ZIM La Crsnica de Nuevo Mlxico ~ OV5 ZIM Per OV5 ~. Received on: 06-08-07 F March 1996 791 C7x no. 42
A CRONICA ~ . . ISSUE NUMBER 42 OE NUEVO MEXICO
ELEANOR BURNHAM ADAMS 'Ih.e c:Bosque ~do:n.doc:Me:rnorial by Dorothy R. Parker Associate Professor of History the encampment, but the more Eastern New Mexico University numerous Navajos. who were much far If you have had occasion to drive ther from their homeland. stayed at the west on Highway 60-84 from Melrose in Bosque for four years under increasing recent years. and if you are familiar with ly impossible conditions. f inally, in 1868. 19th century New Mexico history, you General William Tecumseh Sherman may have been struck as you approach neqotlated a treaty whereby they were ed Ft. Sumner by the absence of any allowed to return home. mention of the nearby Bosque Redondo. Now, almost one hundred and thirty Numerous billboards and highway signs years later. with the blesstnq of Apache direct the traveler to the "real" grave of and Navajo leaders. a Memorial is be ing Billy the Kid and the privately owned planned to commemorate the so-called museum nearby that displays artifacts of "Long Wall<" and the years of imprison the late 1800S, but few outsiders who ment. In 1993 the New Mexico State drive through the area are given a clue Legislature went on record in support of about another event that has been over such a memorial. after it received the en shadowed in the public mind by Billy dorsement of Mescalero Apache Presi Bonney and lost through public dent Wendell Chino and Navajo Nation indifference. President Peteson Zah. Both tribes and The fact is that. during the Civil War. the town of Ft. Sumner will be worlanq about 8.000 Navajos and 400 Mescalero with the New Mexico State Monuments Eleanor Adams. with her 1990 Historical Society of New Mexico Board of Directors Award. Apaches were interred at a site on the Division to erect the memorial and a Pecos River called the Bosque Redondo. much-expanded exhibition center as part Nearby Ft. Sumner was established at of the planned expansion of Fort Sumner One of New Mexico 's most distinguished historians. Eleanor Burnham Adams died that time to accommodate the soldiers State Monument. at Norwell. Mass. on January 15.She was eighty-five. A retired professor from the Univer who were assigned to make sure the The long-term success of these plans sity of New Mexico . Miss Adams also served for more than ten years as editor of the Indians stayed there. Col. Kit Carson. will depend larQely on fundinq. of course. New Mexico Historical Review. DUring her tenure at the Review. she maintained the who had carried out Col. Carleton's If you are interested in helping with this tradition of superior scholarship originated by her predecessors, Lansing B. Bloom orders to capture the Indians and force project. send your donation for the and Frank D. Reeve. MissAdams was also author or co-author of many important books them to wall< 350 miles across the Ter Bosque Redondo Memorial to Project and articles concerning the history of colonial Mexico and the American ritory. was briefly in charge of the fort. Director. Museum of New Mexico . P.O. Southwest. The Apaches gradually disappeared from Box 2087, santa r e, NM 87504-2087.- DRP Born in Cambridge. Mass.. in 1910, Miss Adams attended the Cambridge Latin School. and graduated cum laude from Radcliffe College in 1931 . Subsequently. she pursued ~raduate studies in Spain at the Centro de Estudios Historicos and at the University • of Madrid . specializing in Sixteenth-century Italian and Spanish literature. At the same time. she also developed strong interests in art. music. and modem dance. After returning to the United States. she began her life's work as a historian in 1934 ~ook Treasures 3D ~ortales with the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution based in the Peabody Museum at Harvard University. As a Carnegie researcher. Miss Adams came to the by Dorothy R. Parker University of New Mexico in 1939and remained there for the next decade. For a year. 1880 was entirely new to the area) from she served as curator of Hispanic manuscripts at the prestigious Bancroft Library of Two relatively unknown collections of the University of California at berkelev. books that may be of interest to many Chicaqo to Cuidad Chihuahua. She returned to the University