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A Member of the Accademia Dei Pugni Translates Frances Brooke’S Citation: L Diciottesimo Firenze University Press Secolo http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ds Saggi A member of the Accademia dei Pugni translates Frances Brooke’s Citation: L. Guerra (2019) A member of the Accademia dei Pugni translates The History of Lady Julia Mandeville. From Frances Brooke’s. The History of Lady Julia Mandeville. From Giambattista Giambattista Biffi’s manuscripts Biffi’s manuscripts. Diciottesimo Secolo Vol. 4: 57-64. doi: 10.13128/ds-25438 Copyright: © 2019 L. Guerra. This is Lia Guerra an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press Università di Pavia (http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ds) and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Abstract. The present essay intends to address an aspect of Biffi’s anglomania as it which permits unrestricted use, distri- appears from his partial translation from the original English language of the episto- bution, and reproduction in any medi- lary novel The History of Lady Julia Mandeville (1763), found among his manuscript um, provided the original author and papers. The name of Frances Brooke, the author of the novel, is not given with the title source are credited. in the manuscript and was probably totally ignored by Biffi and by the Italian reader- ship at large. The paper explores the reasons that might have led Biffi to start such an Data Availability Statement: All rel- evant data are within the paper and its enterprise, the kind of appeal Brooke’s novel could have to his curiosity, and also why Supporting Information files. he suddenly dropped the experiment and left the translation at a very early stage. Competing Interests: The Author(s) Keywords. Biffi, Great Britain, Translation, Epistolary Novel, Manuscripts. declare(s) no conflict of interest. «Se il mondo letterato è stato francese nel principio di questo secolo, ver- so la metà è diventato affatto inglese» (C. Denina, Lettere Brandeburghesi)1. In 1766 Pietro Verri commissioned Antonio Perego an oil picture meant to celebrate his group of friends of ‘I Pugni’, the Academy he had established in Milan in 1761: the table on the left of this conversation piece known as «L’accademia dei Pugni» has Cesare Beccaria and Alessandro Verri seated and intent on reading and writing respectively. Behind Alessandro, a hand on his shoulder, stands a less well known figure, that of Count Giovan Bat- tista Biffi from Cremona (1736-1807). At the table on the right Luigi Lam- bertenghi and Pietro Verri are playing tric-trac. We have learnt to match this picture with the Lombard enlightenment since Franco Venturi used it for the cover of his Settecento riformatore I of 1969, and more recently we tend to associate it with the periodical «Il Caffè» in the Francioni-Romagnoli sec- 1 C. Denina, Lettere brandeburghesi, a cura di F. Cicoira, Centro Studi Piemontesi, Torino 1989. Letter from Dresda, October 23, 1782, quoted in A. Stauble, Luci e ombre dell’anglofilia nella cultu- ra italiana del tardo Settecento, in G. Bardazzi et A. Grosrichard (éd.), Denouement des lumieres et invention romantique. Actes du Colloque (Genève, 24-25 novembre 2000). Librairie Droz, Genève 2003, pp. 277-298: the quotation is on p. 277. Diciottesimo Secolo Vol. 4 (2019): 57-64 ISSN 2531-4165 (online) | DOI: 10.13128/ds-25438 58 Lia Guerra ond edition of 19982. Gianmarco Gaspari has revealed needs to be done in terms of research6. He certainly had that the pattern of this picture owes much to the illus- connections with people who moved English texts to tration by Hayman and Grignion in the facing title-page and from Britain, among them Giuseppe Baretti until of the First Volume of the seven-volume Tonson and at least 1770, when contacts between the two ceased. Draper edition of the «Spectator»3. That «Il Caffè» was But Biffi was also familiar with well furnished Milanese conceived and developed following the pattern offered private libraries, like Count Karl Firmian’s, even though by English papers like the «Spectator», the «Guardian» more has to be ascertained as to the content of that and the «Idler» is acknowledged in the early pages of the library. The novel could have reached him also thanks Italian periodical and is confirmed by many common to his activity in the Cremonese book market, where he features. What is less well known is that Biffi, the man became censor in 1769, and where his contacts with the portrayed near Cesare Beccaria and Alessandro Verri in man who was to become a very prominent publisher, the picture, was the only one in the group who spoke the Lorenzo Manini, were fairly strong7. English language, who collected and translated English The name of Frances Brooke, the author of the nov- texts for his friends and for his own delight without the el, is not