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Studies in Polish Morphology and Syntax

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Studies in Polish Morphology and Syntax Specimina Philologiae Slavicae ∙ Band 99 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Gerd Hentschel Studies in Polish Morphology and Syntax Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der KubonGerd & SagnerHentschel andGmbH Roman. Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM via free access 00050336 SPECIMINA PHILOLOGIAE SLAVICAE Herausgegeben von Olexa Horbatsch, Gerd Freidhof und Peter Kosta Band 99 STUDIES in Polish Morphology and Syntax Edited by Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1993 Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM via free access Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1993. Abt. Fa. Kubon und Sagner, München Druck: DS Druck GmbH, Marburg/Lahn ISBN Ч-Я7 Й90 -5 4 5 -1 . Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM y via free access־ 4־5s* Świętej Pamięci Alkowi Pohlowi (f 26 III 1989 ־ IX 1940 18 *) Wydawcy Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM via free access 00050336 Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM ^ • via free access I ״’LA1 00050336 V Preface This volume presents a sampling of papers devoted to different pheno- mena of Polish (and theoretical) morphology and syntax. The focus of attention of the Authors of the present volume is concentrated mostly on questions of syntactic and morphological analysis of Modern Standard Polish with exception of W. MAŃCZAKłs and (in part) G. H entschel ’s articles, which take the diachronic perspective. Some brief information should be provided about the papers included in the volume as well as about the arrangement of the papers. The first section containing the papers by A. Bogusławski , J. P uzynina , D. W eiss, A. Schenker , В. D unaj , R. Laskow ski , R. Rothstein , and W. M anczak deads with different aspects of inflectional morpho- logy: general problems (the papers by Bogusławski and M ańczak ), verbal inflection (PuzYN1NAłs and Schenker ’s articles) and nominal morphology (the papers by W eiss, D unaj , Laskowski and Roth - stein ). The second section is devoted to syntax and syntactic semantics. G rzegorczykowa discusses temporal and factivity relations within a sentence. The papers by H. W łodarczyk , Z. T opolinska and A. Koronczewski examine some specific syntactic constructions of Pol- ish, while G. Hentschel considers rules and tendencies governing case assignment for predicate NPs. Finally, M. G rochowski analyzes syn- tactic and semantic properties of Polish interjections. The paper by Bogusławski , although based mainly on an analysis of Polish data, presents, in fact, a set of general definitions which provide a theoretical framework for inflection. Bogusławski attempts a logical reconstruction of the basic concepts of traditional inflection, concentrât- ing in this article on defining the crucial notion of inflectional relations among elementary free text units (lexidia). As the result of his ideas, the scope of the phenomena traditionally covered by the label “inflection” (and the border between inflection and word-formation in particular) has to be redefined. The next two papers examine the function of two types of verbal struc- tures in Polish. P uzynina analyses the meaning of the Polish undefined* personal verbal forms ( mowiono, mowi się). Along with the core mean- ing, a wide range of secondary (mostly context dependent) meaning varia- tions of these forms are discussed. These modifications of the core mean- ing depend on a range of different factors such as the semantic properties of the verb, temporal and aspectual characteristics, different types of ad- verbial verb complements co-occurring with the forms in question, their cataphoric or anaphoric position in the text, stylistic factors and emo- Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM via free access 00050336 VI tional coloring. From the syntactic perspective, the above verbal con- structions are discussed in W łodarczyk ’s paper. Schenker discussos the category of reflexivity in Polish postulating an invariant meaning, a common functional denominator of Polish verbal structures with stę, arguing against attempts to split them into several distinct functional classes. He defends the position that reflexivity has to be considered an autonomous grammatical category in this language with the reflexive vs. non-reflexive opposition subordinated to the category of genus verbi. (See too in this connection the above mentioned papers by P uzynina and W łodarczyk , which discuss, among other things, some classes of the syntactic structures with the item się). The following four papers deal with nominal inflection. The paper by W eiss examines the category of gender in Polish as compared with Rus- sian. The Author postulates the semantic category of sex which includes in Polish, besides sexus virìlts and sexus femininus , two more semantic sexes specific to this language, viz. the mixed sex and the category de- noting non-sexual (young) beings. Morphological and syntactic means for expressing the last two categories are discussed. The much simpler Russian system of “sexes” seems to represent a more advanced phase in the development of the Slavic gender system. D unaj ’s article exam- ines the distribution of the nominative plural nominal endings in Stan- dard Polish concentrating in particular on masculine personal (virile) nouns. Several semantic and morphophonemic factors which trigger the nom. plur. ending assignment (viz. the distinction between personal and non-personal nouns, proper and common nouns, expressively coloured and non-expressive nouns, as well as the morphophonemic opposition of hard-stem vs. soft-stem nouns) are discussed. The paper by Laskowski is devoted to the problem of case-system ac- qnioitinn by Polish bilingual rhilHrPn in SwpHen Tt is argupH there that different types of case-assignment deficiencies which are attested in var- ious idiolects within the Polish diaspora are explicable in terms of case hierarchy established by the markedness relations within the case system. The analysis points to the conclusion that, in the process of acquisition of a grammatical category, language-system internal factors take precedence over the universal cognitively motivated language acquisition principles. Rothstein discusses the syntactic ambiguity of the Polish comparative, namely the possibility of subject or object interpretation of the term denoting the compared object. He shows that the distinction between the comparative constructions with od and those with niż is pragmatically motivated. Gerd Hentschel and Roman Laskowski - 9783954795857 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 03:21:32AM via free access 00050336 VII The paper by M ańczak , closing the morphological section of the voi- ume, discusses the phenomenon of irregular phonetic development as a universal characteristic feature of high-frequency words. A wide range of phenomena from different languages are quoted in support of the above claim. G rzegorczykowa ,s paper, opening the syntactic section of the voi- ume, is concerned with the relation between the temporal characteristics and factivity on the semantico-syntactic structure of a sentence. She shows that both grammatical and semantic factors play their role in neu- tralizations of the semantic oppositions based on the above categories. In simple sentences, the impact of the modality on the temporal character- istics of a sentence and its factivity are discussed. In parataxis, semantic constraints may be imposed on the category of tense of complex sentence components. Different types of hypotactic structures impose specific con- straints both on temporality and factivity of subordinated clauses. W łodarczyk considers the semantic classification of the Polish non- nominative sentences. Rejecting the notion of subjectless sentences, she postulates a set of semantically different zero lexemes which take the subject position in the non-nominative sentences (with the [+/- human] feature being the crucial semantic distinction here). A specific case form is postulated, too, for sentences with a quantified NP. T opolinska ’s paper analyzes two specific syntactic structures based on the verb dać / dawać 40 give’ that appear in its secondary function of the head-verb of periphrastic causative constructions. The function of the verb in question is reduced in such constructions either to that of a synsemantic verb or that of a modal verb. The interdependence between the relational con- tent of a verb, the quantity of arguments implied by it, and a tendency for the concrete lexical meaning of the verb in question to be reduced to a grammatical one, are also examined in the paper. The paper by -passive partici ־Koronczewski considers constructions with mieć 4 pie, the meaning of which the Author defines as the perfect possesive mediopassive. Hentschel takes a historical perspective in his article
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