July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17023 Arsa W. Weiman, Constableville. PENNSYLVANIA Harold J. Dawson, Layton. Roger A. Callahan, Dover Plains. Nicholas LaUch, Duquesne. Warren L. Marble, Monroe. Beatrice P. McCormack, Eddyville. George W. Shuman, Elizebethtown. Robert A. Comaby, Pleasant Grove. Grace D. Witbeck, Feura Bush. Richard E. Sweigart, Ephrata. VERMON'l' Charles R. Tarbox, Gowanda. Joseph E. Tra.vascio, Essington. Helen B. Horne, Jeffersonville. Joseph 0. Kline, Great Neck. Ralph Gill, Fayette City. Roger P. Hastings, Groton. Joseph J. Drake, Hawley. Hadley A. McPhetres, Randolph Center. James R. Hicks, Lowman. Marguerite C. Puskar, Imperial. VIRGINIA Barbara 0. Bush, Marion. Michael A. Elias, Irwin. Daniel E. Crismap, Sandston. Edward J. McGlade, Otisville. W. Elliot Jones, Kelton. John W. J. McCaughin, Ticonderoga. Jack Montanile, Leetsdale. WASHINGTON Joseph B. Scott, Whitehall. Joseph P. Foley, Mahoney City. Arthur K. Lowe, Ashford. NORTH CAROLINA George W. Glattacker, Maytown. Gerald 0. Rhea, Bellingham. Andrew J. Garner III, Ashville. Ellsworth J. Conway, Mill Hall. Jack H. Hardin, Lynden. Weston H. Willis, Jacksonville. Paul C. Brasch, North Wales. WEEn VIRGINIA Paul P. Hinkle, Salisbury. Donald J. Kelchner, Jr., Orangeville. Irving E. Rath, Pillow. Louis F. Williams, oameron. Cannon G. Ward, Sugar Grove. Daniel R. Mace, Elizabeth. Charles L. McKaig, Tryon. Elizabeth P. Durinzi, Republic. E. Louise Goldsboro, Smithfield. WISCONSIN NORTH DAKOTA Paul V. Gibson, Southampton. Richard D. Huttner, Dresser. Marshall W. Beightol, Winburne. Stanley M. Lund, Bowdon. John A. Oberto, Iron Belt. Francis J. Slag, Hebron. RHODE ISLAND Curtis A. Talley, Lansford. l!ha.ine 8. Chwe.la, Johnson Creek. Vincent Fasano, Bristol. Patricia F. Tessmer, Junction City. OHIO Henry A. Correia, Portsmouth. Sylvan H. Erickson, Luck. Angela L. Richardson, Custar. Norman C. Salvatore, Warren. Kathleen M. Bink, Malone. Paul C. Barrett, Mineral Ridge. SOUTH CAR OLIN A Joseph P. Wergin, McFarland. James M. Soulsby, Pomeroy. Joseph C. Forgie, Oconto. Fred C. Carey, Robertsville. Clara P. Riley, Piedmont. Eula c. Dunn, Warrenville. William P. Roth, Prairie du Sac. OKLAHOMA SOUTH DAKOTA Jerome G. Kosterman, Richfield. James A. Pulliam, Dewar. Duane B. McMahon, Colton. Frederick L. Stich, Stitzer. 0. P. Marshall, Miami. Signe K. Loseth, Roslyn. Kenneth Felker, Tomah. Melvin L. Turner, Rose. WYOMING Betty F. Carder, Tryon. TENNESSEE Charles H. Haney, Jr., Minor Hill. Edmond D. Storrs, Alcova. OREGON Gene R. Stapleton, Guernsey. TEXAS Russell L. Keil, Bend. IN THE PuBLIC HEALTH SERVICE John H. Brader, Chemult. William M. Johnson, Jr., Alta Loma. Esma G. Hoover, Kinzua. Olin 0. Elliott, Grandview. The nominations beginning J. Robert Lind­ Merle T. Beck, Mapleton. John R. Madd~x . Mingus. say, to be senior surgeon, and ending Ronald Donald E. Tomlin, Mount Hood. Billie M. Wight, Somerville. L. Jacobson, to be as&istant health services Robert M. Dort, Riddle. UTAH officer, which nominations were received by Iona A. Barclay, Troutdale. Marjorie A. Predovich, Dragerton. the Senate and appeared in the CONGRES• Robert A. Green, West Linn. Donna M. McKinnon, Hiawatha. SIONAL RECORD on June 21, 1966.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

A Tribute to the Remarkable Taggart wedding anniversary. In the earlier Mary Louise, who keeps alive the two­ family there were 16 children born, and party tradition in the family. The chil­ Family at their 50th wedding anniversary the dren are: 15 living children of that family each Ruth, now Mrs. Quentin Blair of Cody. EXTENSION OF REMARKS perfonned a musical rendition. Lloyd Welch, the president of Taggart OF As reported by the Lovell, Wyo., Chron­ Construction Co., Cody. HON. TENO RONCALIO icle in those days, after an hour of danc­ Jesse McNiven, the vice president of ing there was a musical program by the Taggart Construction Co., Cody. OF WYOMING Taggart family. The nine stalwart sons IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mary Louise, now Mrs. William H. and six beautiful daughters rendered a Greever, the wife of a Cody engineer. Monday, July 25, 1966 series of old songs learned in childhood. Harriet, now Mrs. Joe Brytus, the wife Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, it is The Chronicle had this to say: of a retired officer of the U.S. Air Force, a remarkable thing these days when the The presentation of such a musiool pro­ living in Sheridan, Wyo. gram, displaying professional talent on the family unit of our society can be recog­ part of the soloists, to say nothing of the Becky Barbara, Mrs. Jay Watkins, wife nized as a powerful force for good in its wonderful harmony produced by the chorus, of the president of W.M.K. Transit Mix, own right, as is being done in Wyoming was the more remarkable from a single Las Vegas, Nev. this week, when the entire State pays family. To those privileged to hear it, it was Scott Hinckley, a Boeing aircraft engi­ tribute to one of its outstanding clans, perhaps the only occasion of the kind in a neer, Paris, France. the Taggar.; family of the Big Horn lifetime. More remarkable was the picture Raye Rita, Mrs. Scott Graham, the Basin in Wyoming. the group presented on the stage. Fifteen wife of an investment consultant in New In 75 years of statehood, Wyoming grown men and women, brothers and sisters­ physically perfect, keen mentality, and London, Conn. has only had a Democratic Member of talented far beyond the average who com­ Charles Welch, a real estate invest­ this body for 6 years-only two of my mercialize their talents. And the father and ment broker, Salt Lake city, Utah. predecessors have been of my political mother of this group appearing in equally party; one of these was Paul R. Greever good form with the children. AN INSPIRATION TO YOUNG PEOPLE .of Cody, Wyo., whose son, William H. OUTSTANDING PIONEER FAMILY One of Mr. Taggart's greatest attri­ Greever, is married to one of the nine This is one of the outstanding pioneer butes is that he has always been help­ · children of the "Capo de famiglia, Lloyd families of Wyoming. Lloyd is one of ful to the young people of Wyoming, Taggart. Lloyd and his wife, Louise, are the surviving 4 of the original 16 and I regardless of their ethnic or economic or today celebrating their 50th wedding an­ . want to pay special tribute today to the social status. He was always helping niversary in Cody, Wyo. 9 children of Lloyd and Louise, with 4 of young people at the university while I THE 1920 CELEBRATION whom I was privileged to be a classmate was there. I am proud that he is a In 1920 the parents of IJoyd ~aggart, at the University of Wyoming, and par­ citizen of Wyoming and I consider him 1n Cowley, Wyo., celebrated their 50th ticularly to the one member of the family, an outstanding friend and mentor. 17024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 25, 1966 The Taggart family has been distin­ safety record in the world and the best rec­ these programs for tutoring, independent guished by its talented and hard-working ord !or any 5-yee.r period in the history of study, and general strengthening of com­ American aviation. You have clearly demon­ munity education are working. members. The family embodies many strated that outstanding performance in a Programs under the Library Services and of the everlasting virtues which have critical and complex program can be con­ Construction Act are calling upon coopera­ helped make this country great. Thus, tinually achieved while reducing costs. tion between public librarians and school li­ Mr. Speaker, it is only fitting that they I am pleased to observe that the House brarians in assessing the overall needs of the should receive national recognition by Appropriations Committee, after thoroughly community for expanded library services. this tribute in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. reviewing your program and budget for the Interlibrary agreements will be formed to This Nation and the State of Wyoming 1967 fiscal year, singled out the Federal Avia­ extend the flow of books in areas which must tion Agency for special commendation for be upgraded educationally. send their best wishes to Lloyd and Louise the etficiency and economies achieved in Vocational education programs will place Taggart on their 50th wedding anni­ recent years. greater listings of technical and vocationa! versary and hope for the continued As you know, in my budget message for the education reference books in school libraries. strength and vitality of a great American 1967 fiscal year, I stressed the importance of Programs of the National Foundation on the group, the Taggart family. strengthening the coordination of Federal Arts and the Humanities will bring greater programs in the field and giving more free­ quantities Of instructional materials in these dom of action and judgment to the people two categories to be placed in school on the firing line. The FAA has provided an libraries. example of what can be done to decentralize The Higher Education Act of 1965, which President Praises Administrator McKee of management to field otficials who have the includes a title for community service and Federal Aviation Agency for Record in authority to act promptly and effectively in continuing education programs, will create meeting the needs of the public. Your suc­ an increased request for books on social Economy, Safety, and Public Service cess in establishing regional and area centers problems to be made available in both school of field supervision while simultaneously re­ and public libraries. School librarians will EXTENSION OF REMARKS ducing employment·in field otfices has dem­ be called upon to assist public and school ad­ OF onstrated that decentralization can mean ministrators in pulllng together informa­ better public service ansi more productive tional materials !or the study and solution of HON. JOE 1:.. EVINS use of field personnel. community problems. · OF TENNESSEE I shall count on you and the good people These are just a few of the acts which will at the Federal Aviation .Agency to continue place indirect demands on school librarians . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to provide examples of public service at its as the administrators of school library pro­ Monday, July 25, 1966 best. grams. The act most responsible !or direct Sincerely, involvement of school librarians in new pro­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, LYNDON B. JOHNSON. grams is the Elementary a.nd Secondary one of the most important and one of Education Act of 1965. Because of these new the most difficult positions in our Fed­ responsibiUties, I would like to turn our at­ eral Government today is· that of Ad­ tention to this act !or the next few min­ ministrator of the Federal Aviation Remarks of U.S. Representative John E. utes. Agency, which deals with a scientific and Last year, when considering the proposals Fogarty at New England School Li­ !or strengthening elementary and secondary technical field that is constantly chang­ education in the United States, my colleagues ing and presenting new problems. brary Association Spring Conference, and I were alarmed by·the status 0! school It. is my feeling that this Nation is Newport, R.I., Saturday, May 21, 1966, libraries. We felt that quality in textbooks fortunate to have as the Administrator and school library programs was directly of FAA, Gen. William M. McKee, who is at 1 p.m. related to a student's academic achievement doing an excellent job of guiding the and future educational goals. Yet, almost 70 percent of the public and more than 50 per­ FAA as it fulfills its mission and, at the EXTENSION OF REMARKS cent of the private elementary schools had . same time, instituting an effective cost OF no libraries. Nearly one-hal! of our elemen­ reduction program. tary school children were attending schools As chairman of the Subcommittee on HON. JOHN E. FOGARTY that did not have libraries. Public schools Independent Offices Appropriations, I OF RHODE ISLAND were spending from $2 to $4 less per pupil have some personal knowledge of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than was recommended to maintain even minimum school library standards. Federal Aviation Agency and the way Monday, July 25, 1966 Administrator McKee is responding to As a. result of reports relating to us the this challenge. I can report that upon Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, under extreme needs of schools !or assistance to leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ build up their libraries, we drafted Title II our subcommittee's recommendation the of the Elementary and Secondary Education full Committee on Appropriations ORD, I include the following: Act of 1965. Later, when the bill was passed praised the FAA for its improvement in REMARKS 01' U.S. REPRESENTATIVE JOHN E. by the Congress, the U.S. Otfice of Education efficiency and economy of operations. FOGARTY AT NEW ENGLAND ScHOOL LmRARY and the State Library Agencies joined to­ In this connection, President Johnson ASSOCIATION SPRING CONFERENCE, NEWPORT, gether to administer the program for R.I., SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1966, AT 1 P.M. strengthening school library resources, text­ recently wrote Administrator McKee, I am happy to be here today to address the books, and other instructional materials. emphasizing his record as Administrator New England School Library Association on The State plans that have emerged !rom and commending him for his good work. new legislation and its lmp!loct on school li­ State Library Agencies show great promise I ask unanimous consent that the Presi­ braries. !or the future of school libraries. State "llans dent's letter be prlnted in the CONGRES­ In the past 3 years, it would seem that the had to 111ustrate specific needs by -category SIONAL RECORD because of its interest to Congress has been extremely busy increasing within the three main headings of library my colleagues and to the Nation. the demands to be placed on school librar­ resources, textbooks, and other instructional The letter follows: ians. The Vocational Education Act of 1963, materials. the Library Services and Construction Act of In order to pinpoint such needs, many THE WHITE HOUSE, 1964, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, States had to take inventories of library July 6, 1966. the Higher Education Act of 1965, the Na­ books within each major classification of DEAR Bozo: I have noted with satisfaction tional Foundation on the Arts and the Hu­ the Dewey decimal system !or the first time. the excellent work which you and your asso­ manities Act of 1965, and the Elementary This meant that school library problems ciates at the Federal Aviation Agency have and Secondary Education Act of 1965 are six would no longer be clouded by simply vague been doing In reducing costs a.nd manpower pieces of major legislation that will either statistics on the need for a number of esti­ while absorbing additional workload and directly or indirectly affect school libraries. mated volumes. Each State Library Agency improving service to the public. The poverty pro~ams of the Economic Op­ would have a quick catalog of all school I have taken particular note of your cost portunity Act, as we all know, are creating a library resources and could draw up specific reduction program under which you saved market expansion of library books and text­ title listings of standard volumes to be pur­ $47 m1llion during the 1966 fiscal year. These books geared to the culturally and educa­ chased. Each State Library Agency would savings have been accompanied by a reduc­ tionally deprived. School librarians are also know whether grant funds should be tion in agency employment of more than meeting demands for afterschool programs concentrated on library books or on items · 8,500 employees-a percent-since 1963. and paperback lending libraries !or the un­ such as filmstrips, globes, encyclopedia sets The Agency has succeeded in combining derprivileged with every ounce of their ener­ and classroom reading books. economy in adm1n1stration with a safety pro­ gies. They are being called upon to survey Title II State J?la.ns reflect the reports of gram which has helped the commercial air existing resources and to absorb great quan­ these surveys. Acquistion of library re­ carrJera of the United States achieve the best tities of new resources. And with their help sources has been given priority by the States. July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17025 Every State plan calls for spending at least libraries. The Pittsford, Vermont, Title UI I feel the most significant conclusions half its money from school library resources. project provides a Mobile Library Service to be drawn from the majority of replies Twenty of the 34 State plans require at least Center to transport library and instructional is that our Nation has a vital interest two-thirds of their allotments to be used for materials among nine elementary and one this category. secondary rural schools. In North Provi­ in southeast Asia and that our Vietnam The progress in the New England area dence, Rhode Island, A Center for Reading intervention was justified, specifically to under the Title II program has been ex­ Diagnosis and Remediation will provide re­ resist Communist aggression with force tremely encouraging. In our State of Rhode sources for all remedial reading programs. if necessary. Island, a special Title II coordinator has As you can see, States are really working It is evident that these results would been appointed to the Office of the Commis­ to develop educational resources under the not depict the true story since my ques­ sioner of Education to assure effective ad­ Elementary and Secondary Education Act. tionnaire was mailed a few days prior to ministration of the program. The State The groundwork for better instruction, for plan for Vermont calls for 100 percent of more individualized study, and for excellent the political disturbances in Vietnam. Title II