DOCSLIB.ORG

The Regulation of the Use of Dna in Law Enforcement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Regulation of the Use of Dna in Law Enforcement E-Avis ISDC 2020-02 THE REGULATION OF THE USE OF DNA IN LAW ENFORCEMENT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Espagne, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA, European Union Current to: 28.08.2020 Please refer to as : H. Westermark / A. Aronovitz / J. Curran / I. Fausch / J. Fournier / L. Hohenecker / A. Kleczewski / I. Pretelli / R. Polanco Lazo / K. Topaz Druckman / C. Viennet / F. Went / J. Zheng, The Regulation of the Use of DNA in Law Enforcement, current to : 28.08.2020. E-Avis ISDC 2020-02, disponible sur www.isdc.ch. This text may be downloaded for personal research purposes only. The Swiss Institute of Comparative Law does not accept liability for any other use of the text. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the Institute. E-Avis ISDC Série de publications électroniques d’avis de droit de l’ISDC / Elektronische Publikationsreihe von Gutachten des SIR / Serie di pubblicazioni elettroniche di pareri dell’Istituto svizzero di diritto comparato / Series of Electronic Publications of Legal Opinions of the SICL 20-016 2 INDEX I. Background and Questions .................................................................................................... 6 1. Context and Mandate ........................................................................................................... 6 2. Questions............................................................................................................................... 6 II. Comparative Summary .......................................................................................................... 8 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile (Forensic DNA Phenotyping) ..... 9 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Permissibility ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Personal Characteristics that may be Analysed .................................................................. 10 1.4 Offences Concerned ............................................................................................................ 10 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Permissibility ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Offences Concerned ............................................................................................................ 13 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA Profiles .............................................................................. 13 3.1 Requirements on the Entry of DNA Profiles in the DNA Database ..................................... 13 3.2 Retention Periods of the DNA Profile of Convicted Persons ............................................... 14 3.3 Circumstances requiring the deletion of the DNA Profile ................................................... 15 3.4 Specific Rules for Young Offenders ..................................................................................... 16 3.5 Destruction of the Sample used for the Creation of the DNA profile ................................. 16 III. Country Reports .................................................................................................................. 18 A. Austria ................................................................................................................................ 18 1. Analyse persönlicher Eigenschaften aus dem DNA-Profil ................................................... 18 1.1 Molekulargenetische Untersuchung nach der StPO ........................................................... 18 1.2 DNA-Untersuchungen nach dem SPG ................................................................................. 19 2. Durchführung von sog. Verwandtenrecherchen (familial search) ...................................... 21 3. Aufbewahrungsdauer / Löschfristen für DNA-Profile ......................................................... 23 3.1 Speicherung und Löschung von DNA-Profilen nach der StPO ............................................. 23 3.2 Speicherung von DNA-Profilen nach dem SPG .................................................................... 24 3.3 Löschen von DNA-Profilen nach dem SPG .......................................................................... 26 B. Belgium .............................................................................................................................. 29 1. Analyse des caractéristiques personnelles du profil ADN ................................................... 29 2. Recherche élargie en parentèle .......................................................................................... 32 3. Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 32 3.1 Banques de données ........................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 34 C. Canada ............................................................................................................................... 37 3 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile ................................................. 37 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 38 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA Profiles .............................................................................. 40 3.1 The National DNA Data Bank .............................................................................................. 40 3.2 Profiles contained on the National DNA Data Bank ............................................................ 41 3.3 Rules for the retention and deletion of DNA profiles ......................................................... 42 D. Denmark ............................................................................................................................. 44 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile ................................................. 44 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 44 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA profiles .............................................................................. 