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The Radiochemistry of Silver

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The Radiochemistry of Silver National Academy of Sciences . Research Council NUCLEAR SERIES ., ,“ The Rcadiochemistry of Silver ,—.——.—. - COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L.F.CURTIS5,Chairman ROBLEY D.EVANS,ViceChairman NationalBureauofStandards MassaehuaettshwtltuteofTechnology J.A,DeJUREN,Secretary WestinghouseElectricCooperation C.J.BORKOWSfG J.W. IRVfNE,JR. OakRfdgeNationalLaboratory MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology ROBERT G.COCHHAN E.1).KLEMA TexaeAgriculturalandMechanical NorthwesternUniversity College W. WAYNE MEINKE SAMUEL EPSTEfN UniversityofMichigan CeliforntaInstituteofTechnology J.J.NICKSON U.FANO MemorialHoepital,New York NationalBureauofStsndarde ROBERT L.PLATZMAN LaboratairedeChimiePhysique HERBERT GOLDSTEIN NuclearDevelopmentCooperationof D.M. VAN PATTER America BartolResearchFoundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAuL c.AEBEItSOLD CHARLES K.REED AtomicEnergyCommission U.S.AirForce J.HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAME.WRIGHT NationefScienceFoundation OfficeofNavalResearch SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEINKE,CAairm/m EARL HYDE UniversityofMichigan UniversityofCalifornia(Rerkeley) NATHAN BALLOU JULIANNIELSEN NavalRadiologicalDefenseLshoratory HanfordLsberatories GREGORY R.CHOPPIN G.DAVfDO’KELLEY FloridaStateUniversity OakRidgeNationalLaboratory GEORGE A.COWAN ELLISP.STEINBERG km AlamOsScientificLabOrato~ ArgonneNationalLaboratory ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL PETER C.STEVENSON UniversityofWashington UniversityofCalifornia(LivermOre) JEROME HUDIS DUANE N.SUNDERMAN BrookhavenNationalLaboratory BattelleMemorialInstitute CONSULTANTS HERBERT M. CLARK JOHN W. WINCHESTER RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute MaseachusetteInetituteofTechnology The Radiochemistry of Silver D. N. SUNDERMAN AND C. W. TOWNLEY Battelle Me?non”al Institute Cohmbus, Ohio November 1961 OCT311968 ~,1-wum PROPERTY -—.-. Subcommittee on Radiochemidry NationalAcademy of sciences—National Research Couucfl PrintedinU8A. Prtoe$0.76.AvnilnblefromtheOffIceofTe&ulcal Wwlcee,DeprtmentofCommeroe,Wnehiogton26, D.C. FOREWORD The Subcommittee on Radiochemistry Is one of a number of Bubcommlttee B working under the Committee on Nuclear Science wlthln the National Academy of Sciences - National Reeearch council . Its members represent government, Industrial, and university laboratorte6 In the areas of nuclear chemistry and analytical chemistry. The Subcommittee has concerned Itself with those areas of nuclear science which Involve the chemist, such as the collec- tion and d16trlbution of radlochemlcal procedures, the estab- lishment of speclflcatlon~ for radlochemiaally pure reagents, avallablllty of cyclotron the for eervlce irradiations, the place of radlochemlstry In the undergraduate college program, etc. This series of monographs has grown out of the need for up-to-date compilations of radlochemlcal information end pro- cedures. The Subcommittee has endeavored to present a series which will be of maximum use to the working scientist and which contains the latest available information. Each mono- graph colleats In one volume