111 Chapter Four Browsing the Web With

I ' o~ 1 0

OFF PUB. RETAIL J

~~~~ ~~ /~~.i- ~/~~. ~~ • /~'`~ / ~ v ~

1 ~. ~... ~ ~ t` ~, .~►_.r ~ ~~ ~~,~~~~!-. ~j~-/1 '~~, .~►► ~. ~► ~ // ~~~~,_ ~~ ,,~~ ~/ \.~ ~., _, ~,- READY, SST, G0...

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 1 Associate Publisher: Carrie Lavine Acquisitions Manager: Kristine Plachy Developmental Editor: Dan Brodnitz Editor: Lee Ann Pickrell Technical Editor: Sandra Teng Book Design Director: Catalin Dulfu Book Designer: Design Site, Tracy Dean Desktop Publisher: GetSet! PrePress Production Coordinators: Alexa Riggs, Robin Kibby Indexer: Ted Laux Cover Designer: Design Site Cover Photographer: Dennis O'Ciair, photograph furnished by Tony Stone Images

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SYBEX is a registered trademark of SYBEX Inc.

TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.

Netscape Communications, the Netscape Communications logo, Netscape, and Netscape Navigator are trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation.

Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However, SYBEX assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties which would result from such use.

Photographs and illustrations used in this book have been downloaded from publicly accessible file archives and are used in this book for news reportage purposes only to demonstrate the variety of graphics resources available via electronic access. Text and images available over the Internet may be subject to copyright and other rights owned by third parties. Online availability of text and images does not imply that they may be reused without the permission of rights holders, although the Copyright Ad does perrnit certain unauthorized reuse as fair use under 17 U.S. C. Sedion 107.

An earlier version of this book was published under the title A Guided Tour of the Internet© 1995 SYBEX Inc. Copyright© 1996 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher.

Library of Congress Card Number: 96-67838 ISBN: 0-7821-1887-9

Manufactured in the United States of America

1098765

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 2 ts at a Glance

Introduction ...... xvi Chapter 1: Just Enough to Get Started ...... 1 Chapter 2: Sending and Receiving E-Mail ...... 19 Chapter 3: Making the Most of E-Mail ...... 45 Chapter 4: Browsing the Web ...... 60 Chapter 5: Finding Stuff on the Net ...... 97 Chapter 6: Plugging In to Multimedia ...... 120 Chapter 7: Getting on Mailing Lists ...... 139 Chapter 8: Usenet News-Read All about It ...... 151 Chapter 9: Chatting on the IRC ...... 205 Chapter 10: FTP and Telnet-the Transporter Beams ...... 219 Chapter 11: Gopher and Gopherspace ...... 239 Chapter 12: Making a Simple Home Page ...... 261 Appendix A: Getting Connected and Getting Started ...... 275 Appendix 8: Glossary of Internet Terms ...... 287 Index ...... 333

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 3 B Chapter One

terms used in this book.) Notice that I just used the word Net and not Internet. For the most part, the words are synonymous, although some people will use the word Net to refer to just about any aspect of the global inter-networking of computers.

What Is the Internet?

In this chapter, there are no dumb questions. Everybody talks about the Internet these days but most people don't really know what it is. One reason for this is that the Internet looks different depending on how you come across it and what you do with it. Another reason is that everyone talks about it as if it's actually a network, like a local network in someone's office or even a large global network like CompuServe. Fact is, it's something different. A beast unto itself. The Internet is really a way for computers to communicate. As long as a computer or smaller network can "speak" the Internet lingo (or proto cols, to be extra formal about it) to other machines, then it's "on the Internet:' If the Internet were a language, it wouldn't be French or Farsi or Tagalog or even English. It would be Esperanto. Having said that, I might backtrack and allow that there's nothing wrong with think ing of the Internet as if it is a single network unto itself. It certainly behaves like one in a lot of important ways. But this can be misleading. No one "owns" the Internet. No one even really runs it. And no one can turn it off. {-mail and aWhole Lot More The Internet is also a collection of different ways to communicate or store informa tion in a retrievable form. Take e-mail, for example. If you work in an office with a local area network, then chances are you have an e-mail account and can communicate with people in your office by sending them messages. (See Chapters 2 and 3 for an in depth discussion of all the ins and outs of e-mail.) This is not the Internet. Likewise, if you have an account at America Online and you send a message to someone else at

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 4

newbies). newbies).

5 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

Say Say you you

have have

an an

AOL AOL

account account

and and

you you

join join one one

of of

discussion discussion the the

groups groups

This This

can can

be be confusing confusing

to to first-time first-time

Internet Internet

users users

(universally (universally

referred referred

to to as as

the the Net Net at at Home.) Home.)

Internet. Internet.

(I (I

cover cover

online online

services services

later later

in in

this this chapter/ chapter/

in in the the

section section

called called Accessing Accessing

the the

Internet/ Internet/

they they

can can

and and often often

do do

provide provide

access access through through

their their

gateways gateways

to to

the the

office office

network network

I I

described described

and and

the the

big big commercial commercial

online online

services services

are are

not not

themselves themselves

to to

a a

network network

or or

service service

provider provider

thafs thafs

connected connected

to to the the

Internet. Internet.

And And

while while

the the

local local

ing ing

to to each each

other. other.

A A single single

computer computer

can can

also also participate participate

in in

the the

Internet Internet

by by

connecting connecting

But/ But/

from from

your your point point

of of view/ view/

the the

Internet Internet

is is

not not just just a a

collection collection

of of networks networks all all talk

network network to to another. another.

e-mail e-mail from from one one

The The Internet Internet carries carries

FIGURE FIGURE 1.1: 1.1:

(see (see Figure Figure 1.1 1.1 ). ).

CompuServe/ CompuServe/

or or elsewhere/ elsewhere/

then/ then/

again/ again/ you you

are are sending sending

messages messages

over over

the the Internet Internet

Likewise/ Likewise/

if if you you

send send

a a

message message

from from

your your

AOL AOL account account

to to someone someone at at

you/re you/re

sending sending mail mail over over the the Internet. Internet.

Internet/ Internet/

and and

you you send send

e-mail e-mail

to to

someone someone

who who does does

not not

work work

at at your your

office/ office/

then then

AOL/ AOL/

you/re you/re

still still

not not

using using

the the

Internet. Internet.

But/ But/

if if your your

office office

network network has has gateway gateway a a to to the the

Just Just [nough [nough to to Get Get Started Started B Chapter One

(bulletin boards) there. It may not be obvious to you right away whether you're talk ing in an internal venue, one only accessible to AOL members, or in a public Internet newsgroup. One of the benefits of an online service is the seamlessness that makes everything within your grasp appear to be part of the same little program running on your computer.

The Web Is Not the Net, or Is It? Nowadays, most of the hype about the Internet is focused on the World Wide Web. It's existed for under ten years now but it's been the fastest growing and most popu lar part of the Net for many of those years (except, perhaps, for the voluminous flow of e-mail around the globe). But what is the Web (also called WWW or w3) and is it the same thing as the Internet? Well, to answer the second question first: yes and no. Technically, the Web is just part of the Internet-or, more properly, a way of getting around part of the Internet. But it's a big part, because a lot of the Internet that's not strictly speaking part of the Web can still be reached through it. So the Web, on one level, is an interface. A window onto the Net. A way of getting to where you're going. Its appeal derives from three different benefits: 1. It disguises the gobbledygook that passes for Internet addresses and commands. (See A Few Words about Internet Addresses at the end of this chapter.) 2. It wraps up most of the different features of the Internet into a single interface. 3. It allows you to see pictures, and even hear sounds or watch movies (if your computer can hack it), along with your helpings of text.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 6

7 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

probably probably

how how they they will will work work one one day). day).

onto onto

your your

computer computer

screen. screen.

This This is is how how

all all computer computer

functions functions

should should work work

(and (and

computer computer

at at

the the

other other

end, end,

and and

brings brings

the the

picture, picture,

text, text,

program, program,

or or activity activity

you you desire desire

and and

your your

browser browser

program program

talks talks the the

Internet Internet

talk, talk,

negotiates negotiates

the the

transaction transaction

with with

the the

English English

key key words words

highlighted highlighted

in in

some some

way. way.

Simply Simply

select select or or click click

on on

the the key key

words, words,

what what

you you

see see

in in your your Web Web

browser browser

(the (the

program program

you you

use use to to travel travel

the the Web) Web)

is is

plain plain

addresses addresses

you you

use use

to to

navigate navigate

the the Net. Net. Instead Instead

of of these these commands commands

and and

addresses, addresses,

The The

Web Web

uses uses

a a

method method

called called

hypertext hypertext

to to disguise disguise

the the

actual actual

commands commands

and and

quite quite

as as

easy easy as as flipping flipping through through a a magazine. magazine.

them them

onto onto

your your

PC PC

or or

Mac, Mac,

and and

then then

run run

some some

special special

program program

to to look look at at

them. them.

Not Not

pipelines pipelines

that that

constituted constituted

the the

Net. Net. Next Next

you'd you'd

have have to to decode decode

the the files, files,

download download

then then

were were

encoded encoded

as as

plain plain

text text so so

they they could could

be be squeezed squeezed

through through

the the

text-only text-only

you you

could could

download download

enormous enormous

text text

files files that that

had had begun begun

their their

lives lives

as as pictures pictures

and and

plain plain

text, text,

reams reams

and and

reams reams

of of

words. words.

