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Introduction Notes Introduction 1. Jürgen Habermas, El cambio estructural de lo público (Buenos Aires: Amorrortu Editores, 1987), pp. 63–67. 2. Louis Dumont, Homo aequalis (Madrid: Taurus Ediciones, 1982), p. 14. 3. Pilar Gonzalbo Aizpuru, “Hacia una historia de la vida privada en Nueva España,” Historia Mexicana 42.2 (1992): 355–357. 4. Philippe Ariès y Georges Duby, Historia de la vida privada (Madrid: Taurus, 1987), pp. 7–19. 5. See José Luis Romero “El pensamiento conservador en el siglo XIX,” in, Situaciones e ideologías en Latinoamérica (México: UNAM, 1981), pp. 115–146. 6. Norberto Bobbio, Derecha e izquierda. Razones y significados de una distinción política (Madrid: Taurus), pp. 133–164. 7. Raúl Cepero Bonilla, Escritos históricos (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1989), p. 163. 8. Enrique José Varona, De la colonia a la república (La Habana: Sociedad Editorial Cuba Contemporánea, 1919), p. 229. 9. Fernando Ortiz, “La decadencia cubana,” Orbita (La Habana: UNEAC, 1973), p. 71. 10. Jorge Mañach, La crisis de la alta cultura en Cuba (Miami, Florida: Ediciones Universal, 1991), p. 42. 11. Rafael Rojas, “Ramiro Guerra o la memoria de un patricio,” Revista Op. Cit, 7, San Juan, 1992: pp. 121–144. 12. Ramiro Guerra, Azúcar y población en las Antillas (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1970), p. 164. 13. Rafael Rojas, “El discurso de la frustración republicana en Cuba” in El ensayo en Nuestra América (México: CCYDEL, UNAM, 1993), pp. 398–432. 14. Alexis Jardines, Filosofia cubana in nuce. Ensayo de historia intelectual (Madrid: Colibri, 2005), pp. 120–145. 156 Notes 15. Condesa de Merlin, Viaje a la Habana (La Habana: Editorial Arte y Literatura, 1974), p. 116. 16. Orestes Ferrara, Las enseñanzas de una revolución (La Habana: Editora Cultural S. A., 1932); Alberto Lamar Schweyer Biología de la democra- cia. Ensayo de sociología americana (La Habana: Editorial Minerva, 1927) and La crisis del patriotismo. Una teoria de las inmigraciones (La Habana: Editorial Marti, 1929); Gustavo Gutierrez Sanchez, La desintegracion de la nacion cubana (La Habana: Imprenta “El Siglo XX,” 1919). 17. Ortiz, “La decadencia cubana,” p. 69. Mañach, La crisis de la alta cultura en Cuba, pp. 45–50. Mañach’s case may be more complex. His works reflect a constant swing between Cubanity’s hope and disillu- sionment. Both tendencies are apparent in his book Historia y estilo (1944). While he admits Cuba’s force in its historical formation, he also laments the fragility of its civic-moral fabric. Jorge Mañach, Pasado vigente (La Habana: Editorial Trópico, 1939), pp. 112–116. Duanel Díaz, Mañach o la República (La Habana; Insituto Cubano del Libro, 2003), pp. 149–178. 18. Ana Cairo Ballester, El Grupo Minorista y su tiempo (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1978); Duanel Diaz Infante, Los limites del origenismo (Madrid: Colibri, 2005). 19. Richard Fagen, The Transfornation of Political Culture in Cuba (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1969), pp. 1–18; Jorge I. Domínguez, Cuba. Order and Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1978), pp. 58–109; Louis A. Pérez Jr., Cuba between Reform and Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 229–275; Marifeli Pérez-Stable, The Cuban Revolution. Origins, Course and Legacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 17–23; Charles D. Ameringer, The Cuban Democratic Experience. The Aunténtico Years (Gainesville: University f Florida Press, 2000), pp. 167–190; Robert Whitney, State and Revolution in Cuba. Mass Mobilization and Political Change, 1920–1940 (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001), pp. 149–176; Julia E. Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 1–11; Samuel Farber, The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 13–32; Frank Argote-Freyre, Fulgencio Batista. From Revolutionary to Strongman (Rutgers: Rutgers University Press, 2006), pp. 72–85. 20. Edmundo Desnoes, Memorias del subdesarrollo (Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1968), p. 39. 21. José Quiroga, Cuban Palimpsests (Minneapolis: University of Missesota Press, 2005), pp. 25–50; Damián Fernández, Cuba Transnational (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005), pp. 24–41. Notes 157 1 José Martí and the First Cuban Republicanism This chapter is translated by Rafael Rojas 1. Niall Ferguson, ed., Virtual History. Alternatives and Counterfactuals (London: Macmillan Publishers, 1997), pp. 79–90. 2. Rubén Darío, Los raros (Buenos Aires: Colección Austral, 1952), pp. 193–203. 3. Sobre la religiosidad política del mito martiano, see Antonio Elorza, La religione politica. I fondamentalismi (Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1996), pp. 202–222. 4. Sigmund Freud, Obras Completas (Madrid: Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, 1973), vol. 3, pp. 2444–2453. 5. Roland Barthes, Mitologías (México: Siglo XXI, 1980), pp. 199–213. 6. Marial Iglesias, “José Martí: mito, legitimación y símbolo. La génesis del mito martiano y la emergencia del nacionalismo republicano,” in José A. Piqueras, ed., Diez nuevas miradas a la historia de Cuba (Castelló de la Plana: Universitat Jaume Y, 1998), pp. 179–201. 