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European Community, Atlantic Community? Atlantic Community and Europe Jena Marco Mariano, For more than forty years the security alliance 1 contributors University of Piemonte of the North Atlantic Treaty symbolised the common Orientale-Vercelli A project of the interests of Western Europe and the United States, Frédéric Attal, Ine Mengens, Roosevelt Study and provided the context for all transatlantic political European University of Orléans University of Groningen Center, Middleburg and economic relations. Yet the loss of a common études contemporaines Valérie Aubourg, Jenny Raflik, and the University enemy in the Soviet Union forced a reconsideration edited by University of Cergy-Pontoise University of Cergy-Pontoise of Cergy-Pontoise. of the purpose of Nato and the mutual interests Volker Berghahn, Alexander Reinfeldt, Volume 1. that still existed between Europe and the United Columbia University University of Hamburg States. These contributions build on this post-Cold Community, Gérard Bossuat, Luis nuno Rodrigues, université War reframing of transatlantic relations and offer University of Cergy-Pontoise New University of Lisbon de Cergy-Pontoise a multi-faceted study of the values, purposes, milieus Valérie Aubourg, David Burigana, Klaus schwabe, and networks that underlay the Atlantic Community University of Padoua University of Technology, Aachen UMR Irice after 1945. For a long time the notion of “Atlantic Cornélia Constantin, Giles scott-smith, Community” was a widely used phrase denoting Atlantic école des hautes études Roosevelt Study Center, division de Diplomatie a taken-for-granted state of affairs—the organization en Sciences sociales Middleburg publique de l’Otan David Ellwood, of the West in front of the Soviet threat—with Atlantic Community? Gérard Bossuat Lara silver, very little conceptual clarity behind it. It is now University of Bologna University of Kent at Canterbury communauté an opportune moment to focus on and problematise Catherine Fraixe, Denis stairs, d’agglomération this concept from a historical perspective. In Community? école nationale supérieure Dalhousie University de Cergy-Pontoise particular, the chapters consider what it meant, d’Art de Bourges Ronald steel, how the transatlantic intellectual and policy-making and Giles Scott-Smith Victor Gavin Munte, University of Southern California éditions Soleb, elites sought to convey it to their national publics, University of Barcelona Irwin M. Wall, collection « études which circles supported it, and what the effects Andrew Johnston, University of California at contemporaines » were in social life as a whole. Carleton University Riverside/New York University ISSN 1953-9118 Gert van Klinken, Birte Wassenberg, Protestant Theological Roosevelt University of Strasbourg Study Center University in Kampen Middleburg Bernard Ludwig, University of Paris I/ 35 euros Friedrich Schiller University, Iena éditions Soleb European Community, 9 7 8 2 9 5 2 3 7 2 6 7 1 5 rue Guy-de-la-Brosse IsBn 2-9523726-7-5 75005 Paris www.soleb.com, [email protected] Soleb Atlantic Community and Europe Jena Marco Mariano, For more than forty years the security alliance 1 contributors University of Piemonte of the North Atlantic Treaty symbolised the common Orientale-Vercelli A project of the interests of Western Europe and the United States, Frédéric Attal, Ine Mengens, Roosevelt Study and provided the context for all transatlantic political European University of Orléans University of Groningen Center, Middleburg and economic relations. Yet the loss of a common études contemporaines Valérie Aubourg, Jenny Raflik, and the University enemy in the Soviet Union forced a reconsideration edited by University of Cergy-Pontoise University of Cergy-Pontoise of Cergy-Pontoise. of the purpose of Nato and the mutual interests Volker Berghahn, Alexander Reinfeldt, Volume 1. that still existed between Europe and the United Columbia University University of Hamburg States. These contributions build on this post-Cold Community, Gérard Bossuat, Luis nuno Rodrigues, université War reframing of transatlantic relations and offer University of Cergy-Pontoise New University of Lisbon de Cergy-Pontoise a multi-faceted study of the values, purposes, milieus Valérie Aubourg, David Burigana, Klaus schwabe, and networks that underlay the Atlantic Community University of Padoua University of Technology, Aachen UMR Irice after 1945. For a long time the notion of “Atlantic Cornélia Constantin, Giles scott-smith, Community” was a widely used phrase denoting Atlantic école des hautes études Roosevelt Study Center, division de Diplomatie a taken-for-granted state of affairs—the organization en Sciences sociales Middleburg publique de l’Otan David Ellwood, of the West in front of the Soviet threat—with Atlantic