No No

pictures. pictures.

Well, Well, if if you you were were

dying dying for for pictures pictures

newsgroups, newsgroups,

download download

files, files,

and and so so

on. on.

You'd You'd

still still be be looking looking

at at

lots lots

of of screenfuls screenfuls

of of

out out

there, there,

and and

mastered mastered

the the

Unix Unix programs programs

needed needed

to to send send and and

receive receive

mail, mail, read read

lems lems

of of

logging logging

in in

with with a a

communications communications

program program

to to a a Unix Unix computer computer

somewhere somewhere

Imagine Imagine

it's it's

1991 1991 and and

you've you've

gotten gotten yourself yourself

an an

Internet Internet

account, account,

solved solved

the the prob

the the effort effort

required required

to to surmount surmount this this type type of of barrier. barrier.

connected connected

to to

it. it.

If If

you've you've

ever ever

wrestled wrestled

with with

DOS DOS

and and lost, lost, then then

you you can can appreciate appreciate

understanding understanding

the the

Internet's Internet's

system system

for for

numbering numbering

and and naming naming

all all the the

computers computers

ing ing

on on your your

type type

of of

access) access)

used used to to

require require

knowing knowing

weird weird Unix Unix

commands commands

and and

Web, Web,

to to do do

anything anything

beyond beyond

simple simple

e-mail e-mail

(and (and even even

that that could could

be be difficult, difficult,

depend

three three

features features

of of

the the

Web Web have have

spurred spurred

on on

the the

Internet Internet

boom. boom. First First

of of

all, all, before before

the the

It It

helps helps

to to

know know a a

little little

bit bit

about about

the the history history

of of the the Net Net to to understand understand why why these these .. Chapter One

Early, Unix-based Web browsers such as Www (developed at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory where the Web was invented) and Lynx (developed at the University of Kansas) were not especially attractive to look at, but they did offer the "one-step" technique for jumping to a specific location on the Net or downloading a file or piece of software. Figure 1.2 shows Lynx, running on a Unix machine in a termi nal window and connected to a PC by a modem.

5 n t 5 r z o n 5

ENTERZONE EPISODE 5

hyper v:reb text zine media art Ch1cken UJire Mother

INSIDE THIS Al-H.JIVEP.~::.u.:~y EPISODE

Po>~t-l::r . oOOo. R.:~adkill . oOOo. J J•.xa G·::ond.c.J.i~2r . oOOo. nu:.: 1J:ronq .Jolu1. (correction) . oOOo. Coping with !.Jot Being Be.st::. of 't-h•:! H~t. . oOOo. Ent.erzone 's ne~·:r theme so1..md (in . ~~rav a:n.d AIFF formats)

TABLE~ OF CONTENTS

-- press space for next page -- Arrov:r keys: Up an.d Dow.n to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back.

FIGURE 1.2: In Lynx, you can press Tab to get to and highlight a link, and then press Enter to execute the link and follow it to a file or another part of the Internet.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 8

9 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

ago. ago.

These These

days, days, the the

most most popular popular

browser browser

is is Netscape Netscape Navigator Navigator (see (see Figure Figure

1.4). 1.4).

compared compared

to to the the

zoo zoo

of of different different

programs programs

and and

rules rules you you had had to to follow follow just just a a few few

years years

have have

their their

own own

little little idiosyncrasies, idiosyncrasies,

but but

they're they're still still remarkably remarkably uniform uniform and and consistent consistent

on) on)

that that

you you

had had

to to

assemble assemble

and and

set set

up up yourself yourself

"in "in the the old old days:' days:' The The browsers browsers

all all

little little specialty specialty

programs programs (such (such

as as

Gopher Gopher

clients, clients,

newsreaders, newsreaders, FTP FTP programs, programs, and and so so

Furthermore, Furthermore,

the the

various various

Web Web

browsers browsers

can can more more

or or less less substitute substitute for for a a plethora plethora of of

in-line in-line

graphics graphics

(meaning (meaning illustrations illustrations mixed mixed in in with with text). text).

much much

more more

accessible accessible

to to

non-technical non-technical users. users. It It also also pioneered pioneered

the the

use use of of

FIGURE FIGURE

1.3: 1.3:

Mosaic Mosaic

made made

it it possible possible

to to point point

to to a a link link and and click click on on it, it, making making the the Internet Internet

when when

she she

was was

convmced convmced

the the rest rest

of of the the

family family

and and

the the

world world

was was

plotti.t1g plotti.t1g

agait1st agait1st

her. her.

As As the the

by by his his

mother's mother's

bizarre bizarre

and and frightenmg frightenmg

episodes. episodes. ~severe ~severe

paranoid, paranoid,

she she often often tn1sted tn1sted

young young

Allen Allen

A A

shy shy

and and

complicated complicated

child child growir1g growir1g

Pater'lf.t." Pater'lf.t."

up up ill ill

New New Jersey, Jersey, PJlen's PJlen's home home life life was was domit1ated domit1ated

Allen. Allen.

adulthood. adulthood.

Somewhere Somewhere

benNe benNe

en en the the

in in t'No t'No temperament temperament

was was

the the

Gmsberg's Gmsberg's

second second

son, son,

Itwir1 Itwir1

wife, wife,

Naomi, Naomi,

was was

a a

radical radical Conununist Conununist

and and irnpressible irnpressible

nudist nudist

who who ~.ovent ~.ovent

tragically tragically

ir1sar1e ir1sar1e

ir1 ir1

early early

Louis Louis

Ginsberg Ginsberg

was was a a published published

poet, poet, a a

high high

school school

teacher teacher

and and a a moderate moderate J J e'Nish e'Nish Socialist. Socialist. Hts Hts

often often

sung sung during during Ginsberg's Ginsberg's poetry poetry readings.) readings.)

linking linking

to to

the the

recitation recitation

of of Blake Blake

at at the the

end end

of of

this this

page. page.

I I

don don know know

1 1 why. why.

But But

this this

poem poem

is is

(Now (Now

that that

you've you've

entered entered the the

Allen Allen Ginsberg Ginsberg

zone zone

of of influence, influence, I I suggest suggest you you leave leave by by

Place Place of of Birth: Birth: Newark, Newark, New New Jersey Jersey

Born: Born: June June 3, 3, 1926 1926

Applications Applications

and and distributed distributed for for free free (see (see Figure Figure 1.3). 1.3).

type type was was

NCSA NCSA

Mosaic, Mosaic,

which which was was

developed developed at at the the National National Center Center for for Supercomputer Supercomputer

rating rating

text text

formatting formatting

and and

graphics graphics

into into the the

browser browser

screen. screen. The The first first program program

of of this this

point-and-click point-and-click

techniques techniques

available available for for

other other

programs programs on on the the computer computer and and incorpo

could could

run run on on a a desktop desktop

PC PC

or or

Macintosh, Macintosh,

permitting permitting the the user user to to employ employ the the familiar familiar

The The

next next advance advance

on on

the the

Web Web

was was

the the development development of of graphical graphical Web Web browsers browsers that that

Just Just [nough [nough to to Get Get Started- B ChaptH One

LATEST NEvVS: GOLD RELEASED ~

NAVIGATOR GOLD SmPS \Vindows 95 and tiT users can now download the shipping version of Netscape Navigator (3old. Learn how to upgrade if you own Navigator. Once you've do\'\'llloaded it, enter our expanded Gold Rush contest to win cash and prizes and home listed in a ecial contest Yahoo.

FIGURE 1.4: Netscape Navigator is hands-down the most popular World Wide Web browser program. It works very much the way Mosaic does but with a number of additional features and improvements.

The Web has made it possible for browsers to display pictures right there in the midst of text, without you having to know how to decode files. A picture's worth a· thousand watchamacallits, and pictures look better in newspaper articles and on TV than scads of typewritten text. So this ability was the final ingredient that made the Web seem so accessible and interesting to people who'd never in a million years care to learn what a Unix "regular expression" is. So, I haven't really answered the question that heads up this section: Is the Web the Internet? Technically it's not exactly the same thing, but for all intents and pur poses, it is. And Web browsers are the must-have programs that have made the Internet what it is today.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 10

11 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

and and

more more of of it it is is linked linked together. together.

interests interests

you. you.

Not Not

everything everything

on on

the the Internet Internet

is is available available via via the the Web, Web, but but more more

jump jump

from from

one one

link link

to to

the the next, next,

following following

the the

trail trail of of links links in in any any direction direction that that

files files

entirely, entirely,

and and

to to other other

sites sites

on on the the

Internet. Internet.

With With a a Web Web browser, browser, you you can can

Hypertext Hypertext

documents documents

can can contain contain

links links

to to other other

documents, documents, to to other other kinds kinds of of

hypertext hypertext

documents. documents.

(See (See

What What

Is Is Hypertext? Hypertext?

