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Abstracts of Papers / Résumés Des Communications S – Z

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Abstracts of Papers / Résumés Des Communications S – Z Abstracts of Papers / Résumés des communications S – Z Abstracts are listed in alphabetical order of Les résumés sont classés par ordre presenter. Names, paper titles, and alphabétique selon le nom du conférencier. institutional information have been checked Les noms, titres et institutions de and, where necessary, corrected. The main rattachement ont été vérifiés et, le cas text, however, is in the form in which it was échéant, corrigés. Le corps du texte reste originally submitted to us by the presenter dans la forme soumise par le/la participant.e and has not been corrected or formatted. et n'a pas été corrigé ou formaté. Les Abstracts are provided as a guide to the résumés sont fournis pour donner une content of papers only. The organisers of the indication du contenu. Les organisateurs du congress are not responsible for any errors or Congrès ne sont pas responsables des erreurs omissions, nor for any changes which ou omissions, ni des changements que les presenters make to their papers. présentateurs pourraient avoir opéré. Wout Saelens (University of Antwerp) Enlightened Comfort: The Material Culture of Heating and Lighting in Eighteenth-Century Ghent Panel / Session 454, ‘Enlightenment Spaces’. Friday /Vendredi 14.00 – 15.45. 2.07, Appleton Tower. Chair / Président.e : Elisabeth Fritz (Friedrich Schiller University, Jena) As enlightened inventors like Benjamin Franklin and Count Rumford were thinking about how to improve domestic comfort through more efficient stove and lamp types, the increasing importance of warmth and light in material culture is considered to have been one of the key features of the eighteenth-century ‘invention of comfort’. Daniel Roche (1997) has already described how the struggle against cold and darkness shaped the organisation of the early modern domestic interior. Yet, the material culture of heating and lighting remains largely unexplored, since in the classic historiography on early modern consumption and material culture it has mostly been overshadowed by a luxury world of goods craving for novelty, fashion and pleasure. However, according to John E. Crowley (2001), the consumer revolution in early modern Britain especially concerned a greater sensibility within the material culture of heating and illumination. Physical comfort became an important cultural category in the home, and as such the interest of philosophes in its improvement gained in importance as well. In this paper, I wish to investigate the rise of this ‘enlightened comfort’ through the spread of new fuels, fuel appliances and ways of distributing artificial heating and illumination in eighteenth-century Ghent, a cultural and economic centre on the Continent at the time. By drawing upon the evidence recorded in probate inventories as the main source material, I will collect and analyse the types of energy sources used (firewood, charcoal, peat, coal, vegetable and animal oils), the types of heating and lighting appliances employed (hearths, stoves, braziers, candles, lamps, mirrors, etc.), as well as their relative number, spatial distribution, and relation to other aspects of household life. While most historians have tried to explain changes within the domestic interior through the cultural values that appear in the discourses on comfort in the Age of Enlightenment, probate inventories allow for a better insight into the way these values were (or were not) actually popularised within the material practices of daily life. Mahbouba Sai Tlili (Université de Tunis) La femme orientale face à l’altérité dans l’Essai de Voltaire Panel / Session 304, ‘Lumières, femmes et identités en Orient’. Thursday /Jeudi 10.00 – 11.30. M1, Appleton Tower. Chair / Président.e : Halima Ouanada (Université de Tunis El Manar) 1 Dans l’Essai sur les mœurs et l’esprit des nations, Voltaire s’intéresse au statut de la femme arabe dans l’islam. Il soulève des questions relatives à sa place dans la famille et la société, par rapport au divorce, à la polygamie, etc. Cependant, l’approche historiographique et anthropologique de l’Essai – présenté comme « Histoire universelle », ne trahit pas moins, nous semble-t-il, la démarche polémique du philosophe : en montrant à l’Europe un autre exemple de civilisation, Voltaire pointe du doigt l’intolérance de l’Église chrétienne et l’absolutisme de l’Ancien Régime. L’Essai gagnerait serait ainsi à être interprété comme appel à une réforme chrétienne. Dans cette intervention, nous entendons analyser les prises de positions de Voltaire par rapport à des traits spécifique de la société orientale en démontrant, paradoxalement, leur ancrage dans l’actualité européenne et chrétienne. Sho Saito (University of Tokyo) ‘How to Write Good Dialogues’: Johann Christoph Gottsched as Translator of Fontenelle Panel / Session 364, ‘Enlightenment Style: Strategic Use of Fiction for Persuasion and Entertainment’. Thursday /Jeudi 16.45 – 18.30. G.04, 50 George Square. Chair / Président.e : Masaaki Takeda (University of Tokyo) The dialogue as literary genre