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THE AMERICAN LEGION DECEMBER 1976 MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1976 Volume 101, Number 6 National Commander

William J. Rogers Table of Contenfs CHANGE OF ADDRESS WHEN PAPER WAS A WEAPON 4 Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., Fledgling colonial industry was hard-pressed to meet needs P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and THE MAN WHO COULD SEE TOMORROW 6 give old and new addresses with ZIP Code To some Homer Lea remains America's greatest military genius number and current membership card num- ber. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibilities. ANOTHER ICE AGE? 8 Climatologists patterns weigh changing world weather The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Production Offices AMERICAN LEGION RESTATES SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES . . 10 1608 "K" Street, N. W. BY NAT'L. CMDR. WILLIAM J. ROGERS Washington, D.C. 20006 Vigorous stands on Formosa, Communism reinforce 202-393-4811 organization's role (New York direct line) 212-586-3460 Office of Publisher A POW ODYSSEY TO EUROPE 12 1345 Avenue of the Americas Former World War II prisoners visit old stalag sites New York, N.Y. 10019 212-586-3110 DIABETES CAN THREATEN YOUR SIGHT 16 Shrinking time factor in retinal disease alarms scientists Advertising Sales Robert Redden Associates, Inc. OFF P. O. Box 999 THE HIGHWAY: WAY DOWN UPON THE Teaneck, N.J. 07666 SUWANNEE RIVER 19 201-837-5511 Florida's memorial to Stephen Foster lures vacationers Publisher, James F. O'Neil ONCE THEY WERE EAGLES 20 Editor and Associate Publisher, Raymond J. McHugh U.S. airmen who flew with RAF reminisce in Britain Production Manager, John A. Stanley SHOULD WE HAVE Managing Editor, Frank Kuest A MORATORIUM ON NUCLEAR Senior Editor, Grail S. Hanford POWER PLANTS? 22 American Legion News Editor Ralph Risley pro: REP. HAMILTON FISH, JR. con: SEN. PAUL J. FANNIN E. Art Editor, Walter H. Boll WASHINGTON'S Circulation Manager and Assistant Publisher, CHRISTMAS GIFT TO HIS . . COUNTRY .24 Dean B. Nelson Magnificent Gothic cathedral rises as church for all Indianapolis, Ind. THE POLISH CONNECTION 36 The American Legion Magazine Commission Baltimore Legion post uncovers old link to Poland and its heroes Benjamin B. Truskoeki, Bristol, Conn. THE YORKTOWN SERVES AGAIN 40 (Chairman): Mil ford A. Forrester, Green- ville, S.C. (Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel- Essex class carrier becomes hub of unique naval museum ley, Radnor, Pa. (National Commander's

Representative) ; Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla.; BICENTENNIAL LANDMARK: FORT KASKASKIA, IL 45 Lang Armstrong. Spokane, Wash.; Norman 'Place Biebel, Belleville, III.; Adolph Bremer, where Illinois began' claims niche in history Winona, Minn.; B. C. Connelly, Hunting- ton, W. Va*; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf

Shores, Ala. ; John J. Dunn, Sr.. Scranton, PA; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma City, Cover Photo Okla. ; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga. James V. K issuer, Palatine, III.; Russell H.

Laird, Des Moines, Iowa ; Loyd McDermott, Cover photo of West Nave of Benton, Ark.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Washington's National Cathedral and Miss. ; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La. F. its famed rose window was made Roger A. Munson, Euclid, OH ; Robert available Murphy, Chelmsford, Mass.; Robert A. Oke- by Washington Cathedral son, Diamond Bar, Cal.; Floyd J. Rogers.

Communications Dept. and William 1'opeka, Kans. ; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Graham. Ind.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y. (Con-, sultant ) Other photo and graphic credits include Shirley Starbuck, Wide World, UPI, Culver The American Legion Magazine is owned and Pictures, Sovfoto, U.S. Dept. of Commerce published monthly by The American Legion. (NASA), Joe Consolmagno, FBI, Eye Re- Copyright 1976 by The American Legion. search Institute, Hedgecoth Photographers, Second class postage paid at Indianapolis. British Ministry of Defense, Haller Ameri- Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices. can Legion Post 95 of Baltimore, U.S. Price: single copy, 30 cents; yearly sub- Navy, Bonnell Black Studio, Illinois Dept. scription, $3.00. Direct inquiries regarding of Business and Economic Development. circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Send editorial and advertising material to Departments The American Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006. NOTES ON OUR DESK 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION. 28 BOOKS THAT MATTER 3 PERSONAL 44 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP DATELINE WASHINGTON 15 LEGION SHOPPER 46 number, with $3.00 check or money VETERANS NEWSLETTER 27 PARTING SHOTS 48 order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- dressed, Microfilm copies of current and back is- stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. sues of The American Legion Magazine

are available through : University Micro- If ""deliverable, please send Form POSITIVTruaiiuaairin.ASTlTTi . 3579 to: films, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. . , i P 0 Box 1954> ind i anapolis> nd . 462o6. 48106.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 ;

rural areas and Washington and was NOTES ON meant to be run at a loss, even if city deliveries were very profitable. I wish your article (October) had em- OUR DESK phasized this point. Sherwood E. Tucker San Francisco, CA

Sir: What is so deplorable if we into your This conviction has caused Kelley A slip of paper stuffed subsidize our own postal service store to launch the FBI "crime resistance" bag of groceries at the corner which serves more people every day program. It seeks to encourage aver- or the shopping center supermarket than any other government agency? semi- age citizens to: a car pool for elderly women; Your own box score (October) shows all are • Practice crime safety measures nars on crime against youth— that the American postal worker against crime. that eliminate opportunities for new weapons delivers more mail than those in are criminals. New weapons obviously other countries. • cooperate respon- needed. Find ways to Daniel East Assistance sibly with local law officers. The Law Enforcement Peoria, IL Administration has spent more than • Appear as a witness and follow $5 billion since 1969 to profession- through to insure that violations are Sir: Every American Legion post alize police departments, but new properly adjudicated. should take a firm stand against at- equipment, new • Encourage others to resist crime tempts by unions to organize the techniques, more and come to aid of crime victims. military services of the country. policemen are not To test Kelley's theories, the FBI William E. Kair solving the prob- has launched pilot projects in a num- , MA lem. The Federal ber of cities. In Birmingham, AL, it Sir: Consumer advocates (August Bureau of Inves- is encouraging the registration of issue) have perpetrated a gigantic tigation reports a serial numbers of electronic equip- fraud on the American public with 3 per cent in- ment and other valuables to thwart supposed concern for public safety. crease in serious fencing operations; in DeKalb is than a crime during the County, GA, an intensive youth edu- This concern nothing more door-opener to control of all means first six months cation campaign is under way to en- of production, housing, transporta- of 1976. There courage students to report crimes

. . . Kelley -j- tion, radio-TV, advertising, etc. was an g per cen committed against them ; in Norfolk, Ralph Nader and his associates have increase at population centers of VA, a project tries to instruct wom- a hostile attitude toward freedom more than 1 million people. Last en, particularly young girls, in how and the free marketplace. year crime jumped 13 per cent. to avoid becoming rape victims; a Mrs. Doris I. Schubert About one of every 20 Americans Wilmington, DE, task force is work- Pittsford, NY will be a victim of serious crime this ing with the elderly on car pools, volunteer visits, special clothing and year. Sir: They call the Vietnam veteran techniques that will avoid The statistics tell only part of the other "forgotten." What about us "unmen- suffer muggings and purse-snatching. story. The victims do not tionables?" We Kelley It is in Phoenix, AR, that the FBI alone. FBI Director Clarence veterans are seldom spoken of, even joined local police in a super- notes that crime is contaminating has at conventions. Magazines and news- against crime. and destroying the quality of life in market campaign papers penalize us with that word Weekly neighborhood crime bulletins too many American communities. "need." We helped to create modern are inserted in grocery shopping The elderly experience only about veterans benefits but how long do perpe- bags alerting citizens to neighbor- one-third the violent crimes we have to wait for a pension? A general popula- hood crime hazards, recent viola- trated against the little reciprocity would be appre- E. tions, the patterns of burglars or tion, but Administrator Richard ciated. says, "the fear of robbers who may be operating in Velde of LEAA John J. Gleason various sections of the city, descrip- being victimized causes many of the Butte, MT nation's 22 million elderly to isolate tions of suspected criminals, etc. themselves in self-imposed house ar- Perhaps all of us have assumed Sir: My wife, son and I might not be rest." too long that crime was just another here if it weren't for the kindness of The nation's newspapers this fall problem that could be buried under the American Legion Post in Mazat- told the tragic story of a New York a torrent of federal dollars. We're lan, Mexico. Last June we were couple constantly victimized by finding out the hard way that you kidnapped, assaulted and robbed street hoodlums, who huddled anx- can't buy happiness ... or security while on a camping vacation. Our it. We're iously in their apartment and finally . . . you have to work at camper vehicle is still missing. We chose suicide together rather than finding out, too, that no matter how were stranded and penniless until the face a life of fear. professional our lawmen become, we Legionnaires came to our aid. "Supporting your local police is cannot delegate to them total re- Jon Weber not enough," says Kelley. "A dentist sponsibility for our safety and prop- Santa Monica, CA can't brush your teeth, a doctor can't erty. thanks force-feed you. Each of us must re- The FBI crime resistance program Editor's note: Mr. Weber's relayed to William R. sist crime, apathy and corruption. won't eradicate crime, but if citizens have been Mazatlan Post Each of us must get involved, not cooperate, it will make crime a lot Hall, commander of post ad- as a vigilante, but as a vigilant per- less attractive. 11; Howard C. Lanford, Mexico son who accepts the prime responsi- jutant, and Verne Vedder, adjutant. They have bility for his personal safety. Letters to the Editor department demonstrated what the American "Crime is an ugly fact of life. It Sir: The postal service was original- Legion is all about. is not going to go away." ly based on communication between

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 Richard Petty, NRI Automotive Consultant, and America's Petty says, Winningest Stock Car BOOKS Richard Driver. - , THAT MATTER "If you really want to

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 3 Revolutionary War Shortage When Paper Was a Weapon

WHEN GEORGE WASHINGTON the Pennsylvania Council of Safety 82 years old—read a treatise on visited Henrick Oderdonk's ordered that all paper at the Will- papermaking before members of the paper mill in Roslyn, Long Island, cox Mill near Chester be seized for American Philosophical Society of NY, in 1790, he did something rather military use. Philadelphia. He even composed a un-President like. He rolled up his During the same year, soldiers poem of 12 stanzas entitled "Paper": sleeve, dipped a paper mold in a vat requisitioned many unbound books Men are as various; and if right and made a sheet of paper. from Benjamin Franklin's printing I scan The act did not make most history office for cartridge paper. Religious Each sort of paper represents books but it was typical of Wash- members of the Cloisters at Eph- some man. ington and the times. The President rata, PA, operated a paper mill and The first paper mill was founded took a keen interest in native indus- print shop, and at a critical moment in this country in 1690 by William try and one of the most important in the war they donated two wagon- Rittenhouse in Germantown, PA. industries of 18th century America loads of unbound copies of "Foxe's The mill and its successors, operated was the manufacture of paper. Book of Martyrs" to Washington's for many years by Rittenhouse de- In this age of telephones, radio army for cartridge paper. (It may scendants, was an important source and television, it's difficult to remem- have been the most altruistic ges- of paper in Colonial times. By 1775 there were some 75 paper mills scat- tered throughout the 13 colonies, but there had been few improve- ments in the paper-making process since it had been invented by the Chinese some 1,700 years before. It was still a hand operation and was relatively inefficient. The first edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica published in 1768 de- scribes "paper ... of various kinds and used for various purposes: with regard to color it is principally dis- tinguished into white, blue and brown." A typical mill might produce only five reams, or 2,500 sheets of paper, in a 12-hour day. In 1798, however, Nicholas Louis Robert in France succeeded in assembling a machine that could make one continuous web of paper, and in 1805 Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier of created a machine that could turn out one continuous roll of paper. The mill of 1776 had a vat filled with stock or "stuff," which today we would call pulp. A "mold," a frame with a flat screen, was dipped ber that communication at that time ture ever recorded in behalf of that into the vat. Allowing sufficient was limited to the printed word. controversial book.) water to drain through, the stock During the War for Independence, Benjamin Franklin, because of his was allowed to "set" on the screen. there was an enormous need for prominent place in printing and pub- It was then removed from the mold. paper for official purposes such as lishing in Colonial America, was Excess water was squeezed out in military correspondence, legislative greatly interested in paper manufac- a press. The sheets were interlaced orders, documents and records, news- ture. Not only was he a customer of with felts and hung up to dry. papers, political broadsides and cur- the numerous paper mills of the Each sheet measured 17 x 22 rency. Philadelphia area, but he conducted inches; and when cut it produced Paper was also a battlefield weap- a rag collection business to supply four leaves, which when folded on. the mills with raw material. He would produce eight pages for an Muzzle-loading firearms required frequently loaned money to paper- 8V2- x 11-inch book. The weight of that the charge of powder be pack- makers to improve their mills. paper produced each day would be aged in a paper tube twisted closed Franklin was also an importer about 100 pounds. Strength and en- at each end. Soldiers were con- and merchant of European-made durance as well as skill were essen- stantly short of cartridge paper. paper, and a keen observer of paper tial in making the sheets level and Many mills were forced to close and quality and technical development. uniform. imports were cut off. In March 1778, On June 20, 1788, Franklin—then A large book or series of books

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 required an enormous number of such pages and an extraordinary amount of work. The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, printed in Edinburgh in 1768-1771, I love tobacco. consisted of three volumes with a first printing of 3,000 sets. With an average of 900 pages, 450 leaves quarto size per volume, they re- quired about 1 million vat sheets or I don't smoke. about 400 working days—more than a year! Carlton Fisk, Although printing plants existed in the 18th century, almost all im- baseball star and outdoorsman. portant documents, from wills to land deeds, and all correspondence were written by hand. The Declara- tion of Independence, the Constitu- tion and other famous works were written and signed before being com- mitted to print. The quality and durability of paper was of prime importance. There are records of comments made about paper quality by Wash- ington and early U. S. Presidents. Washington even had his own "watermark" for paper used in his correspondence. A watermark was produced by mounting a metal pat- tern on the paper mold, producing an almost invisible indentation. The mark is thinner than the rest of the sheet and can be seen when the paper is held to the light. In the decades following Ameri- can independence, there was a rapid expansion of paper manufacture. By 1810, it is estimated that there were 185 paper mills in the . Mechanization of papermaking also overtook the traditional hand meth- ods. By the start of the Civil War, handmade papermaking had ceased to exist in America. Today, one machine alone is ca- pable of producing a million pounds, or over 500 square miles of paper per day. The change from cotton and linen rags to wood pulp, a re- I don't have to smoke to enjoy tobacco. Why? Because I use newable resource, also has helped "smokeless tobacco'.' increase the use of paper. Today, Just a pinch between cheek and is all it takes to get- one wood digester is capable of pro- my gum ducing up to 900 tons of pulp in 24 the pleasure of full, rich tobacco. I can take my "smokeless hours. Some 75 million cords of tobacco" anywhere. And it always leaves my hands free. There wood are used each year in making three wood pulp. Total paper production are great brands to choose from. Copenhagen, my favorite, is in the United States is around 62 straight tobacco enjoyment. Skoal has a brisk, wintergreen taste. million tons. About 15 per cent of And then there's Happy Days Mint. All three the total paper production is re- cycled for further use. are dated for freshness. They'll each give you Thus, from the Rittenhouse Mill ,—^ the tobacco pleasure you're on Wissahickon Creek in German- looking for... and more. town, PA, in 1690, the paper indus- try has grown until it touches every aspect of our lives and it is one of Smokeless tobacco. the 12 biggest industries in the country. A pinch is all it takes. George Washington's act wasn't For a free booklet that explains how to get the full enjoyment of "smokeless tobacco" so un-President like after all. — as well as a few free pinches that you can try for yourself— write to "Smokeless —Kenneth Britt Tobacco," United States Tobacco Company, Dept. A33, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 5 The Man Who Could

Homer Lea's Military Genius Still Provokes Wonder

t tITIo Russia, having learned the philosophy of X disaster, there comes no final defeat. Her policy of predetermined expansion is, on the other hand, concentrated by disaster. The ex- pansion of Russia in its intensity never ceases. Those tides that recede from one shore, recede only to break upon another." That is not post-World War II oratory. The words were written 66 years ago by Homer Lea, a man who some believe was the most brilliant military mind in U.S. history. The Russian giant, sprawled across Europe and Asia, was, Lea felt, like some raw, elemental force of nature. It possessed vast land area, an abundance of natural resources and manpower, all adding up to a potential aggressive military threat. In two books—"The Valor of Ignorance" and "The Day of the Saxon"—both published by Harper Brothers several years before World War I, Lea prophesied that: • The United States and Japan would clash in the Pacific. That Japan would, in a surprise attack, destroy the American fleet, and then pro- ceed to take control of the Pacific and its islands. • Britain and Germany were certain to collide in a major war, which, if won by Britain, would be only the first in a series of wars. The inevit- able result, he said, would be the breakup of the British Empire. Britain and Germany would both be weakened by their wars, he said, and Russia would emerge as the leading military power in Europe and Asia. It is worth noting that at the time Lea made his predictions most military leaders still were talking about how the inept Russians had been humiliated by upstart Japan in the Russo- Japanese War of 1905. "The Day of the Saxon" saw Russia emerging as the No. 1 aggressor nation of the 20th cen- tury. "When we consider the possibilities of Russian expansion during the 20th Century, we are conscious of a power for aggression far greater than during the 18th and 19th Centuries," Lea wrote. He noted that at the beginning of the 18th century, Russia's land area included less than 275,000 square miles with a population of 12 million. By the middle of the 19th century it included nearly nine million square miles, or about one-seventh of the total land surface of the earth, with a population over 150 million. "Russia in her progress," Lea said, "is con- cerned no more with the devastation of her wars than is Russian nature concerned with the havoc of her winters." During the 18th century, Lea said, Russia sent 4,900,000 men into war, and suffered 1,410,000 casualties. Her defeats by Sweden, Finland, Poland, Turkey and Japan only concentrated the Russian desire for expan- Military strategist Homer Lea had uncanny ability to predict American sion, Lea pointed out. misfortunes in Pacific, typified by the proud USS Arizona of the 1930's (above) and the broken hulk of same ship at Pearl Harbor in 1941 Homer Lea was born with two distinguishing