to to learn learn more more about about hypertext.) hypertext.)

Web Web

(or (or sometimes sometimes

WWW, WWW, w3, w3,

or or w3) w3) is is a a huge huge collection collection of of interconnected interconnected

One One

of of

the the

newest newest

media media

available available

over over

the the

Internet Internet is is the the World World Wide Wide Web. Web. The The

Navigator Navigator

Mosaic, Mosaic, NetCruiser, NetCruiser, and and Netscape Netscape

CompuServe, CompuServe,

Lynx, Lynx, MS MS Internet Internet Explorer, Explorer,

• • Browsing Browsing

the the Web Web with with America America Online, Online,

• • Using Using Web Web browsers browsers

browsers browsers

• •

Understanding Understanding

the the different different types types of of Web Web

addresses addresses

• •

Understanding Understanding

(and (and then then forgetting) forgetting) Web Web

• •

Understanding Understanding the the World World Wide Wide Web Web

BROWSING BROWSING TH{ TH{ W{ W{ Chapter Four

What Is Uypertext?

On the Web, hypertext is simply text with links. Links are elements of the hypertext documents that you can select Click on a link and you'll be trans ported to the document it's linked to (or to a different part of the current doc ument). As I mentioned in Chapter 1, if you use Windows, then you've got hypertext right in front of you, in the form of Windows help files. Whenever you select options from the Help menu of a Windows program,you are shown a hypertext help document with definitions and links available at the click of a mouse. In addition to taking you to other documents, links can take you to Gopher servers, FTP sites, Telnet sites, Usenet newsgroups, and other Internet facili ties. Links can also bring to you other programs and connect you to pictures, sounds, movies, and other binary files. Once we start expanding the idea to include other media. besides text, the rubric of hypertext is replaced by the .word hypermedia. But the idea behind it is the same: links. An advantage of hypertext (or hypermedia) is that it allows you to navigate through all kinds of related documents (and other kinds of files), using one simple procedure-selecting a link. A drawback is that, for now, you generally must follow links. that other peo ple have created, so the medium is not yet fully interactive. Of course, you can always make your own Web page-see Chapter 12. Also, there's a lot more text out there than hypertext. A Web browser can lead you to a plain text doc ument as easily as to a hypertext document. You won't be able to jump any where else from a plain text document, so it's a sort of cul-de-sac, but you can always turn around.

The beauty of the Web is that the browser programs with which you "read" the Web are incredibly easy to use. This gives you access to all kinds of data, programs, news, pictures, and so on, without having to master the syntax of difficult protocols and arcane Unix commands. Throughout the rest of this book, there will be references to the Web. It has become such a ubiquitous front end (a way to connect to the Net), that much of your use of the Net will take place through a Web browser.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 12

13 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

able able to to display. display.

go, go,

and and

you you

can can

always always

download download binary binary

files files that that

the the character-based character-based browsers browsers

aren't aren't

you you

to to click click

your your

mouse mouse

to to

select select

links, links, but but

they they

can can

take take you you anywhere anywhere you you

want want to to

the the

original original

browser, browser,

Www Www

They They

won't won't

be be able able

to to

show show you you pictures pictures and and won't won't

allow allow

only only

accounts accounts

require require

that that

you you

run run a a character-based character-based

Unix Unix browser, browser, such such

as as Lynx Lynx or or

the the

dial-up dial-up

connection connection

(and (and

most most people people

opt opt

for for

Netscape Netscape Navigator), Navigator), but but Unix Unix

shell

Direct-access Direct-access

ISPs ISPs

usually usually

enable enable

you you to to

run run

whichever whichever

Web Web browser browser you you

like like

over over

same same with with external external Web Web browsers). browsers).

online online

services, services,

such such

as as

CompuServe CompuServe

and and

Microsoft Microsoft

Network Network enable enable you you

to to do do the the

backing backing

on on the the

Internet Internet

connection connection

provided provided

by by the the

Netcom Netcom software. software. (Similarly, (Similarly,

some some

module, module,

but but

also also it

enables enables

external external Web Web

browsers browsers

to to run run alongside alongside NetCruiser, NetCruiser,

piggy

available available

within within the the

access access program. program.

Netcom's Netcom's

NetCruiser NetCruiser has has a a built-in built-in

Web Web

main main

access access

program program

Others Others

have have

their their

browser browser

built-in, built-in, as as with with any any other other

module module

launching launching

an an external external

browser browser

program program

(usually (usually

some some

variety variety of of Mosaic) Mosaic) alongside alongside

the the

Most Most

online online

services services

are are now now

offering offering

access access

to to the the

World World Wide Wide Web. Web.

Some Some do do it it by by

Different Different Types Types

of of Web Web Browsers Browsers

since since

you'll you'll

be be

following following

links links

that that

have have the the URL URL encoded encoded into into them them

Fortunately, Fortunately,

most most

of of

the the

time, time,

you you

won't won't

have have to to type type in in Web Web addresses addresses

yourself, yourself,

Markup Markup

Language Language

file) file) is is

the the

primary primary

type type of of document document on on the the Web. Web.

which which

often often

ends ends

with with the the

extension extension

t t • • h h m m

l. l. An An HTML HTML file file (which (which means means Hypertext Hypertext

question, question,

separated separated

by by

more more

forward forward

slashes. slashes.

After After

the the path, path, you you might might find find a a file file

name, name,

fairly fairly

rare), rare),

a a

path path

which which

is is a a list list

of of folders folders

or or

directory directory

names names leading leading to to the the

resource resource in in

Addresses Addresses

in in

Chapter Chapter

1. 1. After After

that, that,

you you

might might find find

a a colon colon and and a a

port port number number

(this (this is is

site site

. . sub sub

domain domain

. .

domain, domain,

as as explained explained

in in A A Few Few Words Words about about

Internet Internet

"colon-forward-slash-forward-slash"), "colon-forward-slash-forward-slash"),

and and

then then

an an Internet Internet address address of of the the

form form

followed followed

by by II II : : (the (the oft-heard oft-heard

"colon-slash-slash," "colon-slash-slash,"

or or even even more more cumbersome, cumbersome,

and and

means means

that that

the the

resource resource

in in question question

will will

be be found found

on on a a Web Web server. server. This This

protocol protocol is is

information); information);

most most

of of

the the

time time it it

is is HTTP. HTTP.

HTTP HTTP stands stands for for Hypertext Hypertext Transfer Transfer

Protocol Protocol

Locator.) Locator.)

A A

Web Web

address address

starts starts

with with the the

name name

of of a a protocol protocol

(a (a method method for for connecting connecting

to to

almost almost always always

begins begins

with with

the the

letters letters http: http:

. . (URL (URL stands stands for for Uniform Uniform Resource Resource

seen seen

the the

arcane arcane

way way

they they

describe describe

how how

to to

find find

it, it,

giving giving you you the the address, address, or or URL, URL, which which

If If you've you've

ever ever

noticed noticed

an an advertisement advertisement

that that

says says "check "check

out out our our web web site," site," you've you've

Web Web Addresses Addresses (URLs) (URLs)

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapt~r four

HTTP, HTML, and URLs

Don't get thrown by the alphabet soup of acronyms you're confronted with when you start looking into the Web. URL, as I mentioned before, stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It's a form of address that all Web browsers can understand. URLs always take this form:

protocol://host:.port/dir/filename.

So the URL gopher: I /dixie .. a iss. uiuc. edu: 6969/11/ urban · 1 e g ends tells a browser "use the gopher protocol to connect to the host machine called dixie. a iss. u i uc. edu, connect to port 6 9 6 9 there, look in directory I 11, and get the file called urban. legends:' The protocol generally used to connect to hypertext documents is called HTTP. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol because browsers use.it to transfer you to hypertext documents. If that protocol is called for, the URL will begin with http: (other protocols are ftp:, telnet:, and soon.:.:.,.there'salso a pro tocol called file:, which is equivalent to ftp:). The other confusing acronym you might come across is HTML. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the code used to mark up text docu ments to make them into hypertext documents. Hypertext documents on the Web generally end in the extension .html.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 14

15 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

Read Read

on on

to to

discover discover

how how

to to do do

all all these these things things ...... and and

more. more.

• •

Find Find

out out what's what's new new on on the the Net. Net.

program program

and and

information information

about about the the Web Web itself. itself.

• •

Access Access

Help Help

through through

a a command command

or or

menu menu

to to get get tips tips about about

using using

the the

links links

that that

interest interest

you, you,

rather rather

than than having having

to to

start start at at a a generic generic

home home page. page.

• • Customize Customize

your your

program's program's

home home

page page

so so

that that

you you

always always

start start

at at a a

page page with with

• • View View

the the hidden hidden

URL URL

(Web (Web

address) address)

that that a a given given link link points points

to. to.

• •

Save Save

(download) (download)

or or mail mail

interesting interesting

documents documents and and files. files.

having having

to to retrace retrace

your your steps steps

or or bring bring up up a a

history history of of you've you've where

been. been.

• • Insert Insert

bookmarks bookmarks

that that

enable enable

you you to to jump jump

back back

to to an an interesting interesting

page page

without without

enter enter an an address address directly. directly.

