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Društveno-Geografska Preobrazba Zapadnog Dijela Otoka Korčule Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korčula

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Društveno-Geografska Preobrazba Zapadnog Dijela Otoka Korčule Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korčula DRUŠTVENO-GEOGRAFSKA PREOBRAZBA ZAPADNOG DIJELA OTOKA KORČULE SOCIOGEOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE WESTERN PART OF KORČULA ISLAND LENA MIROŠEVIĆ Odjel za geografiju, Sveučilište u Zadru / Department of Geography, University of Zadar UDK 911.3:316.4(497.5)(210.7Korčula) Primljeno / Received: 2008-07-07 Prethodno priopćenje Preliminary communication U radu se uspoređuju demogeografske i gospodarske značajke dvaju naselja zapadnog dijela otoka Korčule. Naselja Vela Luka i Blato međusobno su udaljena svega sedam kilometara, međutim, različit geografski položaj u odnosu na obalu uvjetovao je i razlike u njihovu historijsko-geografskom razvoju. Nastoji se utvrditi aktualno demogeografsko i gospodarsko stanje kao i nastale promjene u krajobrazu uzrokovane procesom litoralizacije. Ključne riječi: deagrarizacija, industrijalizacija, litoralizacija, turizam, krajobraz, Vela Luka, Blato, otok Korčula The paper compares the demogeographic and economic features of the two settlements in the western part of Korčula Island. Although the settlements Vela Luka and Blato are only seven kilometers apart, their dissimilar geographic position has been the reason for the differences in their historical-geographic development. A comparative approach is used to analyze the socio-geographic features of Vela Luka and Blato, with an attempt to determine the actual demogeographic and economic conditions, as well as changes in landscapes caused by the process of litoralization. Key words: deruralization, industrialization, litoralization, tourism, landscape, Vela Luka, Blato, Korčula Island Uvod Introduction Na zapadnom dijelu otoka Korčule nalaze se There are two larger settlements in the western dva veća naselja, Vela Luka, smještena na obali, part of Korčula – the coastal settlement of Vela i Blato, smješteno u unutrašnjosti otoka. Vela Luka, and Blato in the interior of the island. Vela Luka smjestila se u najuvučenijem dijelu obale Luka is situated in the most recessed part the Vela razgranatoga Velolučkog zaljeva, dok je Blato Luka Bay, while Blato is a bit further in the interior, smješteno podalje od obale, uz rub Blatskog polja, on the edge of Blatsko polje, the most important koje je ujedno najznačajnije agrarno područje agricultural area on the island. Different positions, otoka Korčule. Takav geografski položaj kao i as well as different socio-economic changes which socijalno-ekonomske promjene koje su se zbivale have been taking place during the historical- tijekom povijesno-geografskog razvoja uvjetovali geographic development have caused a substantially su različitu poleogenezu tih naselja. U radu se diverse poleogenesis of these settlements. The paper analiziraju demogeografska obilježja Vele Luke analyzes the demogeographic features of Vela Luka i Blata te procesi litoralizacije koji su utjecali na and Blato, as well as the process of litoralization njihov razvoj. Za većinu hrvatskih otoka procesi which has influenced their development. In the litoralizacije na susjednom su kopnu značili context of impact on Croatian islands, the process emigraciju, depopulaciju i starenje stanovništva of mainland litoralization has marked the era of otočnih naselja (Magaš, 1997; Faričić, 2006a emigration, depopulation and aging of population i 2006b). Otok Korčulu obilježava specifičan in the settlements on islands (Magaš, 1997; 155 L. Mirošević Geoadria 13/2 (2008) 155-185 oblik litoralizacije, tj. naselje Vela Luka nastalo Faričić, 2006a; 2006b). The island of Korčula has je zbog premještanja stanovništva naselja Blato gone through a rather specific type of litoralization; prema obalnom prostoru, a razvoj Blata temelji namely, Vela Luka has been settled by population se na agrarnoj valorizaciji, koja traje još od of Blato which migrated towards the coast. It is prapovijesti. Poljoprivreda je u Blatu posebno noticeable that the development of Blato was based intenzivirana tijekom srednjeg vijeka, kada naselje on the agrarian valorization which has lasted since postaje najnapučenije na otoku, a Vela Luka the prehistoric times. The agriculture in Blato was razvija se tek od 19. st., kada je došlo do znatnije especially intensified during the Middle Ages when maritimne orijentacije otočnog stanovništva. Kada it became the most populated settlement on the je smanjeno značenje poljoprivredne proizvodnje, island. On the other hand, the development of Vela th opada i značenje Blata, dok jačanjem procesa Luka did not begin until the 19 century when the litoralizacije raste uloga Vele Luke. population became more involved with the maritime activities. With the decrease of the importance of