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 characteristics—a hopelessly twisted Po Wong Wui, a which sup- mobile, can win China for you." spine and a burning desire to be a ported the emperor of China against Within weeks after their first military leader. the Manchus who were backing the meeting, Lea and Sun left for China, Not far from his San Francisco stopping first at Hong Kong and then home was "Chinatown" and it be- Canton. After their arrival in China, came one of his favorite haunts. An Lea was given the rank of lieutenant- Oriental superstition holds that general in the Chinese Reform Army "hunchbacks" are lucky people and and placed in command of a . young Lea was accepted as a favored He tried to whip his "army" into guest in gatherings where he ab- shape, tried to find enough arms so sorbed stories about China, its his- that every man had at least a rifle tory and culture. of some description. But the task was When he entered Occidental Col- virtually impossible. After an abor- lege in 1894, he continued to study tive attempt to raid one of the military strategy, the philosophy of Dowager's arsenals in which his vol- war, and the logistics of men and unteers broke and fled in panic, Lea materiel. decided he could be of more value in By the time he entered Stanford Homer Lea trying to raise money for the cause. University two years later, he was He went first to Japan, then re- convinced the United States was a Empress Dowager, a former concu- turned to the United States where he "sleeping giant" ripe for plunder by bine of the emperor's father. gave lectures and established in Cal- any strong militaristic power. He One night he heard a young Chi- ifornia a training school for young was angered by pacifists on the fac- nese speak about the Chinese reform Chinese volunteers. Meanwhile, Lea ulty who thought any expenditure movement and about the emperor's began to take a closer look at his for arms was excessive. Lea argued progressive ideas on land distribu- own country. so vehemently that he once was tion and constitutional government. The regular Army, scattered from threatened with expulsion. The young Chinese was Sun Yat Sen the East Coast to the , "You can't ignore logic," he who was destined to be the first had less than 50,000 men. The Navy shouted. "The oceans can't protect us president of the Republic of China. was in somewhat better shape. In as they did 100 years ago. Modern Lea went to him after the meeting actual number of ships, it was transports can move divisions of men and said: "I want to go to China slightly superior to the Japanese across the oceans in less than two with you." Sun was impressed with navy. But American fleet units were weeks. How would we stop them with his grasp of military principles. divided between two oceans. In com- an army of fifty thousand scattered "You don't need a large army," parison with the military machine halfway around the world?" Homer Lea told the young Chinese he had seen in Japan, the United Lea's interest in China led him to leader. "A relatively small force, States seemed woefully weak. turn-of-the-century meetings of the well-trained, well armed and highly (Continued on page 11)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 7 Soviet nuclear-powerecTicebreaker convoys ships near Murmansk By THOMAS A. HOGE record for a shrinking world food Weather Machine" that during the supply, such crop failures could be American Revolution, British sol- Weather satellites fanning devastating. diers were able to slide their guns across the Northern Hemi- A study of the weekly maps of across the ice from Manhattan to sphere report the permanent snow the National Oceanographic and At- Staten Island. and ice caps mantling the North Pole mospheric Administration says the English farmers have been com- have shown an ominous increase in snow and ice found the year round plaining for some years about a the past few years. If scientists read in the coastal mountains of British shorter growing season, and a recent these signals correctly, we may be Columbia and in such Asian ranges check of the records proved them heading for a global cool-off that as the Himalayas increased by 12 right. Because of a gradual change could spell widespread tragedy. It per cent in 1971 and have remained of the Gulf Stream, England's grow- could even be the first signal of an- at the new level. ing season is nine to ten days shorter other Ice Age, like the one that A closer look shows that strange than it was in 1950. brought glaciers deep into North things have been happening to the Untold thousands, tens of thou- America before it retreated some weather around the world in the sands of Africans have died of fam- 10,000 years ago. Or perhaps we past few years, both in the northern ine in droughts gripping the area could experience a cold snap like and southern sectors of the globe. south of the Sahara. The southern the "Little Ice Age" that caused Canada, for instance, suffered the rim of the arid Sahara appears to death and widespread misery in the coldest winter in memory in 1972. be creeping into the populated, fam- 17th century. A disastrous frost hit Brazil re- ine-struck Sahel. The U. S. Agency One respected scientific body fore- cently, virtually wiping out its vital for International Development says casts that droughts, floods and coffee crop. Americans feel the chill that over the past 50 years, 250,000 plummeting temperatures will prob- every week at the supermarket. square miles of arable land have ably cause major crop failures in Reports from Arctic regions say been "forfeited" to the Sahara's ex- the next decade. ice floes clogging the seas off Green- panding southern edge. "If national and international pol- land and Iceland have done more Killing droughts also have wreaked icies do not take such failures into damage to shipping and fishing than havoc throughout the Middle East, account, they may result in mass at any time since the 17th century. India, Southern Asia and North ." deaths by starvation. . is the grim Then it began when a Norse colony China. Half a world away, they conclusion of a meeting of experts in Greenland became isolated and struck Central America. in climatology, agricultural econom- perished as the Arctic ice pack grad- A recent United Nations survey ics and political science called by the ually engulfed their encampment. shows that the world's desert areas International Federation of Insti- And it was apparently still in force are spreading. Man will pay for it tutes for Advanced Study (IFIAS). a century later. Meteorologist Nigel in higher food prices and political With ominous forecasts already on Calder says in his book "The turmoil. The survey by the U.N.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 —J

Environmental Program shows that less than one month's supply, com- the changes now taking place are so "desertification" now amounts to pared with a two-month stockpile in severe that up to one billion people about 6.7 per cent of the earth's 1972. This has prompted a leading one quarter of the global popula- surface, an area larger than Brazil. climatologist to sound a warning. tion—could starve to death. Calder in his book notes that thou- "There is very important climatic A Soviet climatologist, quoted by sands of deaths in Africa over the change going on right now," says Calder, goes still further. He says past few years have been the result Reid Bryson, director of the Institute that if the polar ice sheets manage of only a moderate change in cli- of Environmental Studies at the Uni- to edge a little closer toward the mate. He suggests that the effects versity of Wisconsin. "This has been equator, we might find ourselves in of a major climatic change would be the most abnormal period in at least the path of another full-fledged ice roughly comparable to the casualties a thousand years." If the change age. The entire globe would become in a nuclear war. continues, Bryson warns, "it will encased in ice, he says, and life While vast areas of Africa, the affect the whole human occupation would eventually cease. (The impact Middle East and Latin America of the earth." on a northern nation such as the were drying up, the Midwestern In fact, this outspoken observer of USSR could precipitate untold reac- United States, the Philippines and weather danger signals believes that (Continued on page 43 Italy were engulfed two years ago by raging floods that were rated the worst in centuries. And in 1976, storm-lashed waters swept across Western Europe causing the worst thirty years, havoc in decades. Last spring floods In covered wide areas of North Dakota. An unprecedented rash of torna- you can give it to does has rampaged across the United States in the past few years, with your grandson. more than a thousand recorded in 1973 alone. It was said to be worst That's because Schrade Old Timer Knives in 1974 when these awesome twist- are hand-crafted to last from generation ers ripped through a 12-state area. to generation. Each knife goes through more On April 3 of that year, 70 of these than 100 hand operations. Over 100 care- killers plowed paths of devastation ful inspections. We've been working through the Midwest and South. this tried-and-true way for more than That same year, in one savage out- 70 years. There's just no other way burst, a thunderstorm front raced to make a great knife. Ask your from to Ohio in a matter grandfather. Schrade Cutlery of hours, spawning tornadoes that Corporation, New York 12428. destroyed or damaged nearly 20,000 homes, business houses and farm 4 buildings. The storm killed more than 320 persons and injured some 3,700. The weather abated somewhat in 1975, then started up again. Weather Bureau experts are reluc- tant to draw conclusions. Statistical data can be misleading, they empha- size, particularly since tornado re- ports cannot always be confirmed. But farmers in Meade, KS, still talk in awed tones about howling, 60-mile winds that blackened the skies early this year and kicked up Sharp Finger (Above) dust to a height of 11,000 feet. Drop Point Hunter (Below) Spongy heaps of black topsoil drifted beside barbed wire fences and filled roadside ditches. It was a scene reminiscent of the choking dust bowl of the 1930's. The 1976 drought has significantly reduced the winter wheat crop. It has also forced premature slaughter of cattle, a move that threatens to diminish meat supplies and boost prices. Droughts also hit this year, hurting the fruit and nut crops and dealing a blow to the dairy industry in that state. Such climatic changes are even Old Timer? more disturbing in light of the world's already unstable food stores. by Schrade World grain reserves are down to

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 9 The Commander's Message A Timely Restatement Of Legion Principles

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States era in its relations convention in Seattle and the subsequent NEC meeting Is the United entering a new with other countries? Bitter memories of Indochina in Indianapolis saw fit once again to place The Amer- still prey on our national conscience. The actions of Con- ican Legion solidly behind our commitments to Korea gress and the words of campaign orators in both national Japan, Formosa and other Pacific allies. I visited many parties suggest a lessening U.S. role in the world. It of these countries this fall. No one should underestimate was not good politics in 1976 to come down hard on Com- the reservoir of good will toward America. munism, to speak up for tested allies, to defend our Independent government has not been easy in the oft-maligned military. area from Korea to Micronesia. Even behind the Amer- But in the midst of this, The American Legion—to its ican military shield, education and evolution have been credit—chose once again to ignore politics and talk slow. But there is progress in the Pacific. Doom-sayers facts. may claim that our investment in Asia has brought us The annual autumn conference of the Legion's Na- disaster. In my view it has prevented disaster. The in- tional Executive Committee voted overwhelmingly to vestment must continue. The shield must remain strong. reiterate Legion support of our mutual security treaty We must continue to encourage the people of Asia and with the Republic of China, the basis of our obligation the Pacific. to defend Formosa in case of attack. A key ingredient is our military, simply because we And, viewing the chaotic conditions in Southern Africa live in a world where the strength of opposing systems where the Soviets have gained major footholds in newly is judged in physical terms. independent Angola and Mozambique, and threaten fur- The people in uniform who symbolize our commitment ther advances, the Legion's NEC called on Washington are dedicated, competent men and women. It is our ob- to restate emphatically its determination to "use every ligation to equip them with the finest arms our tech- means at its disposal to deter any further aggression and nology can devise. And our obligation goes a bit further. to prevent any further Communist expansion". We have opted for an all-volunteer, professional military Whether the Communist target is a handicapped, de- force. To make it attractive to our finest young men and veloping "Third World" state, or a sophisticated Western women, Congress voted major pay increases, cost-of- nation that is experiencing economic difficulty makes no living factors and a series of fringe benefits that include difference. If the United States is to live up to its com- liberal retirement plans, commissary privileges, housing mitment to itself, it must extend help to all who are allowances, etc. These must be maintained. It would be experiencing psychological, political and/or military a tragedy if a cost-conscious, anti-Pentagon Congress pressure from Communist forces. were to whittle these benefits in the name of "economy." The resolutions adopted by the NEC are not mis- These men and women are the "front line" of every guided missiles. They are timely and to the mark. free and independent nation. Whether they are con- The demonstration of support for Formosa is accom- scripts or regulars makes no difference. They are Ameri- panied by a call for Washington to continue to explore cans serving our country. They deserve the best. new diplomatic, cultural and trade channels to Peking. That nation of 800 million cannot be ignored. But cer- tainly caution must be the watchword. Since the death of Mao Tse-tung, the enigmatic internal and external policies of the People's Republic of China have been complicated by intra-party maneuvers that confuse even veteran Hong Kong "China watchers." This is simply no time to abandon old friends in Asia in favor of will-o'-the-wisp hopes. I am proud that our

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 —

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7) dicted, that neither one would really win, and after which both would See The Man Who Could Tomorrow decline as military powers. India, He set out to make a survey of the fected easily, Lea said. Most experts he said, would be lost to Britain. If it not invaded by West Coast defenses. now agree that if the Japanese had was Those defenses which did exist moved boldly right on the heels of Russia, it would become independent, said. also lose near some of the larger cities were Pearl Harbor in 1941, they could he Britain would Egypt, its Middle and not adequate. Lea noted that the have captured the Hawaiian Islands. East mandates its African colonies. heavy coastal guns all pointed sea- When "The Valor of Ignorance" If in its war with England, Ger- ward and could not be trained on was published in 1909, it created many also sought to attack Russia, forces approaching from land. (This something less than a sensation in Lea said, the Germans would suffer was a fatal flaw in the 1942 British the United States. Most military men the same fate did and lose defense of .) dismissed it as pure fantasy. The so heavily in men and materiel that Lea outlined all of his findings and general public paid it no attention. they would be forced to withdraw. then wrote Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, a It sold 2,000 copies in the United If we view World War I and World former chief-of-staff , and told him of States. In Japan, however, it was War II as one conflict and histori- his fears. The retired general was made compulsory reading at the — ans are moving in this direction we impressed by Lea's ideas and tried to Japanese military and naval acade- — hearing in the nation's can see how accurate was Lea's view get him a mies. Germany made it compulsory top military councils, but high-rank- of the global situation. for all staff and field grade officers. apparently felt ing officers dismissed "the vaporings He that the forces Kaiser Wilhelm was so impressed of an amateur." of pacificism and isolationism were that he invited Lea to visit Germany so strong in Chaffee persisted and finally suc- the United States that and observe army maneuvers. Lea this country ceeded in organizing war games. would not intervene in The games opened with Lea ma- also visited England at the joint in- a European conflict. Indeed, if Ger- vitation of Field Marshal Lord Rob- neuvering his theoretical forces on a many had not gone to such excess in huge map. Striking without warn- erts and Lord Kitchener. its submarine warfare early in World Lea returned to the United States I, ing, he attacked and defeated defend- War we might not have done so. with the definite feeling that En- in 1912. ing Naval units. He sent his "troops" Homer Lea died He lived gland the ashore on undefended beaches. and Germany were on to see Sun Yat Sen gain power in Regular Army commanders began brink of a collision. He wrote a second China. Death denied him the oppor- book, "The Day of the Saxon," in tunity to see the to move desperately to new defensive United States rally which he predicted a between defeat aggressor positions, but as the umpires began war to nations in two the two. It would be a war, he pre- World Wars. Miles E. to tally the results, it became ap- Denham parent that Homer Lea, indeed, had "defeated" the defending army and had captured the entire West Coast from Seattle to San Diego. The great war book of our time Lea pulled all his materials to- gether and began his book, "The for every fighting man to treasure Valor of Ignorance." He contrasted the American Army of 50,000 with the well-armed Japa- nese Army of more than one million "The most stirring, lucid men, the over-aged American fleet account of World II with the modern, faster and more War I have ever read." heavily armed Japanese fleet. -^JOSEPH HELLER, Then he outlined the steps by author of Catch-22 which Japan, feeling thwarted in its Pacific ambitions by the United Relive all the drama of

States, would proceed to assert its WW II in vivid text by the power. First would be the surprise author of From Here to attack on the U.S. fleet which would Eternity and the finest col- in effect destroy American seapower. lection of combat art ever 0^ Declarations of war are a thing of assembled: over 180 full- the past, he said. The Japanese would color and black-and-white then attack the Pacific islands. In illustrations by Tom Lea, the Philippines, the Japanese would Bill Mauldin, George ("Sad land at Lingayen Gulf and Polillo Sack") Baker, others. Orig- Bight (exactly where they did in inally published at $25— December 1941) and would move in now in a quality paperback a pincers on . The city would edition for ONLY $7.95. fall to the Japanese in three weeks. (Actually it held out for 26 days.) At bookstores, or send check The remaining American forces or money order for $7.95 to: would fall back to Corregidor and BALLANTINE BOOKS, Sales other fortified positions around Dept.-BW, 201 E. 50 St., N.Y.C. Manila where they would be starved 1 0022 (Add 75 * for mailing, and sales tax if applicable.) into surrender. Landings on Hawaii, defended at that time by only a battalion of Americans, could be ef-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 H — 1,1

A POW Odyssey to Europe mfV m^^^ " •

Polish girl scouts stand at attention at POW museum-monument at Sagan

By JOE CONSOLMAGNO our group until we left the country particularly when the risks seemed five days later at the East German not too great. His plane was hit, the Frankfurt am Main, modern border. We were also met by our pilot jettisoned gunners and passen- Atapartment buildings have oblit- American tour guide and organizer, ger, then headed for England with erated the prisoner of war reception Mrs. Wanda Rudzinski of Mineola, his lightened load. center that was Dulag Luft. At N.Y., a childhood war refugee from Memories of World War II are still Sagan, in former German territory Poland. very much alive in Warsaw. Scat- ceded to Poland, a stark monument That night in Warsaw, some 40 of tered along the bustling sidewalks of and POW museum memorialize Sta- us—ex-POWs, wives and friends- a rebuilt, modern city are remnants lag Luft III. At Moosburg, near held a reacquaintance dinner at the of war-destroyed buildings—often Munich, Stalag VIIA barracks are Forum Hotel, a modern, western left standing as memorials to free- now homes and shops in a lower type of operation. dom fighters. From the outset in middle-class neighborhood. Maj. Gen. Delmar Spivey, USAF, 1939, when it was crushed between It was all so strange to 18 ex- Ret., who as a colonel had been German and then Russian attacks kriegies—former POW's—who made senior American officer at the West from west and east, Poland suffered a pilgrimage over the Stalag route Compound of Stalag Luft III, cleared massive casualties from both ene- traveled by thousands of Allied air- up one mystery that had puzzled us mies. At war's end, it counted 6 mil- men shot down over the European- since the summer of '44 when an Air lion dead, 800,000 in Warsaw alone. North African theater and taken Force brigadier general suddenly Warsaw had been virtually leveled prisoner during World War II. turned up as a prisoner in our camp. in vicious Nazi retaliation for an I was navigator on a B-17 Flying We heard that prior to our entry abortive uprising in the fall of 1944. Fortress that went down April 5, into the war he had been air attache (While the Nazis smashed the city, 1943, over Antwerp. in Berlin. We also heard that the the Russian army sat on the out- Our former POW group flew to plane from which he parachuted had skirts, waiting for the destruction to Warsaw, where a personable young returned safely to England. We were be completed before resuming its man from Orbis, the Polish national convinced he had been dropped to advance to "liberate" the rubble.) tourist agency, greeted us. Orbis is deal in a political peace settlement. Tragedy of such catastrophic pro- the Polish counterpart to the better Not so, said Spivey. The brigadier portions cannot be erased in a single known Soviet Intourist organization had merely been out seeking points generation. Moreover, perpetuating that guides and watches over visitors toward an Air Medal, a common the war memory is obviously official to the USSR. He was to stay with pastime among headquarters brass, policy of the Soviet satellite govern-

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 Former POWs and families tour stalags, above and bot. right, Maj. Gen. DelmarT. Spivey, USAF, Ret., top right, at monument in Poland

ment sitting in Warsaw, though the Nazi war criminals?" was the first children's honor guard toward the accusing finger is always pointed question. It was the last, too. POW monument. Suddenly, it all west, toward Germany. "I was a witness for the defense," rushed back in a wave—653 days of A flight to the former German answered Spivey. my youth spent in that open field city of Breslau, now Wroclaw, an The TV crew packed up their cam- beyond the monument. Barbed wire overnight stay there, and a 90-mile era and left. They were not inter- and barracks and long-forgotten bus drive through the countryside of ested in hearing about a Waffen SS faces materialized, then disappeared Lower Silesia took us to Sagan on a officer who refused to carry out Hit- again in the misting, drizzling rain. gray, misty morning. ler's orders in the waning days of The final notes of the anthem Set back from the road stands a the Third Reich to execute all POW sounded as we reached the monu- POW museum and monument. fliers. ment. The young people's drum Barbed wire is embedded in its stark, After the city hall, we were shown picked up a tattoo that rolled con- cement facade. The statue shows a to the library at Sagan' s 12th cen- tinuously while the general placed a fallen prisoner, a recumbent, ema- tury monastery, where the German wreath by the figure of the fallen ciated giant, curled up on his side. astronomer Johannes Kepler had prisoner. British and American prisoners were once studied, and the chapel, where We visited the museum for a few spared starvation by Red Cross food Hungarian composer Franz Liszt moments. The photos and exhibits

parcels from home ; but no such good once played the organ. As we entered under glass were at once familiar fortune was permitted prisoners the aged chapel, that same organ and unreal. Then we moved on to an taken on the Russian front and mil- filled the vaulted chamber with the earlier POW monument. In a wooded lions of concentration camp victims. rich, reverberating tones of the 'Ave area where part of Stalag Luft III Schoolchildren were lined up along Maria." The group's chatter had been once stood was a clearing where the walkway to this grim monument, diminishing all morning and now kriegies had built a memorial to 50 waiting to greet us. But first we had subsided completely. These were RAF prisoners executed after the to satisfy the demands of protocol. somber moments. Our thoughts were Great Escape of 1944 and had We drove into town, where we were on the grim past. erected grave markers for the other greeted at the ancient city hall by The POW museum and monument airmen who had been killed or died the mayor of Sagan, representatives are built on the spot once occupied in the camp. We left our roses there. of the state, the military, the Com- by the "Kommandatur," the com- Our mission to Poland was over. On munist Party and other dignitaries. mand headquarters for the prison the way out of the Stalag area, our Pepsi-Cola flowed freely—it is ap- camps at Sagan. Nothing else re- hosts pointed to another clearing parently the national soft drink. The mains of Stalag Luft III, only an where a mass grave had been dis- inevitable toasts were drunk in empty field and a scrub forest. covered several years after the war. champagne. A television crew inter- Schoolgirls presented each of us It had been concealed under a newly- viewed General Spivey. He interested with a single, symbolic rose, and as planted forest and contained, they them because he had been a witness a recorded "Star-Spangled Banner" said, some 30,000 bodies. The roads at the Nuremburg war crime trials. thundered from the public address through the woods carried other "What did you testify against the system, we proceeded through the memories.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 13 —