to to

stop stop

it it from from

loading loading

the the

default default

home home

page, page,

you you

press press the the

Stop Stop

button button

and and

• • Go Go

to to

a a

specific specific

Web Web

address address

(URL) (URL)

when when

you you start start your your browser. browser.

Generally, Generally,

then then

jump jump

immediately immediately

back back to to one one of of those those pages. pages.

far far

or or bring bring

up up

a a complete complete

history history

of of

where where you've you've

been been this this

session session

and and

• • Follow Follow

the the

links links

that that

interest interest

you. you.

At At any any

point point

you you

can can retrace retrace

your your

steps steps so so

Now Now

that that

you're you're connected, connected, you you can can

start start

Netscape Netscape

Navigator Navigator

(until (until

or or

unless unless

you you

change change

it it to to start start at at

a a different different

page). page).

Figure Figure

4. 4.

1 1

shows shows

the the

Netscape Netscape

home home

page page that that

comes comes

up up automatically automatically when when you you

the the selected selected Web Web page. page.

message message

to to

automatically automatically

start start

up up

your your

most most recently recently

installed installed

browser browser

and and bring bring up up

e-mail e-mail

programs, programs,

such such

as as

Eudora, Eudora,

now now allow allow

you you

to to

double-click double-click

a a URL URL

in in an an

e-mail e-mail

You You

can can also also

start start

some some

browsers browsers

by by

pointing pointing

them them directly directly

at at

a a Web Web

address. address.

Some Some

default default

home home

page page

for for

your your

browser browser

or or

a a custom custom

home home

page page

that that you you

have have

created. created.

documents documents

on on

the the

Web Web

are are

commonly commonly

referred referred

to to as as

pages.) pages.)

This This will will either either

be be

the the

designate designate

(or (or your your

browser browser

designates) designates)

for for your your

Web-crawling Web-crawling

sessions. sessions.

(Hypertext (Hypertext

Generally, Generally,

when when

you you start start

a a browser, browser,

you you

begin begin at at

a a home home page, page, a a starting starting place place you you

Using Using Web Web Browsers Browsers

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four

LATEST NE,iVS: GOLD RELEASED

NAVIGATOR GOLD SlllPS Windows 95 and NT users can now download the shipping version of Nets cape Navigator Gold. Learn how to upgrade if you own Navigator. Once you've downloaded it, enter our expanded G)ld Rush contest to win cash and prizes

FIGURE 4.1: Unless customized, Netscape Navigator starts you off at the Netscape horne page. Reading aPage in aWeb Browser Web pages can consist of formatted text and headings, illustrations, background art and color effects, and hyperlinks, which can be highlighted text or art. In most graphi cal browsers, links are shown in blue (unless the creator of the page has decided otherwise) and are underlined (unless the creator has decided otherwise and has customized the program). Often a page won't fit on the screen all at once. Graphical browsers use scroll bars, just as other programs do, to enable you to see material that doesn't fit on the screen. If you're hunting for a specific piece of information on a long document page, try searching for key words, usually with a menu command.

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17 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

since since

you you

started started the the program program that that session. session.

only only browser) browser)

of of all all

the the pages pages you've you've been been to to

graphical graphical

browser; browser;

on on a a separate separate page, page, in in a a text

usually usually

bring bring

up up history history a a

list list (on (on a a menu, menu, in in a a

furthest furthest

point point

you you

had had gotten gotten to. to. Also, Also, you you can can

mand, mand,

to to

return return

along along

your your original original path path to to the the

can can

also also

go go forward, forward,

using using the the Forward Forward com

the the previous previous

page. page.

Once Once you've you've gone gone back, back, you you

shortcut shortcut

button, button,

for for

retracing retracing your your steps steps back back to to

All All browsers browsers

have have

a a Back Back

command, command,

often often a a

changes changes

to to a a

little little

hand) hand)

and and

then then

clicking clicking

once once

(get (get out out of of the the habit habit of of double-clicking). double-clicking).

show show

you you

that that

you're you're

over over

an an active active versionsOheck versionsOheck

link-in link-in out out Netscape Netscape supp supp it it

The The

latest latest release release

contains contains

the the

mouse mouse

pointer pointer

over over

the the

link link

(the (the pointer pointer

will will

change change

to to

ANNOUNCING ANNOUNCING

TilE TilE

R:I'LEASE R:I'LEASE OF OF

In In

graphical graphical

browsers, browsers, following following

a a link link

entails entails positioning positioning

~ollowing ~ollowing a a Link Link

8 8 r o o r w w Ill Ill s s i i n n q q h h t t e e e e W W b b Chapter four

Knowing Where to Go It's hard to get oriented in the Web, since there's no real starting point. Your default home page should provide some pretty useful places to start though. I recommend surfing around for a while to see where these points lead.

In most browsers, if you have a specific Web address in mind (say one you saw in an advertisement or one that was e-mailed to you), you can type in a URL directly to visit a Web page without having to follow a trail of links that leads to it Also at any time, you can return to the default home page. Graphical browsers have a Home button, often decorated with an icon representing a house, for this purpose. Making aBookmark As you travel around the Web, you can save interesting destinations by making bookmarks (also called Favorites or Favorite Places in some browsers, and Items on a Hotlist in others). Once you've made a bookmark, you've created your own personal shortcut to a favorite destination. You won't have to find your way back to the page in question next time you want to go there.

Saving or Mailing aDocument If a Web page contains information you want to send to someone or have stored on your own computer, you can either use your browser's mail command to send the document to yourself or to someone else, or you can use the save command (File )i.oo Save As in graphical browsers) to save a copy of the document on your hard disk, much the same way you'd save a file in a word processor.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 18

19 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

let let it it spook spook you!) you!)

FIGURE FIGURE 4.1: 4.1: The The HTML HTML document document that that makes makes the the Netscape Netscape home home page page look look the the way way it it does. does. (Don't (Don't

home home page. page.

Source Source (or (or something something similar). similar). Figure Figure 4.2 4.2 shows shows the the source source underlying underlying the the Netscape Netscape

source source file file underlying underlying a a page. page. In In graphical graphical browsers, browsers, you you do do this this by by selecting selecting View View ~ ~

If If you you want want to to see see how how a a Web Web page page was was constructed, constructed, you you can can generally generally view view the the

someone someone else else how how to to get get the the to page page in in question. question.

into into another another document document for for future future reference reference or or paste paste it it into into an an e-mail e-mail message message to to tell tell

copy copy a a URL URL by by right-clicking right-clicking or or clicking-and-holding clicking-and-holding the the link link to to it. it. You You can can then then paste paste it it

appears appears in in the the status status bar bar at at the the bottom bottom of of the the program. program. Some Some browsers browsers enable enable you you to to

instance, instance, in in most most browsers, browsers, when when you you place place the the pointer pointer over over a a link, link,

the the associated associated link link

If If you you need need to to see see the the U U RL RL associated associated with with a a specific specific link, link, you you can can do do so. so. For For

Peeking Peeking behind behind the the Scenes Scenes

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web llil ( ha pt e r f o u r

(hanging Your Home Page The commands differ from browser to browser, but most Web browsers allow you to change your default home page to a different page (or even to a list of your book marks) so you can start exploring the Web from any vantage point. Generally, the way you change you home page is to go into the Options or Preferences area of your browser and either specify an exact URL or tell the browser to use the current page as the new home page. Why would you change your page? Well, you might find a useful page out there on the Net that connects to most of your favorite sites. Or you might want to make one of the directory or search pages (as dis cussed in Chapter 5) into your new starting page. Web Help and Info There are a number of helpful resources for the Web, both hypertext and plain text documents. Try the WWW FAQ, an excellent document. Its URL is http: I I w ww. bout e 11 . com If a q I. The W3 Consortium is the official source of information about the Web, and you can connect to their home page at http : I I w w w• w3 . or 9 I. (But be forewarned, much of their information is highly technical!) Many individual browsers also offer dedicated help files, accessible through a menu com mand. I'll cover some specific browsers and their help functions at the end of this chapter.

Get Uf's lntern~t Guide as Hypertext on the Web

The Electronic Frontier Foundation has published a hypertext version of its Internet Guide on the World Wide Web. You could hunt around for it by looking in one of the many indexes or other jumping-offpages on th~ Web, but why don't I just tell you the URL? Point your browser. at http : /I w w w• e f f . o r 9 I p a p e r s I e e g t t i I e e 9 t t it o p • h t m 1to go to the main page for the Guide.

Keeping Up with What's New If you want to keep up-to-date on the latest interesting home pages, visit the NCSA What's New Page (the unofficial newspaper of the Web) at http : I I w w w . nsa c .

uiuc-eduiSDGISoftwareiMosaiciDocslwhats-new-html.Mo~Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 20

21 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

see see

the the

underlying underlying HTML source source HTML file file for for a a Web Web page. page.

document document

directly directly

from from

the the AOL AOL

browser. browser.

Also, Also, the the AOL AOL browser browser doesn't doesn't allow allow you you to to

Save Save

a a document document

with with File>-

Save Save

(or (or Save Save

As); As); however, however, there's there's no no way way to to mail mail a a

button, button,

choose choose

an an item item

in in the the window window that that pops pops up, up, and and click click on on Connect. Connect.

