The Iberian Lynx Lynx Pardinus Conservation Breeding Program A
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Steps in Becoming Your Own Plant Breeder Mark P
NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Presentations 1988 Steps in becoming your own plant breeder Mark P. Widrlechner United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrpis_conf Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ncrpis_conf/16. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 46 STEPS IN BECOMING YOUR OWN PLANT BREEDER Mark P. Widrlechner USDA·ARS, Nort:h Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 As herb growers and marketers, all ~f us enjoy working with plants and 'their useful products. Many of us are involved wit:h growing herbs from seed or cuttings. There probably aren't quite so many of us who produce our own seed and of those who do produce seed there are even fewer who do so using soma method of controlled pollination. ·To be a plant breeder, first you need to learn how to produce quality seed under controlled pollination conditions for the species you want to improve. -
Endangered Species
Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Endangered species From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents For other uses, see Endangered species (disambiguation). Featured content "Endangered" redirects here. For other uses, see Endangered (disambiguation). Current events An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as likely to become Random article Conservation status extinct . Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Donate to Wikipedia by IUCN Red List category Wikipedia store Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after Critically Endangered (CR). Interaction In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3079 animal and 2655 plant species as endangered (EN) Help worldwide.[1] The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1102 and 1197. About Wikipedia Community portal Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding Recent changes hunting , restricting land development or creating preserves. Population numbers, trends and Contact page species' conservation status can be found in the lists of organisms by population. Tools Extinct Contents [hide] What links here Extinct (EX) (list) 1 Conservation status Related changes Extinct in the Wild (EW) (list) 2 IUCN Red List Upload file [7] Threatened Special pages 2.1 Criteria for 'Endangered (EN)' Critically Endangered (CR) (list) Permanent link 3 Endangered species in the United -
Captive Breeding Genetics and Reintroduction Success
Biological Conservation 142 (2009) 2915–2922 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Captive breeding genetics and reintroduction success Alexandre Robert * UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CRBPO, 55, Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France article info abstract Article history: Since threatened species are generally incapable of surviving in their current, altered natural environ- Received 6 May 2009 ments, many conservation programs require to preserve them through ex situ conservation techniques Received in revised form 8 July 2009 prior to their reintroduction into the wild. Captive breeding provides species with a benign and stable Accepted 23 July 2009 environment but has the side effect to induce significant evolutionary changes in ways that compromise Available online 26 August 2009 fitness in natural environments. I developed a model integrating both demographic and genetic processes to simulate a captive-wild population system. The model was used to examine the effect of the relaxation Keywords: of selection in captivity on the viability of the reintroduced population, in interaction with the reintro- Reintroduction duction method and various species characteristics. Results indicate that the duration of the reintroduc- Selection relaxation Population viability analysis tion project (i.e., time from the foundation of the captive population to the last release event) is the most Mutational meltdown important determinant of reintroduction success. Success is generally maximized for intermediate project duration allowing to release a sufficient number of individuals, while maintaining the number of generations of relaxed selection to an acceptable level. -
How Far Is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County
How Far is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County We’ve all heard the horror stories of purebred dogs and their health problems while mutts seem to live forever. Obviously if you are a purebred breeder, you have an incredible amount of responsibility to uphold the characteristics of a breed. However, if you are a typical commercial cattlemen let’s take a look at how these thoughts can translate to our cattle herds. Why Crossbreed? Crossbred cattle can have some significant advantages over the use of one breed in your cattle. The two main benefits include hybrid vigor as well as combining the best strengths of the various breeds used to form the cross. Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, explains the superiority in performance of the crossbred animal compared to the average of the straightbred parents. Hybrid vigor is most noticeable in low heritable traits, such as growth rate, and reproductive efficiency. The most important advantage for crossbreeding is found in the crossbred cow. Maternal heterosis results in improvements in fertility, calf livability, calf weaning weight and cow longevity. Combining strengths between breeds is also an important reason for crossbreeding. For example, British Breeds (Angus & Hereford) are typically high in marbling potential where Continental breeds (Simmental, Charolais, Gelbveih) have offspring that have desirable levels of marbling and yield grade. Knowing the advantages of the breeds before you breed is important. True crossbreeding is a deliberate decision to produce cattle that have a known genetic makeup to pass genetics from parents to produce a calf with desirable characteristics. -