At 21:00 hours on the bitter cold Rudzinski, our war-refugee guide. he could not understand why we night of January 27, 1945, an order How do you explain a Hermann wanted to make this visit. came down from the Kommandatur Glimnitz to a non-soldier? "There is nothing there," he as- to evacuate Stalag Luft III. Sounds How do you explain a serted. of battle a scarce 20 kilometers to pilot who willed his prized war dec- That night our guest at a beer the east were borne into camp on orations to the kriegie he had shot hall in Munich was a man we called freezing winds. By midnight, a long, down 20 years earlier? The recipient "Popeye" when he was chief ferret winding line of 10,000 prisoners and was Col. Cy Widen, USAF, Ret., now at Sagan, poking about for tunnels their guards staggered along a snow- living in Colorado Springs, CO. beneath the prison barracks. After covered road like a wounded snake, Cy was a lieutenant when we were his men had discovered and foiled our 99th escape tunnel, they bought writhing in an agony of cold ; lashed fellow POWs. by bitter, blizzard winds. At day- Since Dulag Luft was buried with- a barrel of beer to tap in celebration break, the long line had splintered out trace by the postwar building when they found the 100th. But they into several shorter ones. The por- boom, Frankfurt am Main was missed the next one—Tunnel Harry. tion that had been the West Com- merely a pass-through point for our It brought escape to 80 prisoners, pound found brief shelter in and group. We also might never have death to 50 and freedom to three. around a little village church at Hal- found the remains of Stalag VIIA Once, a long-time British prisoner brau, now renamed Ilowa. without the aid of former Major in the North Compound, irritated to Now, leaving Sagan, our bus fol- Doctor Simoleit, who had been ad- the breaking point by the rat-like lowed that route of the West Com- jutant to the Luftwaffe commander scraping of a ferret beneath his cell, pound's march into Ilowa. There, in an upstairs dining room of a new restaurant, we sat down with our Polish hosts to a lavish banquet of countless courses and endless toasts in vodka, brandy and cola drinks. It fell my lot to offer the last toast. "May we always have the wisdom to know who our friends are," I said. The route of our winter march in 1945 wound 45 miles overland to Spremberg, now in East Germany. There we had been loaded into 40- and-eight box cars, 50 to a car, for a torturous three-day rail trip to Stalag VIIA at Moosburg. Our tour- ist bus was refused permission to follow that route into Germany. Soviet satellite or not, the East Ger- man Democratic Republic wants no part of war memories. Not that war, at any rate. It grudgingly allowed us to cross its border at Frankfurt am der Oder, provided we drive right through to Berlin without a stop, not even for lunch. At West Berlin we were joined for drinks and dinner by Hermann Glimnitz, a former master sergeant in the Luftwaffe, who had been the at Stalag Luft III. As our volunteer drilled a hole in the floor, then sat ranking non-commissioned officer in guide, he led us to the neighborhood in ambush, mallet in hand. Lured by the security detail at Stalag Luft III. on the outskirts of Moosburg where the light streaming down into his He was so good at his job that all the camp once stood. Even then, it domain, one unfortunate ferret poked escape activity halted whenever he took careful study of the nondescript an exploratory finger up into the set foot in a compound. Tunnelers, buildings to pick out the former bar- hole. The mallet struck, the ferret tailors, forgers all closed up shop racks in their civilian disguise as finger was in splints for weeks, and until he was safely outside the gate. modest homes, apartments and busi- the assailant spent a month in soul- Ramrod straight at 78, he remains ness places. There was no hint of satisfying solitary confinement. very much the old soldier, still re- the moment when General Patton's Now puffed and in his eighties, spected by his former adversaries. tanks burst through to liberate us chief ferret Popeye brought the jam- And on that Berlin morning 31 on April 29, 1945. packed Munich beer hall to silence years later, Oberfeldwebel Glimnitz Outside Munich, we also made a when he rose at his table and in his assembled his last appel—roll call sorrowful visit to Dachau's notorious old soldier's voice sang "Lili Mar- of the prisoners of Stalag Luft III, death camp, partially preserved as lene." His American hosts led the at the entrance of the Hilton Hotel witness and warning to future gen- house in a standing ovation. to present each a souvenir of his city erations. Our German bus driver, Somehow I kept hearing, over and and to bid them farewell as they de- who carried in his wallet snapshots over again, the sentence I first heard parted for Moosburg. of his grandchildren and of the pan- 33 years ago, when a German pointed "You people are crazy; you are zer tank he had driven to within a gun at my head. "For you the war absolutely crazy!" exclaimed Mrs. binocular-range of Moscow, claimed is over." End

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 . . , , s . s

Dateline Washington . .

AMERICANS FOR STRONG MILITARY DEFENSE. RETIREES MAY 'HELP' POLICE. A NAT'L AQUACULTURE PLAN?

According to a poll by Potomac Associates only convert some of our idle wetlands into of Washington, Americans as a whole "ocean ranches" but also encourage the believe that the Soviet Union is today creation of artificial fish ponds inland virtually the equal of the United States in to supply the U.S. market. terms of power and importance , and will The Congressional Research Service has continue to be so at least for the next found that some countries, like China ten years and Czechoslovakia, have long pursued the

The U.S. public is uneasy about this culture of fish for food. Today , we import state of affairs , and as a result a maj ority more than 50 per cent of our sea food. of our people feel that the United States Senatorial proponents say aquaculture

"should maintain its dominant position as could make a contribution to the U. S. ' the world * s most powerful nation at all economy and gastronomy. costs, even going to the very brink of war " if necessary, according to the same • PEOPLE & QUOTES survey. In 1972 and 1974, in reaction to the Vietnam war, Americans, as polled, SOVIET DESIGN LATIN AMERICA'S VIEW opposed such militancy however, 52 per "All the signs convince "During the past decades ; that the Soviet Union is pres- Latin America has generally cent supported this tougher position ently carrying out an explicit found the United States in 1976. design to- seize superiority in wanting in confronting the The 1976 survey also indicated that strategic weaponry as well as newer, more complex and less Americans favor reduction or ending of local conventional superiority tractable hemispheric devel- in certain strategic areas of opment agenda." O.A.S. Sec'y U.S . contributions to the United Nations the world." Gen. David Jones, Gen. Alejandro Orfila. and of foreign economic and military aid. A Air Force Chief of Staff. maj ority believe that the United States UK'S PRIMROSE PATH STOP GOV'T'S TREND should come to the military defense of its "For too long this country "The trend of growth in has trodden the primrose maj or European allies if any are attacked government regulations must path and borrowed money by Russia. be reversed if the national from abroad to maintain economy is to escape com- standards of living, instead plete domination by govern- A federal agency has come up with an idea of grappling with the funda- ment decision makers." Pres. mental problems of British to make retired citizens "partners" of M. R. Lovell Jr., Rubber industry." Prime Minister the police in assisting some of the nation' Manufacturers Assoc. James Callaghan, . 22 million aged citizens fearful of SATISFIED CUSTOMERS or victimized by crime. "If we in business want to CHINA ON USSR remain free ... to respond to The Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis- "Soviet social-imperialism the desires of our customers, (LEAA) is moving to train, and is the biggest peace swindler tration rather than to those of the and the most dangerous persuade the police to call upon retired government regulators, we source of war today." Chiao are going to have to fulfill citizens in helping deal with the victimized Kuan-hua, Red China Foreign the businessman's first, last aged persons who usually need a friend, Minister. and those elderly who isolate themselves and always responsibility : . . to satisfy these customers, CAMPUS INSIGHT in self-imposed house confinement for fear today, not tomorrow." Thom- "This is not an apathetic of being mugged or robbed. The retired as A. Murphy, Chairman, college generation . . . stu- Gen. Motors. LEAA feels , represent a large untapped dents are worried about the s ource of volunteer help "just itching" to CANCER'S FUTURE rising cost of education and the scarcity of jobs after do something useful. "... I have no question ." that our biology has advanced graduation. . . Barbara W. far enough to tell us that Newell, president, Wellesley With the demand for seafood on the rise cancer is an approachable College. and with the oceans ' resources of finny and and solvable biological prob- shelled fish diminishing, the incoming lem." Benno Schmidt, Head STRANGE CONCERN? of President's Cancer Comm. "... I find it strange, this 95th Congress can be expected to adopt new-found concern for 'de- a national p olicy that will farm our waters 'POSITIVE' FREEDOM mocracy' in India. What dis- as we farm the land. "In reality, it is not enough senter will you meet in Legislation to develop aquaculture as a to be free from something. China ? Yet isn't everyone dy- One must be free for some- ing to go to China ?" Prime national industry was given strong support one or something." Pope Minister Indira Gandhi, In- in the 94th Congress. The move would not Paul VI. dia.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 15 — -

40

Diabetes Can ThreatenYour Sight

(PHOTO: DR. RONALD MICHELS. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV.)

Diseased vitreous is removed from center of eye. Instrument ment of vitreous with a clear solution that will allow the pas- being used in this photo permits cutting, suction and replace- sage of light to the retina

By GRAIL HANFORD Diabetic retinopathy has emerged gives the eyeball its shape. as the nation's leading cause of new Since diabetes is a hereditary dis- IN 1921 the function of the protein cases of blindness. ease that can be transmitted from hormone insulin in the human Scientists have started looking generation to generation, and since pancreas was established by two into the role that insulin itself may more diabetics are living and having Canadian doctors, Dr. Frederick G. play in diabetic blindness, but is it children, there is an increase in the Banting and Dr. Charles H. Best. in fact a case of "not being able to numbers of diabetics, and subse- This knowledge led science to suc- fool mother nature?" quently, an increase in the numbers cessfully treat diabetes, a disease of The longer a diabetic lives, the of those with diabetic retinopathy. the metabolism which upsets the for- more likely he will develop diabetic Only about 5 per cent of those mation and utilization of carbohy- blindness or "diabetic retinopathy." with diabetes will ever face blindness drates. The medical world was elated. This disease can be characterized by as a result of the disease, but be- It was thought that another scourge abnormal fatty deposits in the ret- cause there are more living diabetics

of man had been, if not conquered, ina ; scar tissue pulling on the retina and more diabetics at a younger age, at least brought under control. Dia- or growing over it, or bleeding from there are and will be more sufferers betics could look forward to produc- abnormal blood vessels of the retina. from this type of blindness in the tive work and family life. (The retina is the light sensitive tis- immediate future. (Though the cause It was not to be that simple. sue at the back of the eye which of diabetes is still not known, it is By the 1950's and 1960's the medi- transmits visual impulses to the confirmed that the disease is trans- cal world began to focus on increased brain.) mitted to the next generation if both blindness due to diabetes. Where, in Progress has been made in treat- parents have it, or if one has it and

the 1930's, the incidence was less ing the disease in the so-called "pro- the other carries the gene ; but if only than one per cent of all cases of liferative" stage. In such cases, new one parent has it and the other blindness, by 1970 it was 10.9 per blood vessels sprout from already neither has it nor carries the gene, cent. This year in certain states existing blood vessels that are nat- then that couple's children will not such as Massachusetts and New urally present in the retina. They be born with diabetes.) York—the percentage of new cases erupt through the surface of the For those who do face the possi- of blindness that can be traced di- retina and grow into the vitreous— bility of the disease from heredity, rectly to diabetes is closer to 20 per the clear, jelly-like substance which it is a serious fact that the time span cent among people aged 45-74. makes up the center of the eye and for its onset decreases with each

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 —

generation. Where the original dia- betic in a family line may incur the disease late in life and therefore, should blindness result, the sufferer would be affected for a compara- tively few years near the end of his or her life, in the next generation the disease may occur some ten to 20 years earlier, with the subsequent onset of diabetic retinopathy just that much earlier, too. And where the disease occurs in young children of a family, the time span for the onset of both the disease and blind- ness from diabetic retinopathy is re- duced even more dramatically. With trabecular adults, diabetic retinopathy may not meshwarK: surface for some 20 to 30 years after incurring diabetes. With children, anterior chamber diabetic retinopathy can occur as early as 10 years after they become diabetics. Should a patient be given a diag- nosis of diabetic retinopathy pro- liferans, blindness, how will he or she face it? Cutaway of eye. In 1968, a young nurse just out of drawing Shading shows area affected by diabetic retinopathy college and working at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston found out of suicide is not excluded. In fact, it's research is the Eye Research Insti- that she had the disease and it would been estimated that some 99 out of tute of Retina Foundation, a pri- result in blindness for her. She had 100 persons in this situation have vately funded institution located in had diabetes since she was eight contemplated suicide. Boston. years old. This stage is followed by furious, Staff members and doctors there By 1970 that young woman had severe anger. While hardest on those expressed the view that blindness had to relinquish her post at the close to you, this young nurse feels had formerly been something of a hospital due to vision loss and begin that it's a healthy stage because it taboo subject, stemming from man- to come to terms with her disability. reflects the patient's desire to regain kind's tendency to react to things it Today, she is back nursing, this time control over life. fears by ignoring them, putting them as a psychiatric nurse-clinician. She As for what a patient must face out of mind so to speak. Since blind- counsels blind and partially sighted in making a readjustment as a blind ness is man's second greatest psycho- persons, most of whom are them- person? Elements of grief, revalua- logical fear, for years it was almost selves diabetics. tion, conflict between independence never discussed. In the intervening years, in the and dependence, stigma, communica- If you think about your own ex- process of finding herself, she has, tion without visual cues and identity periences, you'll probably realize the through her work and writings, been integration are just some of the accuracy of this theory. How often able to put down on paper the feel- things that this young woman warns has someone said: "So and so is ings of those who face blindness her patients she had to cope with blind." Isn't such an utterance fol- from this disease. and they will have to cope with, too. lowed by murmurs of sympathy and According to her account, persons Faced then with the fact of dia- a quick change of subject? No who know they will go blind pass betic retinopathy's spurt, what is the whens, whys or hows? Just an in- through several stages. The first in- medical world doing about it? tense desire on everyone's part to cludes grief, shock and denial. Denial It happens that it already has been blot out the subject. is particularly strong, to the point doing a lot, and with blindness "out Fortunately, some scientists perse- where the possibility of oncoming, of the closet" so to speak, it hopes to vered. Today, eye research and the inevitable blindness is completely re- be able to do a great deal more. subject of the causes of blindness jected. When the disability finally One institution that devotes its ef- and hopefully its cure or prevention has progressed to the stage where forts exclusively to eye research and —are not only discussed but have you are declared legally blind but to training physicians and scientists gained an increased degree of na- can still see a little, anger and de- in the latest techniques and develop- tional support and an improved pression overtake you, and the idea ments in eye treatment, surgery and status in our medical schools. Many more doctors and research scientists HHH™" now are choosing this field for spe- cialization. America has 1.5 million persons who are visually impaired to the point of being unable to read even TTTMp™ with glasses, about 400,000 of whom qualify as legally blind, and of that legally blind number, 48,000 are blind from diabetic retinopathy.

Cutting instrument of the vitreous nibbler. Ten centimeter ruler points up its tiny size While retina deterioration is not a

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 17 —

than to remove the big problem nationwide, it is a large country that are participating in the rather having part of the cause of blindness. NEI-funded study are located in eye lens. The tiny forceps can hold According to doctors at the Eye Baltimore; Boston; Madison, WI; the eye membrane stationary while Research Institute of Retina Foun- Miami; Minneapolis; Chicago; Los preparation is made to cut it with de- dation, about 38 per cent of cases of Angeles; Puerto Rico; Albany, NY; the tiny scissors. Prior to the blindness are due to retina malfunc- Iowa City, IA; Philadelphia; Salt velopment of these instruments it difficult, if not impossible, to tions. This is one reason why the Lake City; Seattle, and Detroil. was be- Institute has concentrated its efforts Patients in the NEI study were se- perform such delicate surgery inability to hold the so heavily in this area. The federal lected according to the stage of dia- cause of the government's National Eye Institute betic retinopathy deterioration. Both membrane immobile. Now, with this to be new method, there is a greater possi- is funding a 10-year study on the of the patient's eyes had bility reattaching detached ret- effects of treatment for diabetic ret- equally suitable for treatment. One of of standard retina inopathy. (The Institute is part of eye was selected at random for treat- inas by means the National Institutes of Health of ment by either the xenon arc or the surgery. for the minute balloons, it is the U. S. Dept. of Health, Education argon laser. As and Welfare.) IMPORTANCE OF THE EYE IN possible that one day this miniatur- The NEI study involves over 1,700 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ized development may be used to medication localized parts patients at 16 medical centers across Scientists at the Eye Research In- bring to releasing the medicine the country. Data from this study stitute of Retina Foundation (not of the body, basis, thus elimi- indicates that photocoagulation one of the 16 centers engaged in the on a time-capsule present necessity of intro- treatment of the retina with intense NEI study) point out that the value nating the medication to the body via beams of finely focused light—sub- of the eye as a research area for ducing stream. the Eye Re- stantially reduces the risk of blind- evaluating the general health of the the blood At Institute of Retina Founda- ness at certain defined stages of body has never been sufficiently search sense tion such a study is being conducted diabetic retinopathy. It is hoped that stressed. The eye in a very real right now, looking at the absorbent the results of this study will help is a window to the human body be- of plastic and at how some 300,000 Americans who pres- cause retina tissue has all the com- properties plastic could be placed in ently have such severe diabetic ret- ponents of brain tissue. When you medicated provide inopathy that they could become look into the human eye you are a specific area of the body to time-released dosages of victims of blindness. (Nationwide, observing living brain tissue. The just such medicine. there are thought to be 10 million blood vessels in the eye show the Charles Americans with diabetes. About half workings of the body's cardiovascu- When its founder, Dr. Schepens, began the Institute 25 of them are not even aware they are lar system. The eye, the Boston doc- ago, of his goals was to victims of this disease, whose cause tors point out, is the one part of the years one hence give special attention to a marriage is unknown.) body without a skin covering, and instrumentation, In photocoagulation either a green it is the one part of the body where of research convinced that only with both would argon laser or white xenon arc light tissue and blood vessels can be ob- their normal it be possible to achieve optimum is directed into the eye and focused served carrying out operating conditions for repairing on the retina in an effort to destroy functions. eyes. That is still one of the or weld together the multiplying In studying eye tissue, the oppor- damaged chief goals, but now it new blood vessels. The light seals off tunity arises to use medical knowl- Institute's also has another: making the public or may even destroy hemorrhaging edge obtained from it in other aware of blindness and less blood vessels, as well as destroying disciplines. Doctors hope that one more of it. Only then, doctors there diseased retinal tissue which may day eye research will produce major afraid will there be a favorable climate cause new vessels to grow. There may advances in treating ailments as di- say, retardation, for correcting and preventing blind- be side effects, however. Some pa- verse as cancer, mental ness. tients suffer a loss of peripheral emotional disorders, surgery substi- stipulation the Institute vision and a reduction in the sharp- tutes, glandular functions, neuro- The one is that it strongly encourages ness of their vision. Nor does the chemical imbalances and hereditary makes Fellow- process work 100 per cent of the diseases. those who accept Clinical ships to return to their own coun- time; yet it is considered a great SIDE BENEFITS OF RESEARCH on breakthrough. Where eye research is concerned, tries to work and teach and go Over the last 15 The long-term effects of these it is not an exaggeration to say that with eye research. years, representatives of some 40 or treatments are still being studied. science is involved with a Lilliputian The NEI 10-year study hopes to world. Everything that must be de- 50 countries have participated in the Institute's special courses of study. determine if this method is the ap- veloped for treating the eye has to be patients propriate treatment for diabetic ret- minute in size. Some of the "tiny" To date, about 25,000 doctors inopathy. Some patients treated technical developments from eye re- have been treated or seen by with the xenon arc or argon laser search may have potential value for affiliated with the Institute. have shown great improvement, but treatment of other diseases. Among INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT rub- the instruments used in not all, and in certain cases the con- them: 10mm by 15mm silicone Among surgery is one that dition has deteriorated after treat- ber balloons; plastic "collar button" eye research and the ment. But because patients facing devices; a minute scissors, so small was developed by Dr. Schepens, ophthalmoscope. This vision loss are willing to try almost it is dwarfed by a dime, and an photographic great break- anything, and because doctors are equally small forceps. The scissors' instrument provided a allowing equally determined to try to aid blades are less than a quarter inch through in eye surgery by total eye while their patients, use of the photo- in length and the shaft is reduced to the doctor to see the coagulation technique has been the width of a match stick. operating. advance, a fundus gaining. This realization in part Making use of this forceps and Another great ophthal- prompted the study. scissors, doctors now can enter the camera, with a wide-angle page The 16 medical centers across the eye via a small cut in the white, (Continued on 39)

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 P/ Jyt 'Beautiful Dreamer' painting by Howard Chandler Christy Riverboat adds romantic touch to Stephen Foster Memorial recalls famous Foster melody

