Robert BurnsLimited World Federation

Limited

www.rbwf.org.uk

1950 The digital conversion of this Burns Chronicle was sponsored by Jane Brown, Past President of The Robert Burns World Federation

The digital conversion service was provided by DDSR Document Scanning by permission of the Robert Burns World Federation Limited to whom all Copyright title belongs.

www.DDSR.com ROBERT BURNS CHRONICLE 1950

THE BURNS FEDERATION KILMARNOCK "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

Generation upon generation have agreed upon the appeti'sz°ng goodness of' the aristocrat of' all bz'scuz'ts . . . the orz'gz'nal THIN WINE by WYLLIE, BARR & ROSS LTD.

where the lovely· CRIMPIE regd. Oat Cakes come from "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER I ------~ - "------UNICORN A SCOTS MAGAZINE

UNICORN ONE SUMMER 1950

THE BURNS FEDERATION 3/6

Editor - WILLIAM MONTGOMERIE " 2 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

About ''Unicorn"

Besides suggesting new angles of approach to Robert Burns, UNICORN will advocate a wider interest in Scottish literature in general. This will include the best poets and prose writers of the past, and the best work of living writers. Non-partisan in politics and religion, we shall insist on our right to praise or blame without fear or favour. Favouring no group or clique, we shall welcome good work even if pro­ duced by a member of a group or clique, but criterion for literature will be literary, and not political or religious.

If we find that literature and politics are becoming con­ fused, we shall claim the right to examine such a situation. If we find that some group by modern methods of propaganda is claiming credit for more than it has performed we shall claim the right to say so. We shall be in automatic opposi­ tion to any literary monopoly on principle, knowing that good work in literature is often done by individuals in opposition to tyranny.

Our pages will not be closed to creative work in poetry or prose, if it is of first-class quality and not too long, but we shall consider it better to reprint an old poem that is good rather than a new poem which is just not good enough.

Published at least once a year, we look forward to the time when our circulation will justify more frequent publication.

Inquiries to James Macintyre, Treasurer, Burns Federation, 17 New Road, Mauchline. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 3 JEAN ARMOUR BURNS HOUSES CASTLE STREET, MAUCHLINE AYRSHIRE

Established in 1915 by the Glasgow and District Burns Association

These Houses were purchased, repaired, and gifted to the Association by the late Mr. Charles R. Cowie, J.P., of Glasgow. They comprise the Burns House (in which the poet and Jean Armour began housekeeping in 1;788), Dr. John M'Kenzie's House, and "Auld Nanse Tinnock's" (the "change-house" of Burns's poem "The Holy Fair") ; and provide comfortable accommodation for nine old ladies, who live rent and rate free andreceive a small pensio n.

A portion of the Burns House has been arranged as a Museum, which now contains numerous authentic relics of Jean Armour and the poet : these include the Armour Family Bible and several manuscripts of Burns.

An Endowment Fund for the maintenance of the Houses and the provision of the pensions is being formed. Contributions to this Fund would be welcomed ; they should be addressed to the Hon. Treasurer of the Association, Mr. A. N. Campbell, F.C.C.S., 141 Craiglea DriYe, Edinburgh, IO. 4 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

NATIONAL BURNS MEMORIAL COTTAGE HOMES, MAUCHLINE, AYRSHIRE. In Memory of the Poet Burns for Deserving Old People . .. That greatest of benevolent Institutions established In honour of Robert Burns." -e1.. ro• Herald.

There are now twenty modern comfortable houses for the benefit of deserving old folks. The site is an ideal one in the heart of the Burr.s Country. The Cottagers, after careful selection, occupy the houses free of rent and taxes, and, in addition, receive an annual allowance. They are chosen from all quarters. There are no irksome restrictions, they get bringing their own furniture, have their own key, and can go in and out and have their own friends visiting them as they please. Our aim is to give them, as near as practicable, their "ain fireside " and let them enjoy the evening of their lives in quiet comfort. fFurther funds are re411ired. Will ~ou please help 1 Subscriptions will be gratefully acknowledged by the Hon. Secretary, Mr. DAVID J. S. HARVEY, 65 Renfield Street, Glasgow. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 5

ST. ANDREW'S HOUSE, AYR '-.~ ,

This illustr&tion, t&ken from the m&ln &venue, ahowa the House in ita own 1TOUnd1. To the left c&u be seen the exterior of the Sun Lounge. The Scottish Horse and Motormen's Association was formed to promote Brotherhood in the Transport Industry and to establish Social Security for all men of goodwill. It has acquired St. Andrew's House, 2 Seafield Road, Ayr, as a convalescent and rest centre for members, their wives and children. Ayr was selected as the best centre for the home which judgment has been endorsed wholeheartedly by all our members. The Association will welcome inquiries from all inter· ested in its work and activities at the head office: 308 ALBERT DRIVE, GLASGOW, S.1 JOHN BRANNIGAN, Gmeral Secretary. 6 "BURNS CHRONICLE'' ADVERTISER

"THE IMMORTAL MEMORY"

Not to Scotland alone, but to the whole world, the memory of Burns is outstanding for his sympathy with the common man. His sentiments as well as the genius that has made him the unchallenged voice of his people are more than ever acceptable in the world of to-day

DAILY HERALD The Champion qf the People Unique Newspaper Service For Scotland. as tor the rest of the country, problems continue to accumulate-a con­ sequence perhaps to be expected after an intensive effort in two world wars. That these problems, difficult as they are. will be solved cannot be in doubt. but the manner of their solution will be vital for the future A thorough understanding of. their nature is therefore essential THE GLASGOW HERALD SCOTLAND'S LEADING NEWSPAPER is contributing notably to ~hat understanding: For over 166 years a partner in the develop­ ment of Scotland's resources. it is more than ever significant to-day as a guide to future progress. In its comprehensive service of reliable news and its authoritative analysis and comment it continues to perform a unique function in the community

Head Office: 65 BUCHANAN STREET. CLASCOW. C. l

London Office : 56- 57 FLEET STREET. E.C. 4 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

~O jJ(J/J!dl' ()/ IJ!O!'dS

/IA(LAU

symbolised also in The Power of Words-asthe Kemsley Press in ca.rrying I AILY R EI R [I forward these rights so triumphantly in these hectic times. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 9

DIRECT SHIPMENTS TO AND FROM

The PORT. OF GLASGOW

ON THE RIVER CLYDE serve at attractive charges INDUSTRIAL SCOTLAND and adjoining territory

FACILITIES OF THE FIRST CLASS FOR SHIPS AND CARGOES-FOREIGN AND COASTWISE

Write General Manager and Secretary THE ULTDB NAVIGATION TRVST 16 ROBERTSON STREET, GLASGOW, C.2 TELEPHONE-CENTRAL 2695 .io "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

SAVE WITH SECURITY AND PROVIDE A GENEROUS INTEREST RETURN

SHARE CAPITAL DEPOSITS • INCOME TAX BORNE BY THE SOCIETY

TOTAL ASSETS EXCEED - £14,800,000 LIQUID ASSETS EXCEED - £3,500,000 SCOTTISH

Head Office ; AMICABLE HOUSE,. CEORCE STREET, EDINBURGH, 2 Tel. No. 31991·5 Glasgow Office : Ayr Office: Amicable House. Gordon Street Amicable House, 2 New Bridge St. Tel. No. City 7935 Tel. No. 2686 Dumfries Office Kilmarnock Office : J. H. M'Gowan, Son &: Brydon 57 Titchfield Street 135 Irish Street Tel. No. 1730 Tel. 208 Managing Director: WM. 8. ALLISON, D.L., J.P. POOSIE NANSIES: - The fd historka/ resort of vagrants ; as been described as ' a howf of -zngrel bodies.'

JOHNNIE WALKER--' A famous old house, Rabbie-Thanks to you.'

SHADE OF ROBERT BURNS-' Equally interesting today, Johnnie-Thanks to you.• JOHNNIE WALKER Born 1820-still going strong

OHN WALKER & SONS, LTD .. SCOTCH WHISKY DISTILLERS, KILMARNOCK, SCOTLAND 12 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

"1ku! ~ /eind tkih p:&aluhR /iMd ;' AT GREEN'S PICTURE HOUSES GLASGOW PLAYHOUSE - GREEN'S BEDFORD GORBALS - STRATHCLYDE - TOLLCROSS RUTHERGLEN - WISHAW - BATHGATE CAMPBELTOWN - DUKDEE - DUNOON IRVINE JOHNSTONE

AT GREEN'S CAFES PLAYHOUSE AND BALLROOM, GLASGOW PLAYHOUSE, DUNDEE - PLAYHOUSE, AYR PLAYHOUSE, WISHA W - REX, CAMPBELTOWN -- . --

and All the BIG BANDS at GREEN'S PLAYHOUSE BALLROOM Renfield Street, Glasgow DANCING EVERY AFTERNOON and EVENING "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 13

Reigns wherever it's poured Met GAVIN .MAYARITEl BLENDED AND FRESHLY PACKED IN SCOTLAND

YOU,LL LIKE IT TOO !

McGAVIN & SCLANDERS : Tea Merchants : GLASGOW Tele1rams: "TEA, GLASGOW " "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

SCOTLAND Birthplace of Burns

Extends a hearty Invitation to Burns lovers throughout the world to visit ~ the land he made immortal. Your visit can help Scotland to prosperity.

Two outstanding events in Scotland in 1950 which have a particular appeal to overseas Scots are:- The great Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama, to be held from August 20 to September 10; and a Skye Week, to be held on the "Misty Isle" from May 19 to 26. The Edinburgh Festival is now re­ cognised as the leading cultural event in the world. During the Skye Week, Flora Mrs. Macleod of Macleod, Chief of the Clan Macleod, will welcome all Clansmen and Clanswomen to her home, Dunvegan Castle.

When you or your friends plan to come to Scotland write to :

THE SCOTTISH TOURIST BOARD

2 0 YORK P l ACE, EDIN BUR G_H who will be pleased to help you "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

If ...... HOUSE OF FRASER STORES FRASER SONS BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW * MUl~HEADS SAUCHIEHALL STREET, GLASGOW * ARNOTT-SIMPSONS JAMAICA STREET, GLASGOW * DALLAS'S (Milton House) COWCADDENS, GLASGOW * THE COLOSSEUM JAMAICA STREET, GLASGOW * MUIR SIMPSONS SAUCHIEHALL STREET, GLASGOW * McLAREN & SON (GLASGOW), LTD. GORDON STREET,.GLASGOW * KING'S (Fashions) SAUCHIEHALL STREET, GLASGOW * SMALLS 106 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH * PETER ALLANS SOUTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH * GORDON & STANFIELDS SOUTH METHVEN STREET, PERTH * D. & A. WALLACE HIGH STREET, PERTH * MACLACHLAN & BROWN MURRAY PLACE, STIRLING * LO GIES BARNTON STREET, STIRLING * EWINGS WHITEHALL HOUSE, DUNDEE * D. & A. PRENTICE 42 HAMILTON STREET, GREENOCK * HOURSTONS 11 * ALLOWAY STREET, AYR "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

A COACH OF YOUR OWN

For theatre parties, dances and all sorts of social functions, where transport is required, it is a simple matter to hire rour own coach. A.ii you need do is get in touch with the aearest S.M.T. office and they will assist you to make transport arrangements for your party. It is "your own coach" io every way - it will collect your party at a time and place convenient to you and bring you back when you desire. Charges are reasonable, and, where required, assistance is given in planning routes, itineraries, etc.

45 PRINCES STREET EDINBURGH BUCHANAN ST. BUS STATION, GLASGOW Depots & branches throughout Scotland "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER '7

" limited suppjy ef coloured cut-outs ef the above bust 1s available upon request to - Dry bro ugh 8', Co. , Ltd. , Edinburgh

b 18 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

NOTICES

Some of the volumes of the First Series, and all the volumes of the Second Series, of the Burns Chronicle are in print, and may be purchased through the Hon. Treasurer of the Federation­ Mr. James Macintyre, 17 New Road, Mauchline. Terms for advertisements may be obtained on application.

TO SECRETARIES OF CLUBS Changes of address should be intimated at earliest convenience to the Hon. Secretary of the Federation, Mr. William Black, Cardean, Eastfield Road, Dumfries.

SCHOOL COMPETITIONS

Copies of the Burns Federation medal may be obtained direct from Messrs. G. and G. Ponton, Ltd., Pontoprint Works, Hillington, Glasgow, S. W.2. Inquiries should be addressed to the firm. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

Scarcity Lends An Added Charm To The Things We

Most Desire . • • • •

We enjoy good things even more when we get them only now and then. And how good is an occasional glass of White Horse Scotch Whisky in these post-war years. A whisky of rich fragrance, and full, round flavour, of rare delicacy and bouquet. A whisky in which all the qualities of great age are erowned by a genial, heartening glow with never a trace of fire . .forethought and a provident care of stocks laid down in years of plenty have provided a modest supply for your pleasure to-day. But the supply is regulated. Regulated to ensure that, to-day and always, White Horse shall be the whisky 'fine as a fine liqueur.'

WHITE HORSE SCOTCH WHISKY 20 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

From one quality street to another ...

* films for the discriminating cinema•

Rose Street, Glasgow "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 21

THE WESTERN S. M. T. COMPANY, LIMITED

From Town to Town and Door to Door .. The Services of the WESTERN Company connect every Town of importance in the South-West of Scotland DAILY EXPRESS SERVICE-Direct Route GLASGOW-LONDON Fares: 30/- single 50/- return D Daily Services to BLACKPOOL, LIVERPOOL MANCHESTER and all LANCASHIRE Seats may be booked in advance at any of the Offices of the Company

Day Tours, Covering the Burns Country and the Historical and Picturesque Parts of Scotland. Tours Brochures and Time Tables on Application. Charter Buses Available for Private Parties. Head Office : Telephone 940 Bus Station, Portland Street, KILMARNOCK

Offices at: AYR • ARDROSSAN · CUMNOCK • CALDERBANK GIRVAN · GOUROCK • INCHINNAN • LARGS NEWTON MEARNS • PRESTWICK

The "Western" W a:y-The Best W a:y 22 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

"That man to man the world o'er, Shall brithers be for a' that."

The Transport and General Workers' Union believes with Robert Burns that the Brotherhood of Man can be realised at home and abroad. That is what the Union strives for every day and has a membership of over 1,300,000 in Great Britain who are known as brothers and comrades.