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada JAY V. GEDIR, TIAN EVEREST, AND AXEL MOEHRENSCHLAGER Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Road NE, Calgary, AB, T2E 7V6, Canada, email [email protected] Abstract: Species reintroductions and translocations are increasingly useful conservation tools for restoring endangered populations around the world. We examine ecological and socio- political variables to assess Canada’s potential for future reintroductions. Biologically ideal species would be prolific, terrestrial, herbivorous, behaviorally simple, charismatic, easily tractable, or large enough to carry transmitters for post-release evaluations, and would have small home range requirements. Sociologically, Canada’s large geographic area, low human density, high urban population, widespread protectionist views towards wildlife, and sound economic status should favor reintroduction success. Canada has implemented legislation to safeguard species at risk and, compared to developing countries, possesses substantial funds to support reintroduction efforts. We support the reintroduction guidelines put forth by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) but realize that several challenges regarding these parameters will unfold in Canada’s future. Pressures from the rates of species loss and climate change may precipitate situations where species would need to be reintroduced into areas outside their historic range, subspecific substitutions would be necessary if taxonomically similar individuals are unavailable, -
PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran ______
CHAPTER 4 _____________________________________________________________________ PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran _____________________________________________________________________ WHAT IS PLANT BREEDING AND WHY DO IT? Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. The new variety will be a new combination of genes which the plant breeder has put together from those available in the gene pool of that species. It may contain only genes already existing in other varieties of the same crop, or it may contain genes from other distant plant relatives, or genes from unrelated organisms inserted by biotechnological means. The breeder will have employed a range of techniques to produce the new variety. The new gene combination will have been chosen after the breeder first created, and then eliminated, thousands of others of poorer performance. This chapter is concerned with describing some of the more important genetic principles that define how plant breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Each variety will be an incremental improvement upon older varieties or may, in rarer circumstances, be a quantum improvement due to some novel gene, the use of some new technique or a response to a new pest or disease. -
The Return of the Iberian Lynx to Portugal: Local Voices Margarida Lopes-Fernandes1,2* , Clara Espírito-Santo3,4 and Amélia Frazão-Moreira2
Lopes-Fernandes et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:3 DOI 10.1186/s13002-017-0200-9 RESEARCH Open Access The return of the Iberian lynx to Portugal: local voices Margarida Lopes-Fernandes1,2* , Clara Espírito-Santo3,4 and Amélia Frazão-Moreira2 Abstract Background: Ethnographic research can help to establish dialog between conservationists and local people in reintroduction areas. Considering that predator reintroductions may cause local resistance, we assessed attitudes of different key actor profiles to the return of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) to Portugal before reintroduction started in 2015. We aimed to characterize a social context from an ethnoecological perspective, including factors such as local knowledge, perceptions, emotions, and opinions. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 131) in three different protected areas and observed practices and public meetings in order to describe reintroduction contestation, emotional involvement with the species, and local perceptions about conservation. Detailed content data analysis was undertaken and an open-ended codification of citations was performed with the support of ATLAS.ti. Besides the qualitative analyses, we further explored statistic associations between knowledge and opinions and compared different geographical areas and hunters with non-hunters among key actors. Results: Local ecological knowledge encompassed the lynx but was not shared by the whole community. Both similarities and differences between local and scientific knowledge about the lynx were found. The discrepancies with scientific findings were not necessarily a predictor of negative attitudes towards reintroduction. Contestation issues around reintroduction differ between geographical areas but did not hinder an emotional attachment to the species and its identification as a territory emblem. -
Threatened Species List Spain
THREATENED SPECIES LIST SPAIN Threatened species included in the national inventory of the Ministry of MARM and/or in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that are or may be inhabited in the areas of our Hydro Power Stations. 6 CRITIC ENDANGERED SPECIES (CR) GROUP SPECIE COMMON NAME CATEGORY (MARM) (IUCN) Birds Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture CR EN Botaurus stellaris Great Bittern CR LC Mammals Lynx pardinus Iberian Lynx CR CR Ursus arctos Brown Bear CR (Northern Spain) LC Invertebrates Belgrandiella galaica Gastropoda CR No listed Macromia splendens Splendid Cruiser CR VU 24 ENDANGERED SPECIES (EN) GROUP SPECIE COMMON NAME CATEGORY (MARM) (IUCN) Amphibians Rana dalmatina Agile Frog EN LC Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough EN LC Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli´s Eagle EN LC Alectoris rufa Barbary Partridge EN LC Parus caeruleus Blue Tit EN LC Tyto alba Barn Owl EN LC Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew EN LC Corvus corax Common Raven EN LC Chersophilus duponti Dupont´s Lark EN NT Milvus milvus Red Kite EN NT Aquila adalberti Spanish Imperial Eagle EN VU Cercotrichas galactotes Alzacola EN LC Reptiles Algyroides marchi Spanish Algyroides EN EN Emys orbicularis European Pond Turtle EN NT Mammals Rhinolophus mehelyi Mehely´s Horseshoe Bat EN VU Mustela lutreola European Mink EN EN Myotis capaccinii Long –Fingered bat EN VU Freshwater fish Salaria fluviatilis Freshwater blenny EN LC Chondrostoma turiense Madrija (Endemic) EN EN Cobitis vettonica Colmilleja del Alagón EN EN (Endemic) Invertebrates Gomphus -
Conservation Action Plan for the Iberian Lynx in Portugal