SSTWTay Down Upon the Swan- top of a 200-ft. carillon tower of 97 joyed. It moves sluggishly in the VV nee". . . . bells, the world's largest set of tubu- waters that flow from Georgia's Oke- You've heard the song, but have lar bells. A tiny museum houses the fenokee Swamp to the Gulf of you seen the river? desk at which Foster composed sev- Mexico, past miles of moss-draped Stephen Collins Foster didn't, eral of his works, as well as a piano cypress. though he wrote "Way Down Upon he was to have played, and some Walt Whitman observed "America other relics and music of his times. is a nation among nations," and A film is shown of Foster's life. after a visit to the memorial you will Women gowned in period dresses act have a greater appreciation for Off The Highway as guides and hostesses. Eight di- Foster's place in the world of music. oramas illustrate some of Foster's most popular songs. (He wrote over Admission to the park: de Swannee Ribber." It was pub- 200 pieces of music and sold some of $1.50 for adults lished October 1, 1851, under the them for as little as $15.) 25 0 children original title "Old Folks at Home." One diorama depicts "Jeannie with Suwannee Boat Ride The state of Florida pays tribute Light Brown Hair," written for his 500 for adults to this famous minstrel with the Ste- wife, Jane McDowell Foster. 350 for children phen Foster Memorial on the Su- The 250-acre park is a quiet re- No charge for museum or tower wannee (that's right, Foster was treat that offers picnic tables and visit. wrong) at White Springs. It's lo- a small dining room and kitchen No charge for admission to Old cated three miles from 1-75 on U. S. named for Nellie Bly, an attractive, Memories Shop (Antique Shop). 41 and State Route 136. daring young lady who inspired a Hours are 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. The tonic-colored Suwannee rip- Foster song. For more details write: ples, twists and meanders like a soul The park also offers a ride on a Stephen Foster Memorial following the music of the pipers and boat much like the flat-bottom pad- P. O. Box 265 Foster's music rings out from the dle-wheelers Foster knew and en- White Springs, FL 32096

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 19 —- ©mm Ute^r

American Pilots Who Flew With RAF Journey Back 36 Years to Britain

By VERN HAUGLAND former Air Force Maj. Edith Spohn of Shabbona, IL, were standing at From late 1940 through most Trafalgar Square when an elderly of 1941, before Pearl Harbor couple, noting his Eagle badge, in- plunged the United States into World troduced themselves. A taxi driver War II, a colorful band of young stopped and insisted on giving them Americans were heroes of an embat- a newspaper with a story about the tled England and the toast of Lon- Eagles' visit. don. They were the 300 members of Retired Col. Reade Tilley, a Malta the three American Eagle fighter ace who divides his residence among squadrons of the , Colorado Springs, CO, Clearwater, hailed for their courage as volun- FL, and Highlands, NC, encountered teers in the air war against Hitler's a cab driver who refused to accept Luftwaffe. a fare. When Tilley asked why, the A few weeks ago, a handful of the man replied, "You already paid. You 150 surviving Eagles went back to were an Eagle." London for the first overseas reunion The RAF established its first of the Eagle Association. American Eagle squadron, No. 71, at The British had not forgotten. News- Church Fenton, 170 miles north of paper, radio and television interviews London, September 19, 1940. A blossomed. Everyone in London— wealthy American businessman liv- cabbies, porters, waiters, bartenders, ing in London, , had clerks, people on the streets—seemed proposed that such a unit be created to know that the Eagles were in and that his uncle, Col. Charles town, camped in one of their favorite Sweeny of Salt Lake City, be made wartime hangouts, the Strand Palace honorary commander. The colonel Hotel. Everyone was familiar with was a soldier of fortune who had the story of the Eagles ; with the fact served with the French Foreign Le- that the Americans in their British gion in World War 1. Hurricanes and Spitfires had shot The first American leader of 71 down more than 70 enemy aircraft; Squadron, W. E. G. (Bill) Taylor, a that more than 40 Eagles lost their retired Navy captain and a former lives in combat ; that about 60 others Washington, DC, vice president of died in Britain in accidents, plane Scandinavian Airlines System, came crashes, or German bombing and to the reunion from his home near strafing attacks, and that 22 Eagles Athens, Greece. became prisoners of war. So did the 71 Squadron's second Middle-aged and older Britons re- American commander, Chesley G. membered the missions of the Eagles Peterson of Santaquin, UT, and and the other RAF fighter pilots Salmon, ID. He led the unit on its the bold interception of German first combat missions and remained fighters and bombers trying to at- in charge until all three Eagle squad- tack British targets. rons were transferred at Debden, They recalled how the Yank vol- September 29, 1942, into the U. S. unteers joined other RAF squadrons . Peterson, credited in attacks on German battleships with nine enemy aircraft destroyed, fleeing through the retired from the U.S. Air Force as a in February 1942, and in helping beat major general. He lives at Ogden, back enemy counterattacks on Brit- UT, and he will host the 1977 Eagles' ish naval and Canadian Commando reunion at nearby Hill Air Force forces during the Aug. 19, 1942, raid Base. on Dieppe, France. Peterson was accompanied to the Eagle ace E. Dale (Jessie) Taylor, reunion by his wife, the former Aud- San Clemente, CA, and his wife, rey Boyes of Capetown, South Afri- Top: Duke of Edinburgh (right), husband of Queen Elizabeth tachioed Andy Mamedoff of Thompson, CT.— in 1939 photo. II, greets Eagle Squadron veterans during recent England visit. Within a year all three died in action. Lower right: Duke of Lower left: The first Americans to become Eagles—Gene Tobin, Kent at 121 Eagle Sqdn. at Eglinton, Northern Ireland in Hollywood studio guide (in cockpit); Vernon Charles Keough, 1942, with Tommy Allen, Louisburg, NC, and Jackson Barrett Brooklyn parachute jumper (leaning against plane) and mus- (Barry) Mahon, Santa Barbara, CA. Allen died in action. ca, whom he wooed and won while Wilma; G. C. (Danny) Daniel, Tulsa, sage said. "We who return today do he was an Eagle and she was an OK, who is Osage Indian and credited so not only to honor them but to actress on the London stage. with destroying five enemy aircraft, remind Englishmen and Americans Others at the reunion included: M. and Vernon (Shine) Parker, Floyda- alike of the bond which, in time of E. Jackson, South Pasadena, CA, a da, TX, photo shop owner. crisis, unites our peoples in common survivor of the most ill-fated of all H. L. (Bert) Stewart, Redondo purpose and resolve." Eagle missions, and his wife, Betty. Beach, CA, was accompanied to the The letter also expressed the ap- On its final mission September 26, reunion by the former Australian preciation of the people of the United 1942, 133 Squadron lost all 12 planes. newspaperwoman, Elaine Howells, States for the Queen's Bicentennial William R. Dunn, Colorado Springs, whom he married when he was an visit to America. author and artist, is generally cred- Eagle and she was a London reporter The Queen replied: ited with becoming the first Ameri- for the Sydney Daily Mirror. "Her Majesty recalls with pride can ace of the war. He was there Richard L. (Dixie) Alexander, Pi- and gratitude the contribution made with his wife Evelyn. per City, IL, led the Eagles' return in the early 1940's by your compa-

James A. Gray, San Francisco- to England as president of their as- triots who came to England . . . based United Airlines pilot, and his sociation. At Kemble, he identified a "The Queen's own recent visit to wife, Shirley ; Michael Miluck, Genoa, Spitfire he flew during the Dieppe the United States of America has NV, television script writer, and wife, operation. reminded her forcibly of those bonds Nancy; L. F. (Bob) Reed, Plainview, Several of the Eagles were intro- which you mention and which pal- TX, and wife Inell; Harold H. Strick- duced to Prince Philip at a luncheon pably remain between Britain and land, Washington, DC, former fed- at the Farnborough Air Show. the United States." eral airways specialist, and novelist Alexander carried with him to The author: Vern Haugland was wife, Pat; Don A. Young, New Or- London, for the Queen, a hand-let- aviation editor of the Associated leans-based Delta Airlines pilot, and tered message of "warm and friendly Press for 21 years until his retire- wife, Shirley; Barry Mahon, North greetings of a group of Americans ment in 1973. The Eagle Squadron Miami, FL, former long-time busi- who have a very special feeling in Association has elected him its ness associate of actor Errol Flynn, their hearts for England." first honorary member, in recog- and wife, Clelle; F. D. (Snuffy) "Some of us were destined to re- nition of his soon-to-be 'published Smith, Kingsville, TX, and wife, main in England forever," the mes- history of the .

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 21 .

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO & CON Should We Have A

The question is not whether the 58 nuclear power strated by a Government plants already licensed to operate should be Accounting Office report closed. indicating that tens of Rather it is whether the acknowledged dangers tons of plutonium and inherent in nuclear fission do not justify a pause weapons-grade enriched at this time to study and evaluate the potential uranium cannot be ac- hazards to our society of a full nuclear economy counted for by 34 pro- from which, once committed, there will be no cessing plants. return. In addition to the po- For this reason, I and my colleague Congressman tentially catastrophic Ned Pattison (NY) introduced the Nuclear Energy consequences of a major Reappraisal Act in the 94th Congress. This proposes reactor accident, and the Rep. Hamilton Fish, Jr. a five-year moratorium on the licensing and con- need to protect plants (R-NY) struction of new nuclear power plants to give time from terrorist attack, to study reactor safety, radioactive waste disposal, there is also the unsolved problem of safe storage risk of sabotage and national defense. for radioactive waste materials for literally cen- By common agreement, nuclear power, is the most turies to come. While the Nuclear Regulatory Com- dangerous technology to ever find widespread com- mission believes it has the technology to store such mercial use. Yet it is becoming apparent that our waste, the practicality of this technology and its nation's nuclear power development has already safety remain undemonstrated. moved ahead of our research to identify and deal Also unresolved is the question of nuclear pro- with the safety hazards of large nuclear plants. liferation abroad. The possession of a civilian power For example, each of the plants now being built plant can start a country down the road to nuclear contains during each year of operation as much weapons, whether the country intended such use radioactivity as about 1,000 Hiroshima-size atomic when it received the plant or not. weapons. This includes some 400 lbs. of highly toxic A five-year moratorium on further licensing and plutonium, 13 lbs. of which will make an atom construction of new nuclear power plants will allow bomb. not only time to study and evaluate the many haz- When it is understood that industry projections ards of this power source, but will give the Ameri- indicate that as many as 1,000 nuclear power plants can people time to determine whether the long-run could be on line producing an estimated 25.7 per costs of nuclear power may not be too high for our cent of our gross energy needs by the year 2,000, society to bear. the dimensions of the problem of accounting for, processing and storing the vast amounts of nuclear materials which will be needed comes into clearer focus. That this concern is real was recently demon- /A h

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 Moratorium On Nuclear Power Plants? "NO" kk o!" No other sin- storage will not be a problem, since nuclear waste gle N government is reduced to the toxicity of uranium ore after a policy could be more few hundred years, and there's a possibility new self-defeating than clos- technology may greatly reduce this time period. ing off a major energy Catastrophic accidents, and their probable conse- source during this criti- quences to the public, have been exhaustively ex- cal time of energy short- plored in the Rasmussen Report, contracted by the age. Atomic Energy Commission. This report compared Nuclear energy and risks associated with the 100 nuclear plants, ex- coal are the only two pected to be operating by the 1980's, with other available alternatives to man-made and natural phenomena. Calculations our ever-increasing re- showed that Sen. Paul J. Fannin non-nuclear events are 10,000 times liance on foreign oil for (R-AZ) more likely to produce large accidents than nuclear the present, while we are plants. The estimated health effects caused by nu- working towards the development of inexhaustible clear accidents were determined to be undetectable resource technologies for future needs. among the normal incidence of cancers and genetic But, coal mining and power production are chal- injuries. Certainly, the industry's record thus far lenged by environmental, health and safety consid- has been exemplary. erations. Geo-thermal, tidal and windpower are I support the trend away from measuring the limited to specific locations. Even solar energy use, standard of living completely by consumption for which I hold great hope, is yet too expensive to levels; but the present anti-nuclear sentiment seems replace traditional systems by high percentages, and to emanate more from emotionalism against an we are becoming bogged down in strip mining and unknown entity, than from a careful analysis of clean air regulations. Even if there were no energy the facts. Now is certainly not the time for a mora- crisis or shortage of fossil fuels, nuclear energy torium on nuclear power plants. would be desirable. However, two major concerns are waste storage and possibility of accidents. The storage problem of toxic nuclear waste remains unsettled. But the En- ergy Research and Development Administration is still testing various disposal methods. One such method, embedding waste in salt formations, seems safest. This occurred naturally in Africa where the waste materials from a natural fusion reaction that took place two billion years ago were accidentally I ve read in The American Legion Magazine for I but Decern- safely encased in an underground salt dome. So, ber the arguments in PRO & CON: "Should We Have A Moratorium On Nuclear if we find similar geologically secure salt domes, Power Plants?" IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED ADDRESS issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. * TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 23 Towers of Washington Cathedral rise to dominate national capital skyline Born in the mind of George ington Monument for the attention Roosevelt laid the cornerstone in Washington in the 1790's, re- of airline visitors. The church is 1907, visitors and writers have tried vived by Protestant laymen a cen- visible almost 15 miles away from to compare the cross-shaped cathe- tury later, chartered by Congress in the tops of some of Virginia's roll- dral with the splendid Gothic edi- 1893, begun in 1907, Washington's ing hills. fices that dot Britain and Europe. Cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Completion of the nave in the The church probably resembles Can- Paul is still a decade or more from Bicentennial year was literally a vic- terbury Cathedral more than any completion. tory against time. Built by hand in other, but its builders insist it is truly But the Bicentennial year has been the tradition of Europe's ancient a "20th Century Gothic" despite a a milestone in the evolution of the cathedrals, the Washington Cathe- 14th century design. The only real sixth largest church in the world. dral has been plagued by a growing difference in basic construction, how- The main nave of the cathedral, the shortage of artisans—stonecutters, ever, has been the provision for elec- 246-foot long central area of the woodcarvers, etc. Many have been tric lights and radiant heating. Gothic-style Episcopal church, has imported from Europe, but even Why has it taken so long to build ? been completed and crowned with a there old skills are disappearing. For one thing, work has been stained-glass window 26 feet in di- Built laboriously from Indiana approved only as contributions be- ameter that is regarded as the finest limestone and marble, the church came available. For another, haste work of its kind in the United States. stands as a tribute to fast-fading has never been a consideration. Experts have likened the abstract arts. Huge blocks of stone are In a set of 1912 building orders, art work to the great windows of chiseled and carved by hand. Intri- the Rt. Rev. Henry Yates Satterlee, medieval cathedrals at Saint-Denis, cate woodwork reflects crafts almost first Episcopal bishop of Washing- Sainte-Chappelle and Chartres. forgotten. The $250,000 array of ton, said the goal was "to do a thing This Christmas season the lights bells that will peal out this Bicen- perfectly, and to do it for God." from thousands of candles will dance tennial Christmas were cast in Brit- Engineers at the National Bureau through the huge nave and glitter ain. No American firm could meet of Standards have calculated that from the stained-glass window to the order. The largest of the 53 bells the church will stand for 2,000 years create what one churchgoer calls weighs ten tons. without major repair. "George Washington's Christmas Some of the stonecutters who have Construction to date has cost ap- gift to his nation." been imported to work on the cathe- proximately $35-$40 million. An esti- Rising from St. Alban's Hill, the dral are direct descendants of men mated $10 million to $15 million will highest spot in the District of who worked on some of Europe's complete the project. The twin Columbia, the cathedral's spires stab great churches. towers, the last major exterior proj- the skyline and challenge the Wash- Ever since President Theodore ect, are to be completed by 1980.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 The twin towers will each rise 230 feet. The central "Gloria in Excelsis" tower was finished in 1964. The top of the central tower is the highest point in Washington, 676 feet above sea level, 80 feet higher than the Washington Monument. Each bay and cornice inside the cathedral seems to highlight a point of American history. A statue of George Washington recalls the first president who expressed the hope that the highest hill in the new capital city would become the site for "a church for all Americans." A still-to-be completed bay will feature a statue of Abraham Lincoln and a stained-glass window that will depict highlights from his life. Presi- dent Woodrow Wilson is one of the many prominent Americans buried in the cathedral. Wilson's grandson, the Very Rev. Francis B. Sayre, Jr., now serves as dean of the cathedral. A special porch honors Sir Winston Churchill. A bay honors Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jack- son; another is a memorial to Andrew Mellon, steel tycoon and philanthropist. Folger Bay features windows with scenes from the Lewis and Clark Expedition. A "space" window is dedicated to the achieve- ments of America's astronauts and a moon rock, brought back by the crew of Apollo Eleven, will be incor- porated into the window. One of the most-visited sections of the church is the War Memorial Chapel. An altar of Tennessee marble, given by a mother in thanks for her son's safe return from World War II, is backed by a stained-glass win- dow that includes scenes from the battles of Iwo Jima and Midway. The dominant figure is Christ, flanked by a mother and a soldier. Other scenes depict the sinking of the troopship Dorchester in World War II when four chaplains from four different faiths died; an American military cemetery, a paratroop landing and an amphibious landing. Gloria in Excelsis tower offers inspiring winter vista The War Memorial Chapel also includes a silver cross and candle- last summer during the British Russian Orthodox communities. sticks given by King George VI in royal couple's Bicentennial visit to Four thousand attended an 11 a.m. appreciation for the haven America Washington. Elizabeth and Philip service last Easter Sunday and gave British refugees during World also visited the cathedral during a thousands each year attend the War it. The needlepoint altar cush- 1957 visit. Christmas Eve and Christmas Day ions and kneelers were worked by Although the church is the seat of rituals that are televised nationally. British women, including the Queen the Episcopal bishop of Washington, Dean Sayre, sometimes inviting Mother. it has been interdenominational. Vir- controversy, has opened the cathe- The cathedral's ties to the Church tually every major faith has held dral to a variety of contemporary of England are many. Stone from services in the cathedral. More than artists and speakers, including many Canterbury Cathedral and Glaston- 2,500 Lutherans recently attended of pronounced liberal viewpoints. bury Abbey is built into the struc- Reformation Sunday rites to honor The late Rev. Martin Luther King, ture. Queen Elizabeth and Prince Martin Luther. At various times the Jr., preached at the cathedral. The Philip joined President and Mrs. cathedral has been home to Wash- cast of the musical "Godspell" per- Ford at special dedication services ington's Jewish, Greek Orthodox and formed at a Sunday service. Leonard

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 25 —

Modern dance program in cathedral reflects its varied activities Intricate ceiling fluting reveals centuries-old building techniques

Bernstein once conducted Haydn's has been in charge of construction will never have a symbol . . . "Mass in Time of War." Modern since the cornerstone was laid. "There'll be no order left without dance groups have been encouraged Construction costs are currently symbols. estimated at "more than one million don't happens to to perform. "We know what dollars a year." Annual operating steel in 500 years, but we do know The Protestant Episcopal Cathe- costs are estimated at $250,000. about masonry. (The cathedral) is a dral Foundation was organized in A few years ago, in an interview, symbol of God's eternity and should Washington in 1891. It was granted Dean Sayre was asked if it was ap- be the most durable thing that man a charter by Congress two years propriate to sink huge sums into a can create." later. (President Benjamin Harrison lavish facsimile of a 14th century It took about 120 years to build signed it.) The 57-acre Mount Saint cathedral when 20th century social Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris; 70 Alban's site was purchased in 1898. needs were so great. to 80 years to build Canterbury Five schools now share the land with "It's too easy to say, 'Our social Cathedral. At age Washington's the cathedral. 69, problems are so great,' " he replied. Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul The Bethlehem chapel, one of "If we wait until all is well before seems to be rising right on sched- seven, was the first to be completed. we have a symbol of our life, we ule. G. M. Lowe. Services were held there in 1912. At least one public service has been held in the church every day since D-Day Fellowship Intelligence Group then. This year an estimated million Applications for membership in the Former members of government people visited the church. More than D-Day and Normandy Fellowship intelligence agencies, alarmed by at- 2,000 services were scheduled. are being accepted by Cmdr. A. D. tacks on this aspect of national The preliminary designs for the Gilbert, RN (Ret), of St. John's Cot- defense, have formed a national edu- huge church were drawn by Dr. tage, Shedfield, Southampton, En- cational organization known as The George F. Bodley of London and gland, S03, 2HY. Eligible are men Association of Retired Intelligence Henry Vaughan of Boston. Between and women who served in the allied Officers. Address is PO Box 34320, 1917 and 1972, the formative years, armed forces and merchant marine Bethesda, MD, 20034. Retired mili- the late Philip H. Frohman of during the D-Day and subsequent tary intelligence officers, CIA and Boston served as architect. The Normandy operations during World FBI agents and civilians involved in George A. Fuller Co. of New York War II. the intelligence field are eligible.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 : . : .:

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

DECEMBER, 1976

CURRENT GI BILL ALREADY HAS COST MORE cent above the base month for CPI of December, THAN TWO PREVIOUS BILLS COMBINED: More 1975... Under newly enacted law, automatic than $20 billion has already been paid to cost-of-living adjustments in federal re- 6.6 million veteran trainees since current tiree annuities will occur on fixed dates