funds to be used for school library school libraries has been done. It is left I am confident that the positions taken resources. It calls for the Director of the to each librarian and each teacher to make by my constituents will be of particular Division of School Libraries to administer the plans really work. At the Congressional interest to my colleagues: Title II. His position is financed by an­ level, we can only pass the legislation. The The results of my poll are: other section of the Elementary and Sec­ hard work of local and State administrators ondary Education Act of 1956. The State coupled with school librarians and teachers Continue our present Vietnam pol- plan for Maine similarly emphasizes library must be counted upon to make programs icy? ------913 resources by call1ng for 100 percent of the effective. I think, judging from the reports Intensify our military efforts in Viet- allotment to be spent on this item. One and plans coming from the New England nan1? ------4,200 good feature of the Maine plan is the stip­ States, we can depend upon you to see that ulation requiring that each project applica­ the new legislation programs have the im­ Total favoring military com­ tion contain an assurance that all teachers pact of education hoped for by the Con­ Initn1ent ------5,113 were given an opportunity to submit lists of gress that passed them. Pull our troops out o! Vietnam? _____ 4, 034 materials needed by them and their pupils. But mounting the programs currently pro­ Undecided------529 This kind of stipulation brings the teacher viding new services and more books to school and the librarian into even closer coordina­ children, their parents, and members of com­ tion as they work to achieve the best possible munities in the United States is not the only educational atmosphere for their students. demand that faces school librarians in the Message From Senator Hugh Scott on Connecticut's Title II plan, in addition to next few years. At the same time that Ele­ concentrating on school library resources, mentary and Secondary Education Act pro­ Occasion of the Assembly of Captive establishes an index of need to determine grams ar~ raising school 11 brary standards by European Nations' Dinner, National grants to local school districts. The four bringing volume numbers up to par, edu­ criteria for grants include: the quantity of cational technological know-how is growing Press Club, Washington, D.C., July 20, materials presently available in relation to at such a pace that within a decade school existing State standards; quality of available librarians will be receiving requests for ref­ 1966 materials; average expenditure of the school erence materials now beyond the scope of district in the past; ab111ty to pay factor. our limited experience and imagination. The computer centers for information storage EXTENSION OF REMARKS In this manner the Connecticut State plan OF hits the areas with the greatest need first. and retrieval units now being established In the State of New Hampshire, adminis­ under Title III of the Elementary and Sec­ HON. FRANK HORTON trators of the Title II program wm call for ondary Education Act will be vitally linked regular inventories of available resources in to school libraries. The Systems Approach OF NEW YORK each individual school participating in the to Learning-which will involve basic in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES structional kits, audio-visual support for program. These inventories should help Monday, July 25, 1966 them continue to raise school library re­ research, and textbooks including informa­ sources to recommend standards over the tion punch cards for computers-will de­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, last next few years. mand cooperation between teacher and Wednesday evening, July 20, Hon. HuGH Finally, the Massachusetts State Plan pro­ school librarian in leading children to the ScoTT, the distinguished Senator from vides for coordination of Titles I, II, and III full exploration required in individual re­ search and programmed instruction suited to the State of Pennsylvania, sent an in­ of the Elementary and Secondary Education spiring message to those attending the Act to establish demonstration school li­ each student's particular need. braries. These libraries will serve as inserv­ These new developments are going to call Captive Nations Week dinner. ice program locations in several regions of for tremendous growth and fiexibllity on the The wisdom and determination ex­ part of school librarians. The very general pressed by Senator SCOTT should be the State. wording of our legislation only sets forth My talking about the Massachusetts State the principles for programs to cope with edu­ shared with all Americans, and all who Plan coordination of Titles I, II, and II brings cational and technological advances in ele­ love freedom throughout the globe. It is me to another important and encouraging mentary and secondary education. School for this reason that I am making the Sen­ aspect of the impact of Elementary and Sec­ librarians will have to supply the specific ator's words a part of the RECORD: ondary Education Act programs on school operational support to make such advanced Unavoidable circumstances prevent my be­ libraries. When the Congress passecJ this act, programs effective. we could only guess about the emphasis to ing with you tonight in person, but I want Again, I want to commend you for your you to know that I am very much with you be placed on library resources in elementary fine work thus far under current programs and secondary education programs. We in spirit. Your cause has been my cause for and the demands which they have placed many years. hoped Title II would immediately aid school upon you. I can only envy you the challenge _ districts in alleviating the substandard con­ Our era has witnessed the near total abo­ that future educational programs have in lition of West European colonial rule over ditions of many school libraries. Since that store. time, we have seen local and State educa­ underdeveloped and divided areas of Asia tional administrators develop and mount and Africa. The United States supported and projects totaling roughly $1 billion worth of aided this great historical process because we school aid. Now, we have a clearer picture Vietnam Polls Americans believe that all peoples are enti­ of what the schools are doing. Library re­ tled to determine their own destinies. But our era has also witnessed the rise of a new sources are being emphasized in Title II proj­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ects. Just as important is the fact that Title and more insidious form of colonialism­ I projects for the disadvantaged are empha­ OJ' the. colon1alisn1 of communist imperialism sizing library books as a primary learning which has engulfed n1any hitherto free and tool for school children. Out of 5,000 ap­ HON. JOHN C. MACKIE independent countries in East Europe. Just proved projects, 2,090 had library compo­ OF MICHIGAN as we opposed colonialism in Asia and Africa, nents. Recurringly, projects have expressed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so too must we oppose it in East Europe. Nort the need for the provision of books and p-eri­ to do so would be a betrayal of our own basic odicals to create a desire to read on the part Monday, July 25, 1966 · ideals. of educationally deprived children. Title III Mr. MACKIE. Mr. Speaker, these are It is up to us to repeat, and to continue to of the Elementary and Secondary Education the results of the poll I conducted in the repeat that we in the United States do not Act has predictably received applications em­ recognize oppression whether it occurs in phasizing better library resources for school Seventh Congressional District of Michi­ Asia, Africa, Europe or in our own hemi­ children. Community school libraries are gan which represents a return of ap­ sphere. We must declare with renewed vigor being established. In New England, the cre­ proximately 10,000 opinions. In Aprll our belief that the captive peoples of East ativity of local school districts "'has led to I sent approximately 111,000 question­ Europe will one day regain control of their even more exciting developments for school naires to residents in my district. own destinies. 17026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 25, 1966 The captive peoples have faith that we will assure a broader application of the Economic a leading part in negotiating a cease­ hold fas.t to that belief. I know that you Opportunity loan program which is currently fire and a truce line. will keep that faith, and you can be sure operating only in urban areas. THE SUEZ CASE that I will. As Chairman of the Committee, it is my HUGH ScOTT, position that oftlcials of SBA and the Office Organizational delays were also evi­ U.S. Senator. of Economic Opportunity should comply dent after Israeli and Egyptian troops with the law which requires "equitable dis­ clashed on October 29, 1950. A General tribution" between urban and rural areas, Assembly resolution on November 4 au­ now denied this assistance. Other questions raised by the Committee included the desir­ thorized the creation of a U.N. Emer­ Extensive Small Business Committee Hear­ ability of ceilings on loans below those set gency Force. By November 7, the Sec­ ings Point to Improved Programs and by the Congress by statute and the fairness retary General had received offers of of a system of administrative priorities. It troops from 24 countries. A few U.N. Policies of the Small Business Admin­ is my belief that SBA loan programs should officers reached Egypt on November 12, istration operate on the basis prescribed by the Con­ with the first troop units arriving 3 days gress and that each loan application should later. The U.N. contributed a great deal stand on its own merits without reference in relaxing tensions in the Middle East EXTENSION OF REMARKS to arbitrary administrative priorities. OF Testimony indicated that SBA is changing but, according to Peter Calvocoressi, in with the times and endeavoring to put into his book "World Order and New States," HON. JOE L. EVINS effect a "team concept" that will focus all done for the London Institute of Stra­ OF TENNESSEE of its resources-financial, management as­ tegic Studies: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sistance, government contract guidance, and The main lesson was that if the members other programs--on the problems of a small of the U.N. wanted such operations to be Monday, July 25, 1966 business at a time when such assistance is undertaken, they should equip the organi­ needed. Witness after witness testified that zation with regular machinery before the Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ the objectives and and purposes of SBA pro­ er, the House Small Business Committee next emergency occurred. grams are laudable and worthwhile. Helpful THE CONGO OPERATION' last week completed an extensive review new legislation has recently been enacted of the programs and policies of the Small into law and the future of SBA appears both The U.N. was able to react somewhat Business Administration. bright and promising. It is the hope of our more quickly in response to the Congo It is my belief that this constructive Small Business Committee that the sugges­ situation, but delay was still evident. and beneficial examination of all phases tions and recommendations made will assist The Security Council decided to inter­ in a more effective use of appropriated funds of SBA operations will assist the Agency and programs for American Small Business­ vene in the early hours of July 14, 1960. in serving the American small business­ men. On the 18th, 600 U.N. troops reached the man in a challenging year of change. Congo. Within 4 days of the Security In this connection, my last weekly Council resolution, 4,000 troops had been newsletter, Capitol Comments, gives a A Permanent U.N. Force pledged, 3,500 had arrived. The figure summary and review of the week's hear­ rose to 8,000 on the 26th, 11,000 on the ings. I ask unanimous consent t.hat this 30th, and later reached 20,000 from 14 report be reprinted in the RECORD. EXTENSION OF REMARKS countries. U.N. aetion in the Congo suc­ The newsletter follows: OF ceeded in preventing the intrusion of the SMALL BUSINESS COMMITTEE HEARINGS ON HON. TENO RONCALIO major powers into the heart of Africa. SBA IDENTIFY PROBLEMS, POINT TO 1M· OF WYOMING Mr. Calvocoressi states: PROVED POLICIES AND PROGRAMS The U.N. succeeded further, to an astound­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By JoE L. EVINS, Member of Congress, ing degree in the circumstances, in keeping Fourth District, Tennessee) Monday, July 25, 1966 the Congolese economy going, providing ele­ The full review of programs and policies of mentary services, alleviating disease, pre­ Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, I am venting famine, and protecting life. . . • the Small Business Administration just com­ pleased today to introduce a House con­ pleted by the House Small Business Commit­ On the first anniversary of Congolese inde­ tee was, in my view, a constructive and bene­ current resolution to urge that the pendence, chaos had been contained, outside ficial examination that will help to improve United Nations develop permanent or­ powers had drawn away and a parliament SBA operations in a challenging year of ganization and procedures to enable it representing virtually the whole territory change. During the week, the Small Business promptly to employ suitable U.N. forces was about to meet in Lovanium. Committee-which I serve as Chairman­ for observation and patrol purposes in The Congo could have become an in­ heard testimony by officials of SBA, represen­ situations that threaten international ternational battlefield if no U.N. force tatives of the Bureau of the Budget and peace and security. other executive agencies, by officers and di­ had been interposed. rectors of small business associations and by This resolution does not ask for a huge But even with this history of successful small businessmen themselves. A formal standing U.N. army, but only calls upon intervention, if another emergency were Committee report with detailed recommen­ the U.N. to adopt methods which will to arise tomorrow, the Secretary General dations will be made at·a later date. expedite peacekeeping operations in fu­ would not know whether or not he could With SBA's status established as an inde­ ture situations similar to the Suez and assemble a force, nor how long he could pendent agency reporting only to the Presi­ Congo crises. This resolution is not to keep it in the field. Mr. Calvocoressi be­ dent and the Congress-with a newly ap­ be seen as an attack upon the U.N. or a lieves this is the cardinal fault and until - pointed Administrator, Bernard Boutin-and with new financing legislation recently en­ call for a radical new development that it is remedied peace will be ruled by acted into law, testimony indicated that as might alienate many U.N. members, but coincidence. Fiscal Year 1967 gets underway the agency only as a helpful suggestion from those ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE is doing a competent job in administering of us who believe that the U.N. has made Given this state of affairs, what can the various programs of assistance to small business. These programs include the reg­ a great contribution toward world peace be done to strengthen the ability of the ular busine~s loan program, the community and should prepare itself for even U.N. to react promptly if called upon by development loan program (502), the pro­ greater participation in the future. the nations of the world? There is no curement and management assistance pro­ A survey of past U.N. actions shows present prospect .of a permanent stand­ gram and other services. the need for some kind of permanent ing force. The larger powers dislike the Committee testimony developed that there peacekeeping organization, instead of re­ . idea of force being used in circumstances are two problem areas-the Small Business lying upon the present ad hoc method beyond their control and, if they changed Investment Company program, established their minds, the smaller states might to provide long term equity capital to small of starting from scratch on each crisis. accuse them of trying to create an in­ businesses (SBIC), and the Economic Op­ In January 1948, the Security Council strument with which to discipline the portunity Program (OEO), the latter enacted established a U.N. Commission on India as part of the Anti-Poverty Program. SBA weaker members. The late Secretary Administrator Boutin said steps were being and Pakistan to try to secure a cease­ General Dag Hammarskjold argued taken to establish new standards and new fire and plebiscite. But, due to delays against a permanent standing force on rules to put the SBIC program on a sounder in organizing a group, the Commission the ground that the circumstances 1n and more eftlcient basis. He also promised did not reach the area until the middle which it might be employed are too di­ to explore every avenue of improvement to of 1948. However, once in action, it took verse and unpredictable: the force would July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17027 either be inappropriate to the next emer­ ain. On the 14th, our oldest ally, the Puerto Rico still has its problems. Pov­ gency, or it would have to-be large enough French celebrate Bastille Day. And to­ erty has not been eradicated for all, un­ and varied enough to cope with any day, July 25, .I should like to take a few employment has been gradually rising, emergency and thereby impossibly ex­ minutes to pay a special tribute to the and a rapidly growing population will pensive. unique partnership in self-government make these problems increasingly diffi­ But, given these limitations, U.N. ca­ that was established in Puerto Rico, on cult to cope with in the years ahead. But pacities can still be strengthened. Units