The Scottish membership is over I 10,000 and includes various grades who work together for the Common Good. The Union has also affiliations with transport and kindred workers in numerous countries. These are linked up with a world federation in an endeavour to provoke world standings in accordance with the teachings of Robert Burns. Arthur Deakin is the General Secretary, with his office at Transport House, Westminster, London. Tom Meikle is the Scottish Secretary, with his main office at 24 Park Circus, Glasgow. Write to him for advice and guidance on Union affairs. The Union has a branch in almost every town in Scotland.

A MAN'S A MAN FOR A' THAT. "'BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 23

EAST KILBRIDE NEW TOWN

"That I for poor old Scotland's sake Some useful plan or beuk could make, Or sing a sang at least." -Robert Burns to the guid wife of Walker House.

Scotland's most famous poet was an enthusiastic champion of planning. In his poems he plans about housing, brigs, roads, inns, agriculture, old folk, among many other subjects. The planning of the new Edinburgh would appeal to him when he was visiting the capital. The Government project to build a new town at East Kilbride for 45,000 people is in keeping with the aspira­ tions of Robert Burns. East Kilbride will be a self-contained town with its own industries, communal services, social and cultural life. It will take ten to fifteen years to build, not long considering it took Robert Burns almost two years to get his house at Ellisland built to suit his tastes and needs. If you want to start a new industry or a business m East Kilbride, write to the Secretary as follows : -

J. H. McLusKY, East Kilbride Development Corporation, Torrance House, East Kilbride, Lanarkshire.

Overseas applications and inquiries will be welcomed. Sir PATRICK DoLLAN, Chairman. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

GREAT SCOTS By J. F. HOUSTOUN Short biographies of 24 famous Scots who "made good" at home and ab10a

SCOTLAND Edited by HENRY w. MEIKLE, C.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D., His Majesty's Historiographer in Scotland. This book introduces Scotland to every kind of visitor, whatever his interests and whatever his native land, and should prove of special interest to the friends of Scotland everywhere. The country, its people, its history and institutions, its work, its culture and its sport, in short, its way of life, are dealt with by recognized experts. The book is illustrated by an excellent series of plates in colour and in half-tone. Price 15s., Post free 15s. 9d.

BEAUTIFUL SCOTLAND Contains 48 reproductions of original paintings by E. W. HASLEHUST, R.B A. Price 9s. 6d., Post Free JOs.

THE SCOTTISH BEDSIDE BOOK A collection of Prose and Verse about romantic Scotland. Jacobites, Covenanters, Highland Chiefs, Brownies, Bogles, Witches and ·warlock•, with a glossary. Price 5s., Post Free 5s. 6d.

* * *

To those of you far away from home these books should bring back happy memories and allow you to linger with us around the fireside. Friends made in your new country would also be interested in these books. We shall be happy to recommend other books on Scotland if you care to write llS. .. * Robert Gibson & Sons Glasgow Ltd. 45 Queen Street, Glasgow, C. I "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

For Your Gramophone Library 'A recorded anthology of Scottish Verse' includes:

• Tam o' Shanter' •The Address to the-~ De'il' 'To a Mouse' ~John Anderson, My Jo'

to- Write for full details of these and other titles Scotttsb 1Recorbs 230 UNION STREET, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND

IN SCOTLAND------PRODUCED AND RECORDED

Dining may dine and wine in comfort. Its beautiful Where friends paintings, its un­ including the Scots Room with historical mural Rooms, Spanish Lounge, all equalled service and good food, its delightful quaint ' combine to make its popularity. FULLY LICENSED UNDER THE SAME MANAGEMENT-ALL RESTAURANT ROGANO IN EXCHANGE PLACE, GLASGOW RESTAURANT GRANT ARMS.. IN ARGYLE STREET (BESIDE UNION STREET CORNER), GLASGOW GRAND CENTRAL :~~fA~1;hL 26 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

CROWLEY, RUSSELL & Co., Ltd. Civil Engineering Contractors Bitumen Refiners 18 Blythswood Square Glasgow, C.2

London Office -131 Victoria Street, London, S.W. I Yorkshire Office-lngs Lane, Castleford

Specialists in Reinforced Concrete Construction

Reservoirs. Bridges. Opencast Coal. Roads and Sewers. Factories. Sewage Purification Works.

Telegrams­ Telephone­ " Rexioon '' City 6204, (6 lines) "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 27

PEllTff ······ ......

· cr121cjJ I_,/ f.L~ ;;.a £-Af o-~~ tll °""II b#e{!T ~ad pOW s6:fH wm /". u.-· .l'tCOTLAND .. LI &:1 ELECTlllCllV a 0 A 1L D. -ME-ADQ!t\11..TEl.S - 62, DALZIEL DJUVE. - GLASGOW.$.~. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

Telephone: Ayr 2960 :, f ERG USON ~ .. ~~. ~ ~""'~P (A. Y. CRAWFORD) Tobacco Blender• Wholesale and Retail Tobacconists 26 NEW BRIDGE STREET AYR

Established 1799 ·~~~~~-A.O. 1949 A Century and a Half of Service

Scotland's tobacco industry vanished completely at the open­ ing of hostilities with America in 1776. After the peace of 1783 it took a full decade to re-establish itself. In the year 1799 Peter Stewart commenced business in Ayr, which prospered and expanded. In 1826 he indentured a boy named James Ferguson. James served seven years, receiving 3s. per week in the first year and 9s. per week in the seventh. Now, "when his long seven years were o'er," young Ferguson was commended by his master, Peter Stewart, for diligence and for "having honestly served the time specified in this indenture much to my satisfaction." Master and servant became so attached to one another that James Ferguson named his first child Peter Stewart Ferguson, while the now aged Peter Stewart bequeathed his flourishing tobacco business to his erstwhile apprentice, James Ferguson. The firm became James Ferguson & Son, the son becoming in time a magistrate of Ayr. When Peter Stewart Ferguson was gathered to his fathers the business was inherited by his nephew, Andrew Young Crawford, also a magistrate of Ayr, but the fragrance of auld lang syne has been preserved by the retention of the name James Ferguson & Son, and in the baptismal name of the Crawford heir and prospective successor, Peter Stewart Ferguson Crawford. Such dynastic continuity is romantic enough, but there is a far sweeter romance in remembrance.

26 NEW BRIDGE STREET : AYR "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

Specialists in High Class Joinery

E~tablished 18'19 Telephone 374-5

THOS. FINDLAY & SONS Building Contractors MAUCHLINE

COMPLETE CONTRACTS ARRANGED

Extensive Experience in Construction and Reconstruction of Byre and Dairy Premises.

We are fortunate in having a llarge number of highly skilled and exper­ ienced craftsmen in our employment.

Ask Findlay for a Price "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

THE COMMERCIAL BANK OF SCOTLAND LTD.

ESTABLISHED 1810

OVER THREE HUNDRED BRANCHES AND SUB-OFFICES IN t:i001'LAND AND THREE OFFICES JN LONDON

HEAD OFFICE : 14 GEORGE STREET, EDINBURGH

C:eneral Manager: Srn,foHN MAXWELL ERSKINE, C.B.E., D.L. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 31 The British Linen Bank Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1746

The Bank transacts every kind of HOME and OVERSEAS BANKING BUSINESS. Enquiries regarding the facilities available to customers will be welcomed at any omce of the Bank.

HEAD OFFICE : 38 St. Andrew Square - EDINBURGH

BRANCHES THROUGHOUT SCOTLAND

ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND Incorporated b'!I Ro'!lal Charter, 1727

Hf'ad Office: St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh

Branches throughout Scotland and in London

ASSOCIATED BANKS GLYN, MILLS & 00. WILLIAMS DEACON'S BANK LIMITED

Comblete Bankjng Facilities 32 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER THE UNION BANK OF SCOTLAND LIMITED

HEAD OFFICE - 110 St. Vincent Street Glasgow General Manager: John A. Morrison, M.C.

Reflects in the quality of its service the value of a sturdy Scottish independence.

Branches throughout Scotland and in London

AN INDEPENDENT SCOTTISH BANK

Bred in the Burns Country During its century of growth and development the Clydesdale Bank has been intimately associated with the Burns Country. To-day its reputation, like the Poet's is world wide. It offers every banking facility to iudustry, commerce, and to individuals alike. THE CLYDESDALE BANK LTD Jlstr,iblishtd 1838 Total As.•etR Exceed £116,000,000 Hji:AD OFFICE: 30 St. Vincent Place, Glas1ww, f'l Scotland El>INBURGH CHIEF OFFICE: 29 Geurge St. Branch.. throughout LONDON OFFICE: 30 Lombard :!treet, EC3 PICCkDILLY CIRCUS BRANCH: 31 Regem Street, SWl VICTORIA BRANCH: 52 Buckingham Palace Road, SWl General Manager: John J. Campbell "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 33

. THE SAVINGS BANK OF GLASGOW l Certified under the Act of 1863)

".V ot for to hide it in a hedge Nor 1or a train attendant But for the glorious privilege Of being independent." The Bank provides a Complete National Savings Service • ORDINARY DEPARTMENT-All funds depoeited with the Government. Depoaits received from 1/- to £500 in one year. Total Limit, £2000. lnterest-2! per cent. (compound). e SPECIAL INVESTMENT DEPT.- Dcposits from £5 to £500 received-pre1eot rate of interest 2! per cent. (compound). • GOVERNMENT STOCK and BONDS- Sub1cription1 re­ ceived for all "tap" issues. Stock and Bonds purohHed and sold. Dividends are credited to holders' accounts without deduction of Income Tax at source. • SAVINGS CERTIFICATES and STAMPS sold. • SAVINGS STAMPS are accepted as deposits. • GOVERNMENT ANNUITIBS from £1 to £300 purchaeed. Head Office 177 INGRAM STREET, GLASGOW 51 Branches throughout the City and District A TRUSTEE SAVINGS BANK _34 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

The Glasgow and West of Scotland Convalescent Seaside Homes Dunoon

Hon. Presillents-Sir John Stirling-Maxwell, Bart., K.T., V.L., LL.D. Frank Stuart, Esq., J.P. President-Sir Pa.trick J. Dolla.n, LL.D., D.L., J.P. Vice-President-Sir Hector M'Neill, LLD., F.E.I.S., J,P Hon. Secretary-T. L. Grahame Reid, Esq., W.S. Hon. Treasurer-Ajex&nder Laing, Esq., J.P.

The Homes were inaugurated: in 1869, and are the largest of their kind in Scotland. Since the Homes were opened 284,544 Persons have benefited by a period of residence. The Directors are pleased to announce that the Homes have now accommodation for 250 cornalescents, including men, women without children, and mothers with children. The Homes have not been taken over under the National Health Service Scheme, and depend on voluntary contributions.

£500 Endows a Bed in Perpetuity

~

Legacies, Subscriptions and Donations are the only source of Revenue . • • .

OFFICE: 221 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, C.1

Phone No-Douglas 1348 JOHN FARRELL, Secretary and Trea1urer ~' "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERT:piER 35

Corporation of the City of Glasgow.

GLASGOW ART GALLERY

Special

The Gallery Authorities will be glad to arrange Tours for organised parties with special reference to Pictures and Relics associated with the Life and Work of ROBERT BURNS

Please communicate with the Director.

Recent Acquisition-" The Cottar's Saturday Night" by Sir David Wilkie, R.A.

T. J. HONEYMAN, Director. "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

SCOTTISH NATIONAL DICTIONARY being p#b/is/Jed in JO V•/11111es THE OBJECT OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL DICTION ARY IS TO PRESERVE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF OUR SCOTTISH RACE

ITS VOLUMES WILL BE A STOREHOUSE 'OF INFORMATION ABOUT OUR NATIONAL CUSTOMS, OCCUPATIONS, AMUSEMENTS, SUPERSTITIONS, RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCES, LEGAL TERMS, AND PROVERBS

Fiii/ Particulars from the Semlary; SCOTTISH NATIONAL DICTIONARY KIN•'S COLLEGE, ABERDEEN

- -- . . ..

First made in Skye in 1745, Drambuie is now a prime favourite everywhere. It is an established custom to serve it at Scottish functions throughout the w~rldL _ "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER 37

lfi/teen HOTELS of RENOWN in c5cotfand

for the NATIVE SCOT ON LEA VE and VISITORS MAKING HOLIDAY in the land of everlasting beauty

Jl<.esort ~tefs

•AYR, Station Hotel KYLE OF LOCHALSH, lochalsh Hotel 1ooRNOCH HOTEL, Sutherland •STRATHPEFFER, Highland Hotel DUMFRIES, Station Hotel tTURNBERRY HOTEL, Ayrshire GLENEAGLES HOTEL, Perthshire •Temporarily Closed tReopening during;l950

At Ayr and Dumfries in the Counties intimately associated with the life and writings of the immortal Burns, the Station Hotels are admirable headquarters for excursions and expeditions.

ABERDEEN, Station Hotel GLASGOW, Central Hotel North British Hotel EDINBURGH, Caledonian Hotel St. Enoch Hotel North British Hotel INVERNESS, Station Hotel PERTH, Station Hotel

Full Tariff and particulars will tie immediately forwarded on receipt of enquiries to the Resident Managers or to : THE HOTELS EXECUTIVE BRITISH TRANSPORT 222 Marylebone Road, London, N.W.I. 38 "BURNS CHRONICLE" .ADVERTISER Selling or Buying CONSULT GUMLEYS MANAGERS OF PROPERTY 4 3 HANOVER STREET EDINBURGH

Property Agent• Surveyors Valuers Phone: Edinburgh 31016

HIS LORDSHIP'S LARDER * * FAMOUS FOR ITS. FOOD

ST. ENOCH'S SQUARE {Opposite St. Enoch Station) * * FULLY LICENSED "BURNS CHRONICLE'' ADVERTISER 39 ------· Bzplasives for all purposes

The Nobel Division of l.C.I. Ltd. manufactures all types of blasting explosives and accessories for coal mining, quarrying, opencast work, public works, etc. * The following products are also manufactured : METALLIC -STEARATES FORMATES AND ACETATES for waterproofing canvas, cloths, etc. CELLULOSE PRODUCTS for the paint and leathercloth industries. PENTAERYTHRITOL for the manufacture of synthetic resins .. POWER CARTRIDGES for starting aero and Diesel engines.