GI Bill was enacted in 1966. . .Veterans twice a year, but will not include an extra Administration says total cost of World War one per cent add-on as in past .. .Future II GI Bill was $14.5 billion, while Korean raises will be based on half-yearly increase Conflict GI Bill cost $4.5 billion — Bene- in CPI, determined by the Labor Department. . fits under current GI Bill will continue The index rise for the six month period, through 1989, but earning eligibility ends Jan. -June 1977, will be basis for raise at end of 1976 under recent legislation... effective Sept. 1, which will be mailed Oct. Almost 64 per cent of eligible Vietnam-era l...The July-Dec. 1977 CPI increase will veterans received some form of training bring raise effective March 1, 1978... The under current GI Bill ... Slightly over half coming estimated 5 per cent raise will be those eligible under World War II enrolled, included in April 1 checks. while only 43.4 per cent of eligible Korean Conflict veterans participated. LEGION BASEBALL WORLD SERIES MOVED TO

MANCHESTER, NH : RICK MONDAY HONORED: PUERTO RICAN IS LEGIONNAIRE OF MONTH: Legion's 1977 World Series of Baseball has Frank Navarro Larrauri, past commander of been moved from , CA, to Man- The American Legion, chester, NH, site of 1976 Series .. .Post 79 Department of Puerto will again serve as host... Rick Monday,

Rico (1964) , has been 30-year-old Chicago Cubs outfielder, has selected "Legionnaire of been named 1976 American Legion Baseball

the Month" for December Graduate of Year. . .Monday played Legion ...An ex-Army sergeant baseball for Post 123, Santa Monica, CA, who served in Korea, winner of 1976 World Series... He was cited Frank has been a Legion- for his rescue of an American Flag from naire since 1951... He radicals trying to burn it at Dodger Stadium is a life member of Post in Los Angeles. 81, Hato Rey and held the

positions of commander, VETERANS ' JOB RIGHTS BOOKLETS AVAILABLE adjutant, public rela- FROM LABOR DEPARTMENT Booklets explaining tions officer and his- veterans' job rights and outlining affirma- torian at the local tive action and equal employment oppor- level. He also has tunities for veterans are available free served as department from the U.S. Department of Labor... For full Frank Larrauri service of ficer. . .Frank details contact U.S. Department of Labor, writes on Legion and veteran affairs in the Office of Information, Wash., D.C. 20210... local papers "El Mundo" and "El Imparcial." Call (202) 523-7316. He founded and is now director of "Veterans Affairs," a newspaper for Puerto Rican Vets. SOME VA INSURANCE POLICY PREMIUMS REDUCED Effective Oct. 1, premiums were reduced on SOME VETERANS ELIGIBLE FOR EXTRA National Service Life Insurance policies BENEFITS UNDER GI BILL: Veterans needing with prefixes "J" or "JR" by the Veterans financial help to continue full-time study Administration. . .Policyholders with "J" under GI Bill may be eligible for increased got reduction of about $32 a year, while benefits under its work-study program, those with "JR" got decrease of about $81

Veterans Administration says... Those a year. . .Some 180,000 were affected. eligible may earn up to $625 per semester by working maximum 250 hours for VA under its LEGAL DICTIONARY FOR DEAF: An unusual program. .. Selected veterans can hold part- dictionary for legal interpreting for the time jobs with VA while taking schooling... deaf has been developed with funding from the Those interested should contact VA regional Law Enforcement Assistance Administration office which maintains their records. of the Department of Justice .. .When final- ized, Ameslan dictionary will contain 650 MARCH 1 FIVE PER CENT ANNUITY RAISE common sign-language signs for legal terms L IKELY FOR MILITARY, CIVIL SERVICE that are designed to further guarantee due RETIREES If the Consumer Price Index con- process of law for deaf persons charged with tinues to rise as expected, federal military crimes. . .In addition, two video tapes will and civil service retirees should get a 5 be produced, one aimed at law enforcement per cent raise in annuities in March, 1977. . officers, the other at the judiciary .. .An Amount of raise will be set by recorded CPI estimated 50,000 deaf persons are in the for December. . .This is expected to be 5 per U.S., with another million nearly deaf.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 27 Legion Leads Nation's Salute Veterans Day at Arlington

Flanked by Legionnaires carrying scores of flags, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld reminded a Veterans Day audience in Arlington National Cemetery that "700,000 Americans have died and more than 1,300,000 have been wounded" in wars in which the nation has been involved in its pur- suit of freedom. Representing the President, Rumsfeld first laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns, then addressed the tradi- tional 11 a.m. gathering in the amphi- theater adjacent to the tomb. The American Legion was host to the Bi- centennial year ceremony. Some 40 other veterans organizations partici- pated. Rumsfeld paid special tribute to the dead of 20th Century wars with added praise for the 30 million veterans still alive. "We honor heroes of today who by their service keep America strong," he Legion honor guard listens to Arlington Veterans Day speeches said. "Only through strength can a free people deter aggression." Legionnaires played key roles in the ceremony. A Maryland contingent car- ried the various versions of the Stars and Stripes that have flown since Revo- lutionary War days. National Com- mander William Rogers presented Rumsfeld to the audience; National Ad- jutant William Hauck was program coordinator. Father James C. Tuxbury, national chaplain, gave the invocation and benediction. A special Legion guest was actor William Conrad, better known to tele- vision fans as "Cannon." Conrad de- livered a stirring narration of "The Star-Spangled Banner." The program also featured Veterans Administrator Richard Roudebush and Deputy VA Administrator Odell Vaughn. Gen. George Brown, chair- man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, headed Wreath lies as lonely symbol at base of the active military contingent. Roudebush Vaughn Tomb of the Unknown Chaplains Drop Hymn The Defense Department is remov- ing Hymn No. 286, "It Was on a Fri- day Morning," from "The Book of Worship for United States Forces" at the request of the Rev. Charles William Hanko, Chaplain, Department of Pennsylvania, The American Legion. Hanko said in a letter to the White House that hymn in question "was blasphemous and detrimental to the honor and dignity of the men who have sacrificed, and were willing to sacrifice, their lives upon the Altar of Commander William Rogers watches as Defense Secy. Rumsfeld places Veterans Day wreath for President Ford Freedom."

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 COMMANDER'S HOMECOMING: Rcust cl Stmt tit Pea/i O&tMaim

Maine hospitality and home state pride came together in a Ray Mills, aide to Commander; President Norma Brown of gala autumn homecoming for National Commander William Idaho and Past President Lotys Schanel of Rhode Island rep- J. Rogers, first Maine man to head the American Legion. A resented Auxiliary; Sen. Edmund Muskie chats with National Peaks Island lobster and clam luncheon (center) highlighted Vice Commander Frank Kelly of Georgia and Mrs. Kelly; Com- a cruise of Portland harbor. More than a thousand friends, mander pins Legion button on Maine Gov. James Longley; including Maine's key political leaders, attended the home- Milt Pruder (IL) and Dale Kuhn, past Indiana department coming banquet. Camera glimpses (clockwise from upper commander, at Portland waterfront; Public Relations Commit- left): Commander Rogers signs autographs as his wife Connie tee members Frank Specht (DC) and Charles Sclafani (NY) looks on; Rogers with Rev. Bishop Edward O'Leary of Port- and Mrs. Specht enjoy harbor cruise. Gov. Longley, Sen. land; Federal Maritime Commissioner James V. Day who acted Muskie, Sen. William Hathaway and Maine's Congressmen, as banquet emcee; Fred G. Clough, honorary co-chairman; David Emery and William Cohen, participated in the salute.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 29 — POSTS IN ACTION

Roy Hammond, 84, left, and Walter E. Cooper, 78, both members of Post 212,

Cranford, NJ, still march at all memo- rial parades refusing to ride in official cars. Both are World War I veterans, saw action in the Argonne and are still active in post matters.

Polding, seated, committee chair- Col. West A. Hamilton, USA-Ret., Harry founder of the James E. Walker Post man for Cub Scout Pack 498, was named "Man of the Year" by Post 341, 26, Wash., DC, was feted by many Ambridge, his military and civilian friends at his PA, for many accom- recent 90th birthday party. Shown plishments in promoting scouting. Look- ing on, left right, William here with his wife, Col. Hamilton to are twice served as post commander and Ninehauser, institutional representative; Ambridge Mayor Walter Panek; and still gives the Legion active support. D'Ambrosio, post commander. He also served as a member of the Frank Post sponsors the pack. DC School Board among other civic responsibilities. r

Frank Scalise, left, Americanism Chair- man of Post 886, Queens, NY, shows Queens Borough President Donald R. Manes poster used in drive to get young- sters registered for religious training.

Cutting his 90th birthday cake with Miss Holly D. Holman, of Princeton Post 1276, Syracuse, NY, was presented distinguished guests is Louis S. Silvey, Junction, NJ, holds citation which ac- with National Legion Membership Ci- of Post 128, Mattapan, MA. Silvey has companied 1976 Bicentennial Scholar- tation for having achieved 100% or won George Washington Honor Medal ship Award check given by Post 76, more of its quota for 26 consecutive for advertising three times from Free- Princeton, NJ. Miss Holman is attend- years. Shown with award, left to right, doms Foundation. Shown, left to right, ing Rutgers College majoring in biolog- are Bob Boycheck, adjutant; Frank are former Speaker of the House John ical sciences. Making presentation is Weber, commander; and Joe Byrne, W. McCormack, Silvey, and Rep. James Dr. Henry J. Frank, post scholarship membership chairman, all of Post 1276. A. Burke, of Massachusetts. committee chairman.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 Seagram's Winners Matthew Daulerio, of Post 366, Phila., PA, and Rose E. Bauder, of Man O' War Auxiliary Unit, Lexington, KY, won new cars in the annual Sea- gram Posts Ford Awards drawings con- ducted at 58th National Convention of The American Legion held in Seattle, WA. NEW POSTS The following new posts were re- cently chartered by The American Legion: Del Rey Oaks Post 243, Del Rey Oaks, CA; Jim B. Robinson Post 768, Ocotillo Wells, CA; Wheat Ridge Post 152, Wheat Ridge, CO; North Tampa Post 334, North Tampa, FL; Isabel La The new National Visitor Center in made by Assistant Director Richard Catolica Post 292, Madrid, Spain Washington has been recommended as Stanton and Joseph Ronsisvalle of the (Maryland); Luzerne Post 162, Luzerne, a temporary home for the American National Capital Parks. President Ford MI; Michael Di Genno Memorial Post Bronx, Tri City Post Legion's Freedom Train replica of the recently signed a bill in which Congress 1889, NY; and Liberty Bell. The proposal has been accepted the bell for the nation and di- 242, Evergreen, NC. rected the Interior Department to select an appropriate site in the Wash- TAPS ington area. The National Visitor Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, PA, Center has become the hub of Wash- member of National Magazine Com- ington tourism. More than a million mission, (1972-76), member of National Activities persons toured its exhibits and facilities Membership & Post Commis- during the Bicentennial year. sion (1967-69), member of National Inter-American Commission (1960-64). T6.6 Million Trainees Since June 1944, more than 16.6 Rev. Joseph MacCarroll, D.D., 66, million persons have trained under one Hammonton, NJ, Past National Chap- Ronsisvalle of three GI Bills. lain (1955-56). FREE 1977 EMBLEM CATALOG

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 31 Department Commanders for 1 976-77

Each year, the 58 Departments of The American Legion elect a new commander for a one-year

Paul White George G. Sinopoli term. Elections normally are held Arkansas California in the late spring or summer. Shown on this page are new com- manders elected for the 1976-77 term. Italy's new commander was not available for this issue.

Milton A. Pilcher John N. Cardoulis Vinton Guy Leo M. Hindsley Frank A. Lucia Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. of Columbia

«4 Gallagher Dick Kaiser Brooks Harry Beagle Charles R. Aggen Linzy Eugene Corum James E. A. L. Ulchar, Sr. Spurgeon C. Boyd George W. Indiana Iowa Florida France Georgia Hawaii

Knepper Wagner F. Douglas Johnson Dominick Genetti Edward W. G. Wayne Icenogle Creswell Vance A. L. Pereira, Jr Maurice C. Massachusetts Mexico Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Hi

William L. Ray E. Demers, Sr. Edwin Malloy, Jr. Gerald Goetzinger Jorge Martinez Joseph V Adams Alejo S Santos W. Feliciano Ruiz John Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Panama Canal Zone Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode

Gribben John Schurrer David E. Nauman Sisco P. B. Phifer, Jr. James 0. Lang Jack T. C. G. McKinzie Ray Jensen Donald A. Wyoming Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Texas Utah Vermont Virginia The NEC also called for: Legislation making the death penalty mandatory for anyone convicted of as- sassination, or attempted assassination of the President or the Vice President of the U.S. Reestablishment of a U.S. Navy Spe- cial Service Squadron in the U.S. Canal Zone. A Veterans Administration alcohol and drug treatment and rehabilitation program.

Ten "Outstanding Handicapped Federal Employees" were honored by The American NEC Makes Appointments Legion at ceremonies held at U.S. Civil Service Commission, Wash., D.C. Flags which Several new appointments to national had flown over U.S. Capitol were presented to each. Shown at ceremonies, are, left, offices were approved by the Legion's Salvatore D'Amico, social worker at VA Hospital, Newington, CT; and, right, Charles National Executive Committee at its Groom, of Frankford Arsenal, Phila., PA, both handicapped veterans who received flags. In center is L. J. Andolsek, CSC Commissioner. fall meeting. They were: James P. Dean (MS) as chairman of National Internal Affairs Commission, succeeding John M. Carey (MI). Meets Steve Carver (NC) as chairman of NEC Activities New and Membership Post Com- Support for the Senate and House in any branch of the Armed Forces of mittee, succeeding William F. Gormley Veterans Affairs committees, endorse- the U.S. in either wartime or peacetime (PA), who assumed position of Na- ment of a national historic park on and who has a service-connected dis- tional Commander's representative to Guam to commemorate sacrifices of ability," and a "veteran of the Vietnam that committee. the U.S. armed forces in the Pacific Era" to be a person who "served on Dr. Jack W. Mears (NM), as chair- during World War II, and continued ef- active duty for the period of more than man of the new National Committee forts to have a "disabled veteran" and 180 days, any part of which occurred on Education. a "veteran of the Vietnam era" clearly during the Vietnam Era and was dis- John R. Mooradian (ME) as chair- defined by legislation, were among ma- charged or released therefrom with man of the Contests Supervisory Com- jor promises made by The American other than a dishonorable discharge." mittee, succeeding Deming Smith (SD). Legion's National Executive Commit- tee at its fall meeting in Indianapolis. Some 450 Legion, business and civic New National Executive Committeemen leaders heard Gen. Vernon A. Walters, The American Legion's National Executive USA-Ret., former deputy director of Committee consists of one elected member from the Central Intelligence Agency, at Na- each of the 58 Departments, plus the five Na- tional Commander William J. Rogers' tional Vice Commanders, the National Chaplain banquet. and the National Commander, who serves as "Our nation cannot afford to be a chairman. NECmen are elected for two-year blind and deaf giant," Walters said. "If terms. Shown here are 17 new Department Jf it does become that, the light of free- NECmen elected during 1976 conventions. Robert G. Blair Bernard L. Weddel dom will go out." He defended CIA's Alaska Cal ifornia "clandestine" intelligence, warning that enemies of the U.S. are taking advan- tage of the fact the U.S. must have moral justification for the CIA. A phony picture of the CIA has emerged from "selected editoralism," he said. He explained this meant emphasizing certain bits of information while ne- glecting other pieces of the whole story so as to present a different light or meaning on the total picture. A temporary Select Committee is studying the entire Senate Committee system. The NEC action calls for the Legion to petition the Temporary Com- mittee to include in its recommenda- tions a promise "to maintain the present David A. Wade Committee on Veterans Affairs, with Robert W. Lowry Arnold E. Swanson Arthur H. Euler James T. Wiggins Maryland Nebraska New York Ohio Panama Canal Zone all its present duties, powers, functions and responsibilities." The Legion also wants the current House Veterans Af- fairs Committee to remain the same. The NEC wants the Legion to seek legislation to define for purposes of Chapter 42, United States Code, a "dis- abled veteran" as "an honorably sepa- rated person who served on active duty Carlos Arguelles Joe F. Hudgens Robert P. Walsh Bud A. Mautz John A. Mokler Philippines Tennessee Texas Wisconsin Wyoming THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 33 - —

Life Insurance

Amount of Premium to Mail with your Enrollment HOW TO ENROLL Month Enrollment AMOUNTS TO BE REMITTED FOR: Received By Administrator 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit 1. Type or print required information on Enrollment January $132 $110 $88 $66 $44 $22 Form. Be sure to answer all questions and indicate the February 120 100 80 60 40 20 number of Units desired by checking appropriate box. March 108 90 72 54 36 18 2. See chart at left for amount of premium to send with April 96 80 64 48 32 16 your enrollment. Make check or money order payable to: May 84 70 56 42 28 14 The American Legion Life Insurance Plan. June 72 60 48 36 24 12 3. IF YOU LIVE IN FL., IL, NJ., NY., NC, OH., PR., TX., or

July 60 50 40 30 20 10 Wl. send for special Enrollment/Application form. Applications and benefits vary slightly in some areas. August 48 40 32 24 16 8 4. Mail the Enrollment and Premium to: The American September 36 30 24 18 12 6 Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, I L. October 24 20 16 12 8 4 60680. November 12 10 8 6 4 2 December 144 120 96 72 48 24 Application subject to Underwriter approval

NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION OF INFORMATION

Information regarding your Full Name -Birth Date- insurability will be treated as Last First Middle Mo. Day Year confidential that Occi- except Permanent Residence- dental Life Insurance Company Street No. City State Zip of California may make a brief Name of Beneficiary -Relationship- report to the Medical Informa- Example: Print 'Helen Louise Jones, ' Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" mation Bureau (M.I.B.), a non- profit membership organization Membership Card No. Year Post No State- of life insurance companies I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). which operates an information 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vz Unit exchange on behalf of its mem- bers. Upon request by another . The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this member insurance company to enrollment: Answer all questions. which you have applied for life or health insurance, or to which 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? - a claim is submitted, the M.I.B. Yes No If No, give reason — will supply such company with 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length the information it may have in of stay and cause - its files. 3. During the last five years, have you had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver dis- Occidental may also release ease, lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you had or received treatment or medication for high information in its file to its re- blood pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details.. . insurers and to other life in- surance companies to which you I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card may apply for life or health in- are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it surance, or to which a claim is under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may submitted. attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- Dated , 19 Applicant . .-. closure of any information it GMA-300-19 10-70 (Univ.) 1276 may have in your file. Medical The American Legion offers this insurance through Occidental Life Insurance Company of California. Home Office: Los Angeles information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi-

I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any cian. If you question the ac- practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- curacy of information in the physician, medical Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person having rection in accordance with the any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Occidental Life Insurance Company of procedures set forth in the Fed- California any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in-

19 Signature of Applicant . formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated , certificate is Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life Insurance. My present number 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 .

Valuable Life Insurance Protection . . American Legion

Official American Legion Life Insurance now offers up provide insurance coverage through December 31st. to $66,000 of valuable life insurance protection to The chart at right shows the amount of premium to qualified Legionnaires under age 30. A variety of benefit send with your enrollment. amounts (Units) may be selected to suit your family's benefit dependent upon age at needs with the exact LEGION INSURANCE PAYS IN ADDITION death. Cost per unit of insurance is $24 per year and Remember, your American Legion Life Insurance Plan does not increase with age. pays in addition to any other life insurance benefits; it is not meant to replace any existing coverage you have. It TO START YOUR PROTECTION — simply gives you extra protection without straining your MAIL YOUR ENROLLMENT NOW budget.

Your benefits will effective the first of the month be day WHO IS ELIGIBLE coinciding with or next following the date your enroll- Every Legionnaire in good standing, under the age of 70 ment card is approved by the Insurance Company, sub- and able to meet the underwriting requirements of the ject to payment of the required premium. Company can enroll for up to 6 Units. A LEGIONNAIRE The amount of your first year's premium depends on WHO ALREADY OWNS 1 UNIT MAY ENROLL FOR UP when your enrollment is received by the Administrator TO 5 UNITS OF ADDITIONAL COVERAGE. (1977 pre- and the number of units you select. Your initial pre- mium must be paid before applying for any additional mium is prorated at the rate of $2 per month per unit to coverage.)

HERE IS YOUR BENEFIT SCHEDULE Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-374) Benefit determined by age at death and includes the 10% special increase for deaths occuring during 1977. Maximum coverage under the Plan is limited to 6 Units.