of New Mexico in 1951 as Research Professor-at-Large readers in New Mexico are housed at Another rare holding is the thirty-two for the next twenty-four years until her retirement in 1975. Durinq her 10nQ tenure at Eastern New Mexico University. on the volumes (!) by 1.Evetts Haley. who wrote UNM, she continued the scholarly partnership beoun at Carnegie with Professor France eastern side of the state in Portales. of his experiences as a cowboy on many W. Scholes. a collaboration that resulted in publication of a series of important works Shelved in the user-friendly Special Col of the large ranches. including the Bell reqardinq the Yucatan. Throughout her long career. Miss Adams devoted herself to lections area on the second floor of Ranch. of the Llano Estacado. Many of meticulous research and critical interpretation of documentary sources. Professor Golden Libraryare two very different col these volumes are autocraphed. There Richard E. Greenleaf. a long-time colleague, has described her translations as "worbs lections of primary and secondary are also twenty-one volumes of the of art. literate and erudite. and annotated with precision." Her publications in New materials. poetry and selected works of Witter Mexico history include Bishop Tamar6n's Visitation of New Mexico. 1760. and. with The most unique collection at the Bynner. some of which are annotated by Fray Angelico Chavez. the magisterial Missions of New Mexico. 1776: A Description the author. by Fray Francisco A tanasio Dominguez. library is devoted to science fiction. In 1984. Tulane University conferred the decree of Doctor of Humane Letters on Named for JackWilliamson. the very pro Also of interest is an oral history pro Miss Adams in recognition of her role in developtnq historical stud ies in the United lific and highly regarded author of over ject begun by students of history pro States. Other honors have included an Award of Merit from the Association of State forty novels in that genre. the collection fessor Dr. Robert Matheny in 1972 to and Local History in 1973. the New Mexico Governor's Award of Honor for Historic contains about 15.000 hardcover preserve the recollections of farmers and Preservation in 1984. and the Historical Society of New Mexico's Board of Directors volumes and 11 .000 pulps. Williamson ranchers who settled eastern New Mex Award for a lifetime of distinguished achievement in 1990. himself lives in Portales and has donated ico in the early 1900S. Some of the inter When Tulane's president. Eamon M. Kelly. presented the honorary decree to Miss his papers. all fifty-pluscubic feet of them views have been transcribed. and most Adams, his introductory remarks included the followinq words: to the university. Although he is now are available in some form for research Your meticulous research and lucid writing have shed liQht on the professor emeritus, he still collaborates by interested persons. complexities of Colonial Mexican and Southwest American History, in teachinq an annual creative writing The Special Collections Department at and your numerous published works have played a central role in course in science fiction . Eastern New Mexico University can be the development of an entire academic specialty . .. Because you The other extensive collection con accessed through Interlibrary Loan. It is chose a life of the mind and a life dedicated to sharinq what you have tains books and stand-up files pertainlnq under the expert supervision of librarian learned. your wealth of lmowledce. keen curiosity. and love of your to New Mexico and the Southwest. some Gene Bundy. who is himself a most en subject have benefited ~enerations of historians. Indeed. we owe you of which are increasingly hard to find thusiastic reader and knowledgeable a debt of ~ratitude for the rich lecacv you have provided American scholarhship. elsewhere. For instance, there is a guide to these literary treasures. The volume by Georoe C. Street. published Director of Golden Library is Dr. Edwin Without doubt. President Kelly spoke for all of us who have come under the in- in 1883.entitled Chef Wah! Wah!. or. the Dowlin. For further information, call fluence of Eleanor Adams. - J.B. modem Montezumas in Mexico. This is Special Collections 505-562-2636 or a fascinating first-hand account of young Golden Library 505-562-2624. men riding the train (which of course in -DRP
