UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS Library Series, 34 THE CUBAN REVOLUTION OF FIDEL CASTRO VIEWED FROM ABROAD An Annotated Bibliography Compiled By GILBERTO V. FORT ^ c UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES 1969 Rooififiaoisi Copyright 1969 by the University of Kansas Libraries Library of Congress Catalog card number 69-63018 Printed in Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., by the University of Kansas Printing Service CONTENTS FOREWORD, by Charles L. Stansifer vii PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION xii THE BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Pre-revolutionary Cuba 1 2. Revolution 13 3. The Bay of Pigs invasion 36 4. The October 1962 crisis and the aftermath 41 5. Fidel Castro 45 6- Exporting the revolution 53 7. Opposition in exile 71 8. Diplomatic relations 82 9. International organizations and the Cuban problem 90 10. Economic and social conditions 96 11. Law and justice Ill 12. Religious persecution 117 13. Education 120 14. Fiction and poetry 125 INDEX 133 V FOREWORD Because he is a Cuban he has more than a passing interest in the subject of this bibliography, but because he is a professional bibliographer- scholar he has objectively compiled a tool that will be of great utility to additional scholarly investigation of the Cuban Revolution. CHARLES L. STANSIFER Department of History University of Kansas viii PREFACE There is no doubt that the Cuban Revolution of 1959, or Fidel Castro's Revolution of 1959, whichever one wishes to call it, is one of the most extra• ordinary phenomena of the present century, particularly on the American Con• tinents. In 1966, I decided to investigate the possibility of preparing a bibli• ography of the published works concerning the Revolution. After making extensive investigations, I confirmed that, with the exception of a brief pam• phlet published in 1962 by Barbara Reason, in collaboration with two other members of the American University staff in Washington, D.C., no such bibli• ography existed. The present volume represents the ensuing two and a half years of research, which I offer to all students of the Revolution. The aim of this bibliography is to gather into a single volume all references to books and pamphlets about the Revolution. Whenever possible, references are annotated. The annotations do not in any way represent my own opinion concerning the works in question. I have confined myself to describing what the authors have written; and, at times, direct quotations are used. I leave to the researchers of the Revolution the decision on the validity of the statement of each author. In short, the annotations are descriptive, never critical, for since I am a Cuban in exile, in disagreement with communist ideology, any criticism on my part would be considered partial. I have limited,the geographical area of publication, the inclusion of titles, and the period which this work covers. The objective has been to include all books and pamphlets on and about the Cuban Revolution published on the American Continents, with the exception of Canada and Cuba. Periodical arti• cles arc excluded. It was necessary to establish a criterion for the inclusion of titles in this bibliography, for doubtless there are few books today which deal with history, economics, education, or any other Latin American topic which do not mention Castro's Cuba. Thus, I have included in this bibligraphy only those books which devote at least a complete chapter to some aspect of Castro's Revolution. I have also limited the material in the main to those items pub• lished between the years 1959 and 1965, although I have included some refer• ences to works published in 1966 and a few to those published in 1967. The pamphlet material included in the bibliography, largely exile publica• tions, is particularly difficult to trace bibliographically. However, most of the titles listed were located in the libraries of the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, and the Univer• sity of Kansas, ix PREFACE I have endeavored to organize this work as simply and practically as possi• ble. First, I have classified all the works under subjects which seem the most desirable for grouping the material involved: The pre-revolutionary situation: Books on pre-Castro Cuba, and those covering the later period, but with emphasis on Cuba before 1958. Revolution: Analytic studies, and also historical treatments of Castro's rise to power and of the later development of the Revolution, as well as biblio• graphical sources. Bay of Pigs Invasion: The landing of Cuban exiles in Cuba in 1961 and their unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Castro regime. October 1962 crisis and the aftermath: The crisis of October 12-28, 1962, and the confrontation of the United States and Russia over the placement of missiles in Cuba. Fidel Castro: Biographies of Castro, speeches by and about him, his ideology, his thought, and interviews with him. Opposition in exile: Materials dealing chiefly with exile groups, but to