44 3.1 Retention periods for DNA profiles ..................................................................................... 45 3.2 Taking and destruction of DNA samples ............................................................................. 45 E. France ................................................................................................................................ 47 1. Analyse des caractéristiques personnelles du profile ADN ................................................. 47 2. Recherche élargie en parentèle .......................................................................................... 49 3. Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 50 F. Germany ............................................................................................................................. 55 1. Analyse persönlicher Eigenschaften aus dem DNA-Profil ................................................... 55 1.1 Persönliche Eigenschaften .................................................................................................. 55 1.2 Genehmigungsverfahren ..................................................................................................... 57 1.3 Entdecken von Krankheiten ................................................................................................ 58 2. Verwandtenrecherchen ...................................................................................................... 58 3. Aufbewahrungsdauer/Löschfristen für DNA-Profile ........................................................... 60 3.1 Kategorien von Personen (Verurteilte/Tatverdächtige) ..................................................... 61 3.2 Löschfristen ........................................................................................................................ 62 3.3 Tatverdacht nicht bestätigt und Freispruch ........................................................................ 63 3.4 Vernichten des Materials .................................................................................................... 63 3.5 Löschfristen für minderjährige/jugendliche Straftäter ....................................................... 64 3.6 Verlängerung der Aufbewahrungsdauer im Einzelfall ........................................................ 64 G. Italy .................................................................................................................................... 65 1. Analyse des caractéristiques de la personne à partir de l’ADN .......................................... 65 1.1 Analyse des caractéristiques
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Long-Term Missing Child Guide for Law Enforcement
    Long-term missing child guide for law enforcement: Strategies for finding long-term missing children Long-term missing child guide for law enforcement: Strategies for finding long-term missing children 2016 Edited by Robert G. Lowery, Jr., and Robert Hoever National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® www.missingkids.org 1-800-THE-LOST® or 1-800-843-5678 ORI VA007019W Copyright © 2016 National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. All rights reserved. This project was supported by Grant No. 2015-MC-CX-K001 awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. This document is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or professional opinion about specific facts. Information provided in this document may not remain current or accurate, so recipients should use this document only as a starting point for their own independent research and analysis. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. CyberTipline®, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children®, 1-800-THE-LOST® and Project ALERT® are registered trademarks of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. LONG-TERM MISSING CHILD GUIDE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT - 2 Contents Acknowledgments.....10 Letter from John Walsh.....15 Foreword by Patty Wetterling.....16 Chapter 1: Introduction by Robert G. Lowery, Jr......18 Quick reference.....18 We are finding more long-term missing children now.....19 Are we doing enough?.....21 Chapter 2: Overview of missing children cases by Robert G.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Tree Dna Complaints
    Family Tree Dna Complaints If palladous or synchronal Zeus usually atrophies his Shane wadsets haggishly or beggar appealingly and soberly, how Peronist is Kaiser? Mongrel and auriferous Bradford circlings so paradigmatically that Clifford expatiates his dischargers. Ropier Carter injects very indigestibly while Reed remains skilful and topfull. Family finder results will receive an answer Of torch the DNA testing companies FamilyTreeDNA does not score has strong marks from its users In summer both 23andMe and AncestryDNA score. Sent off as a tree complaints about the aclu attorney vera eidelman wrote his preteen days you hand parts to handle a tree complaints and quickly build for a different charts and translation and. Family Tree DNA Reviews Legit or Scam Reviewopedia. Want to family tree dna family tree complaints. Everything about new england or genetic information contained some reason or personal data may share dna family complaints is the results. Family Tree DNA 53 Reviews Laboratory Testing 1445 N. It yourself help to verify your family modest and excellent helpful clues to inform. A genealogical relationship is integrity that appears on black family together It's documented by how memory and traditional genealogical research. These complaints are dna family complaints. The private history website Ancestrycom is selling a new DNA testing service called AncestryDNA But the DNA and genetic data that Ancestrycom collects may be. Available upon request to family tree dna complaints about family complaints and. In the authors may be as dna family tree complaints and visualise the mixing over the match explanation of your genealogy testing not want organized into the raw data that is less.