Community? Gérard Bossuat Lara silver, very little conceptual clarity behind it. It is now University of Bologna University of Kent at Canterbury communauté an opportune moment to focus on and problematise Catherine Fraixe, Denis stairs, d’agglomération this concept from a historical perspective. In Community? école nationale supérieure Dalhousie University de Cergy-Pontoise particular, the chapters consider what it meant, d’Art de Bourges Ronald steel, how the transatlantic intellectual and policy-making and Giles Scott-Smith Victor Gavin Munte, University of Southern California éditions Soleb, elites sought to convey it to their national publics, University of Barcelona Irwin M. Wall, collection « études which circles supported it, and what the effects Andrew Johnston, University of California at contemporaines » were in social life as a whole. Carleton University Riverside/New York University ISSN 1953-9118 Gert van Klinken, Birte Wassenberg, Protestant Theological Roosevelt University of Strasbourg Study Center University in Kampen Middleburg Bernard Ludwig, University of Paris I/ 35 euros Friedrich Schiller University, Iena éditions Soleb European Community, 9 7 8 2 9 5 2 3 7 2 6 7 1 5 rue Guy-de-la-Brosse IsBn 2-9523726-7-5 75005 Paris www.soleb.com, [email protected] Soleb Atlantic Community and Europe 1 European edited by Community, Valérie Aubourg, Atlantic Gérard Bossuat Community? and Giles Scott-Smith Soleb summary Introduction 7 The Transatlantic Imaginary: Constructing the Atlantic Community during the early Cold War Valérie Aubourg and Giles Scott-Smith 8 Walter Lippmann and the Invention of the Atlantic Community Ronald Steel 28 European Community, Framing the Atlantic Community: Atlantic Reflection on Transatlantic Exchanges Community? and Strategies of Dissemination 37 2 From the Marshall Plan to Atlanticism: summary Communication Strategies and Geopolitical Narratives David W. Ellwood 38 The Political Use of Metaphor in the Construction of the Atlantic Community Lara C. A. Silver 60 Identity and Informal Empire: American Public Diplomacy and the Promotion of an Atlantic Community in the 1950s Giles Scott-Smith 74 The Ford Foundation and the Forging of the Atlantic Community after World War II Volker R. Berghahn 92 National Conceptualizations of the Atlantic Community 113 « Bidault l’Atlantiste et Schuman l’Européen » : éléments d’explication d’une mythologie politique Cornelia Constantin 114 La communauté européenne et la communauté atlantique selon Ugo La Malfa Frédéric Attal 128 European Community, What Kind of Europe within the Atlantic Community? Atlantic Britain and the European Defence Community 1950-54 Community? Victor Gavin 140 3 West Germany between French and American Conceptions summary of European Unity and Atlantic Partnership 1949-60 Klaus Schwabe 158 The Atlantic Community as seen from Canada: conceptions and preferences in the Department of External Affairs Denis Stairs 180 summary European Integration and the Atlantic Community: Transatlantic Perceptions and Projections 215 Communautés européennes, communauté atlantique, un lien paradoxal ? Gérard Bossuat 216 The High Authority of the ECSC and the “Atlantic Community” European in the 1950s: the Information Office in Washington Community, Alexander Reinfeldt 248 Atlantic Community? La communauté atlantique vue par l’Assemblée consultative du Conseil de l’Europe de 1949 à 1953 4 Birte Wassenberg 264 summary Art and Intelligence : L’American Committee on United Europe, le musée d’Art moderne de New York et la promotion d’un « art européen » dans les années cinquante Catherine Fraixe 294 Promoting the Atlantic Community: the Role of NATO 319 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the 1950s: An Atlantic Community in the Making? Ine Megens 320 “A functioning organism with its own voice”: The Temporary Council Committee and the Strategic Origins of an Atlantic Community, 1951-1952 Andrew M. Johnston 342 Des valeurs en action ? L’Agard ou la communauté atlantique des « savants-entrepreneurs » de l’aéronautique européenne (1944-1954) David Burigana 366 Creating the Texture of the Atlantic Community. European The NATO Information Service, private Atlantic networks Community, and the Atlantic Community in the 1950s Atlantic Valérie Aubourg 390 Community? Guerre psychologique et propagande anticommuniste : 5 espoirs et illusions d’une « communauté atlantique » (1948-1954) summary Bernard Ludwig 416 Margins, Borders, and Limits to the Atlantic Community 437 How Italy became Atlantic: Henry Luce, Life, and the construction of the Atlantic Community in the 1940s Marco Mariano 438 summary Crossroads of the Atlantic: Portugal, the Azores and the Atlantic Community (1943-57) Luís Nuno Rodrigues 456 Turkey’s Inclusion in the Atlantic Community: How Solid a Fit?
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