page page

to to your your

favorites. favorites.

Click Click

on on

Yes. Yes. To To go go

to to a a favorite favorite place, place, click click on on the the Favorite Favorite Places Places

right right

corner corner

of of

the the

window. window.

AOL AOL

will will

ask ask

you you to to confirm confirm that that you you want want to to add add the the current current

just just

as as you you

do do

with with

any any

other other

AOL AOL

resource. resource.

Simply Simply click click on on the the Heart Heart icon icon in in the the upper

You You

can can save save

interesting interesting

Web Web destinations destinations

by by adding adding them them to to your your Favorite Favorite Places Places list, list,

Click Click

on on

the the Home Home

button button to to return return the the to AOL AOL home home page. page.

to to go go there there directly). directly).

list list

box box

directly directly

below below

the the

buttons buttons

(that's (that's

also also where where you you type type an an address address if if you you want want

and and

Forward Forward

buttons, buttons,

and and

you you

can can

see see a a list list of of sites sites you've you've visited visited in in the the drop-down drop-down

AOL:s AOL:s

browser browser

has has

no no

search search

command command

for for the the contents contents of of a a Web Web page. page. It It has has Back Back

nect nect to to

the the Web Web without without specifying specifying a a particular particular site. site.

Figure Figure

4.3 4.3

shows shows

the the AOL AOL

home home

page page that that comes comes up up automatically automatically when when you you con

Web Web

at at the the

end end of of its its title, title, or or by by going going to to the the keyword keyword Web. Web.

ing ing

World World

Wide Wide

Web, Web,

by by double-clicking double-clicking

on on any any AOL AOL content content that that includes includes the the word word

You You

can can

start start

the the

AOL AOL

browser browser

by by going going to to the the Internet Internet Connection Connection area area and and choos

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web with with AOL AOL

browser browser

on on

your your

hard hard drive. drive.

I'll I'll discuss discuss

a a few few of of the the more more common common browsers browsers now. now.

taste, taste,

need, need, and and

budget. budget.

In In

fact, fact, you you

may may

eventually eventually end end up up with with more more than than one one

The The program program

you you

choose choose

to to

wander wander

around around the the Web Web with with

is is largely largely a a

matter matter of of

Web Web Browser Browser

Surfing Surfing

the the Web Web with with Your Your

Cool Cool

option option as as well), well),

leading leading

to to

some some similar similar

compendium compendium of of the the latest latest interesting interesting sites. sites.

Web Web

browsers browsers

have have

a a What's What's

New New

command command

or or button button (and (and some some also also have have a a What's What's

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web l;ltl ( ha p t e r f o u r

Welcome to A:melica Online's gateway to the World Wide Web! If you've never been here before or need assistance vvith the >Neb, take a look at our hrlJl. area for answers to frequently asked questions. You might also want to visit the Chat About the >Neb chat room in People Connection.

If you're just passing through and would like to find specific resources on the >Neb, visit our Explore area or click the "Search Places" button at the bottom of any page. A text-only~ of our site is

FIGURE 4.3: AOLs browser starts you off at the AOL home page.

To change your home page with AOL's browser, click on the Prefs button. In the dia log box that appears, type a new URL in the box at the bottom and then click on OK (see Figure 4.4).

To get help with AOL's browser, click on the Help button, and to keep up with what's new, visit the Internet Connection every now and then to see which new Net resources have been listed there. Browsing the Web with (ompuServe Mosaic CompuServe offers a licensed version of the original graphical Web browser, Mosaic. You can start it by selecting Services >- CompuServe Mosaic.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 22

23 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

the top top the of of the the window. window.

Navigate:;:;..-

History. History.

To To

go go somewhere somewhere

directly, directly, type type the the URL URL into into the the Web Web Page Page box box at at

Forward Forward

buttons, buttons,

and and

you you

can can

bring bring up up a a list list of of the the sites sites you've you've visited visited by by selecting selecting

the the

toolbar toolbar

lead lead

to to

a a Web Web

page page for for

searching searching the the Internet. Internet. It It has has Backward Backward and and

you're you're

looking looking

for, for,

and and

press press

Enter. Enter. The The

Search Search command command and and its its shortcut shortcut button button on on

In In CompuServe, CompuServe,

you you

can can

search search

a a long long Web Web page, page, select select Edit Edit :;:;..- Find, Find, type type the the text text

you you connect connect

the the to Web Web without without specifying specifying a a particular particular site. site.

Figure Figure

4.5 4.5

shows shows

the the CompuServe CompuServe

home home page page that that comes comes up up automatically automatically when when

FIGURE FIGURE

4.4: 4.4: Changing Changing your your home home page page with with AOL's AOL's browser browser

Xian99's Xian99's Home Home Page: Page:

r r

Use Use a a gray gray background background in in WWW WWW documents documents

P P Show Show destination destination of of hyperlinks hyperlinks

17 17 Show Show current current location location

17 17 Don't Don't show show graphics graphics at at 2400 2400 bps bps

r. r. Uncompressed Uncompressed Graphics Graphics

!:::====:::=::J !:::====:::=::J r. r. Compressed Compressed Graphics Graphics

r------1 r------1

r r No No Graphics Graphics

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four

SERVE woara"iiiD.!leWI!a

Home Page the ltllemet To return to the WinCllv.1 desktop, click on the

in the tool bar above. To explore the web, click on one of the icons above, or enter a URL in the "Web box above.

FIGURE 4.5: CompuServe Mosaic starts you off at the CompuServe home page.

Click on the Home button to return to the CompuServe welcome page. You can save interesting Web destinations by clicking on the Add button. The page you add will instantly become a menu item on the Personal Favorites menu. To go to a Favorite, just select it from that menu. To save a Web document with CompuServe Mosaic, select View»- Load to Disk Mode to place a checkmark next to this command. Then all of the pages you visit will be saved on your hard disk (you'll be prompted to confirm each file name). If you just want to save a single page this way, be sure to uncheck the Load to Disk Mode com mand on the View menu when you're done. Unfortunately, you can't mail a docu ment directly from CompuServe Mosaic.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 24

25 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

(http://www.cc.ukans-edu/about-Lynx/about-Lynx-html). (http://www.cc.ukans-edu/about-Lynx/about-Lynx-html).

the the University University of of Kansas Kansas home home page. page. Figure Figure 4.6 4.6 shows shows the the About About Lynx Lynx page page

you you off off at at Lynx's Lynx's default default home home page, page, for for your your system. system. On On my my system, system, Lynx Lynx starts starts off off at at

lynx lynx You You start start Lynx Lynx by by typing typing at at the the Unix Unix prompt prompt and and pressing pressing Enter. Enter. This This will will start start

coping with with coping a a Unix Unix shell shell account. account.

Chapter Chapter 1 1 0 0 for for more more on on downloading. downloading. See See also also Appendix Appendix A A for for other other strategies strategies for for

http://plaza.interport-net/slipknot/slipknot-html.See http://plaza.interport-net/slipknot/slipknot-html.See

ne-ction, ne-ction, most most notably notably SlipKnot, SlipKnot, from from MicroMind. MicroMind. You You can can download download SlipKnot SlipKnot from from

There There are are some some graphical graphical Web Web browsers browsers that that can can run run over over a a Unix Unix shell shell account account con

ing ing Enter-but Enter-but you're you're better better off off using using Lynx Lynx if if possible. possible.

on on the the bottom bottom line line of of the the screen-you screen-you follow follow links links by by typing typing their their number number and and press

use. use. You You might might also also have have the the Www Www browser browser available, available, which which only only allows allows you you to to type type

the the best best Web Web browser browser you you for is is Lynx. Lynx. Lynx Lynx is is a a full-screen full-screen program program that that is is very very easy easy to to

If If your your connection connection to to the the Internet Internet is is through through

a a character-based character-based

Unix Unix

account, account, then then

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web with with Lynx Lynx

Cool Cool button. button.

what's what's new, new, go go to to the the Internet Internet topic topic (GO (GO INTERNET) INTERNET) and and then then click click on on the the What's What's

To To get get help help with with CompuServe CompuServe Mosaic, Mosaic, select select Help Help >- Help Help Topics. Topics. To To keep keep up up with with

window window before before typing typing in in the the address.) address.)

you you may may have have to to go go to to the the page page and and copy copy its its address address from from the the box box at at the the top top of of the the

the the Home Home Page Page box box and and then then click click on on OK. OK. (As (As you you sometimes sometimes have have to to do do with with AOL, AOL,

Options Options and and click click on on the the Pages Pages tab tab in in the the dialog dialog box box that that appears. appears. Type Type a a new new URL URL in in

If If you you want want to to change change your your home home page page with with CompuServe CompuServe Mosaic, Mosaic, select select View View >

Page Page Source. Source.

In In order order to to view view the the HTML HTML source source of of a a Web Web document, document, select select File File >- Web Web

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four

Command If you don't have Lynx installed on your system, Unix will tell you "lynx: browser. Type not found:' You can still run Lynx by "telnetting" to a public-access in as w w w(no t e 1 net u kana i x • c c • u k an s • e d u and press Enter; log password required). See Chapter 10 for more on Tel net. Lynx by point If you have a specific Web address (URL) in mind, you can also start URL for uri, ing it at that URL. Type lynx uri and press Enter, substituting the actual of course.