this date, 14 years ago. what is important is that Puerto Rico has offered to the U.N. ·are not necessarily On July 25, 1952, the Commonwealth made an effort to solve these problems­ the ones it needs. Most countries offer of Puerto Rico was formally proclaimed, an effort that has met with great success. infantry, which have limited usefulness and we embarked on one of the most pro­ Under the guidance of the beloved Mu­ in police roles unless they have very high gressive experiments in the history of fioz, and under the leadership of the new standards of discipline. States willing American government. Today, 14 years Governor, Roberto Sanchez-Vilella, and to contribute have little idea in advance later, I am proud to say that that experi­ with the hard work and dedication of the what they can most usefully provide. ment has been an unqualified success. Puerto Rican people, the island has pros­ Some states have earmarked troops for Through a constitution adopted by the pered. secondment to the U.N. in a crisis, but people, Puerto Rico has provided her The success that Puerto Rico has so they receive no guidance on training more than 2,500,000 residents a republi­ deservedly achieved attests to the ben­ which these units ought to be receiving. can form of government guaranteeing the efits of the democratic way of life, and There is little information available at same freedom of speech, freedom of re­ the annivensary of the Commonwealth U.N. headquarters as to where to go at a ligion, and freedom of the press enjoyed constitution, which we honor today, rep­ particular moment to fill a precise re­ by their fellow American citizens every­ resents the best American traditions of quirement. where. But, as we all know, these most political inventiveness, belief in human _ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGE cherished freedoms represent only a liberty, and belief in government by the Mr. Calvocoressi makes a number of shallow liberty if they are not accom­ consent of the governed. specific recommendations for strength­ panied by freedom from the ravages of Again, on this Constitution Day, I ening the U.N. reaction. He suggests a poverty, hunger, and disease. This is should like to salute the people of Puerto small, permanent staff at U.N. headquar­ the real test of a great society, and it is Rico and wish each of them the best of ters, with a chief of staff to make in­ in this test that Puerto Rico has staked life in the coming years. spection tours of likely national con­ out a place of honor in the history of our tingents, and a staff college. The U.N. hemisphere. could work out a course of training suited For through Operation Bootstrap, the to the most likely contingencies it will program first conceived by the legendary Retardation Legislation: What It Means face. It could develop a uniform staff Luis Munoz Marin, Puerto Rico has per­ To MassachuseHs procedure. It needs an intelligence unit formed what is perhaps the economic to provide information about terrain and miracle of the century. In the years EXTENSION OF REMARKS climate in every part of the world. The since 1942, when the island's development OF staff college could create staff doctrines program got underway, per capita in­ and a reserve of staff officers who had come has risen from $120 to $905, illiter­ HON. JOHN E. FOGARTY passed through its courses and returned acy has been largely wiped out, and the OF RHODE ISLAND to their own countries with some knowl­ -best indicator of progress, the average IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES edge of how the U.N. works. Mobile lifespan, has jumped from 46 years to communications teams should be con­ 70 years, while the death rate has dropped Monday, July 25, 1966 tinuously available. The U.N. might even to a point lower than that of the Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, under have a broadcasting station. mainland. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ It is important that these and other The machine that has transformed ORD, I include the following: suggestions receive publicity and study. Puerto Rico from the reputation of the RETARDATION LEGISLATION: WHAT IT MEANS House passage of this concurrent resolu­ "Poorhouse of the Caribbean" to the TO MASSACHUSETTS tion would promote such an investiga­ "Showcase of Latin America" is the Eco­ (Representative JoHN E. FoGARTY, remarks to tion. It appears that this move would nomic Development Administration-or, the Massachusetts Association for Retarded receive the support of the American peo­ Fomento. It is this agency that has Children, annual convention banquet, ple since, according to a 1961 poll, a con­ stimulated private investment to the ex­ White Cli1fs, Manomet, Mass., May 22, 1966) siderable majority of U.S. citizens were tent of more than 800 highly diversified President Frankel, distinguished guests, in favor of some kind of permanent U.N. and modem manufacturing plants. ladies and gentlemen, I am always pleased emergency organization. to visit my neighboring State of Massachu­ What this kind of industrial development setts, and even happier to address the Mas­ Mr. Speaker, some permanent pro­ can mean to an economy of a small is­ sachusetts Association for Retarded Children cedures would facilitate the world's abil­ land is best demonstrated by the . fact at this convention banquet. ity to respond to international crises by that recently Puerto Rico's net income Actually, I feel somewhat humble to speak removing some of the delays which have passed the $2 billion mark, and with this to citizens of this great State who have hampered past U.N. action, thus provid­ income, our partners to the south have contributed such a great deal in the continu­ ing a more certain mechanism for han­ purchased over a billion dollars in main­ ing battle against mental retardation. dling future threats to world peace. land products--almost as much as West It is rather an odd feeling to be standing here where the Kennedy family virtually Germany purchased with a population of started the great movements against mental 56 million people. retardation we are involved in today. This fantastic economic success is not You can all be very proud of this State's The 14th Anniversary of the Common­ limited to manufacturing. With sugar Kennedy family, :ror it was from this State wealth of Puerto Rico production running at about 1,100,000 that John F. Kennedy traveled to washington tons a year, agriculture remains an im­ as a young Senator and later won the Presi­ dency. As President, he fought, succesfully, EXTENSION OF REMARKS portant economic cornerstone; and, as anyone who has ever had the pleasure of to create a bold, new approach to mental re­ 01' tardation problems. He, and the panel of visiting this balmy paradise of the Carib­ experts he called together, formulated the HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO bean knows, the tourist industry is very national plan to combat mental retardation OJ' ILLINOIS much responsible for a share of Puerto that has meant so much to this State and to the country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rico's success story. Today, then, Puerto Ricans have much From this place, also, you have sent an­ Monday, July 25, 1966 to be thankful for and much to celebrate. other young Senator, EDWARD M. KENNEDY, who is no less interested in furthering plans Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, the But the task that Luis Munoz Marin set to conquer mental retardation. month of July brings many national out to tackle a generation ago has not As a. Senator and as President of the celebrations. On the Fourth, we mark been fully completed. The work of Op­ Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation·, "TED" our own Independence from Great Brit- eration Bootstrap remains unfinished. KENNEDY bas the same spirit of action that 17028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July ?5, 1966 his older brother John p6ssessed. · Upon his ings in which professional and :technical This will benefit those children who are con­ return to Massachusetts at the end of the training for mental retardation can be given, sidered retarded because of cultural depri­ last Congressional session, he quietly toured has so far received over 55 appllcations for · vation. State schools and residential institutions for grants. Nine of these have been funded Finally, fourth law-"The Vocational Re­ the retarded to gain first-hand knowledge of with a total money value of nearly 17 million hab111tation Amendments of 1965"-provides the problems they face. dollars. further aid to help rehabilitate retarded per­ As President of the Kennedy Foundation, Mental retardation research centers-Since sons through vocational rehabilitation pro­ "TED" KENNEDY, and other members of the the inception of this aid program, 8 awards, grams. Under these new amendments, pro­ family, have diligently worked to get retarded totallng nearly 20 million dollars, have been grams for service and for rehabilitation facil­ persons accepted as part of the national work made to aid in constructing large, multi­ ities will be expanded and improved. force. disciplinary centers to be used for research All of the legislation mentioned here will Their efforts have begun to pay off in and research training in retardation. benefit the retarded and their families in recent years. For example, the Kennedy Your State is participating wholeheartedly Massachusetts and throughout the country. Foundation was instrumental in opening up · in the programs authorized by 1963 legis­ In addition to these programs, however, an important area of employment for the lation. In fact, this year the State will re­ the Federal government is supporting mil­ mentally retarded-the Federal government. ceive 57,200 dollars for planning money, and lions of dollars worth of research in various Prior to 1964, there were only a handful of a like amount next year. private institutions. The Federal govern­ retarded citizens working in Federal jobs. Also, Massachusetts' institutio:J}s have re­ ment, through its own agencies such as the Then, in 1964, through the efforts of the ceived large awards for both university­ National Institutes of Health and the Chil­ Kennedy Foundation, the Federal Civil Serv­ affiliated centers and for research centers. dren's Bureau, is also conductin.g far-reach­ ice was persuaded to waive its usual written The Walter E. Fernald School in Waltham ing research and research training programs examination in cases involving the mentally has received some 1.5 million dollars to help aimed at solving the problem of mental re­ retarded. Now the Civil Service Commission construct a retardation research center, and tardation. will accept mentally retarded workers if State a community evaluation · and rehabilitation · We in the Congress will continue fighting vocational rehabilitation officials will certify center on the school grounds. for new and better legislation to combat that a retarded man or woman can perform Working closely with the Massachusetts mental retardation, as will President Lyndon certain jobs. General Hospital, Boston, and the Harvard B. Johnson. President Johnson's own com­ By the end of last year, this procedure had Medical School, the research center at mitment to this fight was made very plain already resulted in more than 500 retardates Fernald School will focus on basic research this year in his Health and Education Mes­ being placed in Federal jobs as copy machine in retardation with scientists working in sage to Congress. In that message he said, operators, messengers, clerical worl,{ers, and such areas as neurology, psychiatry, pedi· "We have begun to ease the tragic burden as custodial personnel in Federal buildings. atrics, epidemiology, and the like. of the mentally retarded and their J;amilies The Kennedy's were also instrumental in The school's Community Evaluation and . .. (and) .. .. We shall continue our in­ developing a model project to train retarded Rehabilitation Center will concentrate on creasing attack on this problem. It deserves workers. Just last month, they saw their diagnostic and evaluation procedures and the concern and attention of our most able idea become a reality when the Vocational will provide training for special education, specialists . . ." Rehabilitation Administration granted $149,- psychology, social worK, nursing, and other President Johnson then said he would ap­ 000 to run the John F. Kennedy Flame of allied disciplines. point a new committee in 1966 to study new Hope Candle Project. Through this project, In Boston, the Children's Hospital Medical and better ways to attack mental retarda­ more than 1,200 mentally retarded workers Center was recently awarded over 3.3 mil­ tion. In saying this, President Johnson fol­ will be employed to make hand-molded lion dollars in Federal matching funds to lowed the lead set by your own State son, candles. It is hoped that this project will help construct facilities for research and for John F. Kennedy, who created the first Pres­ serve as a model for training the retarded a child development research and evaluation ident's Panel on Mental Retardl;ttion several for simple hand craft jobs in private center. years ago. industry. Nearly 2.5 million dollars of the Children's Since the establishment of the· original Federal support for mental retardation Hospital money will go toward the con­ President's Panel, the Nation had made great programs, · like the one under which the struction of a large research center with advances in its attack on mental retardation. candlemaking grant was made, has been research areas including experimental neu­ I think that now we would all agree even possible as the result of some major legisla­ . more with the words of President Kennedy rological sciences, behavioral sciences, ge­ delivered to the 1963 . White House Confer­ tive developments over the past three years. netics, and metabolism and clinical research. Mental retardation programs began to be ence on Mental Retardation: "We have left As at Fernald School, this medical center is behind prejudice, superstition and ignorance truly effective in 1963, even though many of closely-linked to the Harvard Medical School. us in Congress had been calling for more which since the dawn of time distorted our The Child Development Research and Eval­ thinking about the mentally retarded. We Federal support since shortly after World uation Center at Children's Hospital will be War .II. At any rate, the big push for action have entered a new era · of understanding, constructed as a two-and-a-half floor addi­ hope and enlightenment." against mental retardation was started by tion to Children's new outpatient building. President John F. Kennedy. In 1963, his ad­ This extra space will allow the hospital to ministration put forward two bills which increase its services to the mentally nltarded became milestones in the fight against re­ in Massa~husetts and from surrounding New tardation. These two bills, signed into law England States. Address of Congressman Lester L. Wolff, by President Kennedy, were "The Mental Besides the activities generated by the Captive Nations Week Dinner, National Retardation Facilities and ·Community Men­ planning and construction acts of 1963, four tal Health Centers Construction Act of 1963," other. major pieces of legislation related to Press Club, Washington, D.C., July 20, and "The Maternal and Child Health and mental retardation were recently signed into Mental Retardation Planning Amendments of law. 1966 1963." "The Social Security Amendments of 1965" Under the program authorized by the ma­ authorize 2.75 million dollars, for each of EXTENSION OF REMARKS ternal and child health and mental retarda­ the years 1966 and 1967, to assist the States OF tion planning law, over 50 States and Ter­ in implementing. retardation plans started ritories have completed initial planning for with earlier Federal aid. This law authorizes comprehensive programs against mental re­ HON. FRANK HORTON further funds to help train professional per­ OF NEW YORK tardation. In addition, the same law has sonnel to care for the mentally retarded and given assistance to insure better prenatal other handicapped children. In addition, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES care for mothers in low-income areas, thus financial aid is authorized for the needy Monday, · July 25, 1966 further combating a cause of possible re­ aged in mental or tuberculosis institutions, tardation resulting from inadequate care including the mentally retarded. Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, it was during pregnancy. my privilege to be present on Wednesday, Construction aid, authorized in 1963, has A second law passed in 1965is "The Mental Retardation Facilities and Community July 22, at the Captive Nations Week been initially successful. Advances made dinner here in Washington at the Na­ under three basic programs of this law in­ Mental Health Centers Construction Act clude the following: Amendments of 1965." These amendments tional Press Club. On this occasion, Community mental retardation centers­ extend and expand programs for 'the train­ sponsored by the Assembly of European ing of teachers of handicapped children, and Captive Nations, a plaque in honor of As of last December, two such centers had for research and demonstration programs re­ been approved for funding, and 175 other the Unknown Freedom Fighter was pre­ lated to training and teaching rr_entally re­ sented to Dr. Kenneth D. Wells, presi­ applicants were interested in receiving such tarded and handicapped children. aid. This program will gain momentum as A third law-"The Elementary and Sec­ dent ·of the Freedoms Foundation at State planning programs are inore fully de­ ondary Education Act of 1965"-authorizes Valley Forge, Pa. · veloped. a three-year program of Federal grants to This ·plaque was presented to Con­ University-affiliated facilities-This pro­ the States to improve the education of some gressman LESTER L. WoLFF and me dur­ gram, to aid in the construction of build- 5 million children in low-income families. ing Captive Nations Week exercises held July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17029 last year at the United Nations in New tions of Eastern Europe are still captive­ I'm optimistic because the Communists York City. Therefore, I was particular­ that their freedom is still to be won. have failed in Africa where even their toe­ ly proud to participate with Congress- · The ruthless grip of Communism has not hold has been lost. relaxed ~n Eastern Europe. Freedom is still I'm optimistic because they have failed man WoLFF in the presentation of this a word from the lexicon of a happier past. in Latin America where Fidel Castro, who symbol of freedom for the captive na­ Men still lose their lives in attempts to perverted the ideals of his nation's revo­ tions to the Freedoms Foundation, its pierce the Iron Curtain to freedom. The lution for freedom, has been trying for over new and temporary home. I say that heavy hand of the' state is felt in all aspects seven years to export his poison to other this plaque will reside only temporarily of daily life in the Captive Nations. nations in the hemisphere. in Valley Forge, because last year, it was There is no freedom of speech; an ill­ And, I'm optimistic because I believe it decided that it should be lodged perma­ advised word can still bring the dreaded is only a matter of time before Communism knock in the middle of the night. begins to crumble in the ancient states of nently in the capital of the first satellite And there is no freedom of the press. The Eastern Europe now held captive. nation that is freed from the Communist only information disseminated to the people In fact, the process may have already yoke. is the propaganda churned out by the pup­ begun. On the same occasion, celebrating pet regime and its master, the Communist For the force that holds the Captive Na­ Captive Nations Week 1966, Congress­ Party. The only way those in the Captive tions in bondage today is none other than a man WOLFF addressed the Assembly of Nations can learn the truth about the world modern day version of traditional Russian European Captive Nations. His words in which they live, the truth about their own imperialism, and such a force, relying on country, is by furtively listening to the Voice violence and hypocrisy and slavery has never were so moving and so inspired that I of America and Radio Free Europe. been able to permanently prevail. want to bring them before all Americans And there is no freedom of religion de­ It has been almost ten years since the by making them part of the REcORD. I spite claims to the contrary, for Commu­ brave freedom fighters of Poland and Hungary coulrl not state Congressman WoLFF's nist ideology is Godless. fought to the death against overwhelming qualifications to speak on this crucial Red anti-semitism is but one example of odds. subject any better than they were stated the true intentions of the Communists, There are, and there will be, I assure you, by Chairman Vaclovas Sidzikauskas which is to erase religion and God as a com­ other men just as dedicated to the cause of peting force to Soviet tyranny. freedom. upon his presentation of the ACEN Their campaign against God has been a For God did not will that men should live Medal and Scroll to my New York col- miserable failure. in slavery. league: · In captive Poland, the Catholic Church has Just as Abraham Lincoln said that the It gives me great pleasure to present, on survived, under the brave leadership of United States could not exist half slave and behalf of the Assembly of Captive European Cardinal Stefan Wyzynski, even as the Com­ half free, history will bear out the prediction Nations, our Commerative Medal and Scroll to munists continue to show their enmity to that our world will not continue half in Mr. LESTER L. WoLFF, Representative from the the Church, by refusing to allow the Pope submission and- half in freedom. 3rd Congressional District, New York. to visit Poland to celebrate the Millenium Because all men are brothers, as long as After a. distinguished career, which in­ of Christianity in that land. one single man is a captive of Communism, cluded participation in U.S. Trade Missions In Hungary, Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty a part of each and every one of us is captiv.e. to the Phlllppines in 1962 and to Malaysia remains the symbol of defiance and courage. May the freedom that is the birthright of and Hong Kong in 1963, Mr. WOLFF was Throughout the Captive Nations the spirit all men soon come. again to the Captive elected to Congress in November 1964. Since of religion has been repressed, but it has Peoples. Their courage and sacrifices have his election, Representative WoLFF has con­ not been crushed. won for them a special place of honor sistently and unfiinchingly given his full sup­ However, religious freedom is not the only among the world's champions of liberty. To port to the captive peoples of East-Central victim of Communism. you members of the Assembly of Captive Europe in their struggle for freedom and Within the Captive Nations there are Nations the world's thanks for continuing self-determination. Both in Congress and no free elections. The puppet regimes to carry the torch of freedom-let us all in other forums, Congressman WoLFF has would never dare to test their popularity by remember the plight of the oppressed people continued to bring to public attention the allowing the people a free choice. of the Captive Nations and help keep the plight of captive East-Central Europeans suf­ For history has taught that whenever men torch burning. fering under Communist tyranny. enjoy free elections, they always vote for an In recognition of and gratitude for Repre­ increase in freedom. Free elections in the sentative WoLF'F's record in defense of free­ Captive Nations would bring an immediate dom, the Assembly of Captive European Na­ end to every single puppet regime imposed tions begs the Congressman to accept this by the new Russian imperialism. And the Speech Before the American Friends of the Medal and Scroll as a token of its apprecia­ Russians know it, for there has never been · tion. a single nation where a free election has re­ Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations-Hon. sulted in victory for Communist candidates. Frank Horton SPEECH OF HoN. LESTER L. WOLFF Men are by nature free; they will never consciously choose oppression. It is a. real privilege for me to speak to­ Tonight we are proud to entrust with Mr. EXTENSION OF REMARKS night before this most respected organiza­ Wells, of Freedoms Foundation, temporary OF tion-an organization whose members know custody of the beautiful plaque which was perhaps better than anyone else the true presented to Congressman HoRTON and me HON. LESTER L. WOLFF meaning of Freedom. last year. OF NEW YORK Today, we stand at a crossroads. The past We hope it will not long rema-in at Valley has been tragic for us all since. the tyranny of Forge, the home of Freedoms Foundation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Communism enveloped some of the proudest We hope it will soon find its permanent Monday, July 25, 1966 nations of the earth. Yet the future will in­ shrine in the capital of the first captive na­ evitably be brighter, for a day will surely tion to be liberated from Communism. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, my fliend come when the liberty we enjoy in the Free My friends, the past has taught us many and colleague Mr. HoRTON recently de­ World will be shared by all. lessons. If we remember them, the day of livered an address about the captive We meet here tonight on a fateful anni­ liberation will not be far off. peoples of Europe before the American versary. Last Saturday was the 21st anni­ We must remember, that even today when versary of the convening of the Potsdam Con­ Friends of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of men talk of detente, the Communists con­ Nations in Rochester, N.Y. I commend ference, where the free world first .began to tinue to see the world as a struggle between realize how coldly determined, were the Rus­ two forces, with only one essential question: it to the attention of this distinguished sians in their goal of world conquest. "Who will survive?" body: Within a few years of that fateful meeting, Yet there is growing evidence tha{ the SPEECH BEFORE THE AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE nearly one billion men, women and children Red Tide, unleashed across the world by the ANTI-BOLSHEVIK BLOC OF NATIONS, HIGH­ lost their most precious possession-their Russian Revolution, has passed its crest. LAND PARK BOWL, ROCHESTER, N.Y., JULY 23, freedom-because of the ambitions of the I believe that we have good cause for opti­ 1966, BY HON. FRANK HORTON totalitarian Soviet state. mism about the future. In a poem entitled "My Testament," Taras Untold millions have suffered now these I'm optimistic because the Communists will Shevchenko, the Ukrainian poet of freedom many years under the yoke of Communist not prevail by force in Vietnam. wrote: servitude. I'm optimistic because the Communists We live in a time when American atten­ admitted the failure of their economic sys­ "Oh bury me, then rise ye up tion is riveted on the fight for freedom in tem to provide for the needs of their people And break your heavy chains Vietnam. when they built the Wall across Berlin. And water with the tyrants• blood Yet, imp()rtant as that struggl_e may be, it I'm optimistic because the Communists The freedom you have gained." is equally important that Americans remem­ have failed notoriously in Asia, especially Thus, was the imm.artal love of freedom ber the unhappy fact that. the Captive Na·- in India and Indonesia. expressed from the heal't of Shevchenko. It 1703() CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 25, 1966 ls appropriate that we· remember and reflect with determination, the threads of common to all citizens, the strong and effective re­ on the poetry of Shevchenko this evening, interes.t . .and purpose which bind the Free sponse will only come when all Americans, for we are the people who .must breathe life World together. Thait someone must be the whether or not they ·were born in or de­ into his hope for freedom in Eastern Europe , United Staltes, for since World War II, our scended from Eastern Europe, show an active and for men eveTywhere. I want to talk to Nation has been rightfully regarded as the concern for ·the freedom of your peoples. you tonight about wheTe the hope of freedom Free World spokesma·n in the Cold War align­ Captive Nations Week must be a time for for the Captive peoples now stands, and ment. But desptte our determill:altion in all of us to demonstrate our concern, and our about what you and I must do to brighten other .areas of the world, our initiative and disappointment with present appeasement that hope. leadership have been woefully lacking in of Red regimes. Communism holds captive the peoples of Europe. You, having had the benefit of seeing both Hungary, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslo­ I said rut the beginning of my talk that sides; you, to whom Communism ·is much vakia, Rumania, Albania, Bulgaria, Latvia, I would tell you Whe!l'e the hope of freedom more than a few words in the newspaper, Lithuania, Estonia, Armenia, Ukraine, Yugo­ for the Captive peoples now stands, and must go out and reawaken Americans, those slavia, and its Serbian, Croatian and Slovene that I would suggest what we could do to you work with and deal with, those who peoples. But, the Captive Nations are not brighten this hope. I think I have demon­ share this State and this community with confined to Eastern and Central Europe. strated to everyone here how very much the you. You must communicate to them the There are many once-free countries in the hope for freedom in Ea-stern Europe needs realities of totalitarianism which many of Soviet Union and Asia where the lamp of brightening. Far frc».n urging a strong your own relatives are now enduring. You liberty no longer burns. And, as close as 90 American determination to free these Na­ must relate your experiences and your com­ miles to our United States shores, the Com­ tions, our people today .are seriously ques­ parison of life under ·freedom with that munist tyrants are in command in Cuba. ttoning our justification for pursuing even under enslavement with your fellow Ameri­ To say that this situation which enslaves a policy of containment in Asia. While the cans at every opportunity: the minds of millions is distressing is an majority of Americans do see the need for Captive Nations organizations and na­ unbelievable understatement. holding the line in Viet-Nam, the dissension tionality groups like those many of you are Yet what steps have we, as Americans, on this issue gives us an idea about the un­ active in must work together in this task taken to free the minds and lives of these certain attitude of many toward Communism. of re-educating Americans. Disputes and millions, many of whom ate members of your If we want to change the policies that have prejudices that are left over from the old own families? How strong a stand have we contributed to this bleak prospect for freeing country must be buried, for the sake of a made in Europe to let these peop~e know the Captive peoples, we must reharness the united effort in getting this urgent message that the hope for their freedom is safe in attitudes of the American people toward across to our people. - our hands? If we compare where freedom Communist rule. We must reawaken all Since I have been your Representative, stood at the close of World War II and what Americans to the duty of this Nation to bear I have done my best to get this message across its status versus communism is today, the the standard of the F)'ee World in protecting to our people and to our leaders. contrast is frightening indeed. The shadow freedom, and in extending it to enslaved areas I hope most of you know that my very of Red conquest has fallen over vast new of the globe. When I say that we must re­ first official act as your Congressman was areas of the world, .once-held superiority i:P. harness these attitudes, I mean every one of to introduce a resolution ca111ng for the weapons is being reduced to a mere balance us here tonight and throughout the coun- ' establishment of a Special Committee on of military power, and unquestioned sup­ try who holds high the ideal of freedom for the Captive Nations. Ever since, I have con­ port for our policies from freedom's friends, all men. I mean every one of us here tonight tinued to work for the adoption of this our "allies," has deteriorated to an attitude and throughout the country whether or not resolQtion. of "let's negotiate." we have personally gone through the ordeal Congress should have a, special body to While Americans at this hour are valiantly of Communism, whether or not we witnessed study the plight of the Soviet-dominated · defending As.ian frontie·rs of freedom with how Communism can stifle a nation and nations, to report to the American people , their very lives, the picture in Europe is far enslave a people who once enjoyed a full on the oppression which exists in the Captive less bold and far less bright. Ten years ago, and vibrant life and culture. Nations, and to make recommendations for when the Free World failed ffo d.ismally to I mean every one of us, first or fifth genera­ effective policies to return freedom to these answer the call of Hungary, which had its tion Americans-because you and I have freedom-loving lands. Red regime in shambles, it became clear that a common heritage. Our roots were nurtured in the same fertile soil-that of Western Such an official examination could help the United States intended only to contain to expose Soviet propaganda and reveal the Communism, but that we would not stick Civilization. You and I are the products of that Civilization, and we all bear the char­ real role of Communism. This action would our necks out to free people who weTe al­ d~monstrate our sincere good faith and ready captive. Th·is was a sad decision for acteristic of Western background which stands out most in each of us in the love conviction to help the captive peoples once many Americans to swallow, indeed, there again enjoy self -determination. are many in Congress like myself who refuse . of individual liberty. It is this characteristic longing to be free which binds us together in In addition to the moral principles which to abandon our determina.tion to win free­ inspire this proposal, we owe the people of dom for these people. But sadly, Adminis­ a common missiQn-our mission to propa­ gate ideals of freedom. · these nations a great debt. We owe them tration foreign policy makers .seem to have our support in return for the efforts of the abandoned this obligation. In fact, there is As former citizens of the nations of Eastern Europe, who can recount first hand what life refugees of these countries who have helped now serious question whether even our con­ build the golden greatness of this Nation. tainment objeotive in Europe is holding fa&t. · is like under the boot of Red power, Ameri­ cans of Eastern European derivation should For as you and your countrymen have con­ At least in 1956, when we left the Hungarian tributed to the ideals of freedom and in­ revolutionaries to fend for themselves, we make it their primary task to educate the American public about the realities of Com­ dependence here, we must come to the aid had a strong and viable defense structure in of those now in your homelands or the lands Europe. munism-about barbed wire, about the need for complicated papers and passports to of your ancestors. They deserve our re­ Today, I have serious doubts about the newed dedication to the cause for which unity and strength of NATO. As I told my travel only a few miles, about censored news media and about controlled education. It they live: free