6 UNITS 5 UNITS 4 UNITS 3 UNITS 2 UNITS Age at Death (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (TotaT Coverage (Total Coverage (TotaT Coverage (TolaWoverage During 1977) During 1977) During 1977) During 1977) During 1977) During 1977) Through age 29 $66,000 $55,000 $44,000 $33,000 $22,000 $11,000 30-34 52,800 44,000 ,35,200 26,400 17,600 8,800 35-44 29,700 24,750 19,800 14,850 9,900 4,950 45-54 14,520 12,100 9,680 7,260 4,840 2,420 55-59 7,920 6,600 5,280 3,960 2,640 1,320 60-64 5,280 4,400 3,520 2,640 1,760 880 65-69 3,300 2,750 2,200 1,650 1,100 550 70-74 2,178 1,815 1,452 1,089 726 363 75-Over 1,650 1,375 1,100 825 550 275

DEATH BENEFIT: When an insured Legionnaire dies, the beneficiary receives a lump sum payment once proof of death is received by the Insurance Company.

EXCLUSIONS: No benefit is payable for death as a result of war or any act of war, if death occurs while serving, or within six months after termination of service, in the military, naval or air forces of any country or combination of countries.

INCONTESTABILITY: Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has been in force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date.

EFFECTIVE DATE. Insurance becomes effective on the first day of the month coinciding with or next following the date the enrollment is received in the office of the Administrator, subject to Insurance Company approval. Insurance may be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

THE AMERJCAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 35 .

The Polish Connection' The Polish connection to the Virtus Forcior" (United Valor is cavalry charge against the British American Revolution has been Greater) at Savannah, GA, Oct. 9, 1779. bound anew with the discovery of a The banner was carried by the Pulaski's battle flag was obtained battle flag and its restoration by an Dragoon Legion of Casimir Pulaski by Capt. Paul Bentalou of Baltimore, American Legion Post in Baltimore. (1748-1779), the volunteer Polish pa- the Polish-American patriot's friend Two Polish patriots, Gen. Casimir triot, brigadier general and "Com- and captain of the first troop of Pulaski and Gen. Count Tadeusz mander of the Horse." Dragoons. Bentalou deposited the Kosciuszko, made major contribu- In April 1778, Pulaski opened a flag with a Baltimore (Peale) muse- tions to the American success story recruiting office in Baltimore to raise um in 1824, referring to it as "a relic beginning in 1776. The flag that Pu- an independent corps of horse and of the old days." In 1845, Edmund laski carried into battle during the light infantry. By July General Pu- Peale gave the flag to the Maryland Revolution had been languishing for laski reviewed his independent le- Historical Society. The flag was ap- untold years in the storeroom of a gion of three companies of horse and parently sewn by the Moravian Sis- Baltimore museum until it was found three of infantry. He was ordered ters of Bethlehem, PA. and restored this year by the Gen. by General George Washington to Now the scene switches to Phila- Joseph Haller Post 95. the southern theater of war in 1779 delphia on an early morning in May Polish-American names have been to defend Charleston, SC, and was 1798. A coach carrying the Vice ringing in the patriot's hall of Amer- later mortally wounded in a gallant (Continued on page ^2) ican fame ever since—World War I and II, Korea and Vietnam (not to mention on the football fields at Notre Dame and Fordham!). One of Poland's greatest leaders lies buried in Washington, waiting for the day he can rest in a free Poland. How did the story start? Let's begin with a description of the Pu- laski banner. On one side is seen 13 stars and a Latin motto: "Non Alius Regit" (No Other Governs) encircling an eye. The all-seeing eye "Whom the sun, moon and stars obey ..." The eye later was incorporated in the Great Seal of the United States. There are exploding grenades in the four cor- ners. On the other side the center motif "US" is the earliest docu- mented use of the monogram of the United States on a flag. Encircling "US" is the Latin motto: "Unita

Eye symbol and 13 stars featured on Baltimore's restored Pulaski banner .

Oklahoma Liberty Bell ing World War II is asked to contact Mrs. Eleanor Hoffman, 2613 Peconic Warren F. Dotson, 16 Richardson Avenue, Seaford, L.I., NY 11783, has Street, Rochester, NH 03867. A mu- group photo of 861st Ordinance Com- seum has been started to house such pany stationed at Tidworth, England in materials. 1942-43 which she will give to member

? ? ? of group requesting it. W. E. Dudley, service officer for ? ? ? Post 55, Las Vegas, NV 89101, wants to hear from anyone who can verify Bedridden paraplegic Korean War report that in 1918, a troop train mak- veteran wants old stamps for pastime ing its way west during the flu epi- of collecting and sorting. He is not a at Montello, to bury dealer nor Howard Shannon, left, Commander of demic stopped NV does he make profit or in- the American Legion's Department of some troops that had died of the disease come. Contact Raymond Leux, 27 Rob- Oklahoma, presented a 300-pound rep- while on the train. Story says they were bins Drive, East Williston, NY 11596. lica of America's Liberty Bell to Gov. buried in town cemetery and forgotten. He is member of Legion Post 144, David Boren as a Bicentennial gift from the Legion to the people of Oklahoma. Post wants to locate and mark graves. Williston.

Who? What? Where? For input to West Virginia Cultural An affordable Arts Center, Richard D. Harding, com- Florida mander of Post 30, Franklin, WV 26807, wants to hear from West Vir- retirement paradise ginia pilots who flew in the following aircraft: P-51B - P-47D - P-38J - F-6F - F-86-F - A-1H - OH-6A - Hu-IH - for Veterans. F-104 - A-4E - F-3G - F-4B-4 - P-12E - BF-2C-1 and possibly British MK-4 and and German BF-110-C - BF-109E - FW-109A - ME-262A and JU-87B. Pilots requested Veterans! You can now own a beautiful one family home (1, 2 or bedrooms) to give name, address, phone number, 3 including landscaped lot in VETERANS short personal history of service and VILLAGE, Florida's first community created for retiring vet- erans. *Prices range history of respective aircraft they flew from $17,490 to $27,290 with total monthly carrying charges as low as $159. And thanks with any mission of special interest. to the new Veterans Housing Act renewing full G.I. mortgage benefits for all ? ? ? quali- fied veterans, you pay NO cash down and closing The International Association of Fire NO fees. Located right in the heart of Florida's "Suncoast" (30 Fighters at its national convention miles from Tampa and 5 miles from the Gulf). The Seven Springs unanimously passed the following reso- Recreation Center is right on premises — pool, saunas, gym, lution: "Resolved, that each local meeting, game and hobby rooms. Membership is optional. Seven union be urged to pay tribute to the Springs Golf Course, four major shopping centers, Gulf beaches valiant Vietnam Veterans in their union and fishing are within a few miles. It's just an hour's drive to one publications during the month of No- of the nation's largest VA Hospitals. vember 1976, to coincide with Veterans What a golden opportunity to enjoy carefree, sunshine Day in our Bicentennial Year." It living starting right now! No need to touch your savings. Low, further resolved the tribute be paid to low monthly charges are easy on your retirement income. Have veterans of all wars. a fabulous Florida vacation for the rest of your life. Join other ? ? ? far-thinking veterans who are already living in Veterans Village Some 180 members of the 385th Send the coupon for your FREE VETERANS VILLAGE KIT. Bombardment Group of the Eighth Air Don't wait; do it now. Sections 1 and 2 are already sold out. "Prices are subject to change without Force of World War II returned to notice East Anglia, England to commemorate a Memorial Service in honor of those THE LEISURE COMMUNITY members who sacrificed their lives for FOR VETERANS the cause. Services were held at All Saints Church, Great Ashfield, site of the group's air operations during the VETERANS VILLAGE war, while local officials gave a civic 3912 Seven Springs Blvd. V Seven Springs l> New Port Richey, Fla. 3.3552 reception at Ipswich, Suffolk County. A Li) lit Send my FREE Veterans Village Kit (color brochure, model plans Residents and former residents of and prices, and Florida inspection trip details) by return mail: Gorham, NH, who served in World Name War II, Korea or Vietnam are asked to contact Laurence Morel, Post 82, Address Gorham, NH 03581. Officials are pre- paring memorial listing veterans for C'itv- _State. -Zip. town common. Interested in home with 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms n 3 bedrooms ? ? ? I would like to plan a visit to Veterans Village. Anyone having photos or souvenirs EQUAL hOUSING involving the U.S. Naval Amphibious NO COST OR OBLIGATION Phone No. ( ). . OPPORTUNITY Base at Salcombe, Devon, England, dur-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 37 . . ! —

NEWS"

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS COMRADES IN DISTRESS The award of a life membership to a Le- Readers who can help these veterans are gionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by those urged to do so. Usually a statement is who know best that such a member has needed in support of a VA claim. served The American Legion well. Notices are run only at the request of Below are listed some of the previously American Legion Service Officers represent- unpublished life membership Post awards ing claimants, using Search For Witness Easy way to raise money for your Organization that have been reported to the editors. They Forms available only from State Legion because everyone has fun playing BINGO! are arranged by States or Departments. Service Officers. Thousands of Organizations are making up to Henry Brown, Wm. Crabtree (both 1976) 712th T.C. Rlwy Oper Bn, Co A, 3rd TMRS $500.00 per week using' BINGO KING" supplies Post 3, Mobile, AL Need information from comrades who re- and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog C.G. Godard, Thomas Dyer (both 1972). call Raymond J. Kakabar was hospitalized and details on raising money for your Organiza- Marvin Freda (1975) Post 199, Fairhope, AL for a kidney condition in 1952 at Suwon, tion. Lloyd Cole, Harry Heckman, Wm. Kratz, Korea. Please contact "CID 344, The George McCloskey, Walter American Legion Magazine, 1608 St., PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. Ben Abemathy, "K" Smith, (all 197G) Post 35, Sulphur Springs, NW, Washington, DC 20006." f 3E3XINJTCiO MLXJV-Gt' AR A.A.F. Hdqts, 72nd Lisn. Sqdn.—Need to James Rogers (1976) Post 271, Los An- hear from comrades who remember Don- Dept 612-A, Box 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 geles, CA ald H. Urell injured his back while lifting Douglas Frew (1976) Post 314, Hawthorne, a portable power plant in 1944 while sta- CA tioned in Southern France. Please contact Wm. Bliss (1974) Post 459, Huntington "CID 345, The American Legion Magazine, Park, CA 1608 "K" St., NW, Washington, DC 20006." Wm. Budinger, John Grochowski, Gilbert E.T.O. 517th Port Bat.—Need information Whiteside (all 1976) Post 30, Wilmington from comrades who recall Arthur V. Manor, DE O'Neill was injured at Normandy Beach Miki Kavanaugh (1968), A.P. Walter and Antwerp, Belgium in 1944. Please (1973), Edward Karwacki, Eugene Druhan contact "CID 346, The American Legion (both 1976) Post 32, Hialeah, FL Magazine, 1608 "K" St., NW, Washington, LOCKSMITH Earl Knestrick, Hilton LaFountain (both DC 20006. 1975) Post 38, Ft. Myers, FL U.S.S. Mascoma, AO-83—Need to hear from You'll enjoy your work as a Locksmith Wm. James, Fred Huddleston (both 1976) comrades who remember James J. Pa- because it is more fascinating than a Post 266, Fruitville-Sarasota, FL gonis, Sr. received an injury to his left hobby—and highly paid besides!! You'll Warren Trout (1976) Post 21, Chicago, IL leg and head Christmas Eve, 1944. Please go on enjoying the fascinating work, Bruce Peterson, Oliver Johnson (both contact "CID 347, The American Legion "I have already year after year, in good times or bad Magazine, because you'll be the man in demand 1975) Post 504, Batavia, IL 1608 "K" St., NW, Washington, master keyed my 20006." Elks Lodge and in an evergrowing field offering big John Beane, Hershel Brown, Harry D.C. big profits own boss. U.S.S. Mississippi 38 apartments . , pay jobs, as your Brown, L.W. Croft, Clarence DeCamp (all (BB) EAG 128—Need in- so you see my Train at Home— Earn Extra %%%% Right 1975) Post 464, Adel, IA formation from comrades who recall locksmith course Away! Send for FREE booklet today! Bradles Preston, Howard Preston, W.A. Walter H. Long received a fungus on is practically soles of feet while paid for." LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE Sanders, Elijah Sims, James Stagg, C.C. stationed at Norfolk Trisler (all 1976) Post 52, Harrodsburg, KY VA, 1949. Please contact "CID 348, The Adelindo Orsi, Jr. Div. Technical Home Study Schools American Legion Magazine, Azusa, Calif. Depti22i-i26 Little Falls, N.J. 07424 Hollan Pickett Jr., (1968), Paul Pickett 1608 "K" St (1976) Post 124, Greensburg, KY NW, Washington, DC 20006." Emmett Mahoney (1976) Post 216, Milford, 149th Inf, 38th Div, Co I—Need to hear from 1 Name comrades who I (Please Print) MI remember John Lentine Harry Walter (1976) Post 38, Redwood fractured his spine aboard USS Monteray Address Falls, MN (Matson Line) bound from Hawaii to New Guinea. Please contact * City/State/Zip Eugene Long, Charles Cermak Sr., George "CID 349 The Pinski, Albert Swanson, Edward Vorder- American Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St Check here if Eligible for Veteran Training ^ bruggen, Marvin McAdoo (all 1976) Post NW, Washington, DC 20006." 474, St. Paul, MN 5th RGT Cmbt Tm, Co I, 24th Div.—Need John Olson Sr., (1976) Post 2, Nevada, MO information from comrades who recall Thomas' Dunham, Frank Hull, Kenneth Cletus C. Franzen received a back injury Robinson, H.H. Russell, A.L. Stevenson, from a fall while stationed in Korea 1951 Philip Griebel (all 1976) Post 131, Warrens- Please contact "CID 350, The American burg, MO Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St, NW, Wash- Wm. Wilson (1974) Ray Tice, Frank Mitts, ington, DC 20006." Clarence Rowden, Martin Ferguson (all 1881st Aviat. Eng Bat, Co B—Need to hear 1975) Post 51, North Las Vegas, NV from comrades who remember Richard Wm. O'Loughlin (1976) Post 101, West- Magoon, Sr contracted a nervous condi- bury, NY tion under heavy ground and air attack during Edward Pobuda (1976) Post 107, NY, NY battle of Leyte, Philippines, 1944 Andrew Pomarico (1976) Post 203, Beacon, Please contact "CID 351, The American NY Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St NW Algird Bertman, Stanley Williams (both Washington, DC 20006." 1976) Post 459, Rochester, NY In John O'Brien, Alexander Kazanecki, Paul Kazanecki (all 1976) Post 1003, NY, NY YOUR Frank Jerman, Charles Tedesco (both American Legion Life Insurance 1975) Mervin Miller, John Patrician, James Month Ending September OWN Symonds (all 1976) Post 1276, Syracuse, NY 31, 1976 Daniel O'Sullivan (1974) Paul Frick (1976) Benefits SPARE Post 1283, Queens, NY paid January 1, 1976- September 30, 1976 TIME or Napoleon Beau din (1976) Post 1418, Ft. $ 1,801,097 37 Covington, NY Benefits paid since April 1958. $21,630,195.94 FULLTIME Joe Kokkeler, Edmund Remfert (both Basic Units in Force (Number). 173,266 5 1976) Post 100, Hebron, ND New Applications approved Paul Earnest (1975), Melvin Walters (1976) since Jan. 1, 1976 6,629 SHARPENING BUSINESS Post 182, Lewisburg, PA New Applications Declined 2,314 New Applications Suspended . . . Ofl OUT You r ' s^ nothing by accepting Ambrose Naugle (1958), Walter Nickles 2,952 ^ this offer to see how easily (1952), Thomas Payne (1972), Frank Reeder, (Applicants failed to return health form) you can turn your spare time Vaughn Richardson 30-DAY (both 1976), Kenneth The American Legion Life into big Cash Profits with your Rhone Post Insurance is an (1963) 223, Shippensburg, PA official program of the own Complete Sharpening Levi Carnline, Francisco Ibanez, Leroy American Legion, Shop. No selling ... no pre- adopted by the National Executive FREE (all Com- vious experience needed. Our Manor 1976) Post 10, Balibago, Philip- mittee, pines 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, famous Sharp-All and show- issued on application to paid-up members of TRIAL how Instruction set you up to Henry Smith Jr. (1974), Raymond McMa- The American Legion subject to approval make $200, $500, $700 a hon (1975), Mrs. Frances Jinkens (1976) based on health and employment statement. OFFER month CASH sharpening Saws, Post 43, Warwick, RI Knives, Scissors, Lawnmowers, Effective Jan. 1, 1976, death benefits range C.E. Greene (1976) Post 89, Texas City, from Shop and Garden Tools . . . $60,000 (6 units through age 29, 25 in \ TX Iting edges. Ohio) in decreasing steps to Wm. Menut, Bernard O'Neil, $125 ( V2 unit at Walter age 75 or over). Previously, maximum was O'Neil, Albert Parker, Harland Atwood (all Send for all the facts! 4 units. This protection is available through- 1976) Post 26, W. Lebanon, Our Free Book tells VT out life, as long as the annual James Mowery, Paul Neal (both Post premium is how to start a profit- 1976) paid, the insured remains a member of The able, lifetime home 77, Strasburg, VA American Legion, Ulyses Howell, Erie and the Plan stays in ef- sharpening business, Williams (both 1976) fect. Available to Post Christiansted, up six units at a flat rate howwe help you grow, 85, St. Croix, VI of $24 per unit a year on a calendar year Wm. Weaver, Wm. Watson (both 1976) how we'll finance you. basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 Post 13, Augsburg, W.Germany Send for FREE details -mail coupon below or postcard today' a month per unit for insurance approved BELSAW SHARP-ALL CO., 607Z Field Bldg. Kansas City, Mo. 64111 Life Memberships are accepted for pub- after January 1. Underwritten by two com- lication only on an official form, which mercial life No Obligation. ..No Salesman Will Call we insurance companies, the Occi- provide. Reports received only from Com- dental Life Insurance Co. of California and • mander, YES, BELSAW, 607Z Field Bldg.. Kansas City, Mo. 64111 • Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post United States Life Insurance Co. in the City O which awarded the life membership. of New York. American Legion Life Insur- > please send me the FREE that gives full details. • BOOK They may get form by sending stamped, ance and Trust Fund is managed by trustees self-addressed return envelope to: operating under the laws of Missouri. No "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, other insurance may use the full words 1608 K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006" "American Legion." Administered by The On a corner of the return envelope write American Legion Life Insurance Division, the number of names you wish to report. P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to ' Cily-State Zip__ No written letter necessary to get forms. which write for further details.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 .

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 18) DIABETES CAN THREATEN YOUR EYESIGHT NOW! Get in on the

moscope, allows a surgeon to take a in some sense have no end, and often single photo of the eye prior to op- the scientists are not really sure of PROFITS in (3S erating instead of up to 25 separate their beginning. photos in order to achieve one com- What can we expect in eye re- posite picture of the eye. search to save vision? At present a SMALL Then there is the laser Doppler study is being conducted into the Velocimeter, a tool measuring the composition of our tears. Long as- speed of blood flow through the sumed to be no more than a salt ENGINE cardiovascular system. solution that served the function of TYPES OF ADVANCED STUDY cleaning our eyes, it is now known Among the advanced scientific that tears are, in fact, composed of REPAIR! areas in which eye researchers are several layers. Scientists are seek- Work part time, full time — working is how the brain receives ing to discover the exact composition right at home— we help its messages. Since the nerve cells of these layers so that eye drops you every step of the way. and tissues in the retina are like can be developed which would No doubt about It... as a small engine pro, you can cash in those in the brain, yet different be- closely approximate our own tears. on the huge demand (or qualified men in one of America's fastest growing industries. You'll be able to command top light sensitive, scien- the cause they are We know that tears lubricate hourly rates of from $10.00 to $15.00 per hour -and that's tists are hoping to discover how eyes and clean them and we know just for labor. A simple tune-up earns as much as $17.50 for less than an hours work, and parts, engines and accessories nerve cells communicate among they protect them from bacteria. We will add even more to the profits. themselves via nerve impulses, how don't know what other functions Plenty of business waiting for qualified men. the nerves send these messages to they may serve. 46,000,000 Small Engines Are In Use Today! the brain, how they communicate In a sense then come full circle. we That's the official count from the Engine Service Assn., and with light-sensitive nerve cells in the Science thought it had conquered one-million new engines are being built each month. With fully retina, where in the body the nerve one disease, diabetes, only to find accredited Belsaw training, you can soon have the skill and knowledge to make top money servicing these engines. People messages go on their way to the that the improved survival of dia- will seek you out and pay you well to service their lawnmowers, brain, and what drugs and chemicals betic patients led to an even more tillers, edgers, power rakes, garden tractors, chain saws, mini- bikes, snowmobiles, generators, go-carts, paint sprayers, snow- affect nerve blindness. the messages and how awesome scourge, Now blowers... the list is almost endless. they affect them. the impetus to cure diabetic blind- Professional If it all like out ness catalyst for open- sounds something may be the Tools And of a science fiction adventure, to ing doors to a greater understanding Equipment some extent it is, for what today's of the causes and possibly control of PLUS eye research scientists are really many kinds of blindness and the 3 HP Clinton Engine. . seeking are answers to questions that treatment of other diseases as well.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION

..All YOURS TO KEEP— (Act of August 12, 1970: Section 3685. Title 39, United States Code) ..All At No Extra Cost! 1. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania LEGION MAGAZINE. Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY!