For further information please write to : ® IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. ,4, BLYTHSWOOD SQUARE, GLASGOW, C.2

TELEPHONE: DOUGLAS7020 "BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

•-au.~

BEA Fly BEA to Scotland I For business or pleasure, give takes yourself more time in Scotland by flying, and enjoy BEA courtesy and comfort on your journey. you Regular services from London to Glasgow and Edinburgh, also there from Belfast to Glasgow.

and Use the BEA network for getting about conveniently in Scotland, too. Regular services from brings Glasgow to Islay, Campbeltown, the Hebrides, Wick, Orkney and you Shetland. back

BRITtSH EUROPEAN AIRWAYS BURNS CHRONICLE

BURNS CHRONICLE AND CLUB DIRECTORY

INSTITUTED 1891 PUBLISHED AN NU ALLY

SECOND SERIES : VOLUME XXV

THE BURNS FEDERATION KILMARNOCK

I 9 5 0 PIU!ft'KD BY wtLLl.lK RODG& AllD OPJIPAKT, LTD GLAlleOW Al'ID EDlNBUllGR LIST OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Editorial - I

Is Scots A Good Language for Poets? by Joseph Macleod 4

Lallans: A Plea For The Kail-Y aird, by Alexander Gray - 9

Burns and the Scottish Milkmaid, by Hilton Brown - 15

Folk Poetry and Robert Burns, by William Montgomerie 21

Burnsiana, by Dr. Robert D. Thornton 30

The Language of Burns, by David Murison - 39

Robert Burns and Renfrewshire, by Andrew M'Callum - 48

Arbroath Declaration of Scottish Independence, by A. J. Dunlop 56

Book Reviews - 6I THE BURNS FEDERATION: (a) List of Hon. Presidents, Hon. Vice-Presidents, Executive Committee (Office-bearers and District Representatives), Sub-Committees, and Auditors 66 (b) Constitution and Rules 69 (c) List of Districts - 73 (rl) List of Past-Presidents 82 (e) List of places at which the Annual Conference has been held 82 (f) Minutes of the Annual Conference, 1948: incor- porating the Hon. Secretary's annual report - 83

(g) Conference Sermon 100 ( h) Annual reports : (1) Burns Chronicle - rn3 (2) Financial Statement rn4 (3) School Competitions 106 (z) Burns Club notes rn8 (k) Numerical list of Clubs on the Roll - 123 (!) Alphabetical list of Clubs on the Roll 16c;

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

James T. Picken - facing page 1 Hans Hecht 16 Mary Thomson " " 83 EDITORIAL NOTE

The Burns Federation does not accept any responsibility for statements made or opinions expressed in the Burns Chronicle. The writers are responsible for articles signed by them.

Letters and offers of original articles should be addressed to the Editor. Articles offered should be in typescript, with double spacing and on one side of the paper.

WILLIAM MoNTGOMBRIE.

I I CASTLE TERRACE, BllOUGHTY FEllllY.

Photo . by Dickinson-Monteith MR. )AMES T. PICKEN, Honorary President. EDITORIAL

The present number in its contents shows, we hope, something of the shape of things to come. Emphasis is laid not so much on Robert Burns the man, or lover, or philosopher-though these are not forgotten-but rather on Robert Burns the poet. A poet uses language, and Mr. David Murison, Editor of the Scottish National Dictionary, whose work is backed by the Burns Federa­ tion, has written on that aspect of our poet's work. Robert Burns did not write in a vacuum, but in eighteenth century Scotland. Because we would like to know still mere about his poetical background, there are two essays about that, nne of them by Dr. Robert D. Thornton, who, in the U.S.A. (in Harvard and elsewhere) has access to material that his country­ men, in their interest in such things, have transported to the States. We thank Dr. Thornton for restoring to Scotland a few of the poems that once emigrated. Another question in which the Burns Federation has not in the past taken any official interest follows from a consideration of Burns' language. James Watson, Allan Ramsay, Robert Fergusson, and others, including the Scottish people themselves who preserved our folk songs in oral tradition, prepared eighteenth century Scotland for Robert Burns. There have been many rash statements in recent years that we have been able to do in one generation what took the eighteenth century nearly a hundred years to achieve, namely, to bring about a literary renaissance. The amount of balanced criticism on this renaissance is not enough as yet to bind in a very small book. As a beginning, we have included in this number essays by two poets, Sir Alexander Gray and Mr. Joseph Macleod, whose names have not so far been associated with the controversy and who may for that reason be listened to quietly, for they have something to say. Remembering too that English is one of the three spoken languages of Scotland, we have no intention of forgetting poets who write in one of the languages Burns himself used. Having included an essay dealing with Scottish Folk Poetry, it is appropriate at this point to confess that the theme of Scottish Folk Song-from the musical angle-is untouched in this number, but this is only a temporary lapse, we hope. If any reader of this A .2 EDITORIAL paragraph happens to know the whereabouts of any manuscript collection of anonymous Scottish Folk Songs, and Children's Sing­ ing Games (words or music, or both), of anonymous Scottish Folk Tales and Folk Rhymes, we would like to know its resting place, and the possibilities of examining it. We would also like to be informed of any man or woman who has a traditional knowledge of such things, not from books. Readers could record them (with music, if any) or allow us to make arrangements for recording them. We are interested in the possibilities of the Folklore Institute of Scotland becoming a less exclusively Gaelic body in organisa­ tion and interests. Our interests, beginning with the work of Robert Burns, are in the Lowlands. Soon we hope to sec the Lowlands adequately represented in this new FIOS. This follows naturally from our official backing of the Scottish National Dictionary. Our new magazine, UNICORN, will advocate some kind of co-ordination of effort in the study of Scottish literature, language and music, and we hope that its pages will reflect this. May we draw our readers' attention to the facsimile of the Arbroath Declaration of Scottish Independence, which the Burns Federation is issuing to the Secondary Schools and Training Colleges of Scotland. We have included a short historical account of this document. A limited number of extra copies arc being printed, for distribution, at a charge of one guinea. Last, but not least, I would like as Editor to thank members of the Executive and individual members of the Federation who helped to make the task of editing a pleasant one. Mr. William mack, Editor of the Club Directory (the second half of this periodical), has been most co-operative. On behalf of the Federation, 1 would like to thank Sir Patrick Dollan for his energetic and unobtrusive work which has gone a long way toward making this number a financial success. His promise of continued support and the necessary work of selling the Chromcle and UNICORN should make the Burns Federation the proud owner of an influential periodical. We are aiming at nothing less than the very best in UNICORN. Anything less would not be worth working for. It shoukl now be the duty of each member of a Burns Club to see that UNICORN is known to every bookseller in Britain and the Commonwealth. E\'ery reader who is satisfied with the quality of this number of the Robert Burns Chronicle should feel it his duty to sell as EDITORIAL 3 many copies of it as is humanly possible inside and outside the Federation. Our target is still 10,000 copies. Can you sell at least ten copies?

I PAY MY RESPECTS

J. T. PICKEN, H

A pilgrimage to the land of Burns. Following many years of study of the life and works of Robert Burns, I arrived in Dum­ fries in January, 1949, to introduce myself as representative of the Victorian Scottish Union, Australia, and to take my place at several gatherings in honour of the poet's memory. I was proudly privileged, by invitation, to deliver the Immortal Memory toast at Glasgow, Dumfries, Carlisle and Gourock, in addition to attending the functions at several other Burns Clubs. Officials of the Federation as well as of the individual clubs extended kindness and courtesy far beyond my expectations. I was overwhelmed with receptions till my hour of departure, and carried with me the certain knowledge of real friendships formed. I wonder if my visit could become a starting point for the periodical interchange of Burns speakers throughout the Empire, or, better still, the English-speaking world. There is nothing strange about an Australian coming so far to pay tribute to Robert Burns, nor is there in the suggestion I have made, for he, if ever a man did, belongs to the whole world. To those carrying on the great work of the Burns Federation and associated Burns Clubs I convey greetings and thanks.

Melbourne. IS SCOTS A GOOD LANGUAGE FOR POETS?

JosEPH ~CLEOD.

A serious, responsible poet does not aim primarily at being "poetic"-in the sense that he does not wish merely to manipulate words which have become recognised as adequately expressing a recognised poetic idea. To do that, is the action of a person wish­ ing to "be a poet." The person who wishes to write poetry, on the other hand, the serious, responsible poet, is constantly seeking accurate and concise phrases; phrases, that is, which will correctly carry not only the ideas in his mind, but the overtones or implications of these ideas also, and just as accurately; and the more concisely, the better. Such phrases may be highly coloured like "the chariot of night," or elegantly fanciful like "feathered choirs," or just dead­ accurate like "Prithee undo this button." But in every case the overtones, often passing on to a second plane and a third, spring from the meaning born by each word in general usage at the time it was chosen. Shakespeare in one of his sonnets, wishing to tell his mistress how, as soon as he got into his bed at night, his thoughts raced off to her the whole long distance of their physical separation, wrote that they intend a zealous pilgrimage to thee. He might have chosen: do make, do take, go on, start up, direct, or just begin. But he chose this word, intend. The over­ tone is here not only that of intention; at that time to intend a journey was a dignified, educated, deliberate, official sort of phrase, derived from the Latin intendere iter, "to direct a journey toward a required destination." Coupled with the spiritual over­ tones of zealous and pilgrimage, the effect of it is to cover the whole personality of the man writing. The society poets of the 18th century were content with standardised words for locomotion: advance, repair, tread, or move: as if all human beings were involved in some ceremony. And indeed life was very ceremonious then for poets and their readers. Later, however, the romantic poets, after nature had IS SCOTS A GOOD LANGUAGE FOR POETS? 5 become scenery and scenery food for thought, and the poet was in rebellion against society, rejected such words as conventionalised and dead, and used the vaguer, solitary idioms: wander, walk or stray. As long as a language is growing, and words are being imported, like caracole or piaffe, a poet has a fair range to choose his accurate word from. But after that process has ceased, and word after word loses its original brightness, the poet is in an awkward position: as Tennyson was when in "The Brook" he wished to bring up vivid images of movement. He found there were not enough words in the language at that time. In this poem, out of 26 verbs or verbal phrases, five are flat, dull ones like come, go, flow or travel; five are verbs of sound; and five are verbs of light; the remainder being weak images, such as hu"y down, slip, slide, linger. The movement of the brook has to be conveyed by a general impression, made up of speed, texture, rhyme and rhythm. This, of necessity, makes it lose conciseness. The English vocabulary has been contracting in this manner for a long time. Words like vaunce forth, sped, pursued, have either dropped out, or are only usable as deliberate counters to call up archaic overtones. Further, many common words bear several meanings, from which it is hard to isolate the one required. To blast, for instance, which in Raleigh's line- "Tell Beauty how she blasteth," had meant to shrivel as a flower does, now carries four other overtones: to blow up, to sound a horn, to smelt ore, and an expletive. The last makes the word practically unusable, especially in the past participle. And anyone who has tried to express his thoughts poetically must be aware of the exasperation caused _by trying to separate out the contemporary meanings of catch, line, set, mean, or fast. So the contemporary poet either somewhat sloppily allows an ambiguity of overtone to remain, or has recourse to additional words, like pocket batteries, to put a spark into the dead word. Thus Spender: of a railway train- " Gliding like a queen;" Osbert Sitwell: "frightened woolly clouds, like sheep, scu"y." Or else they break the whole idea up into smaller splinters, or remote harmonics scarcely audible to the human ear, as Dylan Thomas: "The knave of pain steals off the sea-halved faith that blew time to his knees." After which chaos may ensue. 6 IS SCOTS A GOOD LANGUAGE FOR POETS? The contemporary Scottish poet, on the other hand, if he wishes to find the right word to describe a motion has an enormous treasury to draw from. Most peasant languages have a rich vocabulary to describe human activities and characteristics : Russian, for example, and Spanish. But I have never heard of any language that has the wealth that Scots has. In this one case of human walking, for an example, there are verbs connecting with locality : to platter= to walk smartly in water or mud. There are verbs that vary with temperament: to doichle =to walk in a dreamy, stupid state. There are verbs connoting age: to trootle =to walk with short, quick steps, as children beginning to walk; or to hodle=to walk more quickly than a child. There are social verbs : to powter = to go about aimlessly or to the annoy­ ance of others. And beside all these, there are many verbs of mere gait: to daddle, to doiter, to link, to scliff, to trachle, each having its special meaning. I have noted some fifty such verbs of walking in Chambers, but there are more to be found elsewhere. However, it is not neces­ sary for a poet to ransack a dictionary if he wishes to find the word wealth of Scots. Masses of poetically useful, bright, living words are heard in the street or the countryside to-day. Suppose a Scots poet wishes to bring up an image of collec­ tiveness, a lot of things, thoughts, or whatever it may be. By a metaphor the English poet can use: crowd, or multitude, assembly, congeries, or some such vague word. The Scots poet can sharpen the metaphor with greater accuracy by using: hatter, if -the collection is irregular or disorganised; spreeth, if it is scattered; clanjamfrey, if it is to be looked down upon; curriebuc­ tion, if it is noisy and dangerous; smytrie, if the component parts are small; rickle, if it has been thrown together haphazard; or he can link up with the past by referring to the skailan o' the bike, when it breaks up. Suppose now he wishes to describe a failure of love, some way in which a feeling does not reach full strength. The English poet has a small range: stunted, deformed, weak, puny, and so on. Most of the epithets one can think of are moribund as images. At best he could venture on violent truth by such a dis­ tortion as: your haemophilic heart, or our scrumpo:x fears; which might be permissible, but the overtones would be wry, bitter, perhaps even comic, giving an impression of a divided mind, which may not suit him at all. The Scots poet has at hand a whole series of graduated words, human, indeed homely , in their texture : paulie, meaning "weak because deformed," and with an overtone of ineffectually clutching the air; shilpit, mean- IS SCOTS A GOOD LANGUAGE FOR POETS? 7 ing "like a child wet, weak, cold, pale, or all four"; or stickit, "like a candidate for the Ministry who has never quite made the grade and likely never will"; bauch, "insufficient because timid like ice thawing"; nirled, or shrivelled with cold; toutie, "like a child continually taking ill," or that matchless beautiful word werdie, "the youngest bird of a brood." Or, if he wishes to be particularly wistful and fatalistic, he can borrow from theology in taran, "the soul of an unbaptised child." English has no equivalent for many words for weather: mochie, for instance; for quantity, a gowpen ( = a double hand­ ful); for lowse or darg. What pleasure Shakespeare would have had in considering the phrase- " weise their zealous pilgrimage!" That would have been the exact opposite of his meaning as he wrote it: to "direct by art rather than by force, to manreuvre, persuade, beguile," being used of the careful letting out of a breakable thread or the inducing of a stream by clever digging to alter its course. Many domestic words too are purely Scottish: to fiype, to rype, taigelt, and connach (=to turn inside out, to turn out, delayed because entangled in duties, to make a mess of). An English poet cannot say fresh without suggesting the American sub-meaning of cheeky; nor dump (itself an American­ ism) without the further derogatory overtone. Scots has caller and coup. An English poet is now practically tongue-tied when he wishes to describe deep longing in a single word without con­ noting a Victorian maiden or sentimental affectation. We have to grein, the very texture of which is painful, serious and pro­ tracted. There are many Scots words of an onomatopreic type which do not exist in English. There is no English for the greedy sound made by the sea in-under a rock. We have to slorp, which describes the unpleasant eating habits of a pig or pig-like man. How quick, economical and compelling is our word gar, meaning to cause to do ! How comprehensive, smeddum ! how uncompromisingly stupefying with noise, the word to deave (overtone of dowf). How derisive my own mother made the word guddle when, poetically, she shifted it from the tickling of trout to a fussy, messy action indoors (the housewife's angle on the word, not the poacher's!). There are hundreds, and thousands, of other such. We have certainly sixteen different epithets for the differentiating marks of cattle, many of which have come to bear human meanings too. 8 IS SCOTS A GOOD LANGUAGE FOR POETS? There is a whole spectrum of homely words giving progressive degrees of stupidity from various causes. Apart from these, which are current speech, there must be some sixty thousand or so Scottish words more or less familiar to readers of books. I see no objection to our makars reviving these, if they do it with poetic tact, from poetic need. Burns did so. The famous daimen icker in a thraive must have sent many Edinburgh cognoscenti running to the book shelf. And poetic phrases, however obscure, if the poet is vital enough, have a habit of flowing into current speech after a decent interval. Think of caviare to the general. Enough has been said, I hope, to show that so far from being a dead or limited language, or one at a disadvantage, Scots is on the contrary unusually favoured, rich and alive. Any English poet acquainted with the tongue might well envy us. Whether preponderatingly English interests in the editorial and publishing worlds are bound to prevent our new Scots poetry from taking its full place in the world, or whether there will remain the snobbish indifference of readers which has prevailed for a century or so, is another question. But similar odds have been in fact overcome in other countries.