government. colleagues on the ftoor of the House of Bringing this special Congressional Com­ Representatives a few weeks ago, we cannot is not enough to repeat over a:l;ld over the evils of Communism among yourselves. mittee on the Captive Nations into being lay all of the blame for the split in NATO at will not be easy; it will require the same the feet of the French. Pointing the finger Many of you are here in this country because you were determined to resist totalitarian determined reawakening among Members of of blame at General De Gaulle will not the Congress. strengthen or improve the Free World Alli­ forces in the old country. ance ln Europe. We would do better to look Today, there is apathy in America about I have introduced another resolution which at the trend of our own policies. When our policy, or our lack of policy toward would put the Baltic States question on I spoke in the House on this subject I pointed Eastern Europe. It has become old hat to ~he United Nations agenda. The brutal and out that th.e United States has prac·tically talk about Captive Nations and Communist lllegal annexation of Lithuania, Latvia, and receded from its former position of leader­ totalitarian society, just as among some Estonia by the Russians and the deporta­ ship of the Atlantic Alliance. of our American citizens freedom has become tion and death of hundreds of thousands of We have not made a single policy initia­ old hat. But for people who have seen both their people was a crime against humanity. America and Communism, there is nothing It should be considered. and condemned tive in Europe since the Multi-lateral Nu­ otncially by the nations of the world. clear Force concept failed two years ago, old hat about Freedom. I know how actively you cherish the rights and privileges of re­ This year, I think we have one of the best despite the fact that our initiative has siding in the United States. opportunities we will ever have to reawaken never been more de&perately needed than But this country will never take a strong Americans to the plight of the Captive Peo­ in the last two years. With the Nations of stand against established European Com­ ples. 196.6 is the Tenth Anniversa.ry of the Western Europe maturing once again to eco­ munism as long as Captive Nations Week is valiant Hungarian revolution. The Commit­ nomic prosperity, and growing further and celebrated by immigrant groups alone. While tee is working diligently to plan suitable further from the Nations of East Europe, it you, by yourselves, can exert pressures on events and publicity for the commemoration is essential that someone continue to hold American policy through the channels open across the country. .I know that here ln July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17031 Rochester, an exciting commemoration is Hungary has opened its door a crack to out­ until the light of freedom will shine planned. for this October. siders, and has allowed some Hungarians to throughout the world. In addition to working with the Citizens leave. Committee, I have introduced a resolution to As these tiny cracks widen slowly, we must provide for a memorial to the Hungarian kindle the lamp of freedom in our country Freedom-Fighters in Washington, D.C. By so brightly that it will shine through these erecting a suitable monument to the most cracks enough to let everyone behind the Questionnaire Results valiant attempt at throwing otf the chains Communist curtain know about the rights of Red rule, we can assure the preservation and privileges we as citizens of the free world of the spirit of Freedom of the Captive peo­ enjoy. If we are successful in our task, EXTENSION OF REMARKS ples in our Nation's Capital. these bright rays of light will serve as rays OF Three nights ago, it was my privilege to of hope-acting as an irresistible wedge in present a plaque, honoring the Unknown the iron door of Communism. HON. JEFFERY COHELAN Freedom-Fighter Against Communism, to the But we cannot make this wedge work if OF CALIFORNIA Director of the Freedom Foundation of Val­ our own citizens are apathetic. If freedom ley Forge, Pennsylvania. This plaque was in our minds is only a dim glow which we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presented to me last year by the Assembly of take for granted, it can never penetrate the Monday, July 25, 1966 Captive European Nations during Captive cracks of the Iron Curtain. But when we are Nations Week Ceremonies. Eventually, this determined, and when we are proud of our Mr. COHELAN. Mr.. Speaker, the re:­ plaque will be ensh.rined in the Capitol of way of lif~not timid and afraid to show sponses of nearly 15,000 residents of the first captive nation to be liberated from our pride at the risk of annoying Red gov­ California's Seventh Congressional Dis­ Communism. In the meantime, placing this ernments-then demands from the American trict make up the results of my 1966 plaque at the Freedom Foundation's Head­ people that freedom be granted to Red sub­ questionnaire. _ quarters in Valley Forge will serve as a fitting jects will be heard and answered. I enclose the results of this annual reminder to Americans of the task that lies I have tried, through every means at my ahead. · legislative poll for the information and disposal to speak up about freedom, and to attention of our colleagues:· , Through these and other activities, I am demand that it be given to Captive peoples. trying to do my part to convey the cause of Since World War II, despite the Cold War, CONGRESSMAN JEFFERY COHELAN'S 1966 Freedom from sterile Communism to all much progress has been made in freeing LEGISLATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE POLL Americans. I have told you already that many of the world's people. Colonialism is [Results in percent] there can be no improvement in our Govern­ now almost extinct in Africa, and most of 1. Vietnam: Recognizing that no short ment's policy without a 'demand for improve­ the newly independent states on that con­ ment by the great majority of our people. statement can fully convey your views, which tinent were willingly freed from colonial­ of the following most nearly expresses your Our goal must be to communicate the need ism by their Mother countries in Europe. for stronger ties in NATO; and above all, opinion on the war in Vietnam? to communicate the realities of life under We must demand that the Communist (a) We should blockade ports, increase the Red boot to Americans so that they will masters in the Soviet Union and in Eastern bombing and take any other steps understand the fatal flaw in appeasing Europe act now to free the people held necessary to achieve military victory_ 18.7 Communist regimes. captive in these countries. The Red masters (b) We sbould increase U.S. ground Freedom is the only form of government m•ISt recognize and respond to the desire of troops to whatever size is necessary to that can sustain itself without force. The their people to be free, just as· the colonial clear South Vietnam of Communist peoples of the Captive Nations want freedom powers have freed their colonies in Africa, forces------7.1 and are prepared to risk their lives in order Asia and Latin America. If we are to have (c) I believe the President's policy of to secure its blessings. a peaceful world, these demands must be military resistance and efforts to I don't want to leave you with the impres­ heeded. For as long as there are human be­ achieve negotiations is about right __ 13. 1 sion that the only hope of freeing people who ings living in closed societies under censor­ (d) We should continue our military have been subject to Communist rule lies in ship and oppression, there will be turmoil resistance but publicly state our wlll­ strengthening our military deterrent in and conflict among nations. ingness to negotiate with all parties, Europe. In a world which has had twenty Our government must call upon Red lead­ including the Viet Cong, and to years to consider the dangers and responsi­ ers to answer the demands of these millions undertake a mutual deescalation of bilities of the nuclear age, we must look be­ for freedom-to open their borders and their the war------25.9 yond a mere showing of military strength social and economic structure to the free ex­ (e) The war in Vietnam is wrong and for the solutions to international problems. change of ideas and the free movement of we should pull out now ______32.3 There is no question that NATO must be people. strengthened, and that its purposes must be To my knowledge, the resolutions I have 2. Civil rights: Several proposals to guar­ rejuvenated, but we must also re-orient our introduced voicing these demands have fallen antee civil rights have been introduced in alliance and our policies to the world as we on deaf ears behind the Iron Curtain. Congress. Would you favor the following: find it twenty years after World War II, and I shall continue to introduce resolutions (a) Establishing requirements for nondis­ 13 years after Stalin. and to write letters and to speak out when­ criminatory jury selection in Federal and If we do succeed--as we must--in reawak­ ever a. man is persecuted· or a prayerbook is State courts? ening Americans to the necessity of winning burned. I shall continue because ~ believe Yes------72.6 freedom for all men, we must harness this that we can rejuvenate the determination No------13.4 reawakening to accomplish more than just a that will breathe meaning into the words of Undecided ------14. 0 "harder line" toward Communism. We must my resolutions, determination that will carry (b) Strengthening the authority of Federal build a determination and a love for freedom thl.s meaning to the ears of the oppressors. courts to try those who murder, attack or so strong that when Americans say that they The same determination will inspire our intimidate civil rights workers? seek peace along with universal freedom, the own Government to voice slmilar demands world will sit up and listen. We must build to Communist leaders. The United States Yes-----~------68.7 a determination so strong that even the through diplomatic channels and publicly No------19.2 Communist rulers will have no choice than must make clear our intention to stand up Undecided ------12. 1 to consider seriously our demands-not at for the victims of this Communism. But (c) Prohibiting discrimination in the sale gunpoint, but across a conference table and these demands will be meaningless if they or rental of housing? through diplomatic channels. are backed up only with weapons and the Yes------50.3 Freedom is contagious, and when faced threat of nuclear attack. We cannot real­ No------35.8 with demands for freedom in a world where istically threaten the world with war and Undecided ------13. 9 freedom reigns, and in a world where men destruction in the name of freedom-for cherish their freedom, even the Red rulers then we wm be little better than tyrants 3. War on poverty: Congress has peen of the satellite nations must bend with the ourselves. We can, however, and we must asked to increase the funding for the 2-year­ tide. bring to bear-upon the oppressors the most old war on poverty from $1.5 to $1.75 billion. (a) Should the war on poverty be in­ Hand in hand with our quest to reawaken powerful we~pon avail~ble to us-freedom creased·? America to its blessing of democracy and to itself. the curses of totalitarianism, we must work A steadfast lamp of freedom shining over Yes------35.2 toward a reawakening of the world to this the Berlin wall, through mineftelds on the No------37.5 blessing. There has been very little prog­ Undecided ------29. 3 ress made in loosening the Communist yoke Hungarian border and through the jungles in Eastern Europe, but there has been some. of South Asia is a far more potent force to (b) Should it be cut back? . Travel in most of the Captive Nations is a the Communists than any other. Yes------32.8 little freer. Russia has turned a little toward I am asking you tonight to help keep this No------29.3 providing consumer goods for her citizenry. lamp burning and intensify its brightness Undecided------37. 9 17032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 25, 1966 / (c) Should it be held at its present level? safety features in new ca.rs has been intro­ to insert 1n the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD duced. Would you support this legislation? 1tes ------21.8 the report of the Board of Visitors to the No ------33.5 Yes------74.6 Air Force Academy for 1966. Included Undecided------44. 7 No------15.8 with this report is the entire composition 4. Rent supplements: Last year Congres~ Undecided ------9. 6 of the Board. My representative was the authorized, but did not provide funds for, a 10. Transportation: A proposal has been Honorable FRANK E. EvANs who is one of program of rent supplements to help low-in­ made to create a new Cabinet-level Depart­ the most distinguished members of the come fam111es, who are eligible for public ment of Transportation. It would provide House Armed Services Committee and in housing, afford decent private housing. central management for transportation and whose district the Air Force Academy is Should Congress provide funds for this safety functions now carried on by 11 dif­ program? ferent bureaus and agencies, but would not located. Under the law, Mr. Speaker, this report Yes------40. 6 affect the regulatory functions of the ICC, No------44.9 CAB, or Maritime Commission. Do you favor is made directly to the President of the Undecided ------14. 5 this proposal? United States. However, I consider this document to be of such value that I want 5. National Teachers Corps: In 1965 Con­ Yes ------52.2 gress also approved, but did not fund, a No ------22. 1 every Member of the Congress to have National Teachers Corps to provide local edu­ Undecided ------25. 7 the benefit of its contents. I am sure cation agencies, in areas having high con­ 11. Reapportionment: The SJ.lpreme Court all will agree that the contents of this centration of low-income fam111es, with h as ruled that both houses of a State legis­ report will stand as tribute to the Board experienced teachers for two years. Should lature must be apportioned on the basis of and to its distinguished Chairman, Gen. Congress finance this program? population. This is the "one man, one vote" Emmett O'Donnell, USAF, retired: principle. Do you favor this principle? · Yes------63.9 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE No------26.2 Yes ------45.4 UNITED STATES Am FORCE ACADEMY Undecided------9.9 No------39.1 The PRESIDENT, 6. Minimum wage; As this questionnaire is Undecided ------15. 5 The White House. being prepared, legislation to increase the 12. Four-year term: Members of the House 1. APPOINTMENT TO THE BOARD OF VISITORS minimum wage from $1.25 to $1.60 an hour of Representatives currently serve a 2-year The Board of Visitors to the United States and to extend its coverage to laundry, dry term. Would you support the proposal, pres­ Air Force Academy was appointed under the cleaning, hotel-motel, additional retail trade ently being considered, to make this a 4-year provisiOI].S of 10 USC "9355. term beginning in 1972? employees, and workers on large farms is 2. COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD Yes------50.6 being considered. Appointed by the President (a) Do you favor increasing the minimum No------34.9 wage? Undecided ------14. 5 Three Years Effective 1964 13. Intelligence agencies: Congress pres­ Mr. Harold Cutliff Stuart, Former Assistant Yes------57.2 Secretary of the Air Force, Tulsa, Oklahoma. No ------'----- 32. ently reviews the CIA and other government o intelligence agencies by subcommittees of the *Mr. Houston H. Harte, President, Express Undecided ------10. 8 Armed Services and Appropriations Commit­ Publishing Company, San Antonio, Texas. (b) Do you favor extending its coverage? tees. A joint congressional committee to pro­ Three Years Effective 1965 Yes------69.5 vide broader and cor.•.tinuing review has been Dr. Edgar F. Shannon, Jr., President, Uni­ No------18.5 proposed. Should Congress establish such a versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Undecided ------12. 0 committee? Dr. Robert V. Daniels, Chairman, History 7. Unemployment compensation: Legisla­ Yes------56.2 Department, University of Vermont, Burling­ tion has been proposed to amend the Federal­ No------20.4 ton, Vermont. State unemployment insurance system by Undecided ------::------23. 4 Three Years Effective 1966 establishing minimum State standards (Cali­ 14. Economy: 1f price increases should General Emmett O'Donnell, Jr., USAF (Re­ fornia already is at or near the top in most necessitate some form of economic control tired), McLean, Virginia. standards) and to extend its coverage to in order to prevent inflation, would you favor Reverend Joseph A. Flaherty, President, 4.5 million of the 15 mi1lion workers not the following: Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsyl­ presently covered. (a) Using fiscal and monetary policies vania. (a) Would you favor establishing mini­ (increased taxes and higher interest rates) • Appointed in 1965 to fill an unexpired mum state standards for amount, duration to slow down spending, investment and in­ term. and eligibility of benefits? ventory build-up? · Appointed by the Vice President Yes------59.8 Yes------37.1 Senator GORDON L. ALLOT'l', Colorado. No------21.6 No------80.0 Senator GALE W. McGEE, Wyoming. Undecided ------18. 6 Vndecided ------32. 9 Senator FRANK E. Moss, Utah. (b) Would you favor extending its cover­ (b) Continuing present pressures for vol­ Appointed by the Speaker of the House age, as proposed, to employees of small firms, untary adherence to wage and price guide­ posts? Representative RoBERT J. DoLE, First Dis- non-profit organizations, workers on large trict, Kansas. farms and driver-salesmen? Yes ------47.9 Representative JoHN J. FLYNT, JR., Sixth No------18.9 District, Georgia. Yes------57.3 Representative MELVIN. R. LAIRD, Seventh No------23.9 Undecided ------33. 