8 - Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other \ ^a^L^Sk^^nm^' You don't need to be a 'born mechanic' or have any prior security ho,ders owninS or holdinS 1 Percent or 3A Annual subscr"Dt'io^ orice^' $3 00 experience. You can master this profitable trade right at home °f b°ndS m° rtgageS of^knTwro'mce^f'-publication: ' ™ ^Lo™ otner™£ secuSssecur, »es None^one- in your sparetime. Lessons are fully illustrated... so clear you 700 North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, - can't go wrong, and with our famous 'learn-by-doing' method Indiana 46206 (Marion County). 9. For optional completion by publishers mail- you get practical 'hands-on' experience. We also show you 5. Location of the headquarters of general ing at the regular rates (Section 132,121, Postal business offices of the publisher: 1345 Avenue Service Manual). how to get business, what to charge, where to get supplies the Americas, 10019. wholesale... all the inside tricks of the trade you need to of New York NY 39 jj.s.c. 3626 provides in pertinent part: "No 6 Names and addresses of publisher, editor, person who would have been entitled to mail assure success right from the start. editor: and managing matter under former section 4359 of this title Publisher: James F. O Neil, 1345 Avenue of . Send for FREE Facts -Do It TODAY! shall mail sucn matter at the rates prov j ded un the Americas, New York New York 10019. der this subsect j on unless he files annually with NO Obligation— NO Salesman Calls! dlto a mond J-*" 11 1608 K Street y - the Postal Service a written request for permis- *T?, ,!i; ? ^' >. You risk nothing by accepting this offer to see how N.W., Washington, D.C 20006 sion to mail matter at such rates Managing Editor: Frank Kuest, 1608 K . . easily you can learn the skills you need to increase In accordance with the provisions of this statute, Street N W Washington D C 20006 ', hereby request permission to mail the publica- your income in a high-profit business of your own. 7. Owner (If owned by a corporation its name \ tlon named in item at the reduced postage and address must be stated and also immediately 1 Just fill in and mail coupon below (or send postcard thereunder the names and addresses of stock- rates presently authorized by 39 U.S C 3626 Neil, Publisher with name and address) to receive full information holders owning or holding I percent or more of James t. O total amount of stock. If not owned by a corpo- 10. For completion by nonprofit organizations by return mail. ration, the names and addresses of the individ- authorized to mail at special rates (Section ual owners must be given. If owned by a part- 132.122, Postal Manual). The purpose, function, RUSH COUPON TODAY FREE nership or other unincorporated firm, its name and nonprofit status of this organization and the BOOKLET! and address, as well as that of each individual exempt status for Federal income tax purposes BELSAW INSTITUTE must be given.) have not changed during preceding 12 months. 3793 FIELD BUILDING KANSAS CITY, M0 64111 Average Actual Number No. Copies of Copies of Each Issue During Single Issue TbELSAW INSTITUTE Accredited Preceeding Published Nearest . 3793 FIELD BUILDING Member 12 Months To Filing Date National Home KANSAS CITY, M0 64111 Study Council 11. EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net Press Run) 2,692,333 2,699,000 YES, please send me the FREE booklet that gives B. Paid Circulation , full details about starting my own business in Small 1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors and Counter Sales None None I Engine Repair. I understand there is No Obligation and 2. Mail Subscriptions 2,671,991 2,679,129 that No Salesman will call on me. C. Total Paid Circulation 2,671,991 2,679,129 I D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Means NAME Samples, Complimentary, and other free copies .... 4,494 4,410

E. Total Distribution (Sum of C and D) 2,676,485 , 2,683,539 F. Copies Not Distributed ADDRESS- I 1. Office Use, Left-over, Unaccounted, Spoiled After Printing 15,848 15,461 I CITY 2. Returns From News Agents None None G. Total (sum of E & F—should equal net press run shown in A) 2,692,333 2,699,000 STATE_ ZIP. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. James F. O'Neil

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 39 Excitement of carrier air strikes is captured in Charleston displays When the breeze sweeps over but the carrier will be joined by ahead of schedule. Mrs. Franklin D. the flight deck it's not hard to other decommissioned craft—a sub- Roosevelt had to run after her to imagine sounds and voices from old marine, destroyer, cruiser, merchant make sure the bottle of champagne wars. ship and Coast Guard ship—to offer smashed against her bow (it did.) Moored now on the Cooper River the public an unusual first-hand view And from that day the Yorktown just off Charleston, SC, harbor, the of 20th century naval power. was known as an "eager" ship. aircraft carrier Yorktown (CV-10) is The 130-acre site also will feature She was one of 24 carriers of the the first ship in a flotilla that will an oceanarium, sailor's chapel, out- Essex class which did so much to constitute one of the nation's most door amphitheater and a marina win the war in the Pacific and dem- varied naval museums. with motel facilities. onstrate the superiority of American Launched with a $3 million appro- The 27,000-ton Yorktown, a vet- carrier design and technology. priation by the South Carolina leg- eran of three wars, is proving a It was the first class of carriers islature, the Patriots Point site has museum in herself. She was never a built from the keel up for its role at already attracted more than 100,000 run-of-the-mill aircraft carrier. sea. Two Essex class ships still are visitors in its first few months. To Launched Jan. 21, 1943, she went with the fleet. The USS Lexington date, the Yorktown is the big "draw," skidding down the ways five minutes (CVT-16) currently is a training

Essex Class carrier Yorktown is first element in major naval museum

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 — ship and the USS Oriskany (CV-34) is being decommissioned. Named for the decisive battle of the American Revolution, the York- town was born to a mission. The Now you can own Navy's first carrier Yorktown was a hero of the crucial 1942 struggle in the Pacific when a handful of U.S. R o CJ JU1 U vjt VJ-LiU Jr IxL'O xL carriers and the survivors of Pearl Harbor attempted to stem the Jap- anese advance. at an unbelievably low price. The first Yorktown (CV-5) was heavily damaged in the first battle of the Coral Sea, but came back to fight brilliantly in the battle of Mid- way. A Japanese torpedo dealt her a death blow off Midway, but not until the Yorktown's planes had helped administer a crushing defeat to the Japanese—a defeat that turned the tide against Tokyo. (The Navy had two earlier Yorktowns—a 16-gun sloop sailed in the 1840's and her suc- cessor helped put down the in China.) The second Yorktown avenged the first. Her planes sank 118 enemy ships and damaged 329 others; de- OBVERSE stroyed 458 enemy aircraft in the air and 695 on the ground. Her gun Illustration enlarged to show detail. Actual size: 19.3mm {%" 1976 A.C.C. crews shot down another 14 planes. The Yorktown also served during the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. Fourteen Essex class carriers led the air offensive against Japan dur- Yes, you can buy this solid gold piece at an incredible price. The ing the last two years of the Pacific war. Ten were damaged; eight by Bicentennial Gold piece was created as a limited edition exclu- Kamikaze suicide attacks. The York- sively by American Coin Company, Inc., and as such should be- town was hit only once. A Japanese come a valued collectors' item and keepsake. A thoughtful killed five bomb men and injured 13 gift to loved ones or as a family heirloom to hand down to your on March 18, 1945, when the York- children and grandchildren. A truly beautiful piece in proof-like town was engaged in air strikes mirror finish. against the Japanese islands. The Yorktown's wardroom and Solid 10K Gold... not "gold filled" or "gold lounge are filled with memorabilia plated". provided by the USS Yorktown Attractively packaged in handsome protective •fe (CV-10) Association. Other rooms keepsake case, set in blue velvet. are being remodeled and decorated Included with each medallion is a serial by veterans of other carriers, includ- numbered certificate of authenticity. Postpaid and insured Limit 3 per order ing the Bunker Hill, Wasp and Sara- 30 day money back guarantee. toga. One room is dedicated to the -A, Guaranteed by A.C.C, one of the nation's Tailhook Association, honoring all largest wholesalers and retailers of rare coins. Note: Due to fluctua- Est. who have flown from carriers. 1959. tion in the price of The displays chronicle the feats of For faster delivery on BankAmericard or Master- gold, we reserve the charge orders, phone in your order on our toll-free right to withdraw this many heroes, but one of the most offer at time. WATS line (all states except Calif.) 800-423-2608 any popular is the story of Robert Thienes, a pilot with Air Group AMERICAN COIN COMPANY, INC. 12164 VENTURA BLVD. STUDIO CITY, CALIF. 91604 Three whose plane was hit by Jap- anese anti-aircraft fire over Saigon. Charge your order on your A fragment struck Thienes in the American Coin Company, Inc. BankAmericard or Mastercharge. back of the head. Almost blinded 12164 Ventura Blvd. Dept. RR-12 Studio City, Calif. 91604 and conscious only intermittently, BankAmericard somehow Thienes flew 200 miles Enclosed please find $_ .in payment for_ O Mastercharge at $15.00 each (Iimit3 per order). Includes postage & insurance. back to the Yorktown and landed California state residents add 6% sales tax. safely with the coaching and en- Account No. couragement of his wingman, Bill McLeory. The Yorktown is open daily. The Mastercharge Interbank No. museum charge is $2 for adults; $1 for children 6 to 12. School rates Expiration date are available. M. S. Swanson

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 41 —

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 36) DON'T QUIT SMOKING THE POLISH CONNECTION: Patriots and Heroes before giving my pipe a 30 Day Trial President of the United States, Legion's Children and Youth Fund. Thomas Jefferson, stopped before a He returned to exile in the United rooming house, and a gaunt, crippled States when the Russians and Ger- man emerged from the shadows and mans overran and partitioned Poland

My now principle contradicts every idea you've with great difficulty climbed into the early in World War EL He died in ever had about pipe smoking. I Riiarantee it to smoke cool and mild hour after hour, day after day, without rest, without bite, seat next to Jefferson. 1941. At the direction of President To prove it, I'll let you test smoke a bitterness or sludge. It Poland's Koscius- Carey Pipe for 30 days. Write today for FREE trial offer. was Tadeusz Franklin D. Roosevelt, Paderewski E. A. CAREY, Dept. 246W, 3932 N. Kilpatrick, Chicago, III. 60641 zko, who once more was in the was entombed in Arlington National service of his "second country." For Cemetery. Paderewski requested that six years, without a single furlough, his remains be returned to Poland he had fought for American inde- only after his homeland was free Geranium pendence. Now Jefferson was send- and independent. They still rest in PLANTS FROM SEED. New double ing him to Paris as an envoy to help Arlington. Paderewski's vault is and Semi-Double varieties, all shades, Described in New Seed & Nursery Cata- the infant United States avoid a de- mounted on wheels in the Battleship log. Send 15c in coin for 50c Pkt. CDCC structive, ruinous war with revolu- Maine Memorial Crypt, ready for re- or 2 Pkts. for 25c and Catalog I ItLL R. H. SHUM WAY SEEDSMAN tionary France, the country which moval to his beloved Poland. Dept. 305 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 had helped so much in the American Gen. Joseph Haller, for whom Bal- revolution. timore Post 95 is named, was another "MAKE $25 TO $100 PER HOUR" Jefferson was convinced that only Polish patriot who believed in the considerable stature f> show you how to cash in on the profitable badge and but- an envoy of American cause. He came to the j HP, ton business." BADGE-A-MINIT lets you make metal pin back could keep the peace. Kosciuszko was United States to lead Polish- badges for pennies which you can sell for up to 75C each, or *rs Ph°t° buttons for as much as $2.50 each. his man. The peace was kept. Get FREE sample button and fully illus- trated money making plans by return Kosciuszko joined American forces mail, or send $34.95 plus $1.75 ship- ping tn BADGE-A-MINIT, Ltd., Box 618, in 1777 and became Washington's Dept. LE-126 LaSalle, Illinois 61301. foremost military engineer. In 1910, a grateful America erect- LEARN ed a statue of Kosciuszko in the southeastern corner of Lafayette Iftfi MEAT CUTTING Park in Washington, D.C., with the Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big pay, full-time jobs — Polish Patriot facing the White HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Time payment plan available. Di- House. f ploma given. Job help. Thousands of suc- m sful graduates. OUR 53rd YEAR! Send "The title of 'an American' will Bicentennial Chairman Benedict Po- NOW for a big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G.I. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING. No. 71-02- sacred to me," Koscius- krywka, left, and Haller Post Adjutant 0197T. DeptA-109 33 N. Superior, Toledo. Ohio 43604.. always be Curator zko once said. Joseph J. Kaczynski pose with Judith Coram and the Pulaski banner But the Polish connection doesn't HEAD LETTUCE end here. Waves of immigrants from American troops in World War I and Poland, Christians and Jews, put in- was an early recipient of The Amer- delible marks on American culture. ican Legion's Distinguished Service I GREAT LAKES ICEBERG-TYPE ALL AMERICA WINNER, TRY IT None was more prominent than Ig- Award for his outstanding service to Resistant to heat and sun. Medium size. Solid crisp heads. Send 15c for big packet or 2 packets CD IT IT nace Jan Paderewski, Polish patriot, the United States. for 25c and New Seed & Nursery Catalog. I l\LL to Haller Adjutant Joseph J. R . H . SHUM WAY SEEDSMAN statesman and pianist who came Post ILLINOIS Dept. 304 ROCKFORD, 61101 typify the strong ties between the Kaczynski and post Bicentennial United States and Poland. Musicolo- chairman Benedict Pokrywka his beside with Miss Judith Coram, a I WANT EVERY READER gists have placed name worked jg_^.of this Paper to have my big red that of Franz Liszt as one of the two curator with the Maryland Historical 05 EARLIANA TOMATO greatest pianists of all time. Pade- Society, to restore the Pulaski flag. "KING OF THE EARLIES" rewski's composition, "Minuet in G," Kosciuszko was born in the Grand Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease has come to rival Beethoven in pop- Duchy of Lithuania in 1746. After resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for table or canning. Send 15c for big ular favor. (His recording of the completing military studies in War- or packetn or 25c for 2 packets CDCC fc "Polonnaise Militaire" was broadcast saw and France he volunteered to and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. _ - R.H.SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN constantly by Radio Warsaw in Sep- serve in the American Revolutionary Dept. 303 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 tember of 1939 as a signal to the Army. world that Poland still was fighting In 1784, he returned to his home- Hitler's invasion.) land to reorganize the Polish army As a concert pianist, Paderewski and in 1794 when the Poles revolted toured the United States many times against Russia, Kosciuszko was 8WQ0 in the early 20th century, contribut- made commander-in-chief of the in- ing time and money to many causes surgent Polish army. Largest Manufacturer in America and to the cause of free- Like his comrade from Poland, Pu- and Distributor of dom in his native Poland. During his laski was born in Lithuania in 1748, BINGO Supplies lifetime, he was the highest paid and became an insurgent against the Free Catalogues available for: instrumental artist of his period. But Russians. After an unsuccessful at- Complete bingo * * Flags & banners he was also a statesman and follow- tempt to capture the King of War- supplies * Plaques & trophies •k Tables & chairs -k Jar & breakopen ing World War I he returned to free saw, he was accused of outlawry. He * Armchair races tickets Poland as its first President. fled to France where he met Benja- Fund raising through group travel In 1923 Paderewski donated all min Franklin, offering his services ALL STAR BINGO INC. Dept. AL-12 the proceeds from a concert tour of to the cause of American Indepen- P.O. Box 2816, Clearwater, Fla. 33517 the United States to The American dence. Frank Kuest

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9

Another Ice Age?

tions.) All this suggests the threat of an ice age may not be bizarre. Bryson says weather ships patrol- ling the lonely waters of the North Atlantic report an average dip in temperatures of two degrees Fahr- enheit. That doesn't seem like much, but Bryson noted in an interview that "the difference between the present time and an ice age is only six degrees Centigrade" which is 4 10 /.-, degrees Fahrenheit. Considering the fact that a dip of one degree Centigrade on a global scale has taken place in two decades, trouble could be coming. A recent study of the last Ice Age which began 18,000 years ago has unearthed the hitherto unknown fact American Southwest recalls drought scenes like this that it was the cause of droughts. seems to know. Investigations by now. But local weather is in fact a The study known as CLIMAP British meteorologist Hubert Lamb product of conditions that existed (Climate Long-Range Investigation indicate that, in the past, cool spells many years ago and perhaps thou- Mapping and Prediction) was car- usually lasted for between 100 and sands of miles away. Whether rain ried on at Columbia University. The 150 years. The minimum, he said, or sunshine beats down on you to- climate of 18,000 years ago was re- was 40 years. But this is not taking day may depend on what was hap- constructed from evidence in the into account the specter of another pening in the sea off Japan last sediments on land and at sea and in Ice Age. That would be a very dif- week, in the Indian Ocean last the Greenland ice layers laid down ferent ball game. month, in the frozen waters off Ice- at that time. Contrary to longstand- Most think that the weather is land last winter and in the polar ing assumptions, the study showed something going on outdoors right ice sheets a century ago. end that it snowed very little during the Ice Age. When the ice sheets began to form, the survey revealed, they spread rapidly, but their effect on atmospheric circulation was such "Own that the world became increasingly arid. In fact, the study disclosed that a piece of global precipitation 18,000 years ago was 15 per cent lower than today. historic Unfortunately, government pol- icies on grain reserves and agricul- Wartime ture in general have, until recent years, proceeded on the premise that i England" a relatively warm and stable climate was normal and could be expected Plots of historic land for sale in England to last indefinitely. This rosy pic- Souvenire Land Sales Ltd. offers you a deed to the unforgettable past. The actual deed certificate for a piece of land at old R.A.F. Debden Airfield can be yours. The sounds of air to air ture was based on the experience of combat jump from the parchment of this historic document. For just $29.95 you receive the deed certificate entitling you the first half of the 20th century to the land forever. The certificate for your office wall or home is written in old English with your name, or the name of a friend or relative, a map, plot number and seal. when, despite some setbacks, cli- matic conditions were generally be- Valiant Americans became legends in the battle for Britain

The courageous flew Spitfires, nign for agriculture in the great men who the Thunderbolts and Mustangs . . . Eighth Airforce Fourth Fighter Group, EAGLE SQUADRONS, were part of "breadbasket" of North America England's and America's "FINEST HOUR". Own a piece of that battleground. 1016 enemy planes were destroyed. The 14 X 20 parchment is in full color. and The land, turned to many other countries as well. over the Americans in 1942, can be yours forever . . . one square foot of history.

When grandpa used to say the Historical gift for all seasons weather A was more rugged back in Christmas gift for a friend or relative. Several books tell the courageous story. Duel of Eagles by Commander, his day he wasn't just spinning Peter Townsend, A Thousand Destroyed and Debden Eagles. Veterans! Own a piece of this historic battleground. Order your full color yarns. Meteorological records show certificate for 29.95. that winters really were colder be- U 0 SALES LT °- enCl0Se < S29 ' 95 |US 75c s »a e and handling) fore 1900 than they were in the first P°0 BoTeiae™ ' P P° 9 DAYTON A BEACH, half of the 20th century. There was FLORIDA 32022 for deed certificate(s) to historic Debden Airfield. a gradual warming trend to about NAME 1950 when the thermometer began ADDRESS to drop it and has continued down- C|TV STATE ZIP ward. (FULL FORE NAMES & SURNAMES TO APPEAR ON DEED/S) Climatologists tell us we may be CHARGE IT heading into a cold snap Mastercharge Acct.# Signature that might BankAmericard Acct.# linger for years. How long, no one

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 43 .