Conservation Action Plan for the Iberian Ly nx in Portugal -propousal- Contents 1.Introduction................................................................................................................... 4 Ministério das Cidades, 1.1Action plan objectives........................................................................................... 4 Ordenamento do Território e 1.2 Support................................................................................................................. 4 Ambiente 1.3 Document updating.............................................................................................. 5 2. Base line status……...................................................................................................... 6 3.Overview on Iberian lynx ecology............................................................................... 7 Instituto da Conservação da 4.Threat factors............................................................................................................... 9 Natureza 5.Past and present situation in distinct nuclei.............................................................. 10 5.1Central western mountains..................................................................................... 10 5.2 Guadiana Valley.................................................................................................... 12 5.3Algarve-Odemira- Sado.......................................................................................... 13 5.4 Global situation of Iberian lynx in Portugal......................................................... -
Conservation Genetics of African Wild Dogs Lycaon Pictus (Temminck, 1820) in South Africa
Conservation genetics of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820) in South Africa By Janet Marguerite Edwards Supervisors : Prof Michael J Somers Prof Paulette Bloomer Ms Harriet T Davies-Mostert Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria December 2009 © University of Pretoria Conservation genetics of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820) in South Africa By Janet Marguerite Edwards Supervisor: Professor Michael J Somers Centre for Wildlife Management University of Pretoria Pretoria Co-supervisors: Professor Paulette Bloomer Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme Department of Genetics University of Pretoria Pretoria Ms HT Davies-Mostert Carnivore Conservation Group Endangered Wildlife Trust Johannesburg Department: Centre for Wildlife Management Intended degree: Magister Scientiae ii Declaration I declare that this dissertation, which I hereby submit for the degree Magister Scientiae at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not been previously submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. Date: ………………………… Signature: ………………………… iii Dissertation summary The African wild dog Lycaon pictus is Africa’s second most endangered carnivore. Only 14 out of 39 countries in Africa still have wild dogs present. This makes the populations of wild dogs in South Africa very valuable with respect to the entire species. Kruger National Park (Kruger) has the only self-sustaining and viable population of wild dogs in South Africa, making Kruger the core area of conservation for South African wild dogs. It is of vital importance to know the numbers of wild dogs present in Kruger. -
Revision of the Felidae Red List of Threatened Species
conservation process wherever outside facilitation is considered Signed by important. • The Co-Chairs of the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group: We thank the Junta de Andalucía for the hospitality in Andújar. Christine Breitenmoser-Würsten and Urs Breitenmoser; and The Andújar seminar took place in a very open-minded and self- critical spirit, demonstrating the eagerness of all participants to • members present of the Core Group: Sarah Christie, Peter co-operate for the sake of the lynx. We hope that this spirit can be Crawshaw, Rodney Jackson, Thomas McCarthy, Laurie put into conservation action, and that Andújar will be remem- Marker, Michael G. Mills, Dale Miquelle, Kristin Nowell, James bered as the turning point in recovering the Iberian lynx from the Sanderson. brink of extinction. Andújar, Spain, 1 November 2002 Revision of the Felidae Red List of Threatened Species by Kristin Nowell, IUCN/SSC Red List Felidae Authority* he original system of evaluating species sta- rangewide quantitative extinction risk analyses (E) have been tus, in use up to 1994, classified species as carried out (Ferreras et al 2001, Rodriguez et al 2002). I wanted to TExtinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Inde- avoid the category Data Deficient, following the new guidelines terminate or Insufficiently Known. These category stating that this category was to be assigned only when data are definitions were largely subjective; for example, the so uncertain that any category of threat is plausible (IUCN 2001: 25). However, for most species quantitative range-wide data is definition of Endangered in 1993 was: “Taxa in dan- lacking for species population size (C) and rate of change (A), the ger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the remaining two criteria. -
The Foundation Stock of a Breeding Program
Breeders’ Briefcase by Amy Anderson & Bonnie Lane co-chairs of WCA Breeders’ Education Committee THE FOUNDATION STOCK OF A BREEDING PROGRAM By Dr. Carmen Battaglia This article first appeared in The Canine Chronicle, August 2009, and is reprinted with permission. Adversity Does Not Build Character, risk, frustration becomes the inevitable. It Reveals It A few examples illustrate this point. Let’s begin with one of the most When it comes to the animals that popular myths found among those make up the foundation stock of a who are the least skilled in selecting breeding program and the plan for foundation stock. It is the notion that a particular individual, the dog world one breeding to a superior animal can is chock full of folklore, rumors and be used to eliminate health problems. general opinion. This mix of ideas Occasionally this seems to work, but confirms there is a general lack of only because most litters do not show agreement about the planning needed health problems by the time they are to find the best dog(s) in order to sold. This is what leads many into eliminate unwanted diseases and believing they are on the right track. correct certain traits of conformation Not seeing their pups after they have (Brackett, 1960). Such an approach been sold misleads many breeders requires planning and the willingness about the health and quality of their to think smarter using new ideas. With litters. Too often breeders rely on new ideas and improved management, buyer feedback as the primary means breeders can make better selections by which they determine if they are and reduce the confusion caused by making progress.