2 (c)Institutlng wage and price controls? District, Wisconsin. Undecided ------18. 8 Representative BYRON G. ROGERS, Flrst 8. Consumer protection: For 'several years Yes------34.4 District, Colorado. No------85.2 bills have been before Congress to insure Ex officio members truth in lending (require money lenders to Undecided------~--- 30.4 Chairman, Senate Armed Services Commit­ provide borrowers with full disclosure of fi­ tee, Senator RICHARD B. RUSSELL, Georgia. nance charges) and truth in packaging (pro­ Designee: Senator STUART SYMINGTON, hibit misleading or deceptive packaging and Missouri. labeling). Do you feel there is a need for: Report of the Board of Visitors to the Chairman, Hol.lse Armed Services Commit­ (a) A truth-in-lending bill? U.S. Air Force Academy tee, Representative L. MENDEL RIVERS, First Yes------~------89.5 District, South Carolina. No------4.7 Designee: Representative FRANK E. EVANS, Undecided------5.8 EXTENSION OF REMARKS Third District, Colorado~ OF (b) A truth-in-packaging bill? 3. CONVENING OF THE BOARD HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS The Board convened at 0800, 28 April 1966 Yes------87.5 and elected General Emmett O'Donnell, Jr., ~0 ------6.1 OF SO~ CAROL~A Undecided ------6. 4 as its chairman. The Board completed its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meetings at 1230 on 30 April 1966. 9. Highway safety: Last year's highway toll Monday, July 25, 1966 Those present were: General Emmett was 49,000 deaths and 3 million injuries. O'Donnell, Jr., USAF (Ret.): Dr Robert V. Legislation giving the Secretary of Commerce Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. Daniels, Rev. Flaherty, Mr. Houston H. Harte, authority to determine the adequacy of Speaker, I consider it a great privilege Dr. Edgar F. Shannon, Jr., Mr. Harold C. July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17033 Stuart, Senator GoRDoN L. ALLoTT, Senator to find that the program is thus far on o! the best undergraduate colleges and uni- FR..um.: E. Moss, Representative ROBERT J. schedule. versities ln the United States. · DoLE, Representative FRANK E. EVANS, Rep­ The &ard again cautions the responsible The physical education program is recog­ resentative JoHN J. FLYNT, JR., Representa­ officials to provide an inspection procedure nized as a most important integral part of tive BYRON G. ROGERS. to insure that no substandard construction the Academy curriculum. The Board was oi. COMMENTS OF THE BOARD of new facilities be accepted by the govern­ pleased to find this program effectively de­ ment. The Board again recommends that, if signed and executed to meet the special needs Procedural considerations and when a program for construction of ad­ of- future Air Force officers. The Board reiterates the recommendations ditional fB.mily housing for staff personnel is The Board noted with approval that em­ of the 1965 Board that: undertaken, every effort be made to utilize phasis on the Graduation Order of Merit has 1. The leadership of the House of Rep­ more ground space per unit than was orig­ been greatly reduced. It is understood that resentatives and the Senate a.ssume respon­ inally provided. It appears that with so diplomas will no longer be awarded in a sibility for the appointments to the Board much space available, overcrowding can sequence determined by the GOM. Not more membership in the first month of each- cal­ easily be avoided. than seven percent of the class will be desig­ endar year. It was brought to the attention of the nated as Distinguished Cadets and awarded 2. The President be informed of the im­ Board that as a result of the increase in the their diplomas in alphabetical order before portance of early selection of the Presidential size of entering classes, the ratio of quali­ the balance of the class who also will be appointees to the Board, which also should fied candidates to appointment ·vacancies will called in alphabetical order. be announced by February 1st. drop-significantly. This is not yet a serious Testing and grading The breakfast meeting of the Board held problem but by 1968 could result in the entry in Washington, D.C., on 28 March at the in­ of classes appreciably less qualified than the The Board made a special effort to probe vitation of the Secretary of the Air Force, average of previous classes. Since the selec­ testing and grading procedures in detail with the Honorable Harold BroV{ll, was helpful in tion ratio depends largely upon the number the Dean and faculty members. The dis­ providing general information about the cur­ of candidates nominated by Members of cussions included the general problem of rent programs of the Academy and saved Congress, the current provisions of Title 10, me~urement and evaluation of academic valuable time during the meetings at Colo­ United States Code which limit the number achievement as well as the specific policies, rado Springs. This preliminary meeting also of nominations to six per vacancy is a sig­ practices, and procedures at the Air Force provided an opportunity for the Board mem­ nificant limiting factor. To alleviate this Academy. The information received by the bers to become acquainted with each other situation, it is recommended that the Acad­ Board indicates that the current system is and to discuss the agenda for the annual emy Superintendent present a proposal operating effectively and is generally in visitation. through appropriate channels for legislation accordance with practices of the leading Attendance at the Academy by all but to amend Title 10 so that the number of academic institutions in the country. Aca­ three members of the Board -at the regular nominations authorized per vacancy be in­ demic attrition has ranged from six to nine meeting indicates that the early announce­ creased from six to ten. percent over the past four years. This lo;w rate reflects the high quality of the entering ment of appointments and early notifica­ Fulfillment of Academy mission tion of the time of meeting enabled a larger classes and the joint effort of the cadets and proportion of the members to be present than The Superintendent is eminently qualified faculty in the pursuit of academic excellence. e·ver before. The Board recommends that for his duties. He gives wise leadership to Honor code his highly motivated faculty and staff. Their the next annual meeting be scheduled for The Board devoted considerable time to 27-29 April 1967. combined dedication, competence and vital­ ity were abundantly apparent to the Board. meetings wi:th representatives of the Cadet The Board was pleased to find that the There can be no question that the Academy Honor and Ethics Committees and was deeply agenda provided more time for discussions is admirably fulfilling its stated mission impressed by their sense of responsib111ty and with cadets and faculty members than was which is, "To provide instruction, experience, their deep belief in the precepts of the Cadet experienced in the past. It is recommended and motivation to each cadet so that he will Honor Code. The entire Cadet Wing seems that next year, new members who are not graduate with the knowledge, character, and strongly committed to the Code as a per­ acquainted with the Academy be invited to qualities of leadership essential to his sonal code of ethics. The Board noted the arrive one · day in advance of the Board's progressive development as a career officer in judicious and constructive modifications of sc~eduled meeting so that they may be pro­ the United States Air Force." The Board was administrative procedures which have been vided appropriate general information and greatly impressed by the continuing atten­ made and recommends that efforts be con­ a tour of the facilities. It is further rec­ tion to detail along these lines, the careful tinued to refine such procedures. Sp'ecial ommended that other members of the Board introduction of innovations, and the ju• emphasis should be given to efforts to insure who represent colleges and universities be dicious balancing of academic programs--all understanding of the Code by entering cadets invited to arrive one day early so that they leading to the fulfillment of the "whole man" and their parents. will have sufficient time to inquire in detail concept which is the stated goal of the Instructional stafJ into areas of special interest to them. The8e recommendations are intended to make it Academy. The dual nature o! the Academy's mission, feasible 'to conduct the meeting with a mini­ Curriculum that of both military and academic training, mum of formal briefings and to provide more Of the many outstanding aspects of the places heavy demands on the instructional time for small forums and individual dis­ academic program, the Board was most staff. The Board finds that under the capa­ cussions with cadets, faculty and staff mem­ favorably impressed by the coordination of ble leadership of the Dean and the Com­ bers, and for visits to classes in session. It instructional effort among departments . mandant of Cadets the morale and quality is particularly desired that a half day be which leads to integrated understanding and of the instructors are remarkably high. made available for informal conversations application of knowledge by the cadets. The reports of previous Boards of Visitors, with cadets of all classes. Also impressive is the extensive research of the Accreditation Team of the North Cen­ While it is impracticable to increase the being carried out by cadets in advanced tral Association, and of two ad hoc civilian length of the regular annual meeting for all · courses. The Board commends the policy of academic advisory committees fully justify members, it was agreed that the Board should making the most of individual cadet abilities the rationale for the Air F<:>rce Academy of spend more time at the Academy. It, there­ and preparation through the Academic En­ an all-milltary faculty academically qualified fore, is recommended that the current Board richment Program which gives each cadet the through graduate training and degrees. The be invited to have a full meeting at the opportunity to reach his own maximum level Board endorses this position and considers Academy later this year-tentatively on the of achievement. Initially the program was such a ~acuity to be best equipped to meet 18th and 19tli of November. uniquely successful because of the whole­ the combined requirements of the Academr hearted cooperation of large numbers of for professional and academic training. The Previous recommendations qualified volunteer instructors who enthusi­ second of the advisory committees, which The Board reviewed the recommendations astically contributed time and effort to the included four prominent civilian educators, made by the previous Board and noted that project. Since then additional instructors stated in its report of February ·1964, "We much progress has been made toward the have been authorized to cover the overload, conclude that an all-military faculty is much suggested objectives. and the program is now on a sound and busi­ better suited to achieve the Academy's goal Ac_ademy expansion nesslike basis. The academic majors-for-all than is a mixed faculty. In this connection . program and cooperative master's degree pro­ we thoroughly endorse the reasoning and The Board again endorses the programmed gram are logical developments of the enrich­ conclusions contained in Section n of the construction of facilities and the increase in . ment program. Report of the 1962 Academic Advisory Com­ the size of the Cadet Wing as authorized by A significant proportion of the Board's mittee." The 1962 Committee, which in­ Public Law 88-276, and recommends that the cluded fifteen educators from the tlelds of funds required to meet the program be au­ time was spent attending classes and con­ th{)rized and appropriated. It is essential ferring with individual faculty members and physical science, engineering, social science that the construction of facilities be kept in departmental supervisors. The impressions and humanities, devoted a third of its thirty­ balance with the growth of the Cadet Wing. so gained further suppor'; the conclusion of three page report to the faculty. The report Any imbalance in these areas would create previous Boards that the Academy's academic noted the high level of professional knowl­ chaotic conditions. The Board was pleased accomplishments are at least equal to those edge and skill of the faculty members, their CXII--1074-Part 13 17034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE -July 25, ·i966 intense interest in their subjects, and their should be provided with utilities, control and damage. Corrective actions have been taken dedication to their teaching responsibilities. communication capability, and a parking slowly and carefully with considerable It was also noted that the advantages of a area. success. purely military faculty greatly outweigh the Overseas field studies The Board was pleased to note these cor­ disadvantages. Overseas field studies provide cadets with rections but believes that unremitting at­ The Board believes that this favorable sit­ broadening advantages and practical knowl­ tention must. be exercised in order to prevent uation should be maintained and possibly edge through contact with our allied Air resurrection and recurrence of these fiaws. improved by a variety of Air Force actions Forces on their own bases in their own coun­ The Academy is a vital and dynamic or­ such as: tries. While the Board understands and ac­ ganization. The air literally crackles with 1. Continue to give highest possible man­ cepts the reasons for the temporary suspen­ the boundless energy of twenty-five hundred ning priority to the Air Force Academy, so sion of these field studies, it strongly en­ young men who are being encouraged to de­ that the faculty and military instructional dorses the reintroduction of this program as velop initiative while submitting to disci­ personnel come from among the best quali­ an integral part of the curriculum at the plines far greater than those expected of ordi­ fied officers in the Air Force. earliest possible date. nary citizens. Problems and troubles will 2. Maintain the master's degree as a mini­ inevitably occur and recur as the Academy mum qualification for faculty membership. White Committee report expands and the rotation of individuals 3. Continue actions which lead to increas­ The response of the Academy to the rec­ through the institution proceeds. The Su­ ing the proportion of the faculty who have ommendations of the Special Advisory Com­ perintendent and his statt must be capable earned doctoral degrees. mittee on the United States Air Force Acad­ of sensing and correcting these trends be­ 4. Continue the effort to add stability to emy (White Committee) was reviewed in de­ fore they gather momentum if possible. the faculty by appointing the authorized tail by the Board. The Board noted the .This means full-time dedication to the job number of permanent professors and tenure alacrity and positive nature of the Academy's with a minimum of interference from out- associate professors as soon as practicable. reaction to most of these recommendations. side. · Consideration should be given to increasing Further, it noted and approved a delay in The Board finds no area where urgent the authorized number as the Cadet Wing implementing a few of the recommendations change is needed. The problem areas are expands. pending completion of additional studies and locally recognized, long-range planning is 5. At the completion of a normal tour of­ analyses. flexible and sound, and the mission of the faculty duty, identify the most successful Aa.visory Council Academy is kept constantly in mind. teachers and assign them to Air Force duties The Board was informed of the functions "Bring Me Men" is the motto over the related to their academic specialties. The of the newly constituted Air Force Academy main ramp at the Academy. Good men are names of those officers should be listed on a Advisory Council. Its stated mission 1s to being provided by the selection process and special .roster with the thought of returning provide continuous, broad and penetrating ·they are being trained physically, mentally, them to the Academy for a second tour of advice to the Superintendent and his staff and spiritually to be qualified for leadership duty as vacancies occur. concerning policies, programs, and tech­ in the Air Force. The balance between in­ 6. Continue to take full advantage of man­ niques for the education, motivation, and tellectual development and leadership ning priorities and select Air Officers Com­ professional development of Air Force cadets. training is good. It is important that this manding from among officers who have the It is understood that this Advisory Council delicate balance be maintained, allowing at desire, experience, temperament, education, to the Superintendent will eliminate the no time one facet of this dual-development and training for this vital duty. Only one of necessity for ad hoc committees which in program to outweigh or overshadow the these officers is assigned to each cadet squad­ the past have been convened on a one-time other. ron. It is essential that he be qualified to basis to complete specific studies in depth of The Academy is charged with the task of provide supervision, guidance, and counsel to various aspects of the academic, military, developing men who are fighting leaders. cadets and cadet officers in every facet of and physical education programs. Men who have the ability and will to fight cadet life, including leadership training and Some Board members expressed concern with their intellects as well as their brawn career motivation. This group should be rep­ in regard to the Ad.visory Council concept of whenever necessary-men who wear their resentative of all Air Force commands with operations. The charter and concept of op­ uniform and rank well-proudly, but with final selection being based upon personal erations afford unusually wide latitude to the compassion, understanding, and a sense of interviews. Council. The Board suggests that care be humor-men who are strong, intelllgent, and Fiscal affairs taken in developing the mode of operation happy warriors with confidence in their The Superintendent and his staff are com­ of the Council to avoid interference with the weapons, themselves, and each other-and mended for their enviable success in the area Superintendent's judgment and responsibil­ finally, men with good instincts, good ap­ of fiscal management. The Board was ity in making major decisions. Further in petites and good control of those appetites. pleased to find that the Academy has annu­ the opinion of the Board, the Council should While these ideals may never be fully at­ ally exceeded its assigned goal since the in­ carefully review its functions in order to tained, the Board notes with great pleasure ception of the Air Force Cost Reduction Pro­ delineate them clearly from the functions, that the Academy 1s making extraordinary gram in Fiscal Year 1963. duties, and responsibilities delegated by law progress toward their achievement. The Board was pleased to note that the to the Board of Visitors. Respectfully submitted. recent pay adjustment for military personnel The Board also suggests that it would be EMMETT O'DoNNELL, Jr., provides a cadet pay rate which closely ap­ highly desirable to have the Council's re­ General, USAF (.Retired), Chairman, proximates the amount determined by the port of its yearly activities in the hands 1966 Board of Visitors. service academies as necessary to meet cur..