See you in Las Ve~as, Ne-w Atexico for the Annual Conference of The Historical Society of New .Mexico - April 18 - 20, 1996 WHO DONE IT? Ranch house and corral were at spring Borderline Show "in deep copse." Kozlowski reputed to Combines Art and (And did Bishop Lam.y say it was o.k.?) have used timbers from Pecos pueblo and mission ruins in buidinq ranch." In Southwest History by E. Donald Kaye the Journal itself. Bandelier. again writing Followin~ the 1846 war between the How did the ruins of the Spanish have had color of title. but was sued by in 1880, merely states that Mrs. U.S.A. and Mexico. several important church at Pecos become ruins? The post the ll.S. for damages for occupying Indian Kozlowski. who had been" . . . here . . .'. artists accompanied the survey team Pueblo Revoltchurch, the ruins of which land. (The u.s. lost on a technicality that for twenty two years " ... and saw the establishing the new boundary that we we can see today at Pecos National had nothing to do with title. 6) houses stillperfect. The church was with share today. Remarkable paintings and Historical Park,was one of the many New With regard to the murder mentioned its roof and complete. Kozlowski tore drawings by John Russell Bartlett. Henry Mexico churches built of adobe. It had above, there is yet another puzzle and parts of it down to build stables and Cheever Pratt and Seth Eastman are the usual thick wallsand a roof compos some social commentary. The District houses." being displayed at The Albuquerque ed of beams (vi~as) on top of which were Court records of San Mi~uel County 7 But there is more to the "Who was Museum in a new exhibit which opened aspen or cedar latillas. On top, no doubt. show the miscreant (read: murderer) as Kozlowski? Mystery." Marc Simmons, in March 3, called Drawing the Borderline: was two feet or more of earth. A buildinq beinq Martin Kozlowski. and the victim's the School of American Research Artist-Explorers of the U.S.-Mexico Boun of this sort can last for hundreds of years name as Archuleta. Although Kajenchi. booklet entitled Pecos Ruins, (1981) says dary Survey. This exhibition is the first if properly cared for. but for only a few ~ain in a footnote, would have us believe the vandal was Andrew Kozlowski. He ever compiled in New Mexico on the years if not. If the roof is removed. the that the shooting was just something agrees. it seems, with Kessell. But in visual imaqes completed immediately buildinq willmelt. for it is only mud and almost accidentally done in the "heat of Pecos - Gateway to Pueblo & Plains. 13 after the 1846 war and the subsequent even in the arid southwest. the rain will passion," and that is what he was sent to published in 1988. he has chanced his Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which melt the walls away. Ifpeople vandalize jail for. the description of the crime and mind and says it was a squatter named forced Mexico to sellalmost half its lands the building, it willbecome ruined even the Grand Jury's true bill clearly indicate Martin Kozlowski who did the evil deed. to the United States for $15 million. more quickly. nothing less than deliberate. premeditated So in the latter publication he agrees with The U.s.-Mexico Boundary Survey of The last Spanish church at Pecos murder. Kozlowski did have friends and Kajenczi. except about the squatter part. 1850-53. led by commissioner John melted. in part. because the roof beams the victim was "Mexican," the murderer of course. Guessing that Dr. Simmons Russell Bartlett. conducted a 2.000 mile and other wood were removed. Bywhom? and the jud~e Anglo. and the sentence changed his mind because of the Kajen scenic and adventurous examination of It was Kozlowski. But - who was he? mild. The newspaper report 8 mentions cki book, I queried him and he confirm lands stretchinq from the Rio Grande at He owned Kozlowski's Ranch. a spot his friends. his "advanced age" (he was ed that was the reason 14 but surprised El Paso through northern Mexico and that earned its place in historyby existing fifty-one years old). the fact that he was me by addinq that Joseph Kozlowski was what became the southern limitsof New at the time Confederateand Union troops drunk at the time. and that money was shown as being in jail in the 1880 cen Mexico. Arizona and California over to fought the Battleof Glorieta Passso very raised for his defense. Judoe Bradford sus. Kaiencla. in hisbook, said it was Mar the Pacific Ocean near San Dieoo. Most closeto Pecos. to Cicuyeas the inhabitants Princecomplied with a petitionfor lenien tin that was in jail. and Iwas able to con of the work in this exhibition dates from - when first there were inhabitants - may cy signedby many of hisfriends. accepted firm this in microfilm of that census. 