the perttnent hformatlon required for radiochemlcal work with an individual element or a group of closely related elements. An expert In the radiochemlstry of the particular element has written the monograph, following a standard format developed by the Subcommittee. The Atomic Energy Commission has sponsored the printing of the aerlea. The Subcommittee la confident these publications will be useful not only to the radlochetiat but alao to the research worker In other fields such as physics, biochemistry or medlclne who wlahee to uae radloche~cal-t echnlquea to solve-a apeclflc problem. W. Wayne Mehke, ChalrmerI SubcoimmLttee on-Radloche!uiatry iii INTRODUCTION ‘l’Mavolum nldch dealauith the madioohamlatryof silverh one of a eerlesof mnographa on mii ochemlstryof the elernenta.Them 18 Inoludeda reviewof the nuolearani chemicalfbat~s of particularinterest to the radioobemld+, a dlacueaionof problem of dlsaolutionof a sample ami oountingtachniquee,axxlflmally,a collectionof radioohemical ~cedurea far tie alanantaa founiIn the literature. The eerlaaof monograpbawill coverall elenmntsforwhich radioolwxbl procaduraaare pertinent. P1.armincluderevlaionof the mmograph Pricdlccllyaa mw techniquesand procedureswarrant. The readeria, tbarefom, enccamugadto uallto the attentionof tba authora mterial on the nmlioohenriatayof EKLvar revlaedvureionof the mmograph. CONTENTS I. GeneralRevlewBof the Inorganicand AnaQtical ChemlmtIYof Sfiver II. GenermlReviewsof the Radiochercilatryof Silvw 111. Table of IBotopeaof Stiver IV, ReviQJwof thoeeFeaturesof SilverChemlatryof Ghi.efIntereetto 1. W3talliosilver 2. SolutiLeetitaof aflver 3. Insolublesaltaof EIilvefand precipitationand copreclpltitior charaoterietha of silver h. Inorganicmmplexea of silver 5. Organicwmpkues of sflver 6. Extraotim of silverinto organicadvents 7. Ion exchangetshavlorof ❑ilver 8. leotepic exohangeof silver 9. Kb3ctrodepoeitlonof silver v. Diaaolutionof lhtiala GontalmfngSilver VI. RadloaaaayTechniquesfor Silmr Ieotopea UC. Collectionof Detdl.edRadiochemld Proceduresfcm Silver Referemee v The Radiochemistry of Silver D. N. SUNDERMAN AND C. W. TOWNLEY Battelle Memorial It&titute Columbus, Ohw I. GENERALRHV13WBOF THE INORQANICAND ANALYTICALCSEFJSTHIOX SILVER pp. 99-104 ti VolunEII and pp. 49-52and 61L6-649h VoluueII of 9AnalyticalChemist&, F. P. Treaduell,tr. and rev. ~ WIllim T. Han, John Miby and Sons, hC., Neu York, nlmthedition,1937. Chapter18, pp. 818-84Lin ‘IncrganicChendatW, T. %ellerj JohnWiley and Some,Inc., Neu Ycmk, 1952. Pp. 20h-209im ●AppliedInorgauicAnalyeiea,U. ?. Hlllebrand, G. E. Lumdell,H. A. Bright,and J. I. Eloffmn,JOhO Wiley and Some, Inc.,New York, seoomleditim, 1953. Pp. 173-190in ●Prescottand JobneonlsQuali’mtiveChemid Amolyeiam,R. K. McAlpineand B. A. Soule,Van Nostrard, New York, 1933. II. GEIW?ALSEVIW3 OF THE RADICEHEKLSTRYOF SILVER %valuatlon of RadiochendcelSeparationProceduress, Duane N. Sumiemam ad W. W- Winke, AnalyticalChemiatq ~, 1578, November1957. WM Wvelopnent and Evaluationof Radiochemi-1S3Patlon Pi’ocaduraE!fcm Barium,Calcium,Strontium,Silver,and Mu#, Duane N. Sundermam,AEcU-3159,Februaq 19.56. 1 Mthcd Of IMot Ealf Life Reparation $03- 59 Mlr” 0.554 M4V cd~.