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Volume I : Document De Synthese UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES ECOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT EQUIPE D’ACCUEIL ZOOLOGIE ET ANTHROPOLOGIE BIOLOGIQUE MEMOIRE D’HABILITATION A DIRIGER DES RECHERCHES CAMELEONS: INDICATEURS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX, OUTILS DE LA CONSERVATION VOLUME I : DOCUMENT DE SYNTHESE Présenté par : Monsieur RABEARIVONY Jeanneney Devant le JURY composé de : Président Madame RAKOTO-RANOROMALALA Danielle Aurore Doll Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Directeur Monsieur RASELIMANANA Achille Philippe Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Rapporteur interne Monsieur ANDRIANARIMISA Aristide Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Rapporteur externe Monsieur RENE DE ROLAND Lily-Arison Professeur Titulaire, Université de Toliara Examinateurs Monsieur RAZAFIMAHEFA Professeur, Université de Mahajanga Monsieur Steven Michael GOODMAN Professeur, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago Soutenu publiquement le 18 Mai 2021 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES ECOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT EQUIPE D’ACCUEIL ZOOLOGIE ET ANTHROPOLOGIE BIOLOGIQUE MEMOIRE D’HABILITATION A DIRIGER DES RECHERCHES CAMELEONS: INDICATEURS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX, OUTILS DE LA CONSERVATION VOLUME I : DOCUMENT DE SYNTHESE Présenté par : Monsieur RABEARIVONY Jeanneney Devant le JURY composé de : Président Madame RAKOTO-RANOROMALALA Danielle Aurore Doll Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Directeur Monsieur RASELIMANANA Achille Philippe Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Rapporteur interne Monsieur ANDRIANARIMISA Aristide Professeur Titulaire, Université d’Antananarivo Rapporteur externe Monsieur RENE DE ROLAND Lily-Arison Professeur Titulaire, Université de Toliara Examinateurs Monsieur RAZAFIMAHEFA Professeur, Université de Mahajanga Monsieur Steven Michael GOODMAN Professeur, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago Soutenu publiquement le 18 Mai 2021 SOMMAIRE Sommaire SOMMAIRE .................................................................................................................................. i Liste des Tableaux ........................................................................................................................ iv Liste des Figures ........................................................................................................................... v Liste des Annexes ........................................................................................................................ vi Liste des abréviations .................................................................................................................. vii Remerciements .............................................................................................................................. x Résumé ....................................................................................................................................... xiii Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... xv INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE ............................................................................................... 1 PARTIE I : ITINERAIRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET PROFESSIONNEL .................................. 3 I. 1. CURSUS UNIVERSITAIRE ............................................................................................................ 3 I. 2. EXPERIENCES DE TRAVAIL ...................................................................................................... 4 I. 2. 1. Champs d’intervention .................................................................................................... 4 I. 2. 2. Manager des zones humides auprès de TPF Madagascar, Années 2001-2004 .......... 5 I. 2. 2. 1. Assistance aux deux Communautés de Base à Tsimembo-Manambolomaty ................. 6 I. 2. 2. 2. Contribution à la publication scientifique ..................................................................... 7 I. 2. 2. 3. Participation à la levée de fonds ................................................................................... 8 I. 2. 3. Coordinateur des zones humides auprès de TPF Madagascar, Année 2004-2007.. .... 9 I. 2. 4. Chef de Projet auprès de WWF, Année 2009-2013 .................................................... 11 I. 2. 5. Responsabilités auprès de l’Université d’Antsiranana .............................................. 15 I. 2. 5. 1. Responsable de la Mention « Sciences de la Nature et l’Environnement », Années 2016-2019 ............................................................................................................................... 15 i I. 2. 5. 2. Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences, Années 2019-Présent ............................................ 16 I. 3. DEVELOPPEMENT PROFESSIONNEL ET ELARGISSEMENT DES CONNAISSANCES .......................................................................................................................... 17 PARTIE II : ACTIVITES DE RECHERCHE ET D’ENCADREMENT ............................ 21 II. 1. RECHERCHE .............................................................................................................................. 21 II. 1. 1. Préambule ..................................................................................................................... 21 II. 1. 2. Analyse comparative de la distribution des caméléons entre l’été et l’hiver .......... 21 II. 1. 3. Statut de conservation des caméléons terrestres ....................................................... 25 II. 1. 4. Influence des habitats riverains sur la distribution des caméléons ......................... 32 II. 1. 5. Etude des habitats préférentiels des caméléons dans une forêt orientale de basse altitude ................................................................................................................................... 38 II. 2. ENCADREMENT ......................................................................................................................... 42 II. 2. 1. Préambule ..................................................................................................................... 42 II. 2. 2. Encadrement des techniciens et de la population locale ........................................... 43 II.2.2.1. Chez « The Peregrine Fund Madagascar », Année 2001-2009 .................................... 43 II.2.2.2. Chez « The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) », Année 2009-2013 ..................................... 53 II. 2. 3. Formation des étudiants .............................................................................................. 55 II. 2. 3. 1. Enseignement en salle ................................................................................................ 55 II. 2. 3. 2. Pratique sur le terrain ................................................................................................ 59 II. 2. 3. 3. Jury à la soutenance de DEA / Master ....................................................................... 61 II. 2. 3. 4. Assistance aux étudiants dans la publication scientifique ......................................... 61 PARTIE III : PROJETS ET PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................... 63 III. 1. ANALYSE DES LACUNES ...................................................................................................... 63 III. 2. BIO-ECOLOGIE DES CAMELEONS SEPTENTRIONAUX ................................................ 63 ii III. 3. SUIVI ECOLOGIQUE ............................................................................................................... 65 III. 4. DEVELOPPEMENT PARTENARIAL ET COLLABORATION .......................................... 66 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 69 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ................................................................................ 71 REFERENCE WEBOGRAPHIQUE ...................................................................................... 80 iii Liste des Tableaux Tableau 1. Synthèse de cursus universitaire ................................................................................ 3 Tableau 2. Echanges dans des pays étrangers ............................................................................ 18 Tableau 3. Echanges tenus à Madagascar .................................................................................. 19 Tableau 4. Variation saisonnière de la distribution des quatre espèces associées dans la zone de 0-25 m de la bordure de rivière ......................................................................................... 35 Tableau 5. Abondance hivernale des caméléons dans la forêt relativement intacte et dans la régénération secondaire .......................................................................................................... 40 Tableau 6. Abondance (nombre d’individus / 100 m) saisonnière des caméléons dans la forêt relativement intacte et dans la régénération secondaire incluses dans les 50 m de cours d'eau ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Tableau 7. Objectifs, règles de gestion et activités connexes .................................................... 45 Tableau 8. Données sur les activités de pêche de FIZAMI et FIFAMA pendant 2002-2007
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