given with the title in the manuscript and was French mediation4, and who therefore was one of their probably totally ignored by the Italian coeval reader- direct links with the English culture. ship8. Frances Brooke, née Moore (1724-1789) was fairly The present essay intends to address another aspect well known in London as a translator from French, as a of Biffi’s anglomania: his partial translation of the anon- poet and as an essayist. Under the pseudonym of Mary ymous epistolary novel The History of Lady Julia Man- Singleton, Spinster, she even edited The Old Maid, a deville (1763), found among his manuscript papers5. periodical that ran for 37 weeks, from 15 November 1755 The novel had been translated into French in 1764 and to 4 July 1756, but she was also a novelist and a play- received a favourable review by Voltaire. It is neither wright, and had become part of a net of London literary clear when Biffi undertook the translation, nor how and people who circulated their manuscripts and discussed when he first came in touch with the text: the itinerar- each other’s work. Samuel Johnson, Samuel Richard- ies of translation are, generally speaking, rather complex son, Hannah More, and Anna Seward were people she for the period, for reasons that this paper will hopefully was in touch with: she had been living in London since contribute to clarifying, even though a great deal still 1748 and Baretti entered Johnson’s group in 1753, intro- duced by Charlotte Lennox who was then learning Ital- ian from him. So the two might have easily met: she in 2 F. Venturi, Settecento riformatore, vol. I. Da Muratori a Beccaria, fact happened to be in London and to try her hand at Einaudi, Torino 1969. G. Francioni, S. Romagnoli (a cura di), «Il Caffè» 1764-1766, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 1998 (prima ed. 1993). the literary world exactly at the time – «a small period 3 G. Gaspari, Il secolo delle cose. Appunti su modelli e generi della divul- of grace» – as Paula Backsheider defines it, for women gazione letteraria nel «Caffè», «Archivio storico lombardo», CXL, 2014, writers, around mid century9. She first signed herself as pp. 95-123, the comment on p. 105. Frances Brooke in 1756 when she married the Reverend 4 I have dealt with Biffi’s role as mediator between the two cultures for the benefit of the Milanese group around the Verris and Beccaria in L. John Brooke and published her first tragedy, Virginia, in Guerra, Giambattista Biffi and His Role in the Dissemination of English a valuable edition that also included Odes, Pastorals and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Lombardy, «Journal for Eighteenth-Cen- Translations. Both her periodical and her novels instead tury Studies», 33, 2010, 2, pp. 245-264. appeared without her name: in 1763 The History of Lady 5 Information on Biffi can be found in F. Venturi, Un amico di Beccaria e di Verri: profilo di Giambattista Biffi, «Giornale storico della letteratura italiana», 134, 1957, pp. 37-76; Id., Il viaggio a Genova di Giambattista Biffi nel 1774, Noviero, Genova 1958; Id., La letteratura italiana, vol. 46/ 6 Stauble, Luci e ombre, cit., has contributed to shedding light on the iii. Illuministi italiani. Riformatori lombardi, piemontesi e toscani, Ric- matter of translating English poetry into Italian but for the novel more ciardi, Milano-Napoli 1958, pp. 386-390; Id., Settecento riformatore, vol. is needed. I, cit., e vol. V/1; L’Italia dei lumi (1764-1790). La rivoluzione di Corsica. 7 The activity of the bookseller Lorenzo Manini started at the beginning Le grandi carestie degli anni sessanta. La Lombardia delle riforme, Tori- of the 1770s, first with two Milanese publishers, later by himself with no, Einaudi 1987; G. Dossena, entry in the Dizionario Biografico degli Biffi’s cooperation, which resulted in the publication of Francesco Alga- Italiani, 10 (1968), pp. 378-380; Id., Per il diario del Biffi, in G.B. Biffi, rotti’s works between 1778 and 1784. Diario (1777-1781), a cura di G. Dossena, Bompiani, Milano 1976; C. 8 A book recently published by Alessandra Mita Ferraro, Il diritto e il Cremonini, Giambattista Biffi, un ‘cosmopolita di provincia’ nella Cre- rovescio. Giambattista Giovio (1748-1814) un europeo di provincia nel mona del Settecento, in G. Rumi, G. Mezzanotte, A. Cova (a cura di), secolo dei Lumi, Il Mulino, Bologna 2018, reveals however that anoth- Cremona e il suo territorio, Cariplo, Milano 1998, pp. 33-45. After the er of Brooke’s novels was translated into Italian but through the French Diario, also Biffi’s travel letters have been edited in G.B. Biffi, Lettere iti- mediation. Biffi and Giovio knew each other and corresponded: still it nerarie 1773, 1774, 1776, 1777, a cura di E. Carriero, Pensa Multimedia, is amazing that they both felt interested enough in epistolary novels to Lecce 2011.
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