­ of the Superintendent in time for him to rent expenses of cadets and midshipmen. discuss it with the Board of Visitors at its Flying training annual meeting. The Board reiterates the Academy's need, Football schedule The Anheuser-Busch Case voiced by several previous Boards, for at least The Board is satisfied that every possible a limited fiying indoctrination program. eft'ort has been made to arrange appropriate such training has a uniquely beneficial ef­ football schedules for the Academy. Since EXTENSION OF REMARKS fect on cadet morale and provides valuable major games usually are scheduled seven to OF motivation toward an Air Force career. There nine years in advance, 1t is recognized that is no question that a program ~hould be an optimum schedule is not always possible. HON. GLENN R.· DAVIS established for the Academy, which 1s at The Academy has been successful in adjust­ OF WISCONSIN least equal to the light aircraft pilot training ing future schedules to alternate games with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provided for cadets in advanced Air Force the M111tary Academy and the Naval Acad­ ROTC. The Board endorses the program emy each year through 1971, and to com­ Monday, July 25, 1966 submitted by the Academy, which provides pete with both each year thereafter. It was for management by the Air· Training Com­ Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak­ noted that the ·Navy game will be played at er, within the past 10 days the House mand; training to be conducted at Peterson the Air Force Academy in 1966 and that the Field, Colorado Springs, Pine Valley Airstrip Army game will be played there in 1967. has had called to its attention on several on the Academy site, and Butts Army Air occasions the coincidental circumstances Field, Fort Carson; and contractor operated 5. CONCLUSION of the dismissal of the antitrust action maintenance a.nd supply support. The Board carefully studied the 1965 Re­ against Anheuser-Busch and the mem­ The Board inspected fac111ties and received port of the Board of Visitors and the Com­ bership of sev..eral of the top ex.ecutives appropriate briefings on existing flying, soar­ ments of the Secretary of the Air Force and ing, and parachute training presently-being the Secretary of Defense to the recommenda­ of that company in the Democrat fund­ conducted at the Academy. In this regard, tions of the 1965 Board of Visitors. raising effort known as the President's it recommends that steps be taken immedi­ While these two documents covered a very Club. ately to improve the associated existing ta­ difficult year at the Academy, ·none of the On July 15, I wrote to the Attorney c1lities. In particular, the Pine Valley Air­ shortcomings mentioned by the Report of the General to inquire of him as to the legal strip should be hardened, and the facil1ty 1965 Board seems to have done permanent basis for the dismissal of the Anheuser- July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17035 Busch suit as contrasted to the continu­ Brewing Company and Pabst Brewing Com­ Moines Register, Clark Mollenhoff, has ation of prosecution of antitrust actions pany. As you indicate in your letter, the An­ given hew insight into the internal-work­ heuser-Busch case involved a "vertical" ings of the Antitrust Division during the involving three Milwaukee-based brew- merger, while the Schlitz and Pabst cases in­ eries. volved "horizontal" acquisitions of competi­ time of consideration of the Anheuser­ A copy of my letter to Mr. Katzenbach tors. We are indeed concerned with vertical Busch decisions of the Justice Depart- is set forth as follows: acquisitions of a 59urce Of supply that may .ment. _ JULY 15, 1966. threaten to put a supply squeeze on the ac­ These additional revelations raise Hon. NICHOLAS DEB. KATZENBACH, quirer's competitors. The suit against An­ some questions to which the answers The Attorney General, heuser-Busch attacking its acquisition o! the have not been provided. If this matter Department of Justice~ Rahr Malting Plant was filed at a time when is not put to rest in a manner more satis­ Washington, D.C. it apparently was believed that that acquisi­ factory to the public, it may well be that DEAR MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL: The recent tion and similar acquisitions by other brew­ the Congress has a responsibility to in­ revelation of the dismissal of the anti-trust ers would indeed threaten smaller competi­ action against Anheuser-Busch Brewing tors with future difficulties. On our recent terest itself in this case and that the Company has raised several questions and review of the case it appeared fairly clear to Judiciary Committee of the House will prompted me to seek explanation and clari­ us that there was no serious likelihood of need to exercise its broad powers of over­ fication. this occuning. There is, and has been for sight and investigation to assure the As you know, I represent a part of the some time, considerable excess capacity in members of the House and to assure the Milwaukee metropolitan area where there the malt industry; no further trend toward public that the public interest has nei­ has been, over the years, considerable public vertical acquisitions has developed; and be­ ther been sacrificed nor compromised. discussion of the pending anti-trust actions cause of the relative size of malt plants, it involving three of the Milwaukee-based does not seem at all likely that a significant PRESSURE BY BEER FmM IN TRUST SUIT breweries. As I understand it, the anti-trust number of acquisitions will take place in the (By Clark Mollenhoff) action against Anheuser-Busch, the largest future. However, we insisted that the suit be WASHINGTON, D.C.-Justice Department brewing company in the entire country, with dismissed only "without prejudice,'' so that records indicate that the Anheuser-Busch a capacity in excess of ten million gallons, the Department remained free to reinstitute Co. used "political pressure" to try to bring involved the purchase of the Rahr Malting proceedings in the future should any adverse .a settlement on the highly controversial anti­ Company, a Wisconsin firm with a signifi­ developments warranting such action take trust suit involving acquisition of a Wiscon­ cant capacity for providing an important ele­ place. . sin malting company. ment of the production of beer. This dis­ In both the Schlitz and Pabst cases, on the The settlement of the suit by the Johnson missal seems difficult to reconcile with the other hand, we proceeded against mergers administration has been subject to Republi­ prosecution of the anti-trust action against between substantial competitors. In this can criticism since it was settled during the the Schlitz Brewing Company, now pending area, the Department has quite consistently same period that owners and representatives in the United States Supreme Court, involv­ taken the position-recently vindicated by of Anheuser-Busch were making political ing a company fifteen percent smaller in its the Supreme Court in the Pabst and Von's contributions of $10,000 to the President's capacity than Anheuser-Busch. As I under­ Grocery opinion&--that serious market con­ Club. stand the Schlitz action, the Justice Depart­ centration, with its attendant ill-effects on PLANE TRIP ment seeks to void the proposed purchase of competition, can only be effectively stopped Also involved in the controversy is the fact a minority interest in Labatt, a Canadian at an early age. In short, if you will excuse that Donald F. Turner, head of the Antitrust brewing firm which apparently owns a ma­ an oversimplification, we have felt by and Division, went to the All-Star baseball game jority interest in an American West Coast large that the merger of any two substantial in St. Louis in a plane owned by Anheuser­ firm, the General Brewing Company. competitors should be at least prima facie Busch. The plane ride took place only three The dismissal of the Anheuser-Busch suit unlawful. weeks after the antitrust action was dis­ also seems difficult to reconcile with the cur.: In the Schlitz case, we attacked the ac­ missed on recommendation of Turner. rently pending suit in the U.S. District Court quisitions by Schlitz of Burgermeister, a Alfred Fleishman, the public relations man for Eastern Wisconsin seeking to void the west coast brewery, and a stock interest in who arranged !or the $10,000 in contributions eight-year-old merger of the Blatz and Pabst LaBatt's, a Canadian brewery controlling to the President's Club, has said there was brewing companies with a combined capac­ General Brewing Company, another west no political pressure in connection with the ity of less than five percent of the national coast brewer. In 1960, the year before Schlitz settlement of the Anheuser-Busch case and output. acquired Burgermeister, Burgermeister ac­ no discussions of the antitrust case with the 1 wish to make it clear that I have never counted !or 10% of beer sales in Calitornia, Democratic Party people who accepted the received any complaint from the o1ficials of and Schlitz accounted for 8 to 4%. General $10,000.. Schlitz, Blatz or Pabst. I simply have been Brewing was also a substantial seller in that The files of the Justice Department show unable, as a Member of Congress to reconcile area. Moreover, there was considerable evi­ that the trial lawyers assigned to the An­ these pending actions with the rather flip­ dence indicating that LaBatt's would in the heuser-Busch case were opposed to dismissal plant explanation, as reported in the press, future seek to expand General Brewing's of the action. that the Anheuser-Busch case was "a weak sales area and attempt to convert it into a Trial lawyers John F. Hughes and David case which never should have been started in nationwide seller. On the basis of these and R. Melincoff in a memorandum of May 9, the first place." other !acts, the federal district court recently 1966, set out the historic background of the How can the public understand the weak­ held both acquisitions by Schlitz to be un­ case from the time it was filed in January, ness of an anti-trust case against the largest lawful. We understand that Schlitz is con­ 1962, on the recommendations of Lee Loev­ brewing firm in the country, which seeks templating an appeal. inger, then the head of the antitrust division. to solidify and enhance its predominant posi­ As !or the Pabst case, at the time of the Anheuser-Busch lawyers tried to obtain a tion by the acquisition of a significant source acquisition Blatz was the leading seiler of settlement in 1962 and 1963, and relative to of supply (thus denying that source of sup­ beer in Wisconsin with 12.8% of total sales one of these efforts in December, 1963, ply to its competitors) while smaller com­ in that state, while Pabst, the acquirer and Hughes and Melincoff made the following panies seeking to approach a competitive one of the nation's leading sellers, accounted comment~ position with Anheuser-Busch are being vig­ !or approximately 11%. The merger made "At that time, as Mr. (Baddic J.)' Rashid orously prosecuted !or violating the anti­ Pabst number one in the state. Again, there­ (chief, trial section) is aware, Anheuser wal:l trust laws? fore, the Government has been attacking a not the least bit hesitant to bring political Very sincerely yours, merger between two substantial competitors, pressure to bear from among others, Senators GLENN R. DAVIS, and as you know, the Supreme Court has (STUART) SYMINGTON and (EDWARD) LONG of Member of Congress. recently held that the Government estab­ Missouri." lished a prima facie case in violation of Sec­ The trial attorneys contended that the One week later, I received a letter from tion 7 of the Clayton Act. lawyers for Anheuser-Busch tried to avoid a Mr. Donald F. Turner, Assistant Attor­ I hope this discussion, although brief, trial and had halted the "discovery" process ney General, Antitru.st Division, respond­ suffices to answer your questions. Please by indicating a willingness to settle with a ing to my letter. Mr. Turner's letter of let me know if it does not. consent decree at several stages. response is as· follows: Sincerely yours, However, the trial attorneys said this ap­ DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, DoNALD F. TURNER, peared to them to be "dragging heels" for Was1iington, D.C., JuZy21, 1966. Assistant Attorney General, purposes of delay during which time the firm Antitrust Division. Hon. GLENN R. DAVIS, was operating the Rahr Malting Co. at Mani­ House of Representatives, Mr. Speaker, I do not question the towoc, Wis. Washington, D.C. DENY VIOLATION validity of the legal positions set f~rth Edward Barton, · a lawyer for Anheuser­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN DAVIS: The Attorney in Mr. Turner's letter. It is a lawyer­ General has ·asked me to reply to your letter Busch, contended that the acquisition would of JUly 15 concerning the relationship be­ like letter deserving of respect as such. not be a violation of the antitrust laws, and tween the recently dismissed Anheuser­ Meantime, the distinguished Pulitzer asked "whose interest the department (of Busch suit and our cases against Schlitz Prize winning columnist for the Des justice) seeks to protect since all brewers, 17036 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 25, 1966 former customers of Rahr, have alternate tional Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ $4,248,235,000. The Senate action on the supplies." tration Act, 1967. The committee report bill resulted in an authorization of Hughes and Melinco:ff replied: "Our answer which was filed with the bill recom­ $4,248,600,000, a difference of $365,000. is that the public interest will be protected by retaining a vigorous competition in the mended that the National Aeronautics The conferees agreed to a total to be malt and beer industries as possible in light and Space Administration be granted authorized for research and development of oligopolistic tendencies in both indus­ authorization for fiscal year 1967 in the of $4,248,600,000, by effecting adjust­ tries." amount of $4,986,864,150. The original ments to the Senate amendment as They stated that "in one swoop the nation's request from NASA totaled $5,012 mll­ follows: largest brewer (Anheuser-Busch) acquired lion. The committee recommendation In the physics and astronomy program, 9 percent of all production of malt." was $25,135,850 less than the agency's NASA had requested a total of $131,- In his recommendation to dismiss the case, request. On that date the House passed 400,000. The House reduced this amount Turner in a June 8, 1966, memorandum by $4.5 million, representing reductions stated: "With great reluctance, since I be­ the bill as recommended by the commit­ lieve there should be a strong presumption tee. Following passage by the House, of $3 million in supporting research against taking such action, I recommend that the Senate action on the bill resulted in and technology and advanced studies and we consent to the dismissal without preju­ total appropriations to be authorized of $1.5 million in the orbiting astronomical dice of the above civil complaint. I have $5,008 million. This represented an in­ observatory project. The Senate re­ . had the case carefully analyzed by several crease over the House bill of $21,135,850. stored the full amount of the House statf people, and am convinced the facts The Senate also struck all after the reduction. simply do not support any of the possible enacting clause, thus effecting a single The House reduction of $3 million in theories which I would consider appropriate." In the memorandum, Turner said there amendment for consideration in confer­ supporting research and technology was might be some impact of the dismissal of the ence. Consequently, the duly appointed made in order to make available addi­ Anheuser-Busch case on other pending cases, members of the Committee of Confer­ tional funds for the unmanned explora­ but commented that the Justice Department ence embarked on a series of meetings to tion of Mars. During the conference the is "not wholly unprepared to distinguish resolve the differences in the House and managers on the part of the House re­ between" the Anheuser-Busch dismissal and Senate versions. ceded and agreed to the Senate restora­ other cases they do not intend to dismiss. The major monetary differences in the tion of $3 million in this project, since TIMING OF GIFT two versions occurred in the smaller ele­ subsequent to the passage of the House