E-Avis ISDC 2020-02 THE REGULATION OF THE USE OF DNA IN LAW ENFORCEMENT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Espagne, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA, European Union Current to: 28.08.2020 Please refer to as : H. Westermark / A. Aronovitz / J. Curran / I. Fausch / J. Fournier / L. Hohenecker / A. Kleczewski / I. Pretelli / R. Polanco Lazo / K. Topaz Druckman / C. Viennet / F. Went / J. Zheng, The Regulation of the Use of DNA in Law Enforcement, current to : 28.08.2020. E-Avis ISDC 2020-02, disponible sur www.isdc.ch. This text may be downloaded for personal research purposes only. The Swiss Institute of Comparative Law does not accept liability for any other use of the text. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the Institute. E-Avis ISDC Série de publications électroniques d’avis de droit de l’ISDC / Elektronische Publikationsreihe von Gutachten des SIR / Serie di pubblicazioni elettroniche di pareri dell’Istituto svizzero di diritto comparato / Series of Electronic Publications of Legal Opinions of the SICL 20-016 2 INDEX I. Background and Questions .................................................................................................... 6 1. Context and Mandate ........................................................................................................... 6 2. Questions............................................................................................................................... 6 II. Comparative Summary .......................................................................................................... 8 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile (Forensic DNA Phenotyping) ..... 9 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Permissibility ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Personal Characteristics that may be Analysed .................................................................. 10 1.4 Offences Concerned ............................................................................................................ 10 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Permissibility ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Offences Concerned ............................................................................................................ 13 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA Profiles .............................................................................. 13 3.1 Requirements on the Entry of DNA Profiles in the DNA Database ..................................... 13 3.2 Retention Periods of the DNA Profile of Convicted Persons ............................................... 14 3.3 Circumstances requiring the deletion of the DNA Profile ................................................... 15 3.4 Specific Rules for Young Offenders ..................................................................................... 16 3.5 Destruction of the Sample used for the Creation of the DNA profile ................................. 16 III. Country Reports .................................................................................................................. 18 A. Austria ................................................................................................................................ 18 1. Analyse persönlicher Eigenschaften aus dem DNA-Profil ................................................... 18 1.1 Molekulargenetische Untersuchung nach der StPO ........................................................... 18 1.2 DNA-Untersuchungen nach dem SPG ................................................................................. 19 2. Durchführung von sog. Verwandtenrecherchen (familial search) ...................................... 21 3. Aufbewahrungsdauer / Löschfristen für DNA-Profile ......................................................... 23 3.1 Speicherung und Löschung von DNA-Profilen nach der StPO ............................................. 23 3.2 Speicherung von DNA-Profilen nach dem SPG .................................................................... 24 3.3 Löschen von DNA-Profilen nach dem SPG .......................................................................... 26 B. Belgium .............................................................................................................................. 29 1. Analyse des caractéristiques personnelles du profil ADN ................................................... 29 2. Recherche élargie en parentèle .......................................................................................... 32 3. Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 32 3.1 Banques de données ........................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 34 C. Canada ............................................................................................................................... 37 3 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile ................................................. 37 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 38 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA Profiles .............................................................................. 40 3.1 The National DNA Data Bank .............................................................................................. 40 3.2 Profiles contained on the National DNA Data Bank ............................................................ 41 3.3 Rules for the retention and deletion of DNA profiles ......................................................... 42 D. Denmark ............................................................................................................................. 44 1. Analysis of Personal Characteristics from the DNA Profile ................................................. 44 2. Familial DNA Searches ......................................................................................................... 44 3. Retention and Deletion of DNA profiles .............................................................................. 44 3.1 Retention periods for DNA profiles ..................................................................................... 45 3.2 Taking and destruction of DNA samples ............................................................................. 45 E. France ................................................................................................................................ 47 1. Analyse des caractéristiques personnelles du profile ADN ................................................. 47 2. Recherche élargie en parentèle .......................................................................................... 49 3. Conservation et effacement des profils ADN ...................................................................... 50 F. Germany ............................................................................................................................. 55 1. Analyse persönlicher Eigenschaften aus dem DNA-Profil ................................................... 55 1.1 Persönliche Eigenschaften .................................................................................................. 55 1.2 Genehmigungsverfahren ..................................................................................................... 57 1.3 Entdecken von Krankheiten ................................................................................................ 58 2. Verwandtenrecherchen ...................................................................................................... 58 3. Aufbewahrungsdauer/Löschfristen für DNA-Profile ........................................................... 60 3.1 Kategorien von Personen (Verurteilte/Tatverdächtige) ..................................................... 61 3.2 Löschfristen ........................................................................................................................ 62 3.3 Tatverdacht nicht bestätigt und Freispruch ........................................................................ 63 3.4 Vernichten des Materials .................................................................................................... 63 3.5 Löschfristen für minderjährige/jugendliche Straftäter ....................................................... 64 3.6 Verlängerung der Aufbewahrungsdauer im Einzelfall ........................................................ 64 G. Italy .................................................................................................................................... 65 1. Analyse des caractéristiques de la personne à partir de l’ADN .......................................... 65 1.1 Analyse des caractéristiques