agriculture, the significance of Blato also declines, while Vela Luka gains more important role with Predmet, cilj i metodologija istraživanja the process of litoralization. U radu je dan pregled naseljenosti otoka Korčule, posebno zapadnog dijela, i to od The object, the aim and the methodology of najstarijih dana do danas. Time se htjelo ukazati research na raznoliko vrjednovanje geografskog prostora otoka Korčule kroz prošlost. Značajka otoka The paper gives an overview of the population Korčule je bipolarizacija naselja. Na istočnom of Korčula Island with the special reference to its kraju otoka ističe se grad Korčula, a na zapadnom western part, in history and today for the purposes naselja Blato i Vela Luka. Potrebno je istaknuti da of emphasizing the diverse valorization of the su Vela Luka i Blato dva suvremena naselja koja su island area through history. The polarization of u prošlosti imala različite trendove razvoja. settlements is a distinctive feature on the island Cilj je rada analizom demografskih i of Korčula. The town of Korčula in the east and gospodarskih faktora utvrditi društveno-geografske Blato and Vela Luka in the west part of the island procese tih naselja s naglaskom na razdoblje nakon are the most prominent settlements. It is important 1970-ih godina, odnosno utvrditi kakve je učinke to note that Vela Luka and Blato are two modern litoralizacija imala na suvremenu geografsku settlements which had quite different development preobrazbu Vele Luke i Blata. Isto tako, ovim se trends in the past. radom želi ukazati na aktualne probleme, kao i The aim of the paper is to define the socio- na mogućnosti daljnjega društveno-gospodarskog geographic processes in these settlements with the razvoja Blata i Vele Luke. emphasis on the period after 1970s by using the analysis of demographic and economic factors, as U radu se na temelju terenskog istraživanja i well as to determine the effects of litoralization on obradom dostupnih demografskih i ekonomskih modern geographic transformation of Vela Luka pokazatelja te proučavanjem postojeće literature and Blato. The paper also tends to indicate the issues analizira društveno-geografska problematika and the possibilities of the further socioeconomic zapadnog dijela otoka Korčule. Tijekom analize development of Blato and Vela Luka. The najviše su korišteni podatci Državnog zavoda za socigeographic issues of the western Korčula are statistiku i izvori iz Državnog arhiva u Zadru. analyzed by using the data collected during the field Rezultati se dijelom temelje i na kritičkoj obradi research, as well as by using the relevant literature dosadašnjih istraživanja. U 19. stoljeću najiscrpniji and the accessible demographic and economic prikaz spomeničke baštine zapadnog dijela otoka indicators, especially those from the State Statistical Korčule napisao je Nikola Ostoić. Grga Novak Institute and State Records Office in Zadar. (1954.) zaslužan je za razmatranje cjelokupne The results are partially based upon the arheološke problematike otoka, dok Franko Oreb critical analysis of the previous researches. In (1972.) posvećuje pozornost zapadnom dijelu the 19th century Nikola Ostoić wrote the most tog otoka. Za obradu arheološke građe u svojim comprehensive review of Korčula’s monumental radovima o otoku Korčuli, a posebno o njezinu heritage in the 19th century. Much credit goes to zapadnom dijelu, zaslužan je Dinko Radić (1985; Grga Novak (1954) for the extensive review of the 2005.). Monografske prikaze otoka Korčule napisali archaeological issues on the island, while Franko 156 L. Mirošević Geoadria 13/2 (2008) 155-185 su Marinko Gjivoje (1969.) i Dušan Kalogjera Oreb (1972) has focused on the western part of (1983.). Ante Kalogjera (1971; 1976.) objavio je Korčula. Dinko Radić (1985, 2005) has also najsveobuhvatniji prikaz geografskih i društvenih analyzed the archaeological material regarding the obilježja otoka Korčule. Velik su doprinos njegovi island of Korčula, with a special reference on its radovi u kojima daje prikaz prirodno-geografskih western part. The monographs of Korčula have i demografskih značajki otoka Korčule. Posebno been written by Marinko Gjivoje (1969) and Dušan su značajni radovi o gospodarskom razvoju tog Kalogjera (1983), while Ante Kalogjera (1971, otoka temeljeni na podatcima iz Arhiva mapa za 1976) has published a comprehensive review of Dalmaciju i Istru koji se odnose na izmjere zemljišta geographical and social features of the island. His writings on natural-geographic and demographic iz 1837. i 1896. godine. Ti su radovi o promjenama features of Korčula Island represent a great krajobraza otoka Korčule (1975; 1977.) zasada contribution to the overall knowledge about the jedini pokušaj kompleksne historijsko-geografske island. The most significant among his works are sinteze Korčule. Za proučavanje srednjovjekovne those dealing with the economic development of korčulanske povijesti zaslužan je
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