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Tides of Innovation in Oceania Value, Materiality and Place TIDES OF INNOVATION IN OCEANIA VALUE, MATERIALITY AND PLACE TIDES OF INNOVATION IN OCEANIA VALUE, MATERIALITY AND PLACE EDITED BY ELISABETTA GNECCHI-RUSCONE AND ANNA PAINI MONOGRAPHS IN ANTHROPOLOGY SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Tides of innovation in Oceania : value, materiality and place / Elisabetta Gnecchi-Ruscone, Anna Paini, editors. ISBN: 9781760460921 (paperback) 9781760460938 (ebook) Series: Monographs in anthropology series. Subjects: Hau‘ofa, Epeli--Influence. Ethnology--Oceania. Oceania--Social conditions. Oceania--Economic conditions. Other Creators/Contributors: Paini, Anna, editor. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Front cover photograph by Elisabetta Gnecchi- Ruscone. Back cover photograph by Anna Paini. This edition © 2017 ANU Press Contents List of Figures and Tables . vii Acronyms and Abbreviations . xi Acknowledgements . xv Prologue: Where is Anthropology Located in the Task of Putting People First? . 1 Andrew Moutu Introduction: Tides of Innovation in Oceania . 9 Anna Paini and Elisabetta Gnecchi-Ruscone Part One. Mapping Materiality in Time and Place 1 . Alterity and Autochthony: Austronesian Cosmographies of the Marvellous . 37 Marshall Sahlins 2 . Moving Objects: Reflections on Oceanic Collections . 77 Margaret Jolly 3 . Kanak Engraved Bamboos: Stories of the Past, Stories of the Present . 115 Roberta Colombo Dougoud 4 . Re-dressing Materiality: Robes Mission from ‘Colonial’ to ‘Cultural’ Object, and Entrepreneurship of Kanak Women in Lifou . 139 Anna Paini Part Two. Value and Agency: Local Experiences in Expanded Narratives 5 . Kanak Women on the Move in Contemporary New Caledonia . 181 Marie-Claire Beboko-Beccalossi 6 . A Fat Sow Named Skulfi: ‘Expensive’ Words in Dobu Island Society . 193 Susanne Kuehling 7 . Development, Tourism and Commodification of Cultures in Vanuatu . 225 Marc Tabani 8 . Diversification of Foods and their Values: Pacific Foodscapes . 261 Nancy J . Pollock 9 . The Innovation of Tradition: Reflections on the Ebb and Flow of Heritage Regimes in Fiji . 295 Guido Carlo Pigliasco Epilogue . 333 Christian Kaufmann Contributors . 343 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1. A heva tūpāpa‘u, or chief mourner’s costume, from the Society Islands ...................................80 Figure 2. A Hawaiian ki‘i akua hulu manu in a glass case on a pedestal in Life in the Pacific of the 1700s: The Cook/Forster Collection of the Georg-August University of Göttingen, 23 February–14 May 2006, Honolulu Academy of Arts .......86 Figure 3. Barkcloth from many different Pacific places on display in Life in the Pacific of the 1700s: The Cook/Forster Collection of the Georg-August University of Göttingen, 23 February–14 May 2006, Honolulu Academy of Arts . 87 Figure 4. Kawena, Pele, and Kuhilani, daughters of La‘akea Suganuma, per form hula as part of the opening ceremonies for Life in the Pacific of the 1700s, Honolulu Academy of Arts, 24 February 2006 .............................89 Figure 5. Fishhooks from many Pacific Islands on display in a glass case in Cook’s Pacific Encounters, National Museum of Australia, 2006. .94 Figure 6. Kanak engraved bamboos .........................117 Figure 7. Kanak engraved bamboo with geometric patterns .......119 Figure 8. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating taro cultivation ....................................119 Figure 9. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating the chief’s hut .....................................120 Figure 10. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating mourning ................................120 vii TIDES OF Innovation IN OCEANIA Figure 11. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating a soldier on a horse .................................121 Figure 12. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating soldiers with rifles. 122 Figure 13. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo illustrating drunken soldiers ....................................123 Figure 14. Micheline Néporon .............................127 Figure 15. Halte à l’alcool (Stop to alcohol). Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo by Micheline Néporon .................131 Figure 16. A girl drinking from a bottle of alcohol. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo by Micheline Néporon ...........131 Figure 17. A damaged minibus, crashed into a tree. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo by Micheline Néporon ...........132 Figure 18. An unconscious person lying on the ground. Detail of Kanak engraved bamboo by Micheline Néporon .........132 Figure 19. Poster of the second Fête de la Robe Mission, June 2010, Koohné .................................145 Figure 20. Pohnimë Haluatr (far left) and other Loyalty Islander women in Paita, near Nouméa, July 1971 ................150 Figure 21. New style robe mission by Eseka, showing details of the top part of the dress and sleeves ...................157 Figure 22. Magasin ‘Couture Nana’, Nang, Lifou ...............164 Figure 23. Old and new robes, Protestant convention, Kumo, Lifou ......................................166 Figure 24. The worktable of Eseka’s atelier, Lifou ...............167 Figure 25. Eseka Couture, Nouméa .........................168 Figure 26. Hand-dyed robes drying in the sun, Hapetra, Lifou .....168 Figure 27. Hand painting flowers on a hand-dyed robe mission, ‘Naji Couture’ by Ijane, Hapetra, Lifou ..................169 Figure 28. Festival International des Textiles Extraordinaires (FITE), Metropolitan Museum of Manila (MET), Manila ....172 viii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 29. Marie-Claire Beboko-Beccalossi (24 February 1942–29 March 2009). 190 Table 1. Examples of Pidgin influence on Dobuan ..............203 Table 2. A selection of old words of value .....................204 Table 3. Some ‘expensive’ words with a Christian interpretation ....207 Table 4. Examples of terms of new value .....................210 Table 5. Examples of English loan words in everyday use and in devaluation ..................................216 Figure 30. ‘Good foods’ at Talamahu market (breadfruit, kape, coconuts, green banana, taro leaves) ................270 ix Acronyms and Abbreviations ADCK Agency for the Development of Kanak Culture ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States BTF Bureau Technique des Femmes CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CF.NC Conseil des Femmes de Nouvelle Calédonie CFM.NC Council of Melanesian Women of New Caledonia CFP French Pacific Franc CHD coronary heart disease CIRAD Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CMAA Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology EC expression of culture EHESS École des hautes études en sciences sociales ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESfO European Society for Oceanists ESK Etudes des Sociétés Kanak EU European Union FAFM-NC Federation of Melanesian Women’s Associations of New Caledonia xi TIDES OF Innovation IN OCEANIA FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FF French Franc FIPO Fiji Intellectual Property Office FITE Festival International des Textiles Extraordinaires FJD Fiji dollar FLNKS Front de Libération Nationale Kanak Socialiste GSM Global System for Mobile Communications IMF International Monetary Fund INSEE National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies IP intellectual property IR international relations ITALY I Truly Always Love You JARCF Jeunesse Agricole et Rurale Catholique des Femmes JBE Jastis Blong Evriwan (Justice Belong Everyone) KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken LMS London Missionary Society MDG Millennium Development Goals MEG Musée d’ethnographie de Genève MEN Musée d’ethnographie de Neuchâtel MET Metropolitan Museum of Manila mfSVM mouvement féminin vers un Souriant Village Mélanésien MNC Musée de Nouvelle-Calédonie MQB Musée du Quai Branly MSG Melanesian Spearhead Group MSME micro, small and medium enterprise xii ACRONYMS AND Abbreviations NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NCDs non-communicable diseases NGO non-governmental organisation NHO Native Hawaiian organization NLA National Library of Australia NMA National Museum of Australia PPE Papuan Pidgin English PIFS Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat PNG Papua New Guinea SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community (formerly South Pacific Commission) SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme SWIMMING Sleep While I Move My Inter National Gear TOM French Overseas Territory TK traditional knowledge TKS Tafea Kaljoral Senta UHM University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VKS Vanuatu Kaljoral Senta (Vanuatu Cultural Centre) VP Vanuaaku Pati WCED World Commission on Environment and Development WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WTO World Trade Organization xiii Acknowledgements Our greatest thanks are due to the women and men of the Pacific for welcoming us, sharing their time, knowledge and food and entering in a long-lasting dialogue which continues across the ocean, of which this volume is just one outcome. We are also thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
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