15 1850-1853. created by Bartlett and Pratt have calledit and as we RnOW the Spanish a plea of guilty to murder in the 4th Joseph, by then married, shows up in the on site in the course of the survey.These first called it. that pueblo which from degree. and sentenced him to two years Pecos precinct census of that year. imaqes eventually provided people in around 1325 AD. sat astride the trade in the pokey. The puzzle part consists of What do we make of all this?We can other parts of the country with their first route from the Plains to the western how the murder actually occurred, in a bar probably assume, since everyone seems views and concepts of the newly pueblos and beyond. Thatpueblo that un or "in the darkness." 9 to agree. that Kozlowski was the man acquired American Southwest. In addi til the Spaniards carne had never been But bach to the mission church of who dismantled the roof beams and so tion to the official survey views. this conquered. That pueblo that had been at Pecos: Kessell 10 says that although in at least hastened the changin~ of the exhibit presents Henry Cheever Pratt's war with many of itsneiohborssince time 1858 the roof of the church was disin church at Pecos Pueblo from a larce, portrait. landscape and allegoricalworks immemorial. That pueblo that for loncer tegrating. the major damage was done magnificent edifice to a laroe, crumbling related to the survey - oil paintincs than anyone could remember traded with by one Andrew (!) Kozlowski. who arriv ruin. But what Kozlowski - Martin. which have not been exhibited tocether the Apaches and others of the plains. but in~ in that year squatted on land near the Joseph. or Andrew? No, Martin did not since 1872. would not let those people remain within church and whose widow told Bandelier have a known middle name. at least ac In the early 1850S. the US-Mexico the fortified walls at night. C'Hope for the that although the roof beams were in cording to the document (reproduced in Boundary Survey encounter ed best.but preparefor the worst," somebody place when they carne. her husband had Kaiencki) showing his enlistment in the numerous problems left over from once said.) pulled many of them down to build U.S. Army in 1853. 50. what we must previous controversies that had sparRed Bythe time Kozlowski startedhisranch. houses. stables and corrals. (Kajencki says agree upon is that professional historians the war. Confusion over the exact boun Pecos Pueblo had been abandoned for that Martin's wife predeceased him.) did not agree on which Kozlowski dary. the starting-point coordinates for two decades. I Kessell goes on to say that by Bandelier's deserves the title of TheVandal of Pecos. the survey and the political pressures for The Pueblo carne in contact with the day. the church was a ruin and quotes or at least did not agree on what his a transcontinental railroad route throuqh Spanish almost as soon as Coronado's Bandelier. "writing in 1880 ." I I Bandelier name was. Thiswould not be a bit startl the disputed territory all added to the people carne to what isnow NewMexico. also refers to Kozlowski as Andrew. refers in~ if we were referrmq to history in a distracting influences. Ultimately. Pecos was,in a manner of spealanq. con admiringly to his wife.a good cook. and time or area where most people were il political changes back in Washin~ton. quered then and again in 1590, ei~ht years Bandelier is the one and the only one . literate. but it is a bit mysterious when D.C. and the high costs of continuing the before Juan de Onate came to colonize as far as the present author can ascertain. we are talkmq about "yesterday's survey caused its repeal. The final settle New Mexico. In time. the Spanish fran who states - without bothering to cite history" in an era where records were ment of the boundary required a new ciscans built a church in Pecos. not one the source of his information - that l