Representative CHARLES GOODELL (Rep., ments of the authorization bill. In "Con­ version, information had been received N.Y.) has put together a chronology of the struction of facilities" the difference be­ from NASA that, due to the passage of events showing that the contributions of tween the House and Senate was $6.1 mil­ time, one of the purposes for which these $10,000 to the President's Club took place in mid-May, during the same period that the lion. In the "Administrative operations" funds had been redesignated could not Justice Department was making a decision to section of the bill there was a difference be accomplished, specifically the incor­ dismiss the suit. of approximately $14.7 million. These poration of an instrumented probe in the Representative GooDELL and others have two elements of the authorization request 1969 Mariner-Mars spacecraft. raised the question as to whether the whole represent 15 percent of the total author­ The House reduction of $1.5 million idea of large contributions to the President's ization bill. in the orbiting astronomical observatory Club does not leave an inference of a link For "Research and development," project, an amount specifically ear­ with "influence peddling." which constitutes 85 percent of the bill, marked for the development of the fifth GooDELL claimed in a statement in Thurs­ spacecraft, was based on the fact that day'&- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that official files there was only a difference of $365,000. fail to show any "significant contributions" However, within this section of the bill there is no overriding urgency in pur­ to presidential campaigns prior to this year there were several major program issues suing this mission. The senate receded by ofticials of Anheuser-Busch. involved, such as the Mariner-Venus and from their position that this amount be Republican House Leader GERALD FoRD of Mariner-Mars programs, the 260-inch restored and agreed to the House position Michigan and GooDELL have asked for a full solid propellant booster and SNAP-8 that the fifth orbiting astronomical ob­ investigation of the handling of the An­ projects, which caused considerable de­ servatory spacecraft be deferred. heuser-Busch case. GooDELL has also asked bate between the conferees appointed by For the lunar and planetary program, for a full accounting of how the $10,000 was . brought to Washington, whether it was de­ the two Houses. Under House parlia­ NASA's request for fiscal year 1967 livered in cash or in checks, to whom it was mentary rule the managers on the part totalled $197,900,000. The House in­ delivered and where. of the House are bound in conference creased this request by a net amount of Fleishman told The Register that "the between upper and lower limits of not $30 million, of which $22 million was money was not delivered to the Democratic only the total amount authorized but also specifically designated for the Voyager National Committee in cash." the upper and lower limits of the indi­ project. The House also eliminated the vidual projects or programs comprising 1967 Mariner-Venus mission on the the total contained in the authorization grounds that it had been hastily con­ bill. ceived and represented a solitary effort Conference Report on H.R. 14324 I am pleased to inform the House that unaccompanied by any plans for later the conferees arrived at an agreement on missions. The $12 million thus derived EXTENSION OF REMARKS the various projects and programs in dis­ from the cancellation of the 1967 Venus OF pute and returned to their respective mission along with an additional $8 chambers with a revised authorization million were added to the Mariner-Mars HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE bill amounting to $5,000,419,000. This program and specifically designated for OF TEXAS total is broken down into $4;248,600,000 the initiation of development of an in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for research and development, $94,9l9,­ strumented probe to be incorporated in Monday, July 25, 1966 ooo for construction of facilities, and the 1969 Mariner-Mars spacecraft for the $655,900,000 for administrative opera­ purpose of making direct measurements Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, tions. Thus, the conference action has in the Martian atmosphere. last Thursday the conference report on resulted in a revised fiscal year 1967 au­ The Senate denied all House adjust­ the bill, H.R. 14324, to authorize appro­ thorization bill that is aproximately $11.5 ments to the lunar and planetary pro­ prlations to the National Aeronautics million less than the NASA request and gram, restorlng all projects to the and Space Administration for research about $13.6 million more than the orig­ original NASA request. and development, construction of facili­ inally passed House version. In conference, the managers on the ties, and administrative operations, and I would now like to review briefly the part of the House receded from their other purposes, was considered by this major programs and projects which were position on the 1967 · Venus mission body and agreed to. Under leave to ex­ in dispute during the conference and the basically because it was learned subse­ tend my remarks I submit the following final resolution agreed to by the con­ quent to the House passage of the bill additional infonnation to be included in ferees. that NASA had already· proceeded with the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. First, for the total to be authorized for the development of the spacecraft using On May 3, 1966, the Committee on research and development, the NASA re­ prior years'. appropriations and that a Science and Astronautics brought to the quested $4,246,600,000. The House in­ substantial investment has already been floor of the House H.R. 14324, the Na- creased the amount to be authorized to made, most of which would be unrecov- July 25, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17037 erable bi the event this project was can- continued development of the 260-lnch $7.5 million which will permit NASA to celled. - · solid propellant booster. The House ver­ proceed with an integral construction The House also receded from its posi­ sion provided an increase of $7.5 million unit during fiscal year 1967. tion with regard to the · addition of -the for the project, making a total available For the Manned Spacecraft Center, instrumented probe for the Mariner­ for fiscal year 1967 of $11 million which, NASA requested $13,800,000, which in­ Mars spacecraft. This action on the in the opinion of the House, would speed cluded $9.1 million for a Lunar Receiving part of the House conferees was pre­ the development and would provide for Laboratory. The House approved this dicated upon the fact that due to the a full-length firing rather than a one­ project. However, the Senate reduced passage of time the purpose for which half length firing proposed by NASA. it by $1 million. The managers on the these funds had been added cannot be The Senate amendment denied this in­ part of the House receded to the Senate accomplished. crease and agreed with NASA's request. position authorizing a total for the With regard to the Voyager project, Although our limited propulsion capa­ Manned Spacecraft Center of $12,800,- the Senate receded from their position bility has been a major facto·r in the 000. and agreed to the addition of $13 mil­ progress of our Nation's space program NASA requested $581,000 for the Mar­ lion for preliminary work on the Voyager to date and although solid propulsion shall Space Flight Center to construct program. Thus, the total amount technology could provide a safer, more an addition to the new Hazardous Oper­ agreed to in conference for the lunar and versatile, and more economical booster · ations Laboratory. The House deleted planetary program is $210,900,000. than others under development, the man­ this item due to the fact that in their For the bioscience program NASA re­ agers on the part of the Senate did not opinion the proposed extension ·of the quested $35,400,000 which included $14.7 agree to the increased funding authorized laboratory was not needed to support million for ·supporting research and by the House. on-going programs. The Senate restored technology. The House reduced this A compromise position was finally the item; however, in conference the amount by $2 million in order to make agreed upon, which provides an addi­ Senate managers receded to the House available additional funds for the un­ tional $4 million for this project in fiscal position, deleting the entire amormt of manned exploration of Mars. The Sen­ year 1967. While, in the opinion of the $581,000. ate restored the full amount. The man­ House, this is -insufficient it will at least For ''Facility planning and de­ agers on the part of the House receded allow NASA to initiate procurement of sign," NASA requested $7 million for and agreed to the restoration of these long-lead time items, such as the nozzle, fiscal year 1967. The House reduced this funds since the Mariner-Mars project the steel case and facility modifications amount by $1.5 million in view of the had been restored to the original NASA so that a full-length firing can be con­ remaining unfunded balances from prior request by previous conference agree­ ducted within approximately 18 months. years' authorization for this type of ment. Thus, the total authorized as a result work. The Senate restored the full au­ NASA requested a total of $152 million of the conference committee action for thorization request, but in conference for the launch vehicle procurement pro­ chemical propulsion is $41 million. the Senate managers receded. to the gram. The House reduced this amount NASA requested $279,300,000 for House position. Thus, the total amount by $20 million by effecting cuts in the tracking and data acquisition. The autholized for "Facility planning and request a.S follows: $10 million across­ House bill reduced this amount by $13,- design" is $5,500,000. the-board -reduction was made in view 965,000. The Senate amendment re­ For "Administrative operations," of substantial unobligated fund .carry­ stored the full amount. The Senate re­ NASA requested a total of $663,900,000 overs from previous years; a $6 million ceded from their position and the con­ for fiscal year 1967. The House reduced reduction, representing the amount for ferees agreed to a net reduction to the the NASA request by $19,689,850, approv­ the purchase of an Atlas-Agena launch NASA request of $8,450,000. The total ing a total of $644,210,150. The Senate vehicle for the 1967 Mariner-Venus mis­ amount authorized for tracking and restored $14,698,850 and passed a total sion; and a reduction of $4 million for data acquisition is $270,850,000. authorization for "Administrative oper­ sustaining engineering and maintenance The NASA request for technology utili­ ations" of $658,900,000. associated with the Centaur launch zation was $4,800,000. The House bill The Senate version of the bill also in­ vehicle. · increased this amount by $200,000 to pro­ eludes restrictive language which, in the The Senate restored the entire $20 vide a limited increased flow of new opinion of the managers on the part of million House reduction, however, in con­ technology to the private sector of our the House, would greatly curtail the flex­ ference receded from their position and industry, particularly to small business. ibility now afforded to the Administrator agreed upon an across-the-board reduc­ The Senate amendment denied this in­ to the extent that the Nation's space ef­ tion of $5.25 million, and the $4 million crease. The managers on the part of fort would be seriously handic"apped. reduction in the Centaur sustaining engi­ the Senate receded and agreed to the The restrictions imposed by the Senate neering and maintenance fund request increase proposed by the House, thus language would have divided the total proposed by the House. The managers authorizing a total of $5 million for this authorized for "Administrative oper­ on the part of the House receded from program. ations" into two categories-"Personnel their position and agreed to the restora­ For "Construction of facilities," the compensation and benefits" and ''Other tion of $6 million for the purchase of the NASA requested $101,500,000 for fiscal expenses." Further restrictions were Atlas-Agena launch vehicle to be used in year 1967. The House approved $94,- imposed which would limit the extent of the 1967 Venus mission which had previ­ 419,000. The Senate restored $6,081,000 transfer authority intO the former ac­ ously been agreed to by the conference authorizing a total of $100,500,000. In count to 1 percent of the total authorized committee. Thus, the total amount au­ conference the Senate receded and for that purpose and would limit the ex­ thorized for launch vehicle procurement agreed to a total amount of $95,919,000 tent of transfer authority into the latter is $142,750,000. to be authorized. There were four proj­ account to 10 percent of the total author­ NASA requested $42,500,000 for space ects involved in the "Construction of ized for other expenses. The Senate power and electrical propulsion systems. facilities" segment of the bill which language also struck from section 4 the The House bill increased this amount by were in dispute during the conference. authority to transfer funds into the "Ad­ $2.4 million which was specifically ear­ The first of these had to do with the ministrative operations" account. marked for an increased component test­ NASA request for $10 million for the These restrictions were so limiting as ing program for the SNAP-8 nuclear Electronic R-esearch Center to construct to place NASA in a position of not even , electric generator. The Senate bill de­ two buildings and to provide additional being able to meet any Federal pay in­ nied this increase. However, the man­ center support facilities. The House re­ creases which might be subsequently agers on the part of the Senate finally duced the request to $5 million, since au­ enacted. agreed to an increase of $2 million for thorizations granted in the two preced­ The managers on the part of the Sen­ this project. The final authorization for ing fiscal years have not yet been obli­ ate receded and agreed to strike all re­ space propulsion and electrical power gated. The Senate. restored the fiscal strictive language and further receded to systems is $44,500,000. . year 1967 request in full. In considera­ a net reduction of $8 million to the NASA For chemical propulsion research, tion of the limited progress made to date request, resulting in a total amount for NASA originally requested $37 million. in site acquisition the managers on the "Administrative operations" of $655,- That amount included $3.5 million for part of the Senate agreed to a total of 900,000. 17038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 26, 1966 As part of its original request NASA in­ -study with regard to this matter and to the Government-wide st\ldY should be cluded a new section 5 in the biH which submit its recommendations for possible made by the Comptroller General. would grant the Administrator relief .Jegislative ·change by January 1, 1967. Mr. Speaker, the foregoing account of from the 6-percent limitation. on archi­ The Senate disagreed with the House the actions taken in conference has been tect-engineer fees imposed by the provi­ t;>Osition in this matter and deleted sec­ somewl;lat in detail a&, in my opinion·, it sions of title 10, United states Code. sec­ tion 5 from the bill on the basis that should be, in view of the fact that it tion 2306(d). NASA's proposal had been NASA should abide by the same procure­ involves authorization amounting to to amend the basic Spare Act of l-95a, ment practices 1n e:fiect within the De­ more than $5 billion. As in all -confer­ thereby enacting permanent legislation partment of Defense. The Senate agreed ences of this nature some compromise is which would permit waivers of the 6-per­ with the House that a Government-wide necessary. However, in my opinion, the cent limitation by the Administrator. study should be made, how~ver, their po­ items in dispute have been settled in con­ The House disagreed with NASA's re­ sition was that the Bureau of the Budget ference more in favor of the original quest in this regard and included a sub­ should conduct this study in lieu of the House position than the position assumed stitute provision which would grant re­ Comptroller General' as proposed by the by the Senate. lief to NASA for a period of 1 year only. House. I feel that our conferees have ade­ The provision of temporary relief was In conference the managers on the part quately defended the House position and based on the House position that all Fed­ of the House agreed with the Senate that prevailed in most major issues involving eral ·agencies involved in the construc­ the provision should be struck from the the national space effort. The bill as tion of facilities. particularly in support finally agreed to in~ conferenoe ls the of research and development programs bill and that NASA should be enjoined to are faced with the same problem regard­ abide by the procurement regulations in best posSible that we could achieve under ing the limitations on architect-engineer effect within the Department of Defense the circumstances. It is a; bill which, in fees. The House report accompanying pending possible revision to the statutes. my opinion, is 1n the best interests of H.R. 14324 instructed the Comptroller The Senate. on the other hand,. receded NASA and the furtherance of the Nation's General to conduct a Government-wide to the House position and agreed that space program.

THE JOURNAL nal resolution from that committee and SENATE asked for its consideration, without its On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and having been referred to the Armed Serv­ TuESDAY, JuLY 26, 1966 by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Mon­ ices Committee, which has jurisdiction