. e Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabreira (BARNADESIOIDEAE - ASTERACEAE) / Patrícia Kurtz da Costa.- 2014. 124 p.; 30cm Orientador: João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia, RS, 2014 1. Barnadesioideae 2. Ginosporogênese 3. Ginogametogênese 4. Rudimento Seminal 5. Desenvolvimento I. Santos de Oliveira, João Marcelo II. Título. 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGROBIOLOGIA A Comissão Examinadora, abaixo assinada, aprova a Dissertação de Mestrado ASPECTOS DA ONTOGENIA, GINOSPOROGÊNESE E GINOGAMETOGÊNESE EM Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera E Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. (BARNADESIOIDEAE- ASTERACEAE) elaborada por Patrícia Kurtz da Costa como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Agrobiologia COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA: ___________________________________ João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira, Dr (Presidente/Orientador) ________________________________________ Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath, Dr. (UFRGS) ___________________________________ Daniela Guimaraes Simão, Drª (UFSM) Santa Maria, 14 de março de 2014 Dedico a meus pais, irmãos e a todos os admiradores da embriologia vegetal. AGRADECIMENTOS A minha família pelo apoio, incentivo, por estarem sempre ao meu lado e por compreenderem minha ausência durante estes dois anos. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira por se dedicar a minha formação acadêmica, estando sempre disposto a ajudar, bem como pelas horas de estudo dispensadas, as quais foram fundamentais para a realização deste trabalho. A Bruna Palese Thies Lopes pela amizade, ajuda nas coletas e confecção do material botânico, indispensável para a realização deste trabalho. Aos amigos e colegas do Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural César Carvalho de Freitas, Cristiele Spat, Mariane P. Dorneles, Marisa B. Abbad, Merielem Saldanha Martins, Jaqueline S. Sartori e Jordano Tavares pelo apoio, auxílio técnico, discussões acadêmicas, ajuda nas coletas do material botânico e pelo convívio diário. A Prof. Dr. Thais Scotti do Canto-Dorow, pela identificação das espécies e por disponibilizar sua propriedade para as coletas do material botânico de uma das espécies do presente estudo. A Prof. Dr. Solange Tedesco pelo auxílio na identificação das fases da prófase meiótica. Ao Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal – IB/ UFRGS pelo auxílio na execução de rotinas laboratoriais para microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A Marília Kurtz Crema pela ajuda na confecção das tabelas e conferências das referências bibliográficas. As minhas amigas e colegas de mestrado Ana Paula Cassol, Juliana Ferreira, Maria Carolina S. Figueiredo e Rosangela G. Nunes pelo companheirismo e apoio durante as aulas e incentivo e discussões acadêmicas. A CAPES pelo apoio financeiro. A todos aqueles que, de alguma forma, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho o meu MUITO OBRIGADA. "Deus nos concede, a cada dia, uma página de vida nova no livro do tempo. Aquilo que colocarmos nela, corre por nossa conta." (Chico Xavier) RESUMO Dissertação de Mestrado Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria ASPECTOS DA ONTOGENIA, GINOSPOROGÊNESE E GINOGAMETOGÊNESE EM Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera E Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. (BARNADESIOIDEAE-ASTERACEAE) Autora: Patrícia Kurtz da Costa Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira Data e Local da Defesa: Santa Maria, 14 de março de 2014 Asteraceae despertou interesse de muitos embriologistas devido a grande variabilidade das características embriológicas. Apesar disso, nada é sabido sobre a embriologia nas espécies de Barnadesioideae, sua subfamília basal. Sendo assim este trabalho objetiva descrever os processos de ginosporogênese e ginogametogênese em duas espécies de Barnadesioideae, Sclechtendalia luzulaefolia, considerada basal e irmã das demais pertencentes a família, e Dasyphyllum brasiliense cujo o gênero por vezes também foi considerado basal. Ambas as espécies são nativas do Rio Grande do Sul. S. luzulaefolia foi coletada em São Pedro do Sul, RS, Brasil e D. brasiliense em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil e em São Pedro do Sul, RS, Brasil. A corola é o primeiro verticilo floral a surgir em ambas as espécies, seguida pelo androceu, cálice e gineceu em S. luzulaefolia e pelo cálice, androceu e gineceu em D. brasiliense. O rudimento seminal tenuinucelado incompleto, a presença de tegumento assimétrico e de endotélio de origem dupla (funicular e tegumentar) são resultados inéditos para Asteraceae. O arquespório é usualmente unicelular, mas rudimentos seminais com duas células arquesporiais foram observados. Em Sclechtendalia luzulaefolia dois tipos de tétrade estão presentes, sendo a tétrade linear mais comum do que a tétrade com ginósporos pareados. O tipo de desenvolvimento do ginófito em D. brasiliense pode ser um indício de sua posição derivada para Barnadesioideae, já que possui ginófito bispórico do tipo Allium e em S. luzulaefolia o ginófito é monospórico do tipo Polygonum, integrando-se a estas características a simultaneidade dos ciclos mitóticos e da celularização do ginófito. O ginófito maduro é 4- celular, em ambas as espécies, devido degeneração das antípodas, o que pode configurar um caráter plesiomórfico para a família. As sinérgides estendem-se para o interior do canal micropilar e possuem um aparelho fibrilar de morfologia típica para Asteraceae. Somente em S. luzulaefolia foi observada a presença de parede labiríntica da célula média e espessamento de parede tipo flange em células do endotélio e canal micropilar. Portanto, neste trabalho foi possível identificar características comuns à S. luzulaefolia e D. brasiliense que podem ser considerados basais para Asteraceae e diagnósticas para Barnadesioideae, bem como caracteres embriológicos que corroboram a posição derivada de D. brasiliense nesta subfamília. Palavras-chave: Asteraceae. Barnadesioideae. Desenvolvimento. Ginosporogênese. Ginogametogênese. Rudimento Seminal. ABSTRACT Master Course Dissertation Postgraduate Program in Agrobiologia Federal University of Santa Maria ASPECTS OF ONTOGENY, GINOSPOROGENESIS AND GINOGAMETOGENESIS IN Dasyphyllum brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera AND Schlechtendalia luzulaefolia Less. (BARNADESIOIDEAE- ASTERACEAE) Author: Patrícia Kurtz da Costa Adviser: João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira Defense Place and Date: Santa Maria, june 14th, 2014. Asteraceae has attracted many embryologists because of its high variability of the embryological features. Nevertheless, nothing is known about the embryology of the species basal subfamily, Barnadesioideae. Thus, this paper aims to describe the processes of ginosporogenesis and ginogametogenesis in two species of Barnadesioideae, Sclechtendalia luzulaefolia, considered basal and sister to the other species that belong to family and Dasyphyllum brasiliense whose genus was also sometimes considered basal. Both species are native to Rio Grande do Sul. S. luzulaefolia was collected in São Pedro do Sul, RS, Brazil and D. brasiliense in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil and in São Pedro do Sul, RS, Brazil. The corolla is the first floral whorl to arise in both species, followed by the androecium, gynoecium and calyx in S. luzulaefolia; calyx, androecium and gynoecium in D. brasiliense. Tenuinucellate incomplete ovule, asymmetric integument and dual origin endothelium (funicule and integument) are new results for Asteraceae. The archesporium is usually unicellular, but ovules with two archesporial cells were observed. In S. luzulaefolia two types of tetrad are present, the linear tetrad being more commom than the tetrad with paired ginospores. The ginophyte development pattern in D. brasiliense can be an indication of its derived position in Barnadesioideae, since it has bisporic ginophyte of the Allium type and in S. luzulaefolia where ginophyte is monosporic of the Polygonum type, integrating these features simultaneity of mitotic cycles and cellularization of ginófito. The mature ginophyte is 4-cell, in both species, because of the degeneration of the antipodes, which can configure a plesiomorphic character for the family. The synergids extend into the micropile canal and they have fibrillar apparatus of typical morphology for Asteraceae. Labyrinthine walls of the middle cell and flange
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