The nine-pint bicker's fa'n aff the bink, And broke the ten-pint cannie; The wife and her kimmers sat doon tac drink, But ne'er a drap gae the guidmannie.

The bairns they a' set up the cry, "The deuks hae dung ower my daddy !" "There's no muckle maitter," quo the guidwife, "For he was but a daidlin body." -hllTH. LALLANS: A PLEA FOR THE K.AIL-YAIRD

By ALEXANDER GRAY

(From a Broadcast)

My subject is, broadly, the speech of Scotland. I propose to-night to make myself unpopular-in certain quarters-by saying a few words in support of what I understand is called a "defeatist attitude." Perhaps I may plead for clemency on the ground that I have my roots far back in the Victorian era. If I am slightly junior to Hugh Haliburton, I must still bear the reproach of being, more or less, a contemporary of Charles Murray, Violet Jacob and Marion Angus. Let me state at once my central defeatist heresy. I am not prepared to admit that Scots is now, or ever was, a separate language, as distinct from English as Dutch is, to take an example not infrequently cited. It follows that for me the relationship between English and Scots is a dialect relationship. If you are sensitive and do not like to say that Scots is a dialect of English, then by all means you may look upon English as a dialect of Scots; L'>ut in that case you must add that the English dialect of Scots has bagged the press, the pulpit, Parliament, the publish­ ing houses and the B.B.C. At what point, and by what dis­ tinguishing marks a dialect may lay claim to be a separate language is a nice point for discussion by the linguists, of whom I am not one. But as a layman in these matters, I apply a rough and rude test which the experts would doubtless find nonsensical. I ask whether the task of turning one into the other involves what, on any reasonable use of the term, could be called transla­ tion, or merely something much less onerous. Thus I open my Burns at random, and I find : 0, my luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; and I ask whether the process of turning these lines, and thousands more, into English involves what any harassed school-boy would look upon as a labour of translation. Indeed turning Scots into English is not translation at all. The difference between the two ro LALLANS: A PLEA FOR THE KAIL-YAIRD

speeches, as to 99 per cent., is a question of intonation and accent, of pronunciation-knowing, when you are on the Scots side of the fence, to say "fyow" when a Sassenach would say "few,"-com­ plicated, no doubt, by phrases and constructions which have a Scottish tang, and let us be frank, even in reading Burns, by a surprisingly small number of words that call for a glossary. You cannot turn Dutch into English quite so easily. Remembering that it is the duty of the old to keep silence in the presence of the young, what may a left-over like me decently say about the achievements and the prospects of this Lallans, this so-called synthetic or plastic Scots? Firstly, and without any qualms, I think we may be grateful for their impact. They have stirred the waters; they have made us ask ourselves questions; they have experimented; they have filled the correspondence columns of, alternately, The Glasgow Herald and The Scotsman; and in all these respects they have been public benefactors, for it is better that the young should be unmistakably vital than that they should silently acquiesce in the slow decay of their elders. But on the general question of the future capabilities of a peculiarly Scottish speech, I am quite sure that there are enormous limitations. If some of the younger generation have dreamed of shaping a Lallans "with a full canon," that can be used for all purposes, they are merely inviting disappointment. I shall never see a three-volumed Treatise on Political Economy in choice Lallans. Such a prospect postulates a fool of an author, a fool of a publisher, and a fool of a reader-which is too much to expect. But there are deeper reasons which impose limitations on the use of Scots for literary purposes. I do not like using the word "natural," because it is rather a question-begging word. But it is difficult to avoid it. I start off with a certain distrust of literature-above all of poetry-written in a language which, if I may use the phrase, "does not come natural" to the writer. I have a suspision that the best Latin verse, even that produced at Oxford would convulse Horace and Virgil with laughter. could they but hear it. Fortunately it is never put to the test. I am aware that there are writers who have risen to eminence­ as Conrad did-in a language other than that which God and their mother originally gave them. Nevertheless, I suggest that it is more difficult for an adult to learn a dialect than a wholly distinct foreign language. The prospective Lallans poet, fresh from Eton and Balliol, if he wishes to learn French, may spend the next ten years in Paris, and make wonderful progress. But there are no accredited teachers of Lallans : he cannot go and LALLANS: A PLEA FOR THE KAIL-YAIRD II bury himself in a population speaking nothing but the Lallans of his choice. Firstly, because no one speaks it; and secondly, because in the presence of a stranger, the natives arc on their guard, and do their best to speak the language of the B.B.C. Heaven help me, when I go to my village now, they talk to me as if I were the Minister. The danger of this is that those who have not learned the feel of a dialect in their youth may find it uncommonly difficult to repair this defect later. For language is much more than words: words you may learn from a diction­ ary, or from reading Gawain Douglas with a note-book in your hand; but syntax, the construction of a sentence, the smell of a word you have unearthed, you will hardly extract even from Jamieson. One curious consequence of this is that the Revivalists are on much safer ground in one sense when, like the virtuous woman, they bring their goods from afar. The "howedumbdeid" stirs me to no resentment; for all I know, of my own knowledge, it may be a medicinal plant or a deep-sea fish, or one of the diseases of women. I am therefore prepared to accept unques­ tioningly any meaning that may be assigned to it. But when it comes to words current in the last 100 years, those of us who have had a great company of aunts with linguistic roots in the early part of last century, are much more sensitive. Two words, -airt and aunterin, or as we usually said an aunterin ane-have enjoyed considerable popularity : it is surprising how frequently they leave the impression that they are not just quite right. The manner in which a knowledge of the various Scots dialect has survived, presents some curious features. Let me give you an early example in the long series of lamentations on the decay of Scots. In the Invocation to The Fortunate Shepherdess, Scota addresses the author in these words : We've words a fouth that we can ea' our ain, Though frae them now my childer sair refrain. That was probably written about 1750; it is the familiar com­ plaint that the younger generation are falling off. Yet when I read Helenore, I find but few words with which I was not familiar over fifty years ago. One aspect of this survival of dialect is, I think, rather peculiar to Scotland. It has been, in the past, the glory of our educational system, supplemented by the drive of a poor country compelling its children to get out and get on, that in each genera­ tion a very considerable proportion of our teachers, our lawyers, our doctors and our ministers have been drawn from those sections of the population for whom a dialect is the daily and 12 LALLANS: A PLEA FOR THE KAIL-YAIRD

natural form of speech. And you know what happens. In these men, struggling it may be to make ends meet in London, or holding the gorgeous East in fee, the original vernacular (or whatever you care to call it) gets overlaid, but it is always there. It comes out in moments of emotion; it comes out on the golf course or on their death-bed; and when they babble of green fields, the words they use are those which they babbled long ago in their own fields at home. I doubt whether anywhere else will you find so large a proportion of men of education and position, ordinarily using the standard language, to whom never­ theless a dialect is in certain circumstances and for certain pur­ poses, entirely natural and inevitable. Let us get down more closely in the light of what I have said to what is the appropriate field of dialect literature. I think a useful distinction might be drawn between literature that is meant to be read and literature that is meant to be heard. I suggest that the first of these lies outside the scope of eyen the most reinvigorated Lallans; and under this I exclude all text­ books on the steam-engine, all histories of Rome and much more. But just because dialect is primarily spoken and heard, any form of literature that ought not to be read in silence may properly be expressed in dialect. Songs never should be read : they should be sung. Poetry should be "soughed"-audibly but no more-to beguile the time spent in the bath or the tramcar­ though I draw the line for this purpose somewhat short of Paradise Lost and The Essay on Man. Drama should be seen and heard. In these fields then, where the ear is, if anything, more important than the eye, you have the sphere in which dialect is entirely in place. More or less, it comes down to lyrical poetry and some forms of drama. One last fragment of heretical defeatism. If we are to use dialect naturally, then we must use it with reference to that part of our experience in which dialect would naturally be spoken. This probably means, among other things, that dialect excels in dealing with the simple experiences of simple men. Here lies the danger; here also, if the danger is avoided, lies the supreme triumph of the vernacular. For if you are dealing with those things which make up the lives of those who naturally speak in dialect, you are forced in the main to go back to your village, wherever that may be, and project yourself into the life which you might have led there. And that is why vernacular literature always will be, always must be-to accept an epithet of contempt­ a somewhat nostalgic literature of the Kailyaird. You have to accept frankly the awful danger of these dominies and beadles, LALLANS: A PLEA FOR THE KAIL-YAIRD 13 and the wee sma' hoose in the glen, and all the tawdry scnti­ mentalisings which these may provoke. But there is the other side. Having avoided these dangers, how supremely impressive may be the simplicity of dialect in treating of simple things. The most astonishing thing about good dialect poetry is the amazing dignity and rightness of phrases which transmuted word for word into English would· be completely banal. Nor let it be said that I am unduly limiting the field of the vernacular poet. What after all are the proper subjects of lyrical poetry? I think in any language there are but three. There is the praise which a man owes to his Creator and the glory he finds in his marvellous works; there is the delight a man takes in a woman; thirdly, and greatest of all themes, there is the passage of time. But all these are open to the dialect writer, even as I have restricted him. May not a man praise God in the Kailyaird? May not a man love a woman there? I am credibly informed that it has been done. Mqy he not even there see symbolised the passing of all things? And if he can but avoid the dangers which undoubtedly beset him, he may, using dialect, say things which could never have been so happily expressed in standard English. I would have liked to read you a poem by Marion Angus, The Fiddler, which reveals the Fiddler's Wife seeing the ruins of her life symbolised in "the heather creep, creepin' Ower the bonnie dryin' green." That, I suppose, is the poetry of the bleaching-green, which usually lies alongside the Kailyaird. I suggest that if our back­ garden can yield such perfection, we have a duty to cultivate our back-garden.

SCOTTISH NURSERY RHYMES Readers of the Burns Chronicle who already possess a copy of Scottish Nursery Rhymes, published by the Hogarth Press recently, may like to be told of a second collection called Sandy Candy, issued by the same publishers at 7s. 6d. This brings the total of recorded Scottish Nursery Rhymes to well over 500, the most complete collection yet made. This is the first time such a com­ plete collection has been published for children. The editors prepared these books in order to make Scottish children familiar with the language of Burns at an age when most children learn their mother tongue. The book is illustrated. TUA SONETS SENT BY MY FREIND A.S.

(Alexander Sempill? ea. 1617)

I.

Thou kno's braue gallant, that our Scottich braines Hawe ay bein England's equals ewery way; Quhair als rair muse, and martiall myndis remaines, With als renouned records to this day. Thoght we be not enrol'd so rich as they, Yit haue we wits of worth enrich'd more rare: As for thair Sidneyes science, quhich they say, Surpasseth all in his Arcadian air,- Cum, I haue found our wcsterne feelds als fair; Go thou to work, and I schall be thy guyde, And schcw the of a sueiter subject thair­ Borne Beuties wonder on the banks of Clyd ! Philocle and Pamela, those sueit twain Quho lake bot thee to eternize thair name.

II.

Play thou the Sidney to thy native soyle, And rouse thy silwer pen, yat sleept this quhyle, And spair not for thy tyme-beguyling toyle; Nor spend thy gallant spirit in exylc ! For first, thou art ane Lower by thy style, Then borne ane Westerne, quhair those Ladyes wse,­ And they the only objeit of this Ile- Quhoise rair renouned worth I kna thou lowse, May moue thee as tlaair champioun, quhom they chuse, To cheir thy braines and grace tham with the best. Sprang thou from Maxwell and Montgomeries muse? To let our poets perisch in the West! No, no I brauc youth, continow in thy kynd, No sueitar subject sail thy Muses fynd.