ABOUT LYIIX

for users on both UNIX Lynx is a fully featu1:.·ed 111or ld-tuide TJJeb bror}rser systems via and VHS plat. forms r,Jho are connected t.o those or emulators_ That cursor-addl.·essa.ble, character-cell termi:nals so ft1:.rare packages emulating includes VT100 terminals and desktop-based ) . VT100 terminals (e.g_, Kermit, Procollllil, etc.

and many other Ly:nx is used in universities,. libraries,. freenet.s,. the information of the situations 1;.Jhe1:.·e there is a desire t.o bring Wor ld-UJide Neb to as v1ide an audience as possible.

is maintained by The most recent release of Lynx is B&.. '(Jhich for Biological P.esea1·ch. Fot.eos Uacrides at the Worcester F01.m.d.ation of Lynx produced by t.he The most recent., a11d probably final, release at this time to University of Kansas is 2. '* . KTJ has no plans Ne'tv or upgrading users continue development or maintenance of Lynx_ are advised t.o use the 2. 4-FU 1·elease of L:t"TJ.X.

-- press sp.a.ce for next page -- follo'tv a link; Left to go back. Arrow keys: Up and Down to moTJe. P,ight to /=search [deleted =history list H) elp O)ptions P) rint G) o li) ain screen Q)uit

FIGURE 4.6: The About Lynx page at the University of Kansas Web site.

links are Most of a Web page will be regular text and headings. In Lynx, hypertext text, shown in boldface, and the current link is shown in reverse video (white-on-black

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 26

27 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

Delete Delete to to see see your your history history page, page, a a list list of of all all the the links links you've you've followed followed in in this this session, session,

repeatedly, repeatedly, you you can can also also jump jump back back to to any any previous previous point point in in just just two two steps: steps: First First press press

Though Though you you can can always always retrace retrace your your steps steps in in Lynx, Lynx, by by pressing pressing 4 4 (NumLock) (NumLock)

To To

return return to to the the previous previous link link Press Press (or (or 4 4 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad f- with with Numlock Numlock on) on)

to to the the address address it it refers refers to) to)

To To select select the the current current link link (and (and jump jump Press Press Enter Enter (or (or or or 6 6 on on the the numeric numeric -1 -1 keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)

To To repeat repeat a a search search Type Type n n

press press Enter Enter

To To search search for for specific specific text text Types Types or/. or/. Then Then type type the the text text you you want want to to search search for for and and

the the screen screen

if if reverse reverse video video is is left left all all over over

To To fix fix a a messed messed up up screen, screen, say, say, Press Press Ctri+W Ctri+W to to redraw redraw it it

To To move move up up to to the the previous previous link link Press Press l(or l(or 8 8 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)

To To move move down down to to the the next next link link Press Press J, J, Tab+ Tab+ (or (or 2 2 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)

Numlock Numlock on) on)

To To go go back back up up a a page page b b Type Type or- or or PageUp PageUp (or (or 9 9 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with

keypad keypad if if Numlock Numlock is is on) on)

To To see see the the next next screenful screenful of of a a page page Press Press the the spacebar spacebar or or type+ type+ (or (or PageDown PageDown or or 3 3 on on your your numeric numeric

around around a a Web Web page page in in Lynx Lynx are are detailed detailed in in the the table table below. below.

Often Often a a page page won't won't fit fit on on the the screen screen ali ali at at once. once. The The commands commands necessary necessary to to move move

at at a a page. page.

instead instead of of vice vice versa). versa). The The first first link link on on the the page page is is the the current link link current when when you you first first arrive arrive

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web l1ll ( ha p t er f o u r

(try Backspace if Delete doesn't work) and then select the page you want to return to and press Enter. At any point you can type ito go to the Internet Resources Meta-Index, which includes many more starting points for you to try. Figure 4.7 shows the first screen of the Meta-Index page. At any point, you can type g to enter a URL directly. Lynx will prompt you with "URL to open:". Type (or paste in) the URL and press Enter.

INTEP~IET RESOURCES l!ETA-II>IDEX

of This dOC1..UD.ent is intended t.o be a loosely categorized meta-index the various t·esource direct.ories ar.1.d indices a-...railable on the (any Internet. Please send suggestions for new entries on t.his list index or directory of resources) to [email protected]. edu..

tuor ld l!Jide UJeb

* Searchable indices: + MfiM~ a searchable catalog of l~TUJW resources at CUI,. Geneva, S1:.:ritzer land; updated automatically every day from a variety of sources. t tUtaV:J'{IJ - the T;Jo.r: ld Wide r~feb T.\io:t:JXl + Ilet.a-l!1.h~:s.s::,r index at t.he Gloh.:.:Ll. !·Jo~t.r,;ork Acad>:2nr~l * Subject indices: + 1(!1i.ols Int:,0rnet. Cat.alc;q from 0' I~>::ill~:t a:nd A-s.:::ociat:.es,.. a part of the G.Lobc-:tl Net-;:.:;o:rk }h:>r•.~l.'Jat:.. or. + I!.fi)Ji) \h.rt;u.f.tl I,;1J.:.r keys: Up and Dorm to m.ove. Right to follow a link; Left to list H)elp O)ptions P~rint G)o 1-l)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history

FIGURE 4.7: Not sure how to get started? Check out the Meta-Index.

Also at any time, you can return to the default home page by typing m. You can save interesting Web destinations by adding bookmarks to your bookmark page. (Lynx will create one for you if you don't have one.) To add a bookmark link to the current page, type a.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 28

29 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

sumptuous sumptuous

"The "The Internet" Internet" icon. icon.

connection. connection.

On On

the the Windows Windows

95 95

desktop, desktop,

it's it's

represented represented

by by the the

pre also also

stands stands

alone alone

as as

a a

Web Web

browser browser

that that

can can

work work with with

any any

Internet Internet

Explorer Explorer

works works

seamlessly seamlessly

with with

the the

Microsoft Microsoft

Network, Network,

Browsing Browsing but but it it

the the Web Web

with with Microsoft Microsoft

Internet Internet {xplorer {xplorer

Then Then

press press

Enter. Enter.

To To quit quit

without without

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type type

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You You

can can

get get

help help

at at

any any

time time

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Lynx Lynx

by by typing typing

?. ?.

Quit Quit

Lynx Lynx

at at

any any

time time

by by (usually (usually typing typing

q. q. called called

.login, .login, .profile, .profile, or or .cshrc). .cshrc).

WWW_HOME WWW_HOME

uri uri

(using (using

the the

correct correct

URL URL

for for

the the

page page

you you

want) want)

in in

your your

startup startup To To

make make file file

a a different different

document document

your your

default default

home home

page, page,

enter enter

the the

line line

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return return

to to

where where

you you

left left

off off without without

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type type

r. r.

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When When

you you

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type type >. >.

This This saves saves your your

changes. changes.

• • Type Type

p p to to

enter enter or or

change change your your e-mail e-mail address. address.

• • Type Type

b b to to change change

your your bookmark bookmark file. file.

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e e

to to change change

the the

default default

editor editor

for for

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to to

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1. 1.

Type Type

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brings brings

up up the the Options Options

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Follow Follow

these these

steps steps

to to

change change

some some

of of

the the

Lynx Lynx

settings: settings:

to to go go back back

to to the the normal normal view. view.

the the

normal normal

view. view.

To To see see

the the

actual actual

HTML HTML

text text

of of

the the

current current

page, page,

type\. type\.

Type\ Type\

To To again again see see

the the

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associated associated

with with

the the

current current

link, link,

type=. type=.

Type Type

=again =again

to to go go address. address.

back back to to Then Then press press Enter. Enter.

mail mail

address:". address:".

If If

you've you've

told told

Lynx Lynx

your your

address, address,

it it

will will

appear appear

there. there.

If If not, not,

to to type type

Yourself) Yourself)

your your

and and

then then

press press

Enter. Enter.

Lynx Lynx

will will

prompt prompt

you you

with with

"Please "Please

enter enter

a a valid valid easiest easiest

internet internet

way way

to to

store store

a a

copy copy

of of

a a

document); document);

press press

Tab Tab

to to

go go to to

the the

next next

link link

(Mail (Mail

At At

the the some some

File File point point

you you

may may

want want

to to mail mail

the the

document document

to to yourself yourself

(sometimes (sometimes that's that's the the

type type in in

a a different different

name name and and press press Enter. Enter.

Lynx Lynx

will will

prompt prompt

you you

to to

"Please "Please

enter enter

a a

file file

name:" name:"

and and

suggest suggest

one. one.

Press Press

will will Enter Enter bring bring

or or up up

the the

Printing Printing

Options Options

page. page.

Press Press

Enter Enter

to to

save save

the the

document document

to to If If

you you a a

file. file.

want want

to to

save save a a

copy copy

of of

a a

document document

you're you're

reading reading

on on

the the

Web, Web,

type type

p. p. You You

This This

can can

then then

view view

your your

bookmark bookmark

page page

at at any any time time by by typing typing v. v.

