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Chicagská Škola – Interdisciplinární Dědictví Moderního Výzkumu Velkoměsta

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Chicagská Škola – Interdisciplinární Dědictví Moderního Výzkumu Velkoměsta Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Katedra teorie kultury (kulturologie) Obecná teorie a dějiny umění a kultury Tobiáš Petruželka Chicagská škola – interdisciplinární dědictví moderního výzkumu velkoměsta Chicago School – The Interdisciplinary Heritage of the Modern Urban Research Disertační práce Vedoucí práce – PhDr. Miloslav Lapka, CSc. 2014 1 „Prohlašuji, že jsem disertační práci napsal samostatně s využitím pouze uvedených a řádně citovaných pramenů a literatury a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu.“ V Helsinkách 25. 3. 2014 Tobiáš Petruželka 2 Poděkování Poděkování patří především vedoucímu práce dr. Miloslavu Lapkovi, který, ač převzal vedení práce teprve před rokem a půl, se rychle seznámil s tématem i materiálem a poskytl autorovi práce potřebnou podporu. Poděkování patří i dr. Jitce Ortové, která se vedení této disertace i doktorského studia s péčí věnovala až do skončení svých akademických aktivit. Díky také všem, kteří text v různých fázích četli a komentovali. Helsinské univerzitní knihovně je třeba vyslovit dík za systematické a odborné akvizice a velkorysé výpůjční lhůty. Abstrak t Cílem disertace je interdisciplinární kontextualizace chicagské sociologické školy, zaměřuje se především na ty její aspekty, jež se týkají sociologických výzkumů města Chicaga v letech 1915–1940. Cílem práce je propojit historický kontext a lokální specifika tehdejších výzkumů s výzkumným programem chicagské školy a jeho naplňováním. Nejprve jsou přiblíženy vybrané výzkumy, které chicagskou školy předcházely, dále jsou představena konceptuální a teoretická východiska jejího výzkumného programu. Nakonec jsou v tématických kapitolách kriticky prozkoumány nejvýznamnější monografie chicagské školy z let 1915–1940. Disertace se zabývá především tématy moderní urbánní kultury, migrace, kriminality a vývojem sociálního výzkumu v městském prostředí. Abstract The aim of this dissertaion is to contextualize historically and spatially the so called Chicago School of sociology. The Focus of the thesis is to present the urban research of the Chicago School in the years between 1915–1940 in an interdisciplinary perspective through the lenses of the historical context intertwined with specifics of the local research, followed by the research program of the Chicago School with its manifold research outcomes and applications. The interdisciplinary approach towards the topic and the contemporary practice 3 of dealing with dated stages of scientific development is discussed in the opening section. The very concept of the scientific school and the current usage of the Chicago heritage is taken under the scrutiny. A block of early modern urban researches preceding the Chicago School is presented in the second part. Then follow conceptual and theoretical fundaments of the program articulated in the canonical texts of the school. The last part is divided into thematic chapters which critically deal with the most outstanding monographs of the Chicago School. The dissertation concentrates primarily on the topics concernig modern urban culture, migration, criminality and development of social research in urban areas. 4 Obsah Poděkování..............................................................................................................3 Abstrakt...................................................................................................................3 Abstract...................................................................................................................3 Obsah.......................................................................................................................5 Seznam tabulek ......................................................................................................6 Seznam vyobrazení..................................................................................................7 Seznam použitých zkratek.......................................................................................8 Část 1. – Uvedení do studia chicagské školy.........................................................10 I. Úvod....................................................................................................................10 I.i Uspořádání pramenů.....................................................................................13 I.i.a Výběrový přehled základních titulů věnovaných CHS............................15 I.i.b Výběrový přehled původních titulů CHS................................................19 Vybrané klíčové osobnosti CHS....................................................................20 ii Chicagská škola a kulturologie........................................................................21 I.iii Chicagská škola a pojem školy.....................................................................28 I.iv Chicagská škola a současný styl akademické produkce...............................38 I.v Chicagská škola a ohlédnutí za českou recepcí.............................................45 I.vi Chicagská škola a diskuse o její současné relevanci.....................................55 Část 2. – historický kontext ..................................................................................67 II. Londýnské zdroje moderního urbánního výzkumu............................................67 II.i Reformně-agitační styl..................................................................................70 II.ii Reportážní a proto-etnografický styl...........................................................79 II.iii Exaktní styl ................................................................................................91 III. Chicagské zdroje chicagské sociologie.............................................................111 III.i Hull-House a transplantace londýnské zkušenosti do Chicaga..................111 III.ii Recepce chicagského průmyslu................................................................133 Část 3. – teoretický kontext.................................................................................147 IV. Programová východiska CHS...........................................................................147 IV.i The City ....................................................................................................147 5 IV.ii Introduction to the Science of Sociology..................................................168 IV.iii Zonální model..........................................................................................182 IV.iv Východiska Wirthova urbanismu.............................................................202 IV.v Folk society................................................................................................215 IV.vi Human ecology .......................................................................................226 Část 4. – výzkumné aplikace................................................................................242 V. Přirozená oblast ...............................................................................................242 V.i The Gold Coast and The Slum.....................................................................250 V.ii The Ghetto................................................................................................267 VI. Úvod do studia chicagských subkultur............................................................277 VI.i Berlínské ohlédnutí....................................................................................277 VI.ii The Hobo..................................................................................................288 VI.iii The Taxi-Dance Hall.................................................................................304 VII. Zkoumání migrace a kulturní změny.............................................................338 VII.i Rasový cyklus............................................................................................341 VII.ii Koncept sociálního odstupu ..................................................................350 VII.iii Chicagské rasové nepokoje ...................................................................360 VII.iv Koncept marginálního člověka...............................................................384 VII.v Marginální dovětek k marginálnímu člověku..........................................409 VIII. Konfrontace sociologie s chicagskou kriminalitou........................................416 VIII.i Landescův výzkum organizovaného zločinu...........................................420 IX. Závěr................................................................................................................438 X. Seznam literatury.............................................................................................440 Seznam tabulek Tab. 1. Přehled základních monografií CHS............................................................20 Tab. 2. Typologie Boothových tříd..........................................................................99 Tab. 3. Proporce Boothových důvodů chudoby...................................................100 Tab. 4. Typologie Boothových tříd podle koncentrace populace.........................100 Tab. 5. Přehled článků o výzkumu centrálních oblastí Chicaga 1910-1915..........125 6 Tab. 6. The City jako oblasti výzkumu a jejich výzkumné aplikace.......................158 Tab. 7. Redfieldova typologie urbánních center...................................................220 Tab. 8. Redfieldova typologie urbánních center...................................................222
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