-From Miscellaneous Poems by Sir William Muir, Knight of Rowallan, Author of The Trve crvcifi:xe, in "Ancient Ballads and Songs," by Thomas Lyle, 1827. BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID

By HILTON BROWN

It is an odd thing-yet not inconsistent with his inconsistent character-that Burns, for all his boasted humanity and all his undoubted warmness of heart, held out no very helpful hand to less distinguished "votaries at the court of the Tuneful Sisters." In and about Ayrshire at the time a number of miscellaneous characters were attempting to write verse-Sillar, Simpson, Campbell, Fisher, Walker the Tailor, and so on; there is no evidence that the company received much encouragement from its jeunc premier. To say that most of these were, from the public point of view, better discouraged is not wholly to absolve Burns; success exacts its penalties and few people are the better for being discouraged-from the point of view of their own particular well-being. And "among the train" there was one to whom he was definitely ungenerou&--Janet Little the Scottish Milkmaid. Perhaps Janet was just good enough to be, not certainly a rival, but a disquieting imitation. Burns was ready to praise extravagantly the verses of Mrs. Dunlop (with whom I strongly suspect the Milkmaid collaborated), Clarinda or Maria Riddell; but then these were ladies-dilettante, amateur, non­ competitive with Burns. Janet Little on the other hand trespassed on his own particular preserve; a Scottish Milkmaid was dangerously like a Ploughman Poet. Burns fought shy of her. He had of course his excuses. He had already let himself in for one fan of the type that sticketh closer than a brother-that well-intentioned but exacting and frequently exasperating lady, Mrs. Dunlop of Dunlop. Was he then to be saddled in addition with the fan of the fan, the protegee of the protegee? Mrs. Dunlop thought yes; Burns thought no. With some alarm he saw himsdf conning and criticising the effusions of the Milkmaid over a period of years, and he felt that he had enough of that sort of thing on his hands already. One might say, bien ententlu, that Clarinda wrote like Sappho or that Maria's couplets were far above contemporary average; but then aarinda and Maria, apart altogether from their social advantages, were desirable as female objects. Perhaps Burns had a surreptitious peep at the r6 -BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID Milkmaid and found her otherwise; she was a great big woman, bony and coarse-featured and masculine. Yet from all accounts just such another, the grenadier Elizabeth Paton, had lured him into his first essay in paternity. More probably therefore he shied off the Milkmaid just because she was a Milkmaid. "From the dull confines of a country shade," wrote Janet, "A rustic damsel issues forth her lays." Burns may have thought that he could issue forth all the rusticity that was necessary or desirable in that part of the world. One may suspect that Janet was not altogether disinterested in her reverent approach to him whom she hailed as "the honour of our isle." How could she be? Janet was human and there­ fore ambitious; she believed in her writing though, like Burns, she played it down with assumed modesty in public. Could she not catch hold of the coat tails of "the charming Burns, the Muse's care, of all her sons the pride" and with him soar to the higher levels of Parnassus? Heaven had set this genius in the locality and blessed him with remarkable success; Heaven-she was a great believer in Heaven...:._had also cast Janet's lines with those of a family, the Dunlops, to whom the Bard was well· disposed and of whom one at least exercised over him a con· siderable influence. It would have seemed flying in the face of Providence to ignore these coincidences. Could she not cash in on them? She stalked Apollo first through Mrs. Dunlop. We know with what result; Burns, pressed by that lady to peruse the masterpieces of the Loudoun Castle dairymaid, inquired most offensively if he really must. Mrs. Dunlop, choked off, retired in dudgeon. But Janet Little was a woman of will; she determined to strike for herself. On the 12th of July, 1789, she wrote Burns one of those long, long letters of which he already received so many from her fairy godmother. She hoped he would pardon her boldness, she was conscious of unworthiness, her hand trembled, and so on; all the same she did, in set terms, most earnestly solicit his favour and friendship. She enclosed "some verses addressed to you"-a longish poem beginning "Fair fa' the honest rustic swain," an apostrophe which Burns may or may not have enjoyed. "P.S.­ If you would condescend to honour me with a few lines from your hand" ... Burns didn't condescend; but a couple of months later he wrote rather shamefacedly to Mrs. Dunlop about her "poetess"; her letter had been a "very ingenious but modest composition" and he would certainly have answered it if he hadn't been so busy at the time over Ellisland. (Burns had plenty HANS H ECHT, Burns Biographer.

BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID 17 of spare time in the evenings just then at Ellisland.) Janet, watching the posts at Loudoun, was disappointed. Disappointed but not defeated. She had relatives in Dumfries­ shire (she sprang from the farm of Nether Bogside near Eccle­ fechan) and what is the use of relatives if you never go to see them? Janet decided on a family visit. The route from Loudoun to Ecclefechan passes-<>r can pass--quite near Ellisland; Janet presented herself. Her visit, which she subsequently recorded in a poem, was ill-omened. "Hark! now he comes"-but he didn't come or came only in a sorry state because his horse "Pegasus kneeled, his rider's arm was broken by the fall," a contretemps at which "his lovely wife stood drowned in tears." But the philosophic Janet "pondered" that "No cheering draughts with ills unmixed Can mortals taste below" and that "All human fate by Heaven is fixed, Alternate joy and wo." If she gave vent to these consoling reflections on the occasion, the "lovely wife" must have felt impelled to brain her with a rolling-pin. Broken arm or no broken arm, she apparently did force herself upon Burns-<>r she says in her poem that she did; but that seems to have been the end of that. Poor Janet! How bad was the Scottish Milkmaid as a "poetess"? Let us be kind and say she could have been-as many were-much worse. Let it be remembered too that she had practically no education; she was sent into domestic service very early and all she learned she had assiduously picked up for herself in the household of her first master, the enlightened and Reverend Mr. Johnstone. Yet she could bring in "summum bonum" and "rude Eurus" with aplomb; and if she had little idea as to who the originals were of her Damon and Chloe and Calista and Alexis (Theocritus has a great deal to answer for) she could make them posture and prate in the accepted manner of the time. The trouble about poor Janet was that she had no original ideas; she could versify, with a simpering archness, some local love affair or some family jest from Loudoun but she could never give the thing that twist or point or personality without which such things are doomed. Given a model, she could copy it quite reasonably well; and if she chose bad models, so did Burns; what she could not do, and Burns could, was to infuse herself into the transcription so that it mighf become no copy but something radiantly new. Her lines scan, her rhymes are correct, once or twice one suspects a sense of humour latent but not emerging, she could contrive an imitation of "Hallowe'en" which is at least more generally intelligible than B 18 BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID the original, she could achieve in her best moments something of the Burnsian "punch"; but-she just does not come alive. In all, "The Poetical Works of Janet Little, The Scottish Milkmaid" there is no such person as Janet Little. She was perhaps lucky, in those days, to get into print at all. Yet, complying as she did with the taste of the age, she did not lack sincere admirers; the subscription list prefaced to her book, dutifully detlicated to the (twelve-year-old) Countess of Loudoun, shows nearly seven hudred names; among them are such stalwarts of letters and mentors of taste as Arnot of Dalquhatswood, Sir John Hunter Blair and Dr. Moor (sic) of London. The house of Dunlop of course backed her strongly; Mrs. Dunlop and Miss K. Dunlop put themselves down for seven copies apiece, Major Dunlop for six, Mrs. Henry of Bourdeaux (sic) for eight, and Mr. Parichon (sic) of London for two. "Mr. Robert Burns, Dum­ fries," contented himself, as did most of the subscribers, with one; but perhaps he was responsible also for those earmarked for Mr. Robert Ainsley (sic) and Dr. Adair of Edinburgh. John and Peter Wilson of Ayr brought out the book, and we know that the former at least was no man to risk money backing out­ siders. Janet must have been no fool either, for she is said to have made a round fifty pounds out of her venture-which com­ pares handsomely, mutatis mutandis, with the takings of the unbusinesslike Burns. It was certainly a more remunerative reward than that of her compatriot Sillar; but then a man who could write reprovingly "The ill effects of whiskey still Remain unsung," and then proceed to sing them at great length, had little hope in eighteenth-century Scotland. The reviews if any of Janet's Poetical Works have not survived or if they have I have not seem them; but there must, I think, have been something to justify her early prophecy-" 'Vain are her hopes,' the snarling critic cries; 'Rude and imperfect is her rustic song,' " :md the "public candour" on which she "firm relied" may have been more candid than kind. Or perhaps-for who can assess the secret dreams, the unscalable hopes of authors? -the book did not set the Ayr on fire as she had believed in her heart that it would. Be that as it may, she seems to have become disgruntled with versifying. The last poem in her "Works" is To a Lady who had sent her Sillar's volume-haply with tactless praise?-and in it Janet is categorical; ... "the Muses are fled far away. They deem it disgrace with a milkmaid to stay." In the only printed version I have seen, cetera desunt, but have been supplied in manuscript "from a perfect copy" which dots the BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID 19 "I's" and crosses the "T's" with a vengeance. For on the Muses Janet continues- "Their trifling mock visits to many so dear Is the only disaster on earth I now fear. Sure Sillar much better had banished them thence Than wrote in despite of good manners and sense. . . . And lest with such dunces as these I be numbered The task will I drop nor with verse be incumbered; Though pen, ink and paper are by me in store, Oh, madam, excuse, for I ne'er shall write more."

This undertaking, apparently the fruit of the dreadful example of Sillar-and certain unspecified others-was not quite strictly kept; she did write more or at any rate she left behind her quite a bunch of manuscript poems. They were almost excruciatingly moral; and Religion, whose "salutary voice" she had once begged to hear and towards whose consolations she had more than once exhorted her readers, now dominated the scene. Or perhaps it was only that Janet turned from the pursuit of the Muses to the absorbing commonplaces of domestic life. When her mistress, Mrs. Dunlop's daughter, gave up Loudoun Castle and went away to London, she married one John Richmond, a man twenty years her senior, a widower with five children. According to James Paterson, this Richmond was "long a labourer at the Castle"; but I think he may have been something better than that. In fact, one may scent here at least a one-sided love­ story. For among the subscribers to Janet's Poetical Works appears the name of J. Richmond, Loudoun-kirk; and it was at Loudoun-kirk that Janet was married and lived-we hope-­ happily thereafter. Was "J. Richmond" a plodding lover, a Dobbin devoted to his Janet-Amelia; if not perhaps a plain labourer, then some insignificant underling about the Castle who for his love's sake put down his name for a copy of a book he in all probability could not read? Or certainly could not under­ stand; for what made honest John Richmond among all those Philanders and Flavias and Lorenzos? I like to think of him worshipping long and humbly in vain, held off by his Milkmaid's ambitions, out-glittered by her "Tuneful Sisters"; and then at long last, when the Sisters let poor Janet down, coming solidly into his reward. It is a pretty little romance; I make a present of it to the romantic. Janet had no children of her own; that perhaps was hardly to be expected; but she was kind to her five step-children and, 20 BURNS AND THE SCOTTISH MILKMAID with characteristic prudence, she retained the management of the Loudoun Castle dairy. If the Poetess had retired hurt, the Scottish Milkmaid held on to the end. As for Burns, he could have been kinder, he should have been kinder, but of course he was essentially right. Whether the sight of this young woman irked him-versifying, publishing, declaim­ ing her rusticity, dragging her plough in his very own rig; or whether he decided that to discourage by ignoring was after all the kindest course; it came to very much the same thing. One has to be ruthless sometimes. Not a great deal could have been made of Janet; she went a long way, considering the odds against her, without Burns's help; with it, she could have gone little further. There are those whom even Pegasus cannot lift above the ground, and it is a waste of time for Pegasus to try.

BROSE AND BUTTER Gie my love brose, brose, Gie my love brose and butter, Gie my love brose, brose, Y estreen he wanted his supper.

Jenny sits up in the laft, Jocky wad fain hae been at her, There cam a wind oot o the wast, Made a the windows tae clatter.

A goose is nae guid meat, A hen is boss within, In a pye there's muckle deceit. A puddin it is a guid thing.

Gie my love brose, brose, Gie my love brose and butter, Gie my love brose, brose, Yestreen he wanted his supper.

-From David Herd. ANON. FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS By WILLIAM MoNTGOMERIE Folk music is the basis of all music, folk poetry is the basis of all poetry, and the bulk of folk poetry was created to be sung to folk music. Though in the beginning poetry and music were one, it often happened that the music became detached from the poetry, and the poetry from the music. In the case of Elizabethan songs in England-though many are anonymous, I am not suggesting that the bulk of them were folksongs-it marked a stage in the development of literature in that country, when most of the lovely poems became detached from their appropriate music, and were printed in anthologies without the music. It made easy the process, constantly going on, of sifting out the very best of English lyrics. The periodical sifting and selecting of. music and poems is a natural process. One critic will naturally be more interested in the music than in the poetry, another will be more interested in the poetry. The words "Folk Poetry" in the title were deliberately chosen, as a sign that the subject is being approached from the literary angle. The simple reader who opens his Burns at the following lyric, and is satisfied with just enjoying it, is maybe to be envied. CocK UP YouR BEAVER When first my brave Johnie lad came to this town, He had a blue bonnet that wanted the crown, But now he has gotten a hat and a feather- Hey, brave Johnie lad, cock up your beaver! Cock up your beaver, and cock it fu' sprush ! We'll over the border and gie them a brush : There's somebody there we'll teach better behaviour­ Hey, brave Johnie lad, cock up your beaver I

In 1776, David Herd, a native of St. Cyrus in Kincardine, published two volumes called "Ancient and Modern Scottish 22 FOLK POE TRY AND ROBERT BURNS Songs, Heroic Ballads, &c.," which Sir Walter Scott called "the first classical collection of Scottish Songs and Ballads." In the second volume there is the following song- When first my dear Johny cam tae this toon, He had a blue bonnet, it wanted the croon : But noo he has gotten a hat and a feather, Hey, my Johny lad, cock up your beaver. Cock up your beaver, cock up your beaver, Hey, my Johny lad, cock up your beaver: Cock up your beaver, and cock it nae wrang, We'll a tae England ere it be lang.

When these two versions are considered together, it is not certain that Burns' version is at all superior to the traditional anonymous version that existed before Burns. It is just slightly different. David Herd printed the folk song in 1776. Robert Burns' version was not printed till 1792 in the fourth volume of Johnson's Scots Musical Museum. This is only one example of many such borrowings from traditional folk song. It was a knowledge of such facts that forced Principal John C. Shairp to write, Instead of saying that Burns created Scottish song, it would be truer to say that Scottish song created Burns. In 1826, Robert Chambers began publishing his "Rhymes of Scotland." In one of the later editions he printed this rhyme : - When first my Jamie he cam tae the toon, He had a blue bonnet, a hole in the croon; But noo he has gotten a hat and a feather : Hey Jamie lad, cock your beaver. Cock your beaver, cock your beaver, Hey, Jamie lad, cock your beaver!