r o o r 8 8 s s w w n n i i g g h h e e t t lill lill W W e e b b 1:1:1 ( ha p t er f o u r

and the Macintosh has just been announced A trial version of Internet Explorer for reaches your hands. should be available by the time this book

home page that comes up automatically Figure 4.8 shows the Microsoft Network a particular site. Internet Explorer, by you connect to the Web without specifying when as most your start page, not your home page, the way, calls the page you start on other browsers refer to it. Find, type the text you're looking for, and To search a long Web page, select Edit~ buttons, and you can return to Internet Explorer has Back and Forward press Enter. the pulling down the File menu and selecting any of the recent sites you've visited by Qust above the Exit command). the list just near the bottom of the menu page from to an URL into the Address box (it will change To go somewhere directly, type the Open box when you click in it).

all the the Address box to drop down a list of Click on the button at the right end of addresses you've ever entered. Microsoft Network home page. Click on the Home button to return to the Favorites ~ Add to Favorites. save interesting Web destinations by selecting You can go to a menu item on the Favorites menu. To The page you add will instantly become just select it from that menu. a Favorite, also Explorer, select File ~ Save As. You can To save a Web document with Internet the Web address-by selecting File ~ shortcut to a file-to a tiny file containing save a Internet someone, select File ~ Send Shortcut. Create Shortcut. To mail a shortcut to New Message window with the shortcut Explorer will open a Microsoft Exchange already attached.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 30

31 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

pick pick

of of

the the day day

and and other other useful useful links. links.

what's what's

new, new,

click click

on on

the the

Links Links

button button

on on the the

Microsoft Microsoft

Network Network

start start

page. page.

It It features features

a a

To To

get get

help help

with with

Internet Internet

Explorer, Explorer,

select select

Help Help

Topics. Topics.

To To keep keep

up up

with with 4. 4.

When When

you're you're done, done, click click on on OK. OK.

3. 3.

Click Click on on

the the Use Use Current Current button. button.

the the dialog dialog box box that that appears. appears.

2. 2.

Then Then

select select

View View

Options Options

and and

click click

on on the the

Start Start

and and

Search Search

Pages Pages

tab tab

in in

1. 1.

First First

go go to to

the the

page page you you want want to to use. use.

Changing Changing

your your start start page page is is simple: simple:

To To view view

the the

HTML HTML

source source

of of

a a Web Web

document, document,

select select View>- Source. Source.

FIGURE FIGURE

4.8: 4.8:

Internet Internet

Explorer Explorer

starts starts

you you

off off at at

the the Microsoft Microsoft

Network Network start start page. page.

See See

the the

latest latest

sports sports

scores, scores,

stock stock

prices, prices,

comics, comics, and and

more. more.

Customize Customize This This Page Page

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four

Browsing the Web with Mosaic Mosaic is the original graphical Web browser, and versions of it now exist for just about every graphical user interface. The original version is NCSA Mosaic (NCSA, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, is where Mosaic was first created), but there are other licensed versions out there, including Spyglass Mosaic, AIR Mosaic, and the version CompuServe uses. All versions of Mosaic work more or less the same way.

Figure 4.9 shows the NCSA Mosaic for Microsoft Windows home page that comes up automatically when you connect to the Web without specifying a particular site. To search a long Web page, select Edit~ Find, type the text you're looking for, and press Enter. Mosaic has Back and Forward buttons, and you can return to any of the recent sites you've visited by selecting Navigate~ Session History. This will bring up a small dialog box listing the recent sites. Choose one and click on the Load button. To go somewhere directly, type the URL into the box on the Location bar, and click on the button at the right end of the Address box to drop down a list of all the addresses you've ever typed in. Click on the Home button to return to the Mosaic home page for your version. You can save interesting Web destinations by selecting Navigate ~ Add Current to Hotlist. The page you add will instantly become a menu item on the Hotlists ~ Starting Points menu. That menu includes many useful hotlist items preloaded. To go to a hotlist item, select Hotlists ~Starting Points~ hotlist item. To save a Web document with Mosaic, select File ~ Save As. To mail a Web docu ment to someone, select File ~ Send Email. Mosaic will open a Mail window. To include the text of the document in the message, click on the Include Text button and then click on Yes to "quote" the document using the ">" character or No to insert the text as is. In order to view the HTML source of a Web document, select File ~ Document Source. If you want to change your home page, first go to the page you want to use or copy its URL. Then select Options~ Preferences and click on the Document tab in the dia log box that appears. Either click on the Use Current button in the Home Page area or type (or paste) the address you want. Then click on OK.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 32

33 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

pages pages

at at a a

site, site,

letting letting

you you

browse browse them them

at at

your your

leisure-and leisure-and

in in

a a lot lot less less

time. time.

Now Now

when when

you you

browse browse

a a

Web Web

site, site,

Mosaic Mosaic

can can

pull pull

down down

and and

cache cache

all all

of of

the the

Users Users

familiar familiar

with with

Mosaic Mosaic

will will

be be

delighted delighted

to to learn learn of of its its new new AutoSurf AutoSurf feature. feature.

AutoSurf AutoSurf with with Mosaic Mosaic

New' New'

Page Page

or or any any of of

the the other other preloaded preloaded

starting-points starting-points

links. links.

keep keep

up up

with with

what's what's

new, new,

select select

Hotlists Hotlists

> > Starting Starting

Points Points

);--

NCSA NCSA

Mosaic's Mosaic's

'What's 'What's

To To

get get

help help

with with

Mosaic, Mosaic,

select select

Help Help

);--

Contents Contents

or or Help Help );--

Online Online Resources. Resources. To To

Window, Window,

and and

so so on). on).

This This

is is

the the home home

page page

for for the the

Windows Windows

version. version.

FIGURE FIGURE

4.9: 4.9:

NCSA NCSA

Mosaic Mosaic

has has

a a different different

home home

page page

for for

each each version version (Windows, (Windows, Macintosh, Macintosh, X X

8 8 o o w w r r s s i i n n ~ ~ h h g g t t ~ ~ W W b b •• •• Chapter four

Browsing thP Web with Net(ruiser NetCruiser includes a browser module for the Web (it comes up auto matically when you start NetCruiser unless you say otherwise). To run it, click on the Web icon. This takes you to the Netcom HomePort, a pretty good jumping-off point (see Figure 4.10).

The Web browser module has a Back and Forward button. To see the list of recent sites you've visited, select WWW :;;.. History. Choose a site in the dialog box that appears, and then on click the Jump To button. You can go to a specific page by typ ing its URL in the Address box at the top of the WWW module window. When you click on the arrow on the right end of the Address box, a list drops down, showing you the history list of recent sites you've visited. To search a page, click on the Search button (or select Edit Find). Type the text you're looking for and click on OK. When you want to make a bookmark, click on the Book Mark button (or select WWW? Book Mark). Click on the Add button in the Book Mark dialog box that pops up to add the current page to your bookmark list. Select a bookmark and click on Jump to go directly to that page. Click on Close when you're done in the window. There are two ways to save a document: click on the Save button or select File > Save. However, NetCruiser does not provide a way for you to mail documents to other people. In order to see the underlying HTML source for a Web document, select View> Source File. First select Settings :;;.. WWW Options to change your home page. Make sure the General button appears pushed in. Type or paste the URL you want into the box in the Home Page File area and then click on OK. To get help with NetCruiser, select Help :;;.. Contents.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 34

35 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

• •

Choose Choose

one one

of of the the listed listed What's What's New New pages. pages.

• •

Click Click

on on

the the

What's What's

New New

link link on on the the

Web Web

Directory Directory

Listings Listings page page

that that appears. appears.

• •

Click Click

on on

the the Search Search

Engines Engines

& &

Directory Directory

Listings Listings

link link on on the the

Homeport Homeport

page. page.

Homeport Homeport page. page. You You can can also also

To To

keep keep

up up

with with

Netcom Netcom

news, news,

click click

on on

the the New New

button button at at the the bottom bottom of of the the

FIGURE FIGURE

4.10: 4.10:

Netcom's Netcom's

HomePort HomePort

offers offers

a a variety variety of of destinations destinations on on the the Web. Web.

Mark Mark

Book Book

Browsing Browsing the the Web Web 111 Chapter four

Browsing the Web with Netscape Navigator as just Netscape) is by far the world's Netscape Navigator (commonly referred to it (by connecting to your Internet service most popular Web browser. When you start icon), it connects to the Netscape provider and then double-clicking on the Navigator 4.11 ). home page and starts you off there (see Figure

Where I work/go to school

I work at company/school name.

Hobbies

description I
description
description

FIGURE 12.4: The HTML tags appear surrounded by< and>. The rest is regular text.

Hl through H6 Headings. The number indicates the level of the heading, meaning its importance or priority IMG Image SRC Source UL Unordered list. Unordered means "with bullets," as opposed to ordered, which means "with numerals" OL Ordered list Ll List item A Anchor. Indicates the beginning or end of a link HREF Hypertext reference ADDRESS Address p Paragraph break

Many tags appear in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag that starts with a slash, such as

and

. These particular tags mark the beginning and end,

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 43

44 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

ten ten started started with with it. it.

Figure Figure

12.5 12.5

shows shows

what what

the top top the

of of

my my page page

looks looks like like

after after

Debussy Debussy

Fields Fields

has has got

subsections subsections

with with

a a

Third-Level

Third-Level
Heading Heading

and and go go

from from

there. there.

10. 10.