    [Show full text]
  • The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): the Second Generation of DNA Analysis Methods Takes the Stand, 9 Santa Clara High Tech
    Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal Volume 9 | Issue 1 Article 8 January 1993 The olP ymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): The Second Generation of DNA Analysis Methods Takes the Stand Kamrin T. MacKnight Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kamrin T. MacKnight, The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): The Second Generation of DNA Analysis Methods Takes the Stand, 9 Santa Clara High Tech. L.J. 287 (1993). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj/vol9/iss1/8 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR): THE SECOND GENERATION OF DNA ANALYSIS METHODS TAKES THE STAND Kamrin T. MacKnightt TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................... 288 BASIC GENETICS AND DNA REPLICATION ................. 289 FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS ................................ 292 Direct Sequencing ....................................... 293 Restriction FragmentLength Polymorphism (RFLP) ...... 294 Introduction .......................................... 294 Technology ........................................... 296 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ....................... 300 H istory ............................................... 300 Technology ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Codis Dna Database
    INDIANAPOLIS-MARION COUNTY FORENSIC SERVICES AGENCY Doctor Dennis J. Nicholas Institute of Forensic Science 40 SOUTH ALABAMA STREET INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46204 PHONE (317) 327-3670 FAX (317) 327-3607 Michael Medler Laboratory Director Evidence Submission Guideline #7 CODIS DNA DATABASE The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is a computer database of DNA profiles used to solve crimes across the United States. In Indiana, DNA profiles obtained from the following categories can be entered into CODIS by the Indianapolis Marion County Forensic Services Agency: crime scene evidence, missing persons and unidentified human remains. The purpose of the database is to generate investigative leads. Not all cases are considered CODIS eligible. CODIS is maintained at the national level by the Federal Bureau of Investigation which has requirements to determine the eligibility of a DNA profile for CODIS entry. A continued “life of crime” or the high incidence of recidivism in criminals is the concept upon which the DNA database program is based. If a convicted offender’s profile matches crime scene evidence, this can identify a potential suspect(s). The database can also link multiple unsolved crimes to identify serial offenses and connect agencies who can then work together in the investigation. Finally, CODIS can be used to identify human remains by matching them to missing persons or to their biological relatives. To maximize the value of this program, biological evidence from unsolved crimes and missing persons cases must be analyzed and the DNA profile developed is entered into CODIS. I. NO SUSPECT/UNSOLVED CASES A. All unsolved cases with potential probative DNA qualifying case evidence, including those with no suspects, should be submitted to the Indianapolis-Marion County Forensic Services Agency (IMCFSA) for analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Vendor List -2017
    DEKALB COUNTY VENDOR LIST - 2017 Vendor Number Vendor Name Budget Unit Title Transaction Amount Billing City-State-Zip total ( Total Amount ) 60077 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA BUILD AMERICA BONDS 923597.50 1233705.50 RECOVERY ZONE BONDS 310108.00 1233705.50 77 BUILD AMERICA BONDS 800.00 1600.00 RECOVERY ZONE BONDS 800.00 1600.00 11668 1ST AYD CORPORATION FP GENERAL 711.64 ELGIN IL 60121-5298 2159.45 FP TORT & LIABILITY 1108.21 2159.45 HIGHWAY 339.60 2159.45 11926 2017 ALTERNATE REVENUE BOND FUND LANDFILL HOST BENEFIT FD 1807143.60 1807143.60 11224 4IMPRINT NURSING-SOCIAL SERVICES 1104.67 CHICAGO IL 60673-1253 1104.67 10551 A & I INNOVATIONS FP GENERAL 825.00 SYCAMORE IL 60178 2336.00 FP TORT & LIABILITY 1511.00 2336.00 2756 A-1 CORPORATE HARDWARE FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 339.30 SPRINGFIELD IL 62701 339.30 11847 A-TEC AMBULANCE INC. NURSING-NURSING 446.30 CAROL STREAM IL 60197-66 446.30 4863 A.R.C.-DEKALB LLC PUBLIC HEALTH 42.00 CAROL STREAM IL 60197-59 42.00 11586 AAE, LLC COMMUNITY ACTION 7000.00 ELK GROVE IL 60007 7000.00 3009 ABILITY NETWORK INC. NURSING-ADMINISTRATION 6310.00 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55485-60 6310.00 11685 ACCURATE CONSULTIVE SERVICES, INC. PUBLIC HEALTH 270.00 CRETE IL 60417 270.00 1971 ACCURATE DOCUMENT DESTRUCTION, INC. NURSING-MAINTENANCE 1795.91 ELK GROVE VILLAGE IL 600 2842.42 PUBLIC HEALTH 1046.51 2842.42 10123 ACP CORP. NURSING-NURSING 14012.93 CHICAGO IL 60693 14012.93 11863 ACTIVITY CONNECTION.COM LLC NURSING-ADMINISTRATION 143.40 PORTLAND OR 97204 143.40 1629 ADAMS, DONNY IMO 71.26 71.26 3685 ADAPCO, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Police National DNA Database: Balancing Crime Detection, Human Rights and Privacy
    The Police National DNA Database: Balancing Crime Detection, Human Rights and Privacy A Report by GeneWatch UK The Police National DNA Database: Balancing Crime Detection, Human Rights and Privacy. A Report for GeneWatch UK by Kristina Staley January 2005 The Mill House, Manchester Road, Tideswell, Buxton Derbyshire, SK17 8LN, UK GeneWatch Phone: 01287 871898 Fax: 01298 872531 E-mail: [email protected] UK Website: www.genewatch.org Acknowledgements GeneWatch would like to thank Jan van Aken, Sarah Sexton and Paul Johnson for their helpful comments on a draft of this report. Kristina Staley would also like to thank Val Sales for her help in preparing the report. The content of the final report remains the responsibility of GeneWatch UK. Cover photograph DNA genetic fingerprinting on fingerprint blue backdrop. © Adam Hart-Davis, http://www.adam-hart-davis.org/ GeneWatch UK 2 January 2005 Contents 1 Executive summary ................................................................................................................5 2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................10 3 What is the National DNA Database?..................................................................................11 3.1 Using DNA to identify individuals...................................................................................11 3.2 How the police use DNA................................................................................................12 3.3 Concerns