(P,4) EO 0.764 4#04 27 tin @ * 2.70 0JL8 dau@terOf CdlOh 0.556 &lo5 Iloda?’a E Owl 0.281 0;345 o.4J&3 o.6511 @.06 &n&l H 41.95 O.m (17%) Rhy 4, d, 1.45 ~ ~d,~)[ g -0.36 (-M) 8.3 days m 0.s3 O.6& 0.72 1.0b5 1.131 1.388 1.53 ~107m u Bec n 0.093 0.093 Ikm@Ler of Cdm @7 -- (51.35%) 4?W (n,W @Om 253 dayn ~ -0.086 63 @ (n,& 0.536 [138 ::% IT 0.u6 (5%) O.*5 0.61.9 0.677 0.705 0.7611 0.88L 2 III. TABLE (CONKCNUEO) PrilmqyRadiation Fwhai of Isotope Half Life VP of Deqy anmn We paration ~.937 i:?% B- 2.16 0.66 Daughterof A&om 2.MI &lllm 74 aec IT 0.087 0.087 I@ghter of PdU &l 7.5 daye p- :.;: (Y& o.2h3 (1% Fieeionprcduct, 0.340 (8%1 0:80 ul.% glw:”&m 112 & 3.2 hr d - M (25% 0.61.B Fissionprcduct, :.; [MJ :.g daughterof Rim -*1 (15%\ 2:31 &3m 1.2 ndn g)- <2.0 0J& Raughterof Mu 0.30 0.39 0.% o.~ #.3 5.3 br 0.31 (waek) Flaaionproduct @J.1 5 eec 0s7 Daughterof Pd~ *U4 211dn Flaaionprcduct A+% 20 aec Fieslonprduct @ 21 Udll O.lx week maim prduct 0.227 /1neek #6 2.5 min 0.70 F’ieslonprcduct 0.52 4+7 1.1 Edn F3Eaionproduot For - coqileteinformationcm tieradiationsof the isotopesof ailmr aml for mferencea to the origlrmlUterature, see ‘Talil.eof Iaotopae, D. 6trombger, J. W Hollamier,aui G. T. Seabarg,Reviewsof Wdern Physloe~ lb. 2, M II, April @3. 3 IV. REV~ OF THCSE FIWURES OF SILVllSCHEMISIRYOF CH~ ~T TO RAJIICCHEMISTS 1. I19tallicSllvwr W.var is a white uetal,havinga denai~ of 10.S g/co at 20 G, a mlt~ pointof 960.5C, and a boiling-t of 1~ C. It is a vary mmlleablaend duot~e mtal and is supsriorto all othernmtalsin conductionof bat ad aleotricity. Silmr is a noblanmkaland la e$milyreducedto the IMtallio state. Heat alons la suffkieti to reducasilvercmidc,carbonate,or -- The additionof rmtalaauoh as eino, coppar,or ticm to a eolutioia of silvericmawIIJ reducetb Bilverto tha mtal, aa wiU formicaoidj stannouachlmide, and fbrrouasulfitel. Electrolytloreductionof aflverla easily aocoqliabad,d purificationof t~ metalis commnly broughtatautin thic mumer. Oxidaticmpotential of ailvarare givenbalds =Ag++e- k $98 --0.7995 v ~ + ~H- = A@ + H20 + 2e- - -o.3411v 590 =4.98 v h+ “&e+e- ’298 Ag20+20H-”2 Ago+ H20+2e- - -0.57v ~;9tl Ag4 + S20 =&0++&+2e- - aa. -2.0v 7$98 Ag+2 + ~o _&go* +a+. +e- E“ - Oa. -2.lV :90 2Ag0 ● 20H- = Ag~03 + H@ + 2e- “ -o.711v ’298 The moat stablecnidationetatala AK(I). The Ag(II)etataaxiatsas t& . solid-tie and iluoride,in a mmbar of coqik mmpti, and in aticng axitiing aolutionc?.The 4(111) stateexiatain acarmcomplaxc~, in strongoxidia3ngeolution#, and poeaiblyaa the solidoxi&. 2. SolubleSalta of Silver In aqueouaaolutionatlm ody stablecmidationdate of eilverla tJM +1 atati. The +2 and +3 silvertone ase Euob powerful oxidlal.ng agontathat theyare unatalilein water solutionebaoauaeof tlmirreduction by watar6. The solubleaaltaof ai.lverticludathe nitrate,nitrite, iluoride,ohlorate,pertiorate, bromate,eulfate,pamanga!mte,acatate$ and tartrata. The fluoride10 the only solublediver hallda. 4 3. InaoluMe Salteof Silverand Precipitationaid CoprecipitationCbaracteriatioeof Silver W conditionsfor grambmtric determlmtionsof silverare well definedIn etandamlana&bial wcrke7}5s9. Silver falls into groupI Of the qualitative analysis13chem. Table1 liatathe cacmn insoluble compoundBof silverand the reagenteemplqed to precipitatethem. Severalof these coqmunds have been euqiLcyedin radioohemicalprcoedcrea, the most popckr beiugthe ohlorideand the sulfide. TAELE1. lXSOLUE!LECOMFW’ND9OF
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