If If you you

want want

to to

break break

a a

section section

into into

smaller smaller

sections, sections,

start start

the the

first first

level level

of of

List List

section, section,

as as many many times times as as you you like. like.

paste paste

it it in in

again again

just just

below below

where where

it it

is is now now

and and just just

before before

the the

Personal Personal

Hot Hot

9. 9.

If If

you'd you'd

like like

to to have have

other, other,

similar similar

categories, categories,

copy copy

the the

Hobbies Hobbies section section and and

like like it. it.

8. 8.

Add Add

introductory introductory

text text

after after

the the

H2 H2 and and

before before

the the

UL UL

starting starting tag tag if if you you feel feel

do do so). so).

7. 7.

Add Add

more more

items items

to to

the the

list list

if if you you

want want

Gust Gust

start start

a a new new

line line

with with

to to

page, page,

you you can can

change change the the

heading heading

to to anything anything

you you

want. want.

6. 6.

Do Do the the

equivalent equivalent

thing thing

with with the the

Hobbies

tag. tag. This This

is is your your

say say a a thing thing or or two. two.

the the

......

> > and and

tags. tags.

Add Add

more more

text text

as as

well. well.

This This

is is your your

chance chance

to to

5. 5.

Then Then

change change

the the

sentence sentence

however however

you you

want, want,

but but

be be careful careful

not not

to to mangle mangle

overthrow overthrow

the the government, government, or or whatever). whatever).

tags, tags,

with with

the the name name

of of

the the

place place

where where

you you

work work

or or

go go to to school school (or (or

plot plot to to

company/school company/school

name, name, between between

the the

HREF=b/ah, HREF=b/ah,

blah> blah>

and and

4. 4.

In In

the the

sample sample

text text

below below the the

H2 H2

heading, heading, replace replace

the the

text, text,

it it with with the the name name of of an an employer. employer.

3. 3.

Then Then

select select

the the

dummy dummy

H2 H2 text, text,

Where Where

I I work/go work/go

to to school, school,

and and

replace replace

paragraph paragraph

break) break)

so so the the

picture picture

title title text text

beforehand beforehand

doesn't doesn't

run run right right

into into

it. it.

say say

about about

yourself, yourself,

as as

much much

or or as as

little little

as as

you you want, want,

but but

start start

with with

(a (a

2. 2.

Below Below

the the

IMG IMG

tag tag

and and

above above

the the first first H2 H2

tag, tag,

type type

in in anything anything

you you

want want

to to

controls controls

what what

appears appears

in in

the the browser's browser's

title title

bar), bar),

and and

once once

on on the the H H

1 1 line. line.

1. 1.

Replace Replace

YourName YourName

with with

your your

real real

name name

twice, twice,

once once

on on the the

TITLE TITLE

line line

(this (this

generic generic

text text

with with

the the real real

text. text. This This is is the the easy easy part. part.

Okay, Okay,

enough enough

looking. looking.

Time Time to to

really really

edit edit

your your

home home

page. page. Just Just

start start

replacing replacing

the the

(diting (diting the the HTML HTML Document Document

say say

HTML HTML

is is

easy, easy,

since since

the the

browser browser

does does most most

of of the the

work. work.

file file

interpreted interpreted

and and

displayed displayed

as as

a a Web Web

document. document.

This This

result result

is is what what

makes makes

people people

Switch Switch

over over

to to the the

browser browser

window window

again again

and and compare compare

the the "raw" "raw"

HTML HTML

file file

to to

the the

of of the the people people on on the the planet. planet.

respectively, respectively,

of of

a a

second-level second-level

heading. heading.

Now Now

you you

know know more more HTM HTM L L than than 99 99 percent percent

Making Making a a

Simple Simple Home Home 1111 1111 Page Page ps ps 111:1 Ch a p t er Tw e I ve

Debussy Fields' Home Page

The 'Debussy Fields, This is Hy Home Page' Page

picture title

Debussy Fields does not really exist. This picture is a fake.

Uatermelon Uorks

I work at the watermelon works, in watermelon sugar, where the deeds 1Jere done.

Favorite Authors

FIGURE 12.5: All about Debussy Fields

Next, scroll down to the bottom of the document. In the ADDRESS area, put your name and your e-mail address in parentheses, and then save the document. Putting in an Image and the Links Now you have to put the file names and locations of any Web pages you want to link to and any art or illustrations you want embedded in your page. First the image.

Putting in an Image Go up to the tag just below the tag and replace "YourPicture. gif" with the actual file name of a picture you want to include on the page.

Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 45

46 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright

document. document.

Your Your

browser browser

will will

display display your your

finished finished

page page (see (see Figures Figures 12.7 12.7 and and

12.8). 12.8).

directory directory

where where

you you

saved saved

the the home home

page page

originally originally

(if (if necessary), necessary), and and open open the the HTML HTML

Now Now

switch switch

back back

to to

your your

Web Web

browser browser

and and select select

File File Open Open );;>- File. File. Switch Switch

to to the the

Previewing Previewing the the Home Home Page Page

text text

links links inserted. inserted. Then Then save save the the document. document.

home home

page page

document document

you're you're

working working

on. on. Figure Figure

12.6 12.6 shows shows the the document document with with

hyper

usually usually

do do

this this

if if

you you

select select

the the

address address

first) first) and and

paste paste

each each of of the the addresses addresses

into into the the

perfect perfect

accuracy accuracy

from from

the the

address address

box box

of of your your browser browser

(Ctri+C (Ctri+C or or Command+( Command+(

will will

(easy, (easy,

if if

you've you've

made made

bookmarks) bookmarks)

with with

your your

Web Web

browser browser and and then then copy copy the the

links links with with

here" here"

text text

with with

the the

actual actual

addresses addresses

of of

your your

favorite favorite

links. links. You You can can go go to to those those

pages pages

thing thing

different. different.

Then Then

replace replace

the the

description description

text. text.

Finally, Finally, you you have have to to replace replace the the

"URL "URL

Then Then

go go

down down

to to the the

Personal Personal

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Watermelon Works

the done. in vraterme lon sugar, where the deeds T:•rere

Favorite Authors

Richard Brautigan
Thomas Pynchon
Doris Lessing
Don DeLillo
Kilgore Trout

The Bestest Links on the Net

Enterzone Kicks
Literary 0 >
hyperlinked into the FIGURE 12.6: Debussy's employer and favorite sites have now been home page.
Learning More about HTML in some addi In the future, you may want to expand the page, maybe link a SRC="filename" tional pages. In a similar way to how the IMG tag includes to other doc reference to connect a picture to a page, you can make local/inks by using the uments stored in the same place as the home page about HTML and tags. If you want to learn more 1/.w ww. and Web-page creation, visit the Web Designer page (http: kosone. com/people/nelson/nl· htm), a central clearinghouse by the way, not a for Web-design related information. (That's a letter "I" numeral "one" in the filename of this page.)
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 47
48 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
FIGURE FIGURE 12.8: 12.8:
The The rest rest of of Debussy's Debussy's home home page page
• • TI1e TI1e \\I'EB \\I'EB DESIGNER DESIGNER
• • Literary Literary Kicks Kicks
• • Enterzone Enterzone
The The Bestest Bestest Links Links on on the the Net Net
• • Kilgore Kilgore Trout Trout
• • DonDeLillo DonDeLillo
• • Doris Doris Lessing Lessing
• • Thomas Thomas Pynchon Pynchon
• • Richard Richard Brautigan Brautigan
Favorite Favorite Authors Authors
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at at the the
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FIGURE FIGURE
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a a M M n n k k a a i i 1111 1111 m m S S g g i i e e I I o m m o H H p p e e a a P P e e g g lUI Ch a p t er T w~ I ve
Finding a Home for Your Page Internet service The final question about your home page is where to put it. Many space on their Web providers (and some of the online services as well) offer free to all their customers. servers, up to some quota of disk space (often five megabytes), you'll have to find If your e-mail provider does not offer you access to a Web server, any other affiliations someone else to host your site. Look first at your company or out there (though you may have. There are also some free home-page hosting sites they may require that you include an ad for them on your page). (see Chapter 3 for Some providers will ask you to send them your files via e-mail to upload your files to how to send files via e-mail). Others will prefer it if you use FTP assign you a URL for them (see Chapter 10 for how to send files via FTP). They will name. com I your home page, often in the format http : I I w w w their.. -your- username, but other variations are possible as well. out there on Once you get your page (and any associated art files or linked pages) friends and ask them your provider's Web site, then anyone can drop by. E-mail your all) of the directory to visit. If you want to truly make your pages public, visit some (or for your page to each and search sites mentioned in Chapter 5, and submit the U RL of them. Now you're truly "on the Net:'
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 49

111 Chapter Four Browsing the Web With

Where I work/go to school

Hobbies

and

Third-Level

Third-LevelHeading Heading

Hobbies

Hobbies

Uatermelon Uorks

Favorite Authors

Watermelon Works

Favorite Authors

The Bestest Links on the Net

Third-Level
Heading Heading