Captive Breeding Genetics and Reintroduction Success
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What Works in Conservation
What Works in Conservation 2017 EDITED BY WILLIAM J. SUTHERLAND, LYNN V. DICKS, NANCY OCKENDON AND REBECCA K. SMITH To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/552 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. What Works in Conservation 2017 Edited by William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon and Rebecca K. Smith http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2017 William J. Sutherland This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Sutherland, W.J., Dicks, L.V., Ockendon, N., and Smith, R.K. What Works in Conservation 2017. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0109 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783743087#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ All links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated. Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783743087#resources and http://www.conservationevidence.com ISSN 2059-4232 (Print) ISSN 2059-4240 (Online) ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-308-7 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-309-4 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-310-0 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-311-7 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-312-4 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0109 Funded by Arcadia, Synchronicity Earth, ESRC, NERC, Natural England and Waitrose Ltd. -
The Iberian Lynx Lynx Pardinus Conservation Breeding Program A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC The Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus Conservation Breeding Program A. VARGAS1, I. SA´ NCHEZ2, F. MARTI´NEZ1, A. RIVAS1, J. A. GODOY3, E. ROLDA´ N4, M. A. SIMO´ N5, R. SERRA6, MaJ. PE´ REZ7, C. ENSEN˜ AT8, M. DELIBES3, M. AYMERICH9, 10 11 A. SLIWA & U. BREITENMOSER 1Centro de Cr´ıa de Lince Ibe´rico El Acebuche, Parque Nacional de Don˜ ana, Huelva, Spain, 2Zoobota´ nico de Jerez, Ca´ diz, Spain, 3Don˜ ana Biological Station, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain, 4National Museum of Natural Science, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, 5Environmental Council, Andalusian Government, Jae´ n, Spain, 6Investigac¸a˜ o Veterina´ ria Independente, Lisbon, Portugal, 7Centro de Cr´ıa en Cautividad de Lince Ibe´rico La Olivilla, Jaen, Spain, 8Parc Zoolo´ gic, Barcelona, Spain, 9Direccio´ n General para la Biodiversidad, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain, 10Cologne Zoo, Cologne 50735, Germany, and 11IUCN Cat Specialist Group, Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] The Iberian Lynx Conservation Breeding Program fol- INTRODUCTION lows a multidisciplinary approach, integrated within the National Strategy for the Conservation of the Iberian lynx, which is carried out in cooperation with national, Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus wild populations regional and international institutions. The main goals of have undergone a constant regression through- the ex situ conservation programme are to: (1) maintain a out the last century. The decline has been genetically and demographically managed captive popu- especially abrupt in the last 20 years, with more lation; (2) create new Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus free- ranging populations through re-introduction. -
Steps in Becoming Your Own Plant Breeder Mark P
NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Presentations 1988 Steps in becoming your own plant breeder Mark P. Widrlechner United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrpis_conf Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ncrpis_conf/16. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 46 STEPS IN BECOMING YOUR OWN PLANT BREEDER Mark P. Widrlechner USDA·ARS, Nort:h Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 As herb growers and marketers, all ~f us enjoy working with plants and 'their useful products. Many of us are involved wit:h growing herbs from seed or cuttings. There probably aren't quite so many of us who produce our own seed and of those who do produce seed there are even fewer who do so using soma method of controlled pollination. ·To be a plant breeder, first you need to learn how to produce quality seed under controlled pollination conditions for the species you want to improve. -
Management and Breeding of Birds of Paradise (Family Paradisaeidae) at the Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation
Management and breeding of Birds of Paradise (family Paradisaeidae) at the Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation. By Richard Switzer Bird Curator, Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation. Presentation for Aviary Congress Singapore, November 2008 Introduction to Birds of Paradise in the Wild Taxonomy The family Paradisaeidae is in the order Passeriformes. In the past decade since the publication of Frith and Beehler (1998), the taxonomy of the family Paradisaeidae has been re-evaluated considerably. Frith and Beehler (1998) listed 42 species in 17 genera. However, the monotypic genus Macgregoria (MacGregor’s Bird of Paradise) has been re-classified in the family Meliphagidae (Honeyeaters). Similarly, 3 species in 2 genera (Cnemophilus and Loboparadisea) – formerly described as the “Wide-gaped Birds of Paradise” – have been re-classified as members of the family Melanocharitidae (Berrypeckers and Longbills) (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). Additionally the two genera of Sicklebills (Epimachus and Drepanornis) are now considered to be combined as the one genus Epimachus. These changes reduce the total number of genera in the family Paradisaeidae to 13. However, despite the elimination of the 4 species mentioned above, 3 species have been newly described – Berlepsch's Parotia (P. berlepschi), Eastern or Helen’s Parotia (P. helenae) and the Eastern or Growling Riflebird (P. intercedens). The Berlepsch’s Parotia was once considered to be a subspecies of the Carola's Parotia. It was previously known only from four female specimens, discovered in 1985. It was rediscovered during a Conservation International expedition in 2005 and was photographed for the first time. The Eastern Parotia, also known as Helena's Parotia, is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Lawes's Parotia, but differs in the male’s frontal crest and the female's dorsal plumage colours. -
THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost. -
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Two Endangered Neotropical Parrots Inform in Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Strategies
diversity Article Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Two Endangered Neotropical Parrots Inform In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Strategies Carlos I. Campos 1 , Melinda A. Martinez 1, Daniel Acosta 1, Jose A. Diaz-Luque 2, Igor Berkunsky 3 , Nadine L. Lamberski 4, Javier Cruz-Nieto 5 , Michael A. Russello 6 and Timothy F. Wright 1,* 1 Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; [email protected] (C.I.C.); [email protected] (M.A.M.); [email protected] (D.A.) 2 Fundación CLB (FPCILB), Estación Argentina, Calle Fermín Rivero 3460, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; [email protected] 3 Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustenable, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil 7000, Argentina; [email protected] 4 San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92027, USA; [email protected] 5 Organización Vida Silvestre A.C. (OVIS), San Pedro Garza Garciá 66260, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A key aspect in the conservation of endangered populations is understanding patterns of Citation: Campos, C.I.; Martinez, genetic variation and structure, which can provide managers with critical information to support M.A.; Acosta, D.; Diaz-Luque, J.A.; evidence-based status assessments and management strategies. This is especially important for Berkunsky, I.; Lamberski, N.L.; species with small wild and larger captive populations, as found in many endangered parrots. We Cruz-Nieto, J.; Russello, M.A.; Wright, used genotypic data to assess genetic variation and structure in wild and captive populations of T.F. -
Sustainability of Threatened Species Displayed in Public Aquaria, with a Case Study of Australian 1 Sharks and Rays 2 3 Kathryn
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-017-9501-2 1 PREPRINT 1 Sustainability of threatened species displayed in public aquaria, with a case study of Australian 2 sharks and rays 3 4 Kathryn A. Buckley • David A. Crook • Richard D. Pillans • Liam Smith • Peter M. Kyne 5 6 7 K.A. Buckley • D.A. Crook • P.M. Kyne 8 Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, 9 Australia 10 R.D. Pillans 11 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia 12 L. Smith 13 BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Building 74, Monash University, 14 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia 15 Corresponding author: K.A. Buckley, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin 16 University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia; Telephone: +61 4 2917 4554; Fax: +61 8 8946 7720; e-mail: 17 [email protected] 18 https://www.nespmarine.edu.au/document/sustainability-threatened-species-displayed-public-aquaria-case-study-australian-sharks-and https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-017-9501-2 2 PREPRINT 19 Abstract Zoos and public aquaria exhibit numerous threatened species globally, and in the modern context of 20 these institutions as conservation hubs, it is crucial that displays are ecologically sustainable. Elasmobranchs 21 (sharks and rays) are of particular conservation concern and a higher proportion of threatened species are 22 exhibited than any other assessed vertebrate group. Many of these lack sustainable captive populations, so 23 comprehensive assessments of sustainability may be needed to support the management of future harvests and 24 safeguard wild populations. -
Unit 5 Ex-Situ Conservation
UNIT 2 EX-SITU CONSERVATION Structure 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Advantage of Ex-situ Conservation 5.2 Objectives 5.3 Ex-situ Conservation : Principles & Practices 5.4 Conventional methods of ex-situ conservation 5.4.1 Gene Bank 5.4.2 Community Seed Bank 5.4.3 Seed Bank 5.4.4 Botanical Garden 5.4.5 Field Gene Bank 5.5 Biotechnological methods of ex-situ conservation 5.4.1 In-vitro Conservation 5.4.2 In-vitro storage of germplasm and cryopreservation 5.4.3 Other method 5.4.4 Germplasm facilities in India 5.6 General Account of Important Institutions 5.4.1 BSI 5.4.2 NBPGR 5.4.3 IARI 5.4.4 SCIR 5.4.5 DBT 5.7 Let us sum up 5.8 Check your progress & the key 5.9 Assignments/ Activities 5.10 References/ Further Reading 44 5.0 INTRODUCTION For much of the time man lived in a hunter-gather society and thus depended entirely on biodiversity for sustenance. But, with the increased dependence on agriculture and industrialisation, the emphasis on biodiversity has decreased. Indeed, the biodiversity, in wild and domesticated forms, is the sources for most of humanity food, medicine, clothing and housing, much of the cultural diversity and most of the intellectual and spiritual inspiration. It is, without doubt, the very basis of life. Further that, a quarter of the earth‟s total biological diversity amounting to a million species, which might be useful to mankind in one way or other, is in serious risk of extinction over the next 2-3 decades. -
How Far Is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County