There's gowd ahint, there's gowd afore, There's silk in every saddle-bore; Silver jinglin at your bridle, And grooms tae baud your horse when he stauns idle. Sae cock your beaver, cock your beaver, Hey, Jamie lad, cock your beaver I FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS It would help considerably if we knew whether Robert Chambers got that from an old manuscript, and the date of it, or if it came direct from oral tradition. Then we could work out the relationship between it and the version recorded by David Herd over half a century before. The three versions are very similar in the first stanza. There is no correct version of a folk song. One version may appeal to us more, because it is the version of our own district or because, as a folk poem, it is better poetry. Between 1819 and 1821, James Hogg published his /acobite Relics of Scotland. Song LXIV has a first stanza which is, word for word, identical with the eight lines of Robert Burns' song. This word for word identity is in itself almost complete proof that James Hogg just copied out Burns' song, made it the first eight-line stanza of his own song for which he composed three more eight-line stanzas. It looks as if James Hogg assumed Robert Burns' version to be the correct version-something one never finds in folk song­ felt it was incomplete, and finished it. With folk song, this is customary. Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, and many other poets did the same thing. The final way out of all the com­ plications is the a:sthetic one. Is this a good poem? James Hogg's "Cock up your beaver" is not a very good poem. A folk poem may be either an anonymous poem that was never composed for singing, a folk song that has lost its tune, or a folk song considered apart from its tune. A folk poem then refers to the words only, a folk song includes the tune. Though some of our folk songs were carried by emigrants to America and, till recently, sung there in some country districts, these same folk songs were left behind in the country when our population migrated from country to town. As for the country itself, the agrarian and industrial revolu­ tions of the past two centuries have-especially in recent years-­ with the pushing of 'bus lines into the country, the supply of popular amusements like the cinema in small country town, and the sale of radio sets-all dividing the few who do things more or less well from those who don't do them at all, and just listen and look-all this has destroyed the conditions under which folk song was created and preserved. In the late eighteenth century, folk song was still a living tradition. Robert Burns recorded, besides fifteen ballads, a number of folk songs, some of which have since been credited to him, FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS like The Highland Widow's Lament, which is an authentic traditional and anonymous folk song, to which Robert Burns made no claim, though it was printed in his collected works. Burns also re-wrote genuine folk songs he had heard, and completed fragments he remembered or found in Herd or elsewhere. The following, which is in the Herd MS, Whistle and I'll come tae ye, my lad, Whistle and I'll come tae ye, my lad; Gin faither and mither and a shud gae mad, Whistle and I'll come tae ye, my lad.

Robert Burns made use of unchanged. He came across some­ where the four lines, 0 corn rigs and rye rigs, 0 corn rigs are bonny, And whene'er you meet a bonny lass, Preen up her cockernony, and changed them into Corn rigs, an' barley rigs, An' corn rigs are bonie: I'll ne'er forget that happy night, Amang the rigs wi' Annie. About the time of the Reformation in Scotland, some lines were composed during the controversies of that time: -

JOHN ANDERSON John Anderson, my jo, cum in as ye gae by, And ye sall get a sheip's heid weel baken in a pye: Weel baken in a pye and a haggis in a pat; John Anderson, my jo, cum in, and ye's get that. And how do ye, cummer? and howe hae ye threven? And how mony bairns hae ye? Cummer, I have seven. Are they to your awin gude man? Na, cummer, na; For five of them were gotten, quhan he was awa. FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS There had been a simpler version of this, which turned up later in this form, How do ye, kimmer? And how do ye thrive- And how mony bairns hae ye? Kimmer, I hae five.

Are they a Johnie's? Eh I Atweel na; Twa o' them were born, When Johnie was awa.

Robert Burns also recorded another song in The Merry Muses, the first stanza of which is John Anderson, my jo, John, I wonder what you mean, To rise so soon in the morning, And set up so late at e'en? You'll blear out all your een, John; And why will you do so? Come sooner to your bed at e'en, John Anderson, my jo.

This gave him a model for the song, which most of us know as a poem, and it is the best version of all. William Dauney, in Ancient Scottish Melodies (Edinburgh, 1838), p. 256, adds some information about this song: - It is also curious to observe the same air, "John Anderson, my Jo," lurking among some ancient English popular dances under the title of "Paul's Steeple," in Hawkins's Hist., vol. V, p. 469; and from a musical MS, belonging to the Advocates' Library (dated 1704), we learn that in Scotland it was formerly used as a country dance. It is here expressly arranged as such, and after an explanation of the figure, we have the following note, which throws a new light on the manners of the day : "The tune is to be played even through once over every time : so the first couple has time to take their drink. To be danced with as many pairs as you please." Having traced John Anderson, my Jo back to its source in the dance, we have reached the first stage of so many of our folk songs. FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS Robert Burns did not always improve his models. Sometimes he did, sometimes he did not. David Herd printed a folk song:- BIRKS OF ABERGELDIE Bonny lassie, will ye go, Will ye go, will ye go, Bonny lassie, will ye go Tae the birks o Abergeldy? Ye shall get a goon o silk, A goon o silk, a goon o silk, Ye shall get a goon o silk, And coat o calimanco. Na, kind sir, I daurna gang, I daurna gang, I daurna gang, Na, kind sir, I daurna gang, My minnie she'll be angry. Sair, sair wad she flyte, Wad she flyte, wad she flyte, Sair, sair wad she flyte, And sair wad she ban me.

This folk song, with the double echo in the second line, and the third line repeating the first, is very typical. The method of repetition reduces the number of new ideas to be introduced, but reinforces those few ideas most effectively. The result is a simple and recurring folk song pattern. Robert Burns took this simple song, excellent in its own kind, and keeping almost the same chorus, wrote this--

THE BIRKS OF ABERFELDIE Bonie lassie, will ye go, Will ye go, will ye go? Bonie lassie, will ye go To the birks of Aberfeldie? Now simmer blinks on flow'ry braes, And o'er the crystal streamlets plays, Come, let us spend the lightsome days In the birks of Aberfeldie ! The little birdies blythely sing, While o'er their heads the hazels hing, Or lightly flit on wanton wing In the birks of Aberfeldie. FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS The braes ascend like lofty wa's, The foaming stream, deep-roaring, fa's O'er hung with fragrant-spreading shaws, The birks of Aberfeldie. Let Fortune's gifts at random flee, They ne'er shall draw a wish frae me, Supremely blest wi' love and thee In the birks of Aberfeldie.

Something has happened to a very satisfactory simple little folk song. All the virtue has gone out of it. One clue to what has happened is in the adjectives. Adjectives are often symptoms of bad poetry, and something most interesting has happened in this case. The folk song, The Birks of Abergeldie, has only one adjective in the whole of it, in "Bonny lassie" repeated in the third line. Robert Burns' song, The Birks of Aberfeldie, has added nine more adjectives, two of them double, as well as three adverbs, and none of them add very much to the words they qualify, or modify. It is a phenomenon worth trying to under­ stand. There was tremendous pressure on Scottish poetry of the eighteenth century from English poetry of the same time. This influence is seen in the folk song imitations and "improvements" of Allan Ramsay at the beginning of the century. The same influence, direct and indirect, is felt in the folk song imitations written by Robert Burns at the end of the century. That this influence was bad was not because it was English; we would not have had Henryson and Dunbar but for Chaucer. No, the objection to the English influence on Scottish folk poetry and art poetry, and on the poetry of Robert Burns, was not that the influence was English, but that it was eighteenth century English. I am not going to fall into the trap of condemning the poetry of Dryden and Pope and their followers from the W ordsworthian Romantic angle. The poetry of Dryden and Pope and their followers, when well written, has its own virtues. The key word may be the word "written." The poetry of Pope was very much written, and rewritten, and polished till it was what I might risk calling artificial. Folk poetry is not artificial in this sense, it is normally in its origins not a book poetry, but an oral poetry, composed for singing, and transmitted from mouth to ear, rather than from printed page to eye. Much of the Scottish poetry of the eighteenth century was improved or spoiled folk poetry, or else something not very far FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS removed from it. Behind it all was a rich tradition of oral folk poetry and folk song richer and perhaps more important than any of the book poetry. The influence of printed and read eighteenth century English poetry on Scottish poetry of the same century-evolving from folk poetry to art or book poetry-was to spoil much of it as folk poetry, and to prevent it becoming good enough for book poetry. Allan Ramsay's collections are full of this spoiled folk poetry, and there is some of it in Burns. I shall go further and say that very much of the fascination of Burns for Scottish people has been the fascination of a too little known folk song tradition shining through the poet's work. Gavin Greig, the folk song collector, has recorded his con­ clusions, and they are valuable- Our first position is this : The songs of Robert Burns have never been sung by our peasantry in general; or, put­ ting it more widely, we may say that Scottish book-songs have never been the songs of the mass of the Scottish people. This statement, as far as we know, is made for the first time in good black print. It is to me quite astounding that the Scottish people themselves should put forward the songs of Burns, Lady Nairne, Tannahill, Hogg, and Scott, as their own authentic native minstrelsy-as the songs that are and have been all along sung by swain and maid in the field and by the fireside; and that speakers and writers should work themselves into a fine frenzy over what is largely a delusion. One most significant distinction between art or book song, and authentic folk song is mentioned by Gavin Greig. He remarks how few people there are who know even one Burns song absolutely by heart, and goes on : - If any of our poet's songs is thoroughly well known it should be "Auld Lang Syne"; and yet in a company of several hundred Scotsmen joining in its strains there may not be a single soul who knows the verses right. The true folk singer of a bygone day would carry in absolute memory perhaps a couple of hundred songs and ballads, some of them extending to say 50 verses. Books then have become our mechanical memory, and I doubt if it is possible for very long to breed books from books. At this point, a reference to the eleventh labour of Hercules would be apt. It is the fight in Africa with the giant Antaeus. This giant FOLK POETRY AND ROBERT BURNS renewed his strength every time he touched his mother earth. Which brings me back in a great circle to the statement at the beginning of this essay, that folk poetry is the basis of all poetry. If Scottish folk poetry is not our mother earth, it is very near it, near enough at any rate for our art poetry to find renewal there.

TWA GENTIL BIRDIS Twa gentil birdis sat on ane tre, Twa bonnie birdis as e'er culd be, And as they sat for ay they sang, Quhyl wuddis and rochis wi echois rang. Com hidder, corn hidder, mi bonnie dow, Wi honeyit halse and dew dabbit mou, And ay the ane sang to the uthir, Com hidder, bot nae delay corn hither, Com hidder, corn hidder, and let us woo. The sun rase hie in the purpour east, And flichterit down in the glumie west, And nicht cam on befoir thair dune, In singand of this gentil crune. Com hidder, corn hidder, mi bonnie dow, Wi honeyit halse and dew dabbit mou, And ay the ane sang to the uthir, Com hidder, bot nae delay corn hither, Com hidder, corn hidder, and let us woo. Syne gaed thir birdis sua traist and free, Be nichtfal to thair herbourie, In suth to say, thair hertis wer licht, Sithens they sang thorow the nicht. Com hidder, corn hidder, mi bonnie dow, Wi honeyit halse and dew dabbit mou, And ay the ane sang to the uthir, Com hidder, bot nae delay corn hither, Com bidder, corn hidder, and let us woo.

-From "Harp of Renfrewshire." ANON. BURNSIANA

By Dr. RoBERT D. THORNTON

One can be sure that all of the songs written by Robert Burns have never been collected in any volume or edition. That Dick includes such categories as "Uncertain" and "Unknown" evidences the fact that from time to time authority may arise to claim another song from a recovered manuscript, to change an "Uncertain" to "Certain," to prove that a lyric heretofore accepted as having appeared prior to Burns is, truly, his own work except for one or two phrases in the chorus which are all that came down to him and which he desired to preserve. How is one to decide that a song is by Burns, that it should have a place among the titles in Dick's book? The problems are many. For example, I have found the following song in an 1 undated chapbook :

0 I hae lost my silken snood That tied my hair so yellow, I've gie'n my heart to the lad I loed, 1 He was a gallant fellow.

And twine it well my bonny dow, And twine it well the plaiden, The lassie lost her silken snood, In pu'ing o' the bracken.

He prais'd my e'en sae bonny blue, Sae lily white my skin, 0, And sync he prie'd my bonnie mou', And swore it was nae sin, 0.

But he has left the lass he loo'd, His ain true love forsaken, Which gars me sair to greet the snood, I lost amang the bracken.

1 See Widener Library, 25276, 31 (4), pp. 3 f. BURNSIANA 31 Inclusion of this song in a chapbook is recognition of its popularity. Burns probably knew the words before Herd printed them in his Scottish Songs (Edinburgh, 1776).2 Undoubtedly, however, he saw them in Herd and, also, where they were reprinted in the first volume of Napier's A Selection of the most Favourite Scots Songs (London, 1790).8 The "Original Sett" of the music for this song was engraved in the late 178o's (?) by Burns's close friend James Johnson. It is to be found in Neil Gow's A Fourth Collection of Strathspey Reels (Edinburgh, ?) after the title The lassie lost her Silken Snood. Johnson had also made the plates for Gow's A Collection of Strathspey Reels, which Grove dates 1784, and A Second Collection of Strathspey Reels, dedicated to the "Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Caledonian Hunt." The· names of Stephen Clarke and James Dalrymple, both friends of Burns, are among the subscribers to the latter. Burns, who had dedicated his 1787 edition to the Caledonian Hunt, had been welcomed to Edinburgh by members of that association and had probably joined in on the chorus of "The Silken Snood" when it was sung at their gather­ ings. There is another link between Burns and this song. Robert Riddell published in his New Music, 1787, an original air which he called The blue-eyed lassie. The title appears to have been suggested to him by the line, "He prais'd my e'en sae bonny blue." It was for The blue-eyed lassie that Burns composed "I gaed a waefu' gate yestreen." In 1794, Ritson published a song called "The Silken Snooded Lassie"4 that is based on the earlier version which had appeared in Herd, Napier, and in a chapbook, and for which Neil Gow had set down the original music to be engraved by James Johnson. This song follows:

Coming through the Broom at e'en, And Coming through the Broom sae Dreary, The Lassie lost her silken Snood Which cost her many a blurt and blear-Eye.