    [Show full text]
  • National DNA Databases 2011
    NATIONAL FORENSIC DNA DATABASES COUNCIL FOR RESPONSIBLE GENETICS ANDREW D. THIBEDEAU, J.D. SENIOR FELLOW National DNA Databases 2011 National Forensic DNA Databases Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. - 5 - Summary Table ..................................................................................................................... - 5 - Laws on Point ...................................................................................................................... - 10 - Entry Criteria ...................................................................................................................... - 13 - Introduction & Trends ........................................................................................................... - 15 - National Status Reports Part I - Operational DNA Databases ........................................... - 19 - Australia............................................................................................................................... - 20 - Austria .................................................................................................................................. - 24 - Bahrain................................................................................................................................. - 27 - Belarus ................................................................................................................................. -
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Identifiability of DNA Database Entries
    Student Paper Finalist In Proceedings of the American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium. pp 547-551. Nov 2000. Determining the Identifiability of DNA Database Entries Bradley Malin 1 and Latanya Sweeney 2 1Department of Biological Sciences 2School of Computer Science and Heinz School of Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania CleanGene is a software program that helps determine The rise in genetic data and resulting the identifiability of sequenced DNA, independent of databases have a variety of uses in genetic and any explicit demographics or identifiers maintained molecular biology research, including the ability to with the DNA. The program computes the likelihood determine hotspots of mutation in genes and familial that the release of DNA database entries could be studies. Despite the considerable amount of basic and related to specific individuals that are the subjects of clinical research that may benefit from the availability the data. The engine within CleanGene relies on of such data, care must be taken when such data are publicly available health care data and on knowledge population based. The issue of genetic privacy is of of particular diseases to help relate identified utmost concern and must be addressed in terms of what individuals to DNA entries. Over 20 diseases, ranging information can be leaked before population based over ataxias, blood diseases, and sex-linked mutations DNA data is shared. are accounted for, with 98-100% of individuals found identifiable. We assume the genetic material is BACKGROUND released in a linear sequencing format from an individual’s genome. CleanGene and its related To facilitate radical increases in human experiments are useful tools for any institution seeking genetic research information and expedite scientific to provide anonymous genetic material for research discovery, the National Center for Biotechnology purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • National DNA Databases—Practice and Practicability. a Forum for Discussion
    International Congress Series 1261 (2004) 1–8 www.ics-elsevier.com National DNA databases—practice and practicability. A forum for discussion Peter D. Martin* Ex-Metropolitan Police Laboratory, London, La Borderie, 87440 Saint Mathieu, France Abstract. The success of the established National DNA databases (NDNAD) in linking crimes and nominating possible suspects has prompted many countries to enact legislation for the introduction of their own databases. While the technology used in the production of the DNA profiles remains consistent (there is a core set of STR loci common to all laboratories), there is considerable variation in the regulations which cover the entry of personal profiles. Five invited speakers presented the current situation with NDNADs in Europe and North America. The presentations included: (1) the various categories of crime for which a profile can be entered onto a database; (2) the numbers of profiles held on the databases; (3) whether the DNA samples can be retained for future analysis; (4) the successes of the various databases; (5) the interaction between the operators of the databases and other elements of the criminal justice systems. There were also discussions of the possible future technological developments that may affect the databases and a cautionary note on the quality measures necessary to ensure accuracy of analysis and database management and the potential for the misuse of the data retained. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: National DNA database; DNA profile; STR multiplexes 1. Introduction DNA databases for criminal offenders and unsolved crimes have now become established in many countries as an everyday tool for use in the investigation of crime.