some extent with underground movements in Cuba itself. Diplomatic relations: Castro's diplomatic relations with the world, with em• phasis on relations between the United States and Cuba. International organizations and the Cuban problem: Cuban relations with the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and other interna• tional bodies and assemblies. Economic and social conditions: Agrarian reform, economic conditions in Cuba, commerce, labor, and living conditions. Law and justice: Law, justice, political prisoners, police persecution, and trials of counter-revolutionaries. Religious persecution: Religion and the relationship of the Church to the Cas• tro government. Education: Education in Cuba before and after 1959. Exporting the revolution: Castro's revolutionary influence in Latin America, the United States, and the rest of the world. Fiction and poetry. The works are listed in chronological order by the year of publication, and then alphabetically by the author's surname. The use of the abbreviation "bibliog." in a citation indicates the existence of a short bibliography or biblio• graphical footnotes. A general index of authors and editors is given at the end of the volume. x PREFACE In the search for the material included in this reference work, I have util• ized available national bibliographies from Latin American countries, e.g., Bibliografía Brasileira, Bibliografía Uruguaya, Anuario Bibliográfico Costa• rricense, and others. The Anuario Bibliográfico Cubano published by Dr. Fer• mín Peraza Sarausa, the exiled former Director of the Municipal Library of Havana, has been extremely helpful. Also the Handbook of Latin American Studies, The National Union Catalog of the Library of Congress, the Cumula• tive Boo\ Index, Fichero Bibliográfico Hispanoamericano, Libros en Venta, and many others have been very useful. I wish to acknowledge my most profound gratitude to all who aided and encouraged me in the completion of this task: Mr. Thomas R. Buckman, for• mer Director of the University of Kansas Libraries; Dr. John P. Augelli, Direc• tor of the Center of Latin American Studies at the University of Kansas; Mr. L. E. James Helyar, Assistant Director of the University of Kansas Libraries and editor of this work, without whose wise and skillful counsel I would not have been able to conclude the undertaking. I also wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Charles Lewis Morgan, Jr., and to Miss Rosa Abella of the University of Miami Library at Coral Gables, Florida; to Mr. John Veenstra, Assistant Direc• tor of the Library of the University of Florida at Gainesville; and to the staff of both libraries for the valuable cooperation and assistance which they gave me during my visit to these institutions in the course of my research. My gratitude is also extended to two friends for their assistance in the research and prepara• tion of the manuscript: Dr. Michael J. Brodhead, Assistant Professor of His• tory at the University of Nevada, Reno; and Mr. Kent E. Miller, my colleague at the University of Kansas Libraries. Finally, my thanks to all my colleagues at the University of Kansas who have encouraged me toward the termination of this work. In conclusion I want to say that it is my most profound wish that this bibli• ography should serve as a basis for future studies concerning the events in Cuba during this last decade. Inasmuch as my wife and children have been directly affected by these events, I dedicate this publication to Zorayda, Gilza, and Gil• berto Jr., with all my affection and devotion. Lawrence, February 1968 xi INTRODUCTION For a clear understanding of what is happening in Cuba today, it is necessary to examine the course of events during the last two decades, and for greater clarity to go back to the first days of the Republic (1902) or perhaps even to the period of discovery and colonization. But since my intention is to write only a brief summary of the most important events that have moulded present-day Cuba, I shall begin in 1940, when Colonel Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar was elected President. Four years later, at the completion of Batista's term, Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin became President, defeating the candidate supported by Batista. Dr. Grau was a professor in the School of Medicine at the University of Havana and a long-time leader of the Partido Revolu• cionario Cubano (Auténtico), the majority party in Cuba. The prin• cipal opponent to Batista and his group, Grau took office with strong popular support, and the hope that he would solve the serious social, political and economic problems that faced the country. However, the new government was characterized by corruption, and did nothing to control the so-called "revolutionary" groups that spread terror among the citizenry by settling their ideological differences with bullets in the streets. Nevertheless, under Grau the authorities respected individual human rights, and the abuses of the police and army, those males necesarios of Cuba, were curtailed.