How Far is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County We’ve all heard the horror stories of purebred dogs and their health problems while mutts seem to live forever. Obviously if you are a purebred breeder, you have an incredible amount of responsibility to uphold the characteristics of a breed. However, if you are a typical commercial cattlemen let’s take a look at how these thoughts can translate to our cattle herds. Why Crossbreed? Crossbred cattle can have some significant advantages over the use of one breed in your cattle. The two main benefits include hybrid vigor as well as combining the best strengths of the various breeds used to form the cross. Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, explains the superiority in performance of the crossbred animal compared to the average of the straightbred parents. Hybrid vigor is most noticeable in low heritable traits, such as growth rate, and reproductive efficiency. The most important advantage for crossbreeding is found in the crossbred cow. Maternal heterosis results in improvements in fertility, calf livability, calf weaning weight and cow longevity. Combining strengths between breeds is also an important reason for crossbreeding. For example, British Breeds (Angus & Hereford) are typically high in marbling potential where Continental breeds (Simmental, Charolais, Gelbveih) have offspring that have desirable levels of marbling and yield grade. Knowing the advantages of the breeds before you breed is important. True crossbreeding is a deliberate decision to produce cattle that have a known genetic makeup to pass genetics from parents to produce a calf with desirable characteristics. -
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada JAY V. GEDIR, TIAN EVEREST, AND AXEL MOEHRENSCHLAGER Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Road NE, Calgary, AB, T2E 7V6, Canada, email [email protected] Abstract: Species reintroductions and translocations are increasingly useful conservation tools for restoring endangered populations around the world. We examine ecological and socio- political variables to assess Canada’s potential for future reintroductions. Biologically ideal species would be prolific, terrestrial, herbivorous, behaviorally simple, charismatic, easily tractable, or large enough to carry transmitters for post-release evaluations, and would have small home range requirements. Sociologically, Canada’s large geographic area, low human density, high urban population, widespread protectionist views towards wildlife, and sound economic status should favor reintroduction success. Canada has implemented legislation to safeguard species at risk and, compared to developing countries, possesses substantial funds to support reintroduction efforts. We support the reintroduction guidelines put forth by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) but realize that several challenges regarding these parameters will unfold in Canada’s future. Pressures from the rates of species loss and climate change may precipitate situations where species would need to be reintroduced into areas outside their historic range, subspecific substitutions would be necessary if taxonomically similar individuals are unavailable, -
PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran ______
CHAPTER 4 _____________________________________________________________________ PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran _____________________________________________________________________ WHAT IS PLANT BREEDING AND WHY DO IT? Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. The new variety will be a new combination of genes which the plant breeder has put together from those available in the gene pool of that species. It may contain only genes already existing in other varieties of the same crop, or it may contain genes from other distant plant relatives, or genes from unrelated organisms inserted by biotechnological means. The breeder will have employed a range of techniques to produce the new variety. The new gene combination will have been chosen after the breeder first created, and then eliminated, thousands of others of poorer performance. This chapter is concerned with describing some of the more important genetic principles that define how plant breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Each variety will be an incremental improvement upon older varieties or may, in rarer circumstances, be a quantum improvement due to some novel gene, the use of some new technique or a response to a new pest or disease. -
News Release
News Release Contact: Sondra Katzen, Chicago Zoological Society, 708.688.8351, [email protected] John Bradley, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 505.248.6279, [email protected] Regina Mossotti, Endangered Wolf Center, 636.938.5900, [email protected] Tom Cadden, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., 623-236-7392, [email protected] October 24, 2016 Mexican Wolf Recovery Program Finds Evidence of Cross-Fostering Success Phoenix, AZ.— In their native habitat of the southwestern United States, the success of cross- fostered pups among the Mexican wolf population is being documented due to dedicated and collaborative efforts among several agencies and organizations, including the Arizona Game and Fish Department, the Chicago Zoological Society (CZS), the Endangered Wolf Center (EWC), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The organizations are working together to reintroduce the species to its native habitat in the American Southwest and Mexico. In April 2016, five Mexican wolf pups were born at Brookfield Zoo in Illinois. As part of the Mexican Wolf Recovery Program, two of the pups were placed in the den of the Arizona-based Elk Horn Pack of wild wolves with the intention that the pack’s adults would raise the two with its own litter. In this process, known as “cross-fostering,” very young pups are moved from a captive litter to a wild litter of similar age so that the receiving pack raises the pups as their own. The technique, which has proven successful with wolves and other wildlife, shows promise to improve the genetic diversity of the wild wolf population.