2 I, 254 f.(? 1791-Editor). 3 Page 26 (and in Johnson's Museum, 1787-Editor). 4 Scottish Songs, I, 84-86. 32 BURNSIANA (2) Fair her Hair and brent her Brow And bonny blew her e'en when near ye; The mair I wish'd her bonny Mou The mair I wish'd her for my Deary.

(3) The Broom was lang the .Lassie gay And 0 but I was unco cheary The Snood was tint I a welladay For Mirth was turn'd to blurt and blear-Eye.

(4) I prest her Hand she sigh'd, I woo'd And Speer' d what gars ye sob my Deary Quoth she I've lost my Silken Snood And never mair can look sae cheary.

(5) I said ne'er mind the Silken Snood Nae langer Mourn nor look sae dreary I'll buy you ane that's twice as good If you'll consent to be my Deary.

(6) Quoth she if you will aye be mine Nae mair the Snood shall make me dreary! I vow'd, I seal'd, and bless the time That in the Broom I met my Deary.

Ritson says in his Preface (I, iv), "song XXXIX [is taken] from a single engraved sheet." I have found this undated sheet in the Marshall collection at the Houghton Library5 ; the song, as printed above, is taken from this page, which contains both the words and the music. At the bottom is "R : Br." Unfortunately, however, in the same collection this identi­ fication is used after half-sheet songs some of which definitely are by Robert Burns and others of which definitely are not. Even before his death people realised the attraction of "R. B." after a piece. Collecting and publishing Scots songs was a popular business

s The Julian Marshall Collection of Half-sheet Songs (3 solander cases). BURNSIANA 33 during the period when Burns was working for Johnson and Thomson. Other editors and publishers were quick to capitalise on the reputation that he was making for himself, both as a poet and a writer of songs. The' thought that Burns wrote "The Silken Snooded Lassie" remains to tease the mind. Many an old lyric had prompted in him a new setting. But to-day we cannot be positive; and to-morrow somebody will point out that the song can be found in such and such a volume with the author's name-not Burns's -given below. The cases of two songs, which have been presented as the work of Burns and which arc not included in Dick, merit more serious attention. Two of these songs were published, apparently for the first time, by James D. Law in Here and There in Two Hemispheres. This book appeared in 1903, the date of The Songs of Robert Burns; but there is no reason to believe that Dick knew of its preparation or, moreover, had even heard of Law. In point of truth, the work is marked by the uncomplimentary fact that it has always remained unnoticed. Mr. Law found the following song in the Mavisgrove MSS at his ancestral home in Dumfricsshire :

SONG BY BURNS 0, Elibanks and Elibraes It was but aince I saw ye But a' my days I'll sing your praise Whatever may misca' ye. Your trees were in their freshest bloom, Your birds were singin' cheery When through your wavin' yellow broom I wander'd wi' my dearie !

How sweet the siller mornin' sped In cheerful contemplation ! How fast the gowden gloamin' fled In loving conversation I Now doon the bank and up the brae How could I ever weary In sic a place on sic a day Wi' sic a bonnie dearie I c 34 BURNSIANA 0, Elibanks and Elibraes, Aye pleasant be your waters I May a' your sons hae winning ways, And lovely be your daughters I My life to me maun surely be Existence dull and dreary If I forget the day we met When I was wi' my dearie ! JOHNNIE FAA.6

If Burns wrote this song, he most probably did so about November, 1791, while living at Dumfries. The signature is not unique for him. He signed his letter of April 22, 1791, addressed to Charles Sharpe of Hoddam, D'umfriesshire, "JoHNIE FAA-." In so doing, he was recalling the well-known figure in the song "Johny Faa, or the Gypsie laddie" (Museum, II, 189). There is evidence that Burns was composing a song on the theme of "Elibanks and Elibraes" during the same year in which he wrote "JoHNNIE FAA" after his letter to Sharpe. The follow­ ing excerpt is from a letter to Robert Ainslie, dated by Ferguson "Nov.? 1791?": My wife scolds me, my business torments me, and my sins come staring me in the face, every one telling a more bitter tale than his fellow.-When I tell you even [Bawdry] has lost its power to please, you will guess something of my hell within, and all around me.-1 began "Elibanks and Elibraes," but the stanza fell unenjoyed, and unfinished from my listless tongue : at last I luckily thought of read­ ing over an old letter of yours, that lay by me, in my book­ case, and I felt something, for the first time that I opened my eyes, of pleasurable existence. 1

Does Burns' s reference mean that he could not finish read­ ing a bawdy version of "Elibanks and Elibraes," that he could not continue composing a bawdy version of his own, or, finally, that he could not complete a drawing-room setting, perhaps the one given by Law? I think that the first possibility is unlikely. Law assumes that Burns was trying to write "decent" verses. M'Naught, as editor of the Burns Chronicle, makes the same assumption in his note to "Ellibanks" which he prints in the Burns Federation's edition of the 1801 Merry Muses. 8 The 6 Law, Here and There, pp. 463 f. 1 Letters, II, 99. BURNSIANA 35 context of the above passage suggests to me, however, that Burns tried first to lift his spirits by composing a bawdy stanza or two after the older ribald song, 9 and, that failing, turned to the letter from Ainslie, full of high-kilted spirit. Other letters of November and December, 1791, show that Burns was, at one time or another, in the mood for composition of either a tender love song or a salty cloaciniad. The stanza which fell "unenjoyed, and unfinished" may have been the begin­ ning of the verses which Law presents. Perhaps the tune which Burns hummed when he returned to the theme was Killiecrankie 1 to which the Merry Muses "Ellibanks" is set. It suits the Mavis­ grove MS song. In moments of depression, when existence is "dull and dreary," one's mind often turns to the past. Shortly after writing to Ainslie, Burns may have picked up the journal which he had kept of his border tour in 1787, a tour made with the same Bob Ainslie, and looked back on the scenes recalled by the following passages: [From the entry for May 9] Shake myself loose, after several unsuccessful efforts, of Mrs. F-r & Miss L-p and somehow or other get hold of Miss Lindsay's arm-my heart thawed into melting pleasure after being so long frozen up in the Greenland bay of Indifference amid the noise and nonsense of Edinr.-2

[From the entry for May II] I find that Miss L- would soon play the devil with me .... Sweet Isabella Lindsay, may Peace dwell in thy bosom, uninterrupted, except by the tumultuous throbbings of rapturous Love I That love-kindling eye must beam on another, not me; that graceful form must bless another's arms, not mine !3

8 D. M'Naught, ed., The Merry Muses of Caledonia (Kilmarnock, 19n), P· 57· 9 The same, pp. 57 f. 1 See Dick, p. 232. 2 J. De L. Ferguson, ed., The Journal of the Border Tour, in Fitzhugh, Robert Burns (Chapel Hill), p. III. 3 The same, pp. II 3 f. BURNSIANA [From the entry for May 14] Come to Inverleithing a famous Spaw, &: in the vicinity of the palace of Traquair, where having dined, and drank some Galloway-whey, I here remain till tomorrow-saw Elibanks &: Elibraes so famous in baudy song today-on the other side of the Tweed.... '

If the line from Law's song "It was but aince I saw ye" refers to this, the only visit known which Burns made to Elibanks, then, just as surely, the line "I wandered with my dearie" refers to Isabella Lindsay with whom Burns enjoyed the country near Eli banks. Let us assume that the "Song by Burns" from the Mavisgrove MSS is the completed form of the one which we know the Poet began. Dick would have grouped it among the "Love-Songs: Personal." The heroine is Isabella Lindsay. The date for the song is late 1791, and the tune is Killiecrankie. One thought that contributes to the plausibility of Burns having written the two songs which Law presents is the thought that the history of both songs is linked closely with Burns's residence in Dumfries where the Poet knew Colonel de Peyster, in whose home the Mavisgrove MSS were found. The second song, belonging to Dick's category "Miscellaneous," is:

To MR. Gow VISITING IN DUMFRIES (Air-Tullochgorum )5 Thrice welcome, King o' Rant and Reel I Whaur is the bard to Scotia leal Wha wadna sing o' sic a chiel And sic a glorious fiddle ! It's but a weary warl' at best, W auf an' weary-aften dreary­ It' s but a wary warl' at best, A wauf and weary widdle ! It's but a weary warl' at best, Gang north or sooth or east or west, But we will never mak' protest When near you and your fiddle I

'The same, p. 114. 5 See Scots Musical Museum, III, 298. BURNSIANA 37 Let prosy parsons pray and preach And wise professors try to teach The secrets far beyond their reach As Stradivari's fiddle I We'll leave them to themsel' s to read Things sac vexin'-and perplexin'­ We'll leave them to themsel's to read Life's cabalistic riddle!- We'll leave them to themsel's to read To spin their scheme and mak' their creed; Come, screw your pins and gie's a screed Frae your unrivall'd fiddle I

Nae fabled wizard's wand, I trow Had e'er the magic airt o' Gow When wi' a wave he draws his bow Across his wondrous fiddle I Sic fays and fairies come and dance­ Lightly tripping-hopping, skipping­ Sic fays and fairies come and dance,- Their maister in the middle ! Sic fays and fairies come and dance, So gently glide and spryly prance, And noo retreat and noo advance, When he strikes up his fiddle !

In brisk strathspcy or plaintive air What rival can wi' you compare? 0, wha could think a hank o' hair Could thus transform a fiddle? What arc the notes o' lyre or lute­ Wizzcnt, wheezy-slim and sleczy­ What arc the notes o' lyre or lute? Inconsequential diddle I What are the notes o' lyre or lute {)' pipe, piano, fife or flute Wi' a' that you can execute, On your enchanting fiddle l BURNSIANA

Wha doesna joy to hear the ring O' ilka bonny lilt and spring That ye frae recollection bring And wheedle through your fiddle I The sumph that wadna praises gie Siccan measures-siccan pleasures­ The sumph that wadna praises gie- 1' d toast him on a griddle ! The sumph that wadna praises gie A soulless clod maun surely be; A chiel should never hae to dee That half like you can fiddle ! R. B. 6

The MS is docketed "From the Poet." Burns often initialed his work just as this piece is. This song is a welcome to Nathaniel Gow, honouring his visit to Dumfries, probably in October, 1793· Burns tells of this visit in a letter to James Johnson, dated by Ferguson "Dumfries, Oct. 1793?": I was much obliged to you, my dear Friend, for making me acquainted with Gow.-He is a modest, intelligent, worthy fellow; besides his being a man of great genius in his way.-1 have spent many happy hours with him, in the short while he has been here.

There is some reason to believe that the song "To Mr. Gow" is the work of Robert Burns.

UNIVERSITY OF CoLORADO, BoULDER, CoLORADO.

6 Law, Here and There, pp. 464-66.

Happy the man Wha belangs tae nae party, Wha sits in his ain hoose, And luiks at Benarty. -Sir Michael Malcolm of Loch Orr. THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS

DAVID MuRISON.