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Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. it is governed by a set of controls hooked to the antenna. When you O. P. O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N. V. 10314 manipulate the controls, you make movable "blips" (usually small rec- tangles) appear on the screen, representing players and their gear. Thus BASEMENT TOILET you and one or more partners can simulate tennis, hockey, soccer, football Flushes up to existing sewer or sep- tic tank by powerful, self-contained and sometimes even a road race. pump operated by normal water * Price of the games varies from under $50 to $200 or more, depending pressure. No digging up floors. Clog resistant, easily installed. Make on how many sports they can handle, whether they portray the action in basement into game room, den, apartment with private bath. Financing available. black-and-white or color, and whether they have such refinements as Write for free literature. speed controls, fancy scoreboards and sound. SANDERS, Dept. J— 17 Box 921C2, Houston, Tx 77206. *Meantime, Fairchild is just coming on the market with a highly sophisticated sight-and-sound hookup that works via the equivalent of ONLY ORIGINAL cassettes. Called "Fairchild Video Entertainment System," the newcomer W.W.II *24.95 greatly increases the range of games, because you can keep adding to the PLUS S2.00 POSTAGE AND HANOLING roster by inserting new cartridges (price: about $150, plus $15 to $25 for HELMET MONEY BACK (NOT A REPLICA) — GUARANTEE extra cartridges) COLLECTORS! 32 PG.COLORCATALOGS1.00 W.W. II Medals, Civil War Hals, Flags etc. 100's of items A Talog UNIQUE IMPORTS, INC. Dept. ALIO fr e e I Bankers and economics counselors firmly advise that you start w/ ORDER I 6,0 FRANKLIN STREET. ALEXANDRIA. VIRGINIA 22314 home setting up a household budget for 1977 right now. 1) Make a fairly detailed list of your expenditures, which will look ELECTRIFY YOUR BIKE! something like this: PEDALPOWER exciting new bike drive tames Automotive Dues, donations tough hills. Be independent. Shop when you (including rent or want. Fits all Bikes, Adult Trikes. Installs .Clothing Housing in minutes. Thousands sold. Recharges Education mortgage, utilities, etc.) ovemite. Travels 100 miles for a dime. Travel Medical Send for FREE illustrated booklet. GENERAL ENGINES CO., Entertainment Personal items (toiletries, 5042 Sewell, N.J. Mantua Blvd., Food tobacco, etc.) Interest on loans Taxes 2) See what you spent in each category during the current year. For GIANT GARDEN CART next year, add 6 per cent overall to cover inflation. Now match your total carries 10 times the load of a against anticipated income. If you think it will be too close a squeeze, common wheelbarrow! Rolls figure out where can trim. hints: if your housing expenditures along easily on 2 big wheels you Some — won't spill loads or strain are running more than 25 per cent of income, you may be paying out too your back. For FREE 24-pg. Cart booklet write: much in this category; ditto if food goes over the 15 per cent or 20 per GARDEN WAY RESEARCH cent mark; and if your outstanding credit (aside from your mortgage) Dept. 6071D, , Charlotte, Vermont 05445 tops 20 per cent of your income you may want to put the brakes on immediately. THE ORIGINAL 3) If you anticipate a major expenditure several years hence—say a $4,000 roofing job in 1979—allocate some of that outlay in your 1977 plans (as savings) to avoid future strain. 4) Be sure all members of your household participate in the budgeting and agree on the final version. FLUSHES UP TO If something goes wrong (as 1977 progresses) due to circumstances, SEWER OR SEPTIC TANK 5) avoid fights and recriminations. Be flexible. Adjust the budget to fit the -No Digging Up Floors new situation and work toward it. INSTALLS EASV. ANYWHERE! Write McPHERSON, Inc., Dept. AL lives Box 15133 Tampa, Florida 33684 JUVENILE INSURANCE: A wide range of policies, covering the of young people, now is available and sometimes suggested as a sensible Christmas gift for children or grandchildren. The big lures, of course, are 1) low premiums, and 2) giving youngsters a "headstart." But bear FROM SEED in mind this cardinal rule: always insure the breadwinners in a family ALL KINDS AND FORMS first. Then, if you can afford it, get around to the kids. Curious, odd-looking, strange spe- cies of plants that thrive anywhere WASTE PAPER: Before you throw out old papers, magazines and ' with little care. Flowers of exqui- corrugated boxes, inquire whether your church or charity wants them site beauty and fragrance. Send only 15c in coin for 50c Pkt. to raise funds. The demand for waste paper (used in recycling) is growing or 2 Pkts. for 25c and Seed and Nursery gHEB rapidly, and dealers are paying respectable prices. Catalog. PRCEE By Edgar A. Gruntvald R. H. SHU M WAY SEEDSMAN Dept. 306 ROCKFORO, ILLINOIS 61101

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 Bicentenniallitem Landmark Even in Illin

Scenic lookout at Kaskaskia State Park conjures up visions of "Paris of the West"

relentless Mississippi has explorer Father Marquette in 1674. One relic that survives is the Kas- swept away most vestiges of He established a mission that be- kaskia Bell, known as "the liberty Illinois'A"Illinoi; great moment in the Revolu- came a fur and produce center which bell of the west." The bell was a gift tionary War, but not the memories. shipped its goods downriver to New from King Louis XV of France to Fort Kaskaskia, proud bastion of Orleans. The discovery of large lead the Church of the Immaculate Con- French, then English power on the deposits in the area caused the ception in Kaskaskia in 1741. It was upper Mississippi River, was the French to build nearby Fort Char- shipped across the Atlantic to New scene of one of the daring stories of tres in 1720. A prosperous and gay Orleans, then barged up the Missis- the Revolution. It opened the way Kaskaskia became known as the sippi. Clark ordered that it be rung for the eventual American march to "Paris of the West" among trappers on July 4, 1778, when he captured the Pacific. and hunters. In 1763 the French out- Kaskaskia and it has been sounded On July 4, 1778, George Rogers posts in what is now Randolph ceremoniously every July 4 since. Clark led a company of 200 Ken- County fell to the British during the Another relic is the Pierre Menard tucky "long knives" into Fort Gage French and Indian War. The English home, a striking example of south- at Kaskaskia, surprised the British made Kaskaskia their capital for the ern French colonial architecture. garrison and took the key river for- region and set the stage for Clark's Menard was the first lieutenant gov- tress without firing a shot. Its cap- coup 15 years later. ernor of Illinois. He built the home ture became the basis of the U.S. Kaskaskia is referred to by Illinois in 1802. claim to the Northwest Territory in historians as "the cradle of Western Shadrach Bond, Illinois' first gov- the peace 1783. of civilization" and "the place where ernor, is buried at Kaskaskia. Other Since he had been commissioned Illinois began." Residents of Kaskas- Randolph County attractions include by Gov. Patrick Henry of Virginia kia crossed the Mississippi to mine "Charter Oak," a unique octagonal to war on the British in the west, lead deposits and establish Ste. Gene- schoolhouse, reportedly one of three Clark promptly declared Illinois a vieve, the first white settlement in built in the United States; Shiloh "county" of Virginia. But even in the what is now Missouri. Fort Chartres College, the region's first publicly storied 13 original colonies or states was the home base for a French supported school, and Prairie du it find would be hard to a county party that founded St. Louis. Flood Rocher, a village that traces its ori- that rival Kaskaskia, of could part damaged Fort Chartres was rebuilt gins to 1722 and still retains its Randolph County, IL, in early Amer- in 1753. It still stands and is main- original French flavor. ican history. tained historic site. as a national No, the Bicentennial isn't confined Tucked away in the southwest Kaskaskia became the capital of to the 13 original colonies. corner of the state, Kaskaskia traces the Illinois territory in 1809 and the its history to a visit by the French first state capital in 1818, but the Pen Pal Boom community began to decline in im- portance a year later when the state The Bicentennial has kindled a re- capital was moved to Vandalia. As markable worldwide interest in the interest waned, the Mississippi took United States and its citizens. The advantage. An 1892 flood swept away International Friendship League, a many of the old buildings. What sur- non-profit organization that sponsors vived was left an island, isolated the international "Pen Pal" program, from the Illinois shore. A series of reports a 72 per cent increase in the floods in 1899 virtually completed number of requests from abroad for the destruction. A few foundations correspondence with Americans. Per- remain at the junction of the Mis- sons between seven and 35 who sissippi and the Okaw River. A huge would like to establish a correspon- monument and state park on the Il- dence aboard can write Pen Pals, 40 Pierre Menard home is called "The Mount Vernon of the West" linois bluffs preserve the past. Mt. Vernon St., Boston, MA, 02108.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 45 . .

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Your STAIR-GLIDE " installs easily and in less than Beautiful Full Color 2 hours. No marring walls or stairway. No special wiring required. Shipped directly from factory with- in 4 days. STAIR-GLIDE "... the nation's largest sell- Patriotic Reproduction ing stairway elevator! UL LISTED.

USED BY THOUSANDS: CARDIAC PATIENTS, ARTH- A beautiful Addition To Any Home. RITICS^ SENIOR CITIZENS, PHYSICALLY RE- STRICTED, POST OPERATIVES. ..and household convenience. The pride and spirit that made the Declaration OF of Independence possible, beautifully captured WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE AND NAME DEALER NEAREST YOU. by noted American artist John Hobbs. Select- AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORP. ing highlights from the growth of our nation, he East ST., Dept. AL-126 applied the colors directly over a parchment 4001 138TH replica of the original Declaration of Grandview, Missouri 64030 Independence.

This chronicle of our nation's struggle makes an ideal gift for children or grandchildren. It PRICES SLASHED ON will help instill a pride in our country's rich and colorful heritage. A gift that will be appre- ciated for many years to come. DEVELOPING Large 18" x 21" reproduction on heavy parchment stock, KODAK comes ready for fram- ing— $2. 75 each (incl. postage & handling) SPECIAL CUSTOM FRAME AVAILABLE FILM OFFER when you enclose this ad 126 or 110 Instant-Load Styled in the traditional manner, this frame is with your film Kodacolor film, 12 exp. crafted of solid oak. Frames are mailed assem- 110 Instant-Load, 20 exp. $2.00 bled in. natural wood, finished smooth and KODA- 126 Instant-Load, 20 exp. S2.00 ready for you to paint or stain to suit your de- COLOR 35 mm, 20 exp. $2.50 36 exp. $4.00 cor. Reproduction and frame—$8.75 each (incl. postage & handling) Highest quality JUMBO-SIZE prints: you get special silk-textured paper • rounded corners • bigger borderless pict ure area » highest • quality Kodak paper I PEPTn r DT 04fan^c I HISTORICAL REPRODUCTIONS free film mailers. Limit! I - I 3 rolls to a family. P.O. BOX 6831, TOLEDO, OH 43612 Clark Print: Gentlemen: Please send me the following: Name P0 Box 991, BOSTON, Mass. 02123 19105 Reproductions @ $2.75 ea. $ Address CREDIT GIVEN P0 Box 839, PHILADELPHIA, Pa. O.C. 20013 FOR ALL P0 Box 1018, WASHINGTON, Reproductions with 31348 UNPRINTABLE P0 Box 100085, ATLANTA, Ga. Frame $8.75 ea. City P0 Box 4831, CHICAGO, III. 60680 @ NEGATIVES P0 Box 2287, S. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 94080 LOS ANGELES, Cal. 90009 Encl. check or money order for: $ State PO Box 92926,

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 . — HAWAIIAN —SHOPPER 1977 Calendar ^Beautiful, colorful scenic pictures Authentic — in Hawaiian and English languages Full calendar size 17' x 11"

A perfect gift item $1.95 each or three for $5.50

Mailed promptly we pay postage

Send check or money order to Hawaiian Calendars, A GREENHOUSE FOR CHRISTMAS! All Dept. AL, Box 10372, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 bolted California Redwood and Fiber- glass greenhouse assembles easily. All LIKE A HELPING HAND. models 8' tall with Dutch Door and large screened vents. Portable. Models from Many people- senior citizens, arthritics, $88.95. Free brochure. McGregor Green- PROSTATE and those suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, houses, Box 36-CC12, Santa Cruz, CA Muscular Dystrophy or Parkinson's disease- 95063. (408) 476-5390. need help getting in and out of a chair. The EASY-LIFT power cushion recliner gently RELIEF lifts you forward as well as up to a semi- standing position. The lifting angle adjusts

Sleep disturbing discomforts associated with to fit your needs, controls are easy to JUNO RECORDS presents benign prostate hypertrophy such as getting reach, and it runs on household current. up nights, frequent daily discomfort, dribbling, urgency and undue retention are relieved by EASY-LIFT- like a helping hand. "MAN'S GREATEST STORY" PROSTEX. This now famous formula is used FREE Bill- by doctors. Ask yours about BPH. WRITE FOR BROCHURE Narrated in Read the complete fascinating story on how it AND NAME OF DEALER NEAREST YOU. was discovered and details of its use. Send English and Spanish for free literature today. 4MERIC4N SI4IR-GLIDE CORP. 4001 East 138th Street, Dept. ALE-126 by UXBRIDGE PHARMACAL CO. Grandview, Missouri 64030 Dept. 8, 132 Adams St. Cesar Romero Newton, Mass. 02158

1 WOLF KNIFE with back lock I I 1 T T A N A 9 /2 " OVERALL LENGTH $3.95 ea. the Gem stone you read about 3 Available in The READ]lEADER'S DIGEST 5 on mom **|LL|ANT Men Itautifvl than DIAMONDS1 8 -TRACK CARTRIDGES This beautiful heavy duty FOLDING HUNT- ING KNIFE is hand crafted with a hollow Uneet "Titanla'' AND TAPE CASSETTES ground rust proof mirror polished blade. Kerns. 1 to 5 A carats, for your non-slip rosewood handle that fits the natur- rings, MAIL CHECK OR MONEY ORDER FOR I own $2 98 al curve of the hand for secure holding. Su- i brooches, etc. TO JUNO RECORD COMPANY. perbly designed. ! Per Carat 6201 SANTA MONICA BLVD. HOLLYWOOD, CA. 90038 RUGGED AND FULLY GUARANTEED. 9'/2" overall 5'/4" closed. | ONLY. M5- Money back guarantee jf not satisfied. MODEL No. K-26-W. ONLY $3.95 PLUS ' (Our 31st Year) 30* HANDLING. Money back in 5 days if Name not completely 1 1 carat "Tltanla" Soli- 1 cant "TUania" set satisfied. 1 BLACK BELT taire In a beautiful la a Masculine box CASE also available for $1.00. set < 14 kt. gold mounting. atyle 14 kt. mounting.

, Complete Complete $59°°tenon $95°°rnenn WESTBURY SALES CO., 259 Post Avenue, ! ONLY ONLY HANDY RING SIZE City Box 434, Westbury, N.Y. I Write f.r FREE CHART » 11* PAGE 11590 FULL COLOR JEWELRY CATALOG j Dept. A-12-AL MASTERCHARGE & BAN K AMERICAN D HONORED 10 Day Mannr- Bacfc ouaranne The knife for hunting, fish- ing and all around use. LAPIDARY CO. Mirror polished, imported • Dept. AL-12 2816 Morris Ave. Union, N.l. 07083 1 0 SALE stainless steel blade honed to a razor's edge. Rugged. GUARANTEED Opens with flick of finger. Locks into position. Blade will not 10 YEARS close when in use. Press button in handle to close. Safety finger guard. IF BROKEN WITHIN 10 YEARS WE WILL REPLACE AT NO CHARGE! Use 30 days. Money back if not pleased • Not a switchblade • Special Ic Sale. REGULAR PRICE $2.75. Send $2.76 & receive 2 knives. Add 49e postage, handling. Remit TOTAL $3.25 for 2 knives. ORDER NOW1 Midwest Knife Co., 9043 S. Western, Dept. DS-4957, Chicago, 111. 60620. Est. 1936. Mail Orders Only. FIND BURIED TREASURE Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new electronic detector. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, If you have an idea for a new product, or a way etc. Signals S^rv^^s. when object is detected. to make an old product better, contact us, "the idea people" We'll develop your idea, introduce it to industry, negotiate for cash sale or royalty licensing. i Write now without cost or obligation for free Financing information. Fees are charged only for contracted Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and services. So send for your FREE "Inventor's Kit." It unusual souvenir coin. Available has important Marketing Information, a special "Invention Record Form" and a Directory of 500 RELCO Dept. dd 5 Box 10839, Houston, Tex. 77018 Corporations Seeking New Products. RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION 230 Park Avenue North, New York.NY 10017 At no cost or obligation, please rush my DAMNESTY FOR DRAFT-DODGERS! FREE "Inventor's Kit No. A-183 ".

Motivation Systems, Inc. I enclose check money order America where you stand! Show P.O. Box 474 Sand for large full color bumper sticker! Springfield, N.J. 07081 for $ Name 1 for $2.98; 2 for $5.00 (postpaid) : Sorry no C.O.D.'s Address Stale zip I © Motivation Systems Inc. 1976 City State Zip. L-2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 47 — —

BINARY BLISS Holiday parties used to be Held in offices with revelry,

But something now is quite amiss Who wants to give the computer a kiss? Beth Cook

WINDSHIELD ICE SCRAPER A gadget that falls out of the glove compartment in summer, hides under the seats in winter, and breaks when you

finally try to use it. Dennis Burton

PATHFINDER

Though Santa's journey is long and cold, His path is often twisted; Rudolph's the best guide he could have His nose is UL listed! D. Hoffman HAPPY ENDING "Doctor, was my operation a.success?" "Who's a doctor? I'm St. Peter."

George E. Bergman

RATTLE TATTLE The skeletons in closets of the famous Used to stay in dim repose, But heaven knows, they're all in books today "Go and wake up Daddy— I just heard Santa Claus call Mommy 'darling'!' And over-sized, revitalized, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE They grin and dance and caper . . . A skeleton can sell a ton Of books when he's on paper! GENEROUS SOUL Maureen Cannon

There's at least one man in our town who not only has the ability to take what comes, but keeps his sense of humor, too. When his lawn- NOT EVERYTHING GOES UP mower was stolen recently he put this ad in the local paper: Christmas was a happy time, "Will the person or persons who took the new lawnmower from my But here's what caused the pain: front yard on Tuesday night please come back and pick up the 90-day Santa Claus came down the chimney, guarantee." My savings went down the drain! Shikle L. Pratt Agnes W. Thomas TOOL TACTIC

As the long-haired youth was getting his first haircut in a year the barber waved a large magnet over his head. "Don't worry," he said, "I'm just trying to find my scissors." G. G. Crabtree EQUAL RIGHTS TWIST Gathering news for a suburban column the reporter called a busy IN young mother and heard a recitation of her car pools, Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, music lessons, swimming and art lessons for her two small chil- dren. She also was working on a master's degree in library science. "I'm so tired," she sighed. "I'm a liberated woman and it's killing me!"

Lucille S. Harper WHERE TO GO? My uncle was an atheist. At his funeral he was all dressed up And had no place to go. Olga McCoy MERRY-GO-ROUND

Young men think old men fools . . . and young girls help old men

prove it! Edith M. Emmons DAFFY DEFINITION Commencement: When the collegian who learned all the answers discovers that there is a new set of questions. "Of course you can keep him, dear."

Lucille J. Goodyear THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1976 mmm,

u r!

r

Give him a hint. Make sure he knows you want Seagram's 7 Crown. For 30 years,

it's been America's favorite whiskey. And for 30 Christmases, America's favorite gift. | Say Seagram's and Be Sure. T FEEL GUILTY about your new Haband UGABLY SOFT; Natural Suede Leather SHOES

Pairs for Only

Yes, they look like the $17 and $25 resort shop shoes t here you get TWO PAIRS for $24.95! They are the comfortable weekend shoes you wear while visiting friends or out at the Country Club, or just around town. Wear them with your Leisure Suit or your favorite casual slacks. But don't be if surprised you find yourself sneaking them on during week. EVEN FOR the OFFICE WEAR ! Because this is living! • Genuine Suede Leather: • Comfortable •Incredible Basssa," •ffiftrar* ™s I These are the sturdy well-made shoes from Haband the mail order people in Paterson, N.J. You get a roomy full comfort moccasin construction with built-in box toe, flexible support snank in the arch, and proper long-wearing heel counters Then hese beautifully styled leather uppers are hand-fitted on some of e best shoe lasts in America. We fit almost one-million executives year with Haband shoes, and specialize in this fast direct personal service. Sooner or later, you too will get tired of always paying higher and higher prices for shoes. Now is a good time to discover our EXTRAORDINARY VALUES! pairs for

All Leather stitched uppers with Cushion Crepe Lt Rubber Heel and Blue Soles. Balance is fi Loafer man-made materials

, vvny sromp TWO around all in -style pairs for day heavy, dreary, out-of shoes? Wewillbeproudtoser you any of the nice shoes shown here ON APPROVAL, to see and try on . - 9 naircfoi'

HABAND COMPANY, Direct Service Dept * Available in Sizes 6&-7-7&3-8&9-9&-10- 265 N. 9th St., Paterson, N.J. 07530 1 OVi-l 1-12-13. D (Med.) & EE E (Wide) Yes Sir: Please send me pairs of your How What What h COLOR Many Soft Suede Leather Shoes, for which I Size Width P enclose my remittance of $ Brown Strap

(guarantee: ,/ understand that if at Grey Loafer any time I am not 100% delighted I may return the shoes for a full Dk.Blue Loafer refund of every penny I paid you for them! 70H-424

i ..*/'• i ZIPn