    [Show full text]
  • 23Policemenandme: Analyzing the Constitutional Implications of Police Use of Commercial Dna Databases
    23POLICEMENANDME: ANALYZING THE CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF POLICE USE OF COMMERCIAL DNA DATABASES Evan Frohman∗ INTRODUCTION In 1984, the English scientist Alec Jeffery discovered the variable DNA markers that exist within every person.1 Within a year, the English police became the first law enforcement agency to use DNA’s identification capabilities to successfully catch a criminal. 2 The technique crossed the pond to the United States and was soon followed by the creation of a national DNA profile database in 1990.3 At first, the database was just for sex offenders. Then it was for all felons, then convicted criminals, and now even arrestees. 4 Additionally, some local DNA databases, which lack the regulations and restrictions that federal law imposes on the national database, include witnesses, victims, family members of victims, and helpful citizens who responded to DNA dragnets.5 This power creep has continued as law enforcement agencies expand the DNA identification technique’s reach ever further with the implementation of familial searches, which capture individuals 6 with genetic relation to a DNA profile in the database. ∗ J.D. 2020, University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School; B.A. Political Science, Legal Studies, Economics, 2016, Northwestern University. Special thanks to Professor David Rudovsky, Dr. Stella Tsirka, Dr. Michael Frohman, (soon to be Dr.) Maddie O’Brien, and the University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law for their support and wisdom. Sorry Mom, this is the closest I’m getting to science. 1 The History of Genetic Fingerprinting, U. OF LEICESTER, https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/ genetics/jeffreys/history-gf (last visited Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DUTCH FOCUS on DNA in the CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: NET-WIDENING of JUDICIAL DATA John A
    THE DUTCH FOCUS ON DNA IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: NET-WIDENING OF JUDICIAL DATA John A. E. Vervaele, F.C.W. de Graaf et N. Tielemans ERES | « Revue internationale de droit pénal » 2012/3 Vol. 83 | pages 459 à 480 Document téléchargé depuis www.cairn.info - University of Utrecht 131.211.104.202 03/05/2019 17h11. © ERES ISSN 0223-5404 ISBN 9782749236353 Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-droit-penal-2012-3-page-459.htm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour ERES. © ERES. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Document téléchargé depuis www.cairn.info - University of Utrecht 131.211.104.202 03/05/2019 17h11. © ERES Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 101-200.qxp:RIDP vierge par 100 qxp 21/05/13 19:18 Page113 THE DUTCH FOCUS ON DNA IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: NET-WIDENING OF JUDICIAL DATA! J.A.E. VERVAELE, F.C.W. DE GRAAF & N. TIELEMANS! Document téléchargé depuis www.cairn.info - University of Utrecht 131.211.104.202 03/05/2019 17h11.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Audit of Legislative Frameworks Within the European
    A comparative audit of legislative frameworks within the European Union for the collection, retention and use of forensic DNA profiles Kristiina Reed Denise Syndercombe Court Kristiina Reed Dr. Denise Syndercombe-Court King’s College London 150 Stamford Street London, SE1 9nH, UK [email protected] [email protected] © Copyright remains with the authors The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 285487 (EUROFORGEN- NoE). London, UK, August 2014 (updated in June 2016) 1 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Austria ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Belgium .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Bulgaria........................................................................................................................................ 11 Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Cyprus .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Czech Republic ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]