flourished in the Age of Enlightenment. This popularity is related to classical examples such as Plato, Cicero and Lucian. In this respect, the use of dialogue form in the eighteenth century can be seen in connection with its tradition reaching back to antiquity. It is not surprising then if theoretical reflections on the genre often took up some of the issues of the “Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes”. In this paper, I will focus on Johann Christoph Gottsched as the translator of Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle and especially on his “Discourse on Dialogues in General”, written as the introduction to his translations (1727/1760). Fontenelle, who himself was a prominent figure in the Querelle, not only resuscitated the Lucianic subgenre of “Dialogues of the Dead”, but also introduced an innovation with his “Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes”, inspiring many scientific dialogues in the eighteenth century. While Gottsched diagnoses his own time, in contrast to the classical period, as rather unfavorable for dialogues as such, he regards the genre as a promising vehicle for popularizing modern scientific knowledge. In answer to the question: “How to write good dialogues”, he develops his project of prescriptive poetics of dialogue, proposing four essential “rules” to follow. I will examine in detail these rules and their supposedly universal validity. Takashi Sakamoto (Rikkyo University) The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter and the Orphic-Pythagorean Panel / Session 355, ‘Asian Identities in the Global Enlightenment 3 (co-chaired with Atsuko Tamada, Chubu University)’. Thursday /Jeudi 16.45 – 18.30. 2.14, Appleton Tower. Chair / Président.e : Shinichi Nagao (Nagoya University) In the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, the oldest Japanese prose narrative dated to 10th Century, a princess Kaguya goes back to the Moon, from where she was sent to the earth for the compensation of her sin on the Moon. Here is observed the typical Folklore- system which can be classified into the Swan maiden together with the older Chinese cosmological folklorish topos of Moon palace. If this topos of Moon palace would have been described in a tale on the side of the western world, it would have required some cosmological background which is commonly held only by the Atomist and the Orphic-Pythagorean. Based on their own cosmology, they imagined a habitable another world also on the surface of the Moon. Why could be present the topos of Moon Palace in the Japanese narrative based deeply on the Folklore which seems to have no coherence to the ionic and atomic view of the world? Or is it possible to find some traces of the Orphic-Pythagorean doctrine in The Tale of the Bamboo Curtter, in which the return to the Moon could be interpreted as the Orphic Metempsycosis into the Moon? Here will be pursued a cosmological paradigm of the Orphic-Pythagorism which can be applied also to the oldest Japanese narration. Simona Sala (Université de Lausanne) The Necessity of Religion for Founding the Republic: Germaine de Staël’s Des circonstances actuelles 2 Panel / Session 243, ‘Quêtes d’identité : pensée, histoire et projections du religieux au tournant des Lumières (1780–1815)’. Wednesday /Mercredi 08.00 – 09.30. 2.07, Appleton Tower. Chair / Président.e : François Rosset (Université de Lausanne) Intégrée à un travail plus vaste qui est en cours sur la religion dans la pensée et l’œuvre de Germaine de Staël, l’étude proposée aborde le cas particulier de “Des circonstances actuelles qui peuvent terminer la révolution et des principes qui doivent fonder la république en France”. Cet ouvrage écrit en 1798 et resté non publié jusqu’en 1906 comporte un chapitre intitulé “Des religions” qui fera l’objet d’un examen détaillé dans le contexte de la réflexion politique menée par G. de Staël, avec Benjamin Constant, sur la question brûlante des principes à respecter pour la nécessaire refondation de la république en France au temps où il s’agit de “terminer la révolution”. Fernão Salles (Federal University of São Carlos) The Decline of Enlightened Nations and Language: Condillac’s Remarks on Poetry Panel / Session 168, ‘Equation and Equivalence’. Tuesday /Mardi 14.30 – 16.00. 2.04, Appleton Tower. Chair / Président.e : David Clemis (Mount Royal University, Calgary) What we intend to do in this paper is to reconstruct the thread connecting Condillac’s observations about poetry to his diagnosis concerning the decline of enlightened nations. Somewhat marginal, at first glance, such observations acquire importance when examined more closely; it is in them that the philosopher introduces the theme of the use of figures of speech, paving the way to show that this use is a possibility inscribed in the very nature of signs. As the philosopher says: “in its origin language is always figurative.” That is, because for Condillac there is no connection of essence between sign and meaning, the act of naming objects will always be, in some sense, a figuration, and names can always be shifted from its original meaning to refer to something that has not yet been designated.
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