7. Mario Riera, Cuba política (1898–1955) (La Habana: Impresora Modelo, 1955), p. 27. 8. Ottmar Ette, José Martí. Apóstol, poeta revolucionario: una historia de su recepción (México: UNAM, 1995), pp. 63–87. 9. Lillian Guerra, The Myth of Jose Mart: Conflicting Nationalism in Early Twentieth Century Cuba (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), pp. 44–60. 10. Margarita Mateo, Del bardo que te canta (La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 1988), pp. 136–167. 11. Cristóbal Díaz Ayala, Música cubana. Del areíto a la Nueva Trova (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial Cubanacán, 1981), p. 87; Oscar Luis López, Luis Casas Romero (La Habana: UNEAC, 1982), p. 159. 12. Ette, José Martí, pp. 40–42. 13. Ibid., pp. 60–62, 89–136. 14. Pierre Bourdieu, Meditaciones pascalianas (Barcelona: Anagrama, 1999), pp. 301–323. 15. Jesús Castellanos, Cabezas de estudio. Siluetas políticas (Miami: Editorial Cubana, 1996); Manuel Sanguily, Nobles memorias (Miami: International Press of Miami, 1982); Néstor Carbonell Rivero, Próceres (Miami: Editorial Cubana, 1999), pp. 179–186. 16. José Lezama Lima, Obras Completas (México: Editorial Aguilar, 1977), vol. 2, p. 410. 17. Ette, José Martí, pp. 89–136. 18. Bourdieu, Meditaciones pascalianas, pp. 313–316. 19. Ette, José Martí, p. 89. 158 Notes 20. Julio Antonio Mella, “Glosando los pensamientos de José Martí,” in Documentos de Cuba republicana (La Habana: Instituto Cubano del Libro, 1972), vol. 1, p. 168. 21. Charles D. Ameringer, The Cuban Democratic Experience. The Auténtico Years, 1944–1952 (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000), p. 14. 22. Carlos Prío Socarrás, El emigrado político y el soldado mambí (La Habana: Información y Publicidad, 1946), p. 19. 23. Historia de la Revolución Cubana (La Habana: Editora Política, 1980), pp. 7–43. 24. Ibid., pp. 20–21. 25. Robert Whtiney, State and Revolution in Cuba. Mass Mobilization and Political Change, 1920–1940 (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000), pp. 149–176. 26. Ottmar Ette, op. cit., pp. 137–140. 27. Joao Felipe Goncalves, “The Apostle in Stone: Nationalism and Monuments in Honor of José Martí,” manuscrito, 2001, pp. 7–14. 28. Fidel Castro, La historia me absolverá (La Habana: Oficina de Publicaciones del Consejo de Estado, 1993), pp. 108–109. 29. Véanse, por ejemplo, Fernando Martínez Heredia, “La noción de pueblo en La historia me absolverá,” Verde Olivo 46 (1973): 26–29; Zaida Rodríguez Ugido, “El principio del análisis clasista en el programa del Moncada,” Universidad de la Habana 223 (1984): 239–246. 30. Castro, La historia me absolverá, pp. 88–90. 31. Ibid., pp. 108–109. 32. See, for example, Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, “José Martí, contemporáneo y compañero” and Armando Hart Dávalos, “Discurso en Dos Ríos,” in Siete enfoques marxistas sobre José Martí (La Habana: Editora Política, 1978), pp. 79–114 y 117–137. 33. Ramón de Armas, La Revolución pospuesta: contenido y alcance de la revoución martiana por la independencia (La Habana: Ciencias Sociales, 1975); Pedro Pablo Rodríguez, “La idea de liberación nacional en José Martí,” in Pensamiento Crítico 49–50 (1971): 121–169; Carlos Ripoll, José Martí, the United States, and the Marxist Interpretation of Cuban History (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1984); José Manuel Hernández, Política y militarismo en la independencia de Cuba. 1868–1933 (Madrid: Editorial Colibrí, 2000), pp. 46–57. 34. José Martí, Obras Completas (La Habana: Editorial Lex, 1953), vol. 2, pp. 305, 379, 702. 35. Bernard Manin, The Principles of Representative Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 193–234. 36. See José Antonio Aguilar, En pos de la quiemera. Reflexiones sobre el experimento constitucional atlánstico (México: FCE, 2000), pp. 48–56. Notes 159 37. Rafael Rojas, José Martí: la invención de Cuba (Madrid: Editorial Colibrí, 2000); J.G.A Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Theory and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975); Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli, Machiavelli and Republicanism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Philip Pettit, Republicanismo. Una teoría sobre la libertad y el gobierno (Barcelona: Paidós, 1997). 38. Martí, Obras Completas, vol. 2, p. 931. 39. Ibid., p. 48. 40. Ibid., p. 260. 41. Ibid., p. 273. 42. Ibid., p. 567. 43. Ibid., p. 698. 44. See, for example, Colección de Estudios Martianos, Siete enfoques marxistas sobre José Martí (La Habana: Editora Política, 1978). 45. Martí, Obras Completas, vol. 2, pp. 954–957. See also, Paul Estrade, José Martí. Fundamentos de la democracia en Latinoamérica (Madrid: Doce Calles, 2000). 46. Martí, Obras Completas, vol. 2, p. 328. 47. Ibid., p. 433. 48. Ibid., p. 1103. 49. Ibid., p. 496. 50. Ibid., pp. 1238 and 1242. 51. Ibid., p. 1237. 52. Montesquieu, Del espíritu de las leyes (Madrid: Tecnos, 1995), pp. 204–220. 53. Leonel-Antonio de la Cuesta, ed., Constituciones cubanas. Desde 1812 hasta nuestros días (New York: Ediciones Exilio, 1974), pp.
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