A glance through the complete index of the Burns Chronicle reveals very few articles on the language of Burns as such, which is both surprising and disappointing, since a poet's language is the very essence of his art. It is indeed a large subject, which cannot be adequately dealt with here, but one or two points only may be made to which further research by Burns lovers might well be directed. The general picture of the Scots language is a very lop-sided one. Fully developed in verse, it is abortive in prose, due to the non-existence of a Scots Bible and the Union of the Crowns with the consequent Londonisation of the cultured classes. The Union of the Parliaments had completed the process by introduc­ ing English as the official (i.e., prose) language. As the bureau­ cracy does not talk in metre, and poetry has the slightest economic value, verse has escaped uniformity and continues to keep fairly lively. By the eighteenth century Scotland, outside Gaelic territory, had three languages; the traditional language of poetry as it had been developed by the medieval makars, Henryson, Dunbar, &c., who figure in the great collections of the Maitland and Banna­ tyne MSS., not to mention the anonymous popular authors of such poems as "The Wyf of Auchtcrmuchty" or "Christis Kirk on the Green"; secondly, the English of officialdom, of the newspaper and periodical, of the written word of correspondence, and, most important, of the Bible and of the Church and its theology, its psaltery, catechisms and the like; and, finally, the common speech of the folk in their everyday life, limited of course to their ordinary occupations, experiences and feelings and yet vigorous, pithy and colourful, the "plain braid Lallans." The linguistic situation in fact was already more or less what it is now, though English as the speech of the ascendancy had not penetrated so deeply into the social layers, and one remembers in this connection Lord Cockburn's description of the gentry in Edinburgh, who still spoke good Scots at the end of the 18th century. It is worth bearing this in mind when we think of Burns in the salons of the THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS capital, where Scots may still have been the ordinary vehicle of conversation, though some of the company would have been doing their best with English with greater or less success, the clerical and academic members best no doubt, and in every case with some self-conscious effort. There was indeed a certain tenseness in the linguistic atmosphere. The leaders of society, with Edinburgh in the van, were now in practice beginning to adopt English in everyday speech use, employing teachers of elocution from London, Irish­ men some of them, and the fallacious though common dictum that one should speak as one reads, was becoming their ideal, while, it is true, they to some extent paid lip service to the quaint­ ness and artlessness of the language of old Scots poetry. But there was a consciously pro-Scots movement at the same time in literature at least, inspired by the undoubted success of Ramsay's, and later of Fergusson's, re-assertion of everyday Scots as a poetic tongue, and not a few local poets had already published under the commonly adopted title, "Poems chiefly in the Scottish Dialect." Burns therefore was following a well-established practice with his Kilmarnock edition, and furthermore was definitely associating himself with the pro-Scots at the outset of his career. There does seem to have been an uncertainty to start with, in so far as we can be precise about the dates of his earliest efforts, from his "Commonplace Book." "Handsome Nell" is half Scots, half English, the best stanza poetically (No. 5) being significantly the best Scots one; "My Father was a Farmer" is English; "Tibbie I hae seen the Day" is Scots and a better song. And others were expressly modelled on some Scots song of the chapbook order. It was in 1784 or perhaps earlier that the choice was made consequent on Burns coming into possession of the poems of Fergusson and realising the vigour and life of the Scots tongue in the hands of a master like Fergusson. Having already made the acquaintance of Ramsay, he can speak of them together in the "Commonplace Book" (August, 1784) as "the excellent Ramsay and the still more excellent Fergusson," whose achievements stimulated him to sing the praises and renown of his own native Ayrshire. Thus the background of the Kilmarnock edition was built up. We have, for instance, the dramatic dialogue of "The Twa Dogs," like the "Plainstanes and Causey" discourse of Fergusson, "The Holy Fair," full of word-echoes of "Leith Races," and the "Cottar's Saturday Night," linguistically a more anglicised version of "The Farmer's Ingle"; his epistles to Willie Simpson and John Lapraik are modelled in style and metre on the poetical correspondence between Ramsay and Hamilton of Gilbert- THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS 41 field, and throughout his work we come across echoes in word and phrase of his exemplar-the simile of Tantallon, the use of the words skellum, clark, flewit, fair fa', bellum, retl-wutl, and many more, and above all we can sense the quick realisation that this "standard Habbie" metre was, in a way more easily felt than expressed, peculiarly adapted to the conversational sententious nature of Scots folk-speech with its frequent short slightly epigrammatic conclusive turn of phrase so neatly conveyed by the "bob-wheel" of the stanza: - "I'm wae to think upon yon den, Ev'n for your sake!" "How daur ye set your fit upon her-Sae fine a lady!" "If honest Nature made you fools, What sairs your grammcrs?" "A rousing whid at times to vend, And nail't wi' Scripture." The Kilmarnock edition is remarkable for the very small amount -0f space given to the songs, small when one considers Burns's later work, but with the gem "Corn Rigs" one sees already the well-known artistry in refashioning the words of an old (t]th century) popular song and the unerring ability to select jµst the right word. Burns indeed thought highly of the last stanza of "Corn Rigs" as being most felicitous in expression and suggested it to Thomson as a substitute for Ramsay's "My Patie is a Lover Gay," which was composed to the same tune. One should note incidentally the 18th century pronunciation of "barley" as "barely" throughout. A closer examination of the edition will give a good idea of Burns's knowledge and use of Scots. There is first the glossary which Burns compiled himself with a brief introduction, in which he notes correctly several points of Scottish grammar, e.g., that the past participle ends in -it, -'t and the present participle in -an (for the earlier -and), and this distinction he generally observes, though in his later work he tends to adopt the conventional Anglo-Scots -in, which indeed is found in Scots in the 16th ceentury. The glossary, unlike many similar productions of other poets, is very accurate in its definitions and not without touches of humour, as, for example, under hoddan and houghmagandie. It is first and foremost the work of a man who had a thorough mastery of his own speech and a clear feeling for the exact force <>f every word he used. Hecht points out how the Kilmarnock edition represents a careful selection on the poet's part of work likely to give a good impression of the versatility of his muse and please all tastes with its variety. Naturally, the style varies with the subject, and so also does the language. "The Auld Farmer's New Ycar Saluta­ tion," "The Death," and "Elegy of Poor Maillie," "The Mouse," 42 THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS are sprinkled with the technical terminology of the farmer, e.g., ripp, fittie-lan', stimpart, toop, ket, pattle, thrave, coulter. The later "Inventory," from its nature, is a miniature glossary of farm words, typically Scots in its catalogue of detail, an accumula­ tion of words and concepts for their own sake. One thinks, for example, of the invective of the medieval flytings or of Urquhart's translation of Rabelais. So too with Burns in the vocabulary of rustic superstition in "Halloween" (as later in "Tam o' Shanter" with its similes besides) or more briefly in : "O thou, whatever title suit thee, Auld Hornie, Satan, Nick or Clootie," or in his letter to Dr. Moore: "brownies, witches, warlocks, spunkies, kelpies, elf-candles, dead-lights, wraiths, cantraips and other trumpery." Here at least the source of his vocabulary is expressly stated, the old nurse who, with his mother, sang the old songs and told the old tales to him. So Burns shares with the majority of man­ kind the experience of having learned his mother tongue in the most literal sense of the term from his mother. His father, aided and abetted by Dominie Murdoch, was the champion of theology, and hence of correct English, which as we have seen were inseparable in Scottish thought. Once or twice he mentions a word used in the flax industry in which he himself was so briefly and disastrously involved; he has the nomenclature of curling well covered in "Tam Samson's Elegy"; and in his more raffish work, like the "Court of Equity" and "The Merry Muses," he is pretty proficient in the lingo of sculduddery, though we may say parenthetically that very little of it is Scots, being for the most part of city origin and of general British currency in the 18th century. It is noticeable that much of his ephemeral later work, the political poems, for instance, which are in the main in English, has a fair amount of slang or slangy expressions, due probably to the rather cosmopolitan atmosphere of Dumfries with its theatre, its army depot and its fashionable country-town pretensions. To return, however, to the Kilmarnock edition, we are faced with the linguistic problem of "The Cottar's Saturday Night" and "The Vision," where in both cases about half the poem is in English, the usual reason given being that English is more suited to solemn and lofty themes and takes over from Scots when the concepts are elevated from the intimate and domestic. It would be more true to emphasise that it is really a matter of historical tradition. As we must repeat, there was no Scots Bible; consequently the liturgical language of Scotland is English, as in Switzerland it is High German. It is precisely where the Bible THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS 43 subject is introduced and develops into the moral homily that the poet slides into English. "The Vision" again is an ambitious effort in the typical 18th century classical manner of personifying abstractions and has general similarities in theme with Gray's "Progress of Poesy." The whole treatment is derivative of the Augustan movement in England, and borrows its language; but the same ideas are repeated closely in the "Epistle to William Simpson" in Scots, and the two should be closely compared. There can be no doubt which will stand the comparison best. It is a truism to say that Burns's work in English is relatively inferior stuff and certainly he would have been a very minor poet indeed if his reputation had had to depend on it. Burns himself is quite specific about it: "These English songs gravel me to death. I have not that command of the language that I have of my native tongue." And the same is true of Fergusson and on the whole of the majority of Scots poets before or since. It is certainly a pity that Burns did not stick to his determination expressed at the outset of his correspondence with Thomson, "If you are for English verses, there is, on my ·part, an end of the matter," for he was cajoled against his repeated better judgment into accepting anglicising emendations and principles which made not a few of his contributions to Thomson's collection worthless. Compare his work for Johnson's "Museum," where he was given a free hand. In examining Burns's Scots, several points become apparent; firstly, that he has a complete command of it, with a vocabulary of over 2000 words peculiar to this side of the Border, not to mention turns of phrase and idioms; secondly, that he does not restrict himself to the dialect of Ayrshire or to general Scots itself, where an English form is to be preferred for rhythm or rhyme; and that, conversely, very many words spelt as in English must for similar reasons have been intended to be spoken in their Scots form. Poems typical of his best Scots have been mentioned above. The Epistles are naturally nearest to the spoken tongue; the aptitude of Scots to describe natural scenery is fully realised in the "Winter's Night," as all critics agree, and its supreme excellence in embodying the eerie and uncanny comes out for instance in "Tam o' Shanter," "Death and Dr. Hornbook" or in the "Address to the Deil." How well the sound and sense of the Indescribable are brought out in the verses "When twilight did my Grannie summon," &c.! 44 THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS "When wi' an eldritch, stoor quaick, quaick, Amang the springs, Awa' ye squatter'd like a drake, On whistling wings."

As Professor Delancey FerguSQn points out, Burns's vocabulary is more literary and derivative than is generally realised, which after all is natural in any poet who had trained himself so diligently in his art by a close study of his predecessors. His own native dialect of Ayrshire is not particularly prominent, though words like crunt, daimen, kiaugh, messan, raucle, risket, rockin, snirtle, tawie, thummart, wiel, winze, wintle, have a specifically South-west of Scotland currency; he uses typically Scots forms in corss, Foorsday and foord, l'se, garten, stang (sting), saumont, scho (she), now obsolete or almost so, wiss (wish), whase _aught, and he conjugates his verbs in the Scots manner, e.g., shurt:, lap, whatt, raught, haen, boost, &c. The Kilmarnock glossary and the fragmentary notes on dialect words which he collected during his Border tour are sufficient evidence of his interest in speech as such, and the fact that he was bilingual as a result of the stern efforts of his father and John Murdoch to inculcate English, undoubtedly helped enormously towards his outstanding capacity for the right word. He admitted indeed to Robert Anderson "the copia verborum, the command of phraseology which the know­ ledge and use of the English and Scottish dialects afforded him." It was to Anderson too that Burns acknowledged his linguistic debt to the poets that had gone before him. Ramsay is an obvious quarry, particularly in the out of the way, "plastic" sort of word, like clishmaclaver, collieshangie, jockteleg, sculdudderie, cooser, whigmaleerie. Houghmagandie is from an old ballad, ramgun­ shoch from an old proverb; "the stalk of earl hemp," "sturt and strife," "moop and mell," "Land o' Cakes," are also proverbial, and "Auld lang syne" dates from a song of the 171h century; Clinkumbell may be an old south-west expression for the beadle; Dougal Graham has it at least, and Burns must certainly have read the chapbooks of that worthy who was his elder contem­ porary. Fligmagaries is another word of Dougal's. Fergusson had already gone to the same source with an eye to the poetical word and the two of them and their innumerable successors are indebted to Ramsay for introducing to poetry such words as bughtin time, doilt, gloamin, lyart, and of course glamour. Burns, however, was acquainted with earlier predecessors than Ramsay. We know from the list of his library that he had copies of Barbour's Brus, Blind Harry's Wallace, the Kingis THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS 45 Quair, various anthologies of Middle Scots poetry, including Ramsay's Evergreen, and Ruddiman's fine edition of Douglas's Aeneid from which he drew the motto for "Tam o' Shanter." Hence no doubt his use of words like elritch or rief or firth and fauld, a common medieval verse tag. Incidentally, though Fergusson's basic speech is that of Lothian, he introduces a number of north-east words which he must have got from his parents; but Burns, in spite of what he must undoubtedly have heard from his Kincardineshire father, has nothing typical of the north-east with the possible exception of ramfeezled. Perhaps William Burnes had forgotten, or rather learned to disuse a good deal of his northern dialect in Ayrshire, though he certainly must have spoken Scots every day himself, and we know that he was anxious about his boy's English, but the main reason is plainly Burns's fastidiousness in preferring especially those words in the general literary tradition of Scots poetry, since as we have seen there was no tradition of prose. It is true that Burns did on one occasion produce a piece of con­ tinuous prose in Scots in his letter to Willie Nicol (ut June, 1787), perhaps because it was written in the land of the Auld Enemie and the writer was drunk. But it is good pithy conversa­ tional Scots, and it is a pity he did not give us more letters of this sort in preference to the more laboured and turgid of his English epistles. Not that he could not write English perfectly-very much better than he gets credit for, when one thinks for example of the brief terse dignified moving masterpiece of expression in his last letter to Gilbert. The fact remains that he was very much the child of tradition and the tradition of Scots prose was too weak to have any influence on him. The final question of the relationship of Scots and English in his Scots verse is a vexed and complicated one, requiring too detailed an examination for these pages. The main conclusions of Sir James Wilson in his two books on the speech of Burns are for the most part valid. Ramsay had to a large extent stereo­ typed the spelling of Scots in a fashion which still very much dominates the scene, an ample supply of apostrophes, much incon­ sistency in reproducing the Scottish vowel-sounds and for the rest a strong tendency to adopt the English spelling wherever the Scots and English forms were reasonably similar, as in -ing for Scots -in, -an, and -ed for -it, night for nicht, soon, moor, for sune, muir, and so on. Burns substantially follows Ramsay, despite his Kilmarnock glossary, with the general result that a page of Burns in print looks much more like standard English than it would have sounded when read by Burns himself. In "Halloween," for THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS instance, dazzle rhymes with hazel and must have been pro­ nounced in the Scots fashion as daizle; arm rhymes with thairm in the "Haggis." The rhymes of "The Cottar's Saturday Night" and of the "Mouse" should be carefully studied in this connection, noting especially the -oi- sound of join, toil, joy, which was (the first two still are) pronounced like the -i- in mine as uttered in Scotland. Burns indeed corrects Clarinda for rhyming joys with those. Prize, he says, would be a better rhyme. His usage is by no means consistent, however. In Scots poems he will spell quite arbitrarily pouther, powder; pliver, plover; poosined, poisoned; sodger, soldier; straik, stroke; wordy, worthy; in these cases it seems likely that the Scots form is intended despite the spellings. On the other hand, he undoubtedly keeps the English form because it suits the rhyme, assonance or the like on particular occasions, as for example the -ing forms in the beginning of "Ca' the Yowes"; in the couplet to the Guidwife of Wauchope- "That I for poor auld Scotland's sake, Some usefu' plan or book could make," the rhyme demands English make. Again, "Ae fond kiss" has more English than Scots, though one glance will be enough to show that the whole effect would be ruined if the English forms were to be entirely substituted, though they are metrically quite possible. The best known example in this mixed style is "Scots wha hae," where wha, wham, are literary Scots or Anglo-Scots forms, regularly used by Burns for the colloquial that, at, and in the last verse die only must be pronounced in the Scots fashion. In all this the practice of incorporating English is traditional and is found as early as Henryson at least. The truth is that Burns was master of his language and not his language of him, as happens with the pseudo-poet. He was prepared to pick from anywhere whatever word or form or style suited his purpose, and to mould it by his consummate word skill into his verse. His re-shaping of old songs is too well known to need amplification here. But one thinks also of the excellent imitation of the 17th century style of "John Barleycorn" and "MacPherson's Farewell," of the courtly and subtly mixed English and Scots of "A Rose-bud by my early Walk," or "Mary Morison." Yet it is perhaps significant that though the various sources of the poem are nearly all in English, the quintessence of their beauty is distilled into the pure Scots of "My Love is like a red, red Rose." He knew that his strength lay ultimately in his native THE LANGUAGE OF BURNS -1-7 tongue, of which, as Scott, no mean critic in such a matter, puts it, "no man had ever more command." In spite of its obvious deficiencies, its resources as embodied in the literature of court and people for four centuries were ample for Burns's purpose. He seldom coins words or expressions; red­ wat-shod, about which Carlyle was so enthusiastic, is a magni­ ficent exception. And yet he made the old national tongue of Scotland, the "plain, braid Lallans," which by his time had sadly deteriorated and was in fact despised as a mere patois by the self-appointed intellectuals of the country, adequate for a criticism of life and a philosophy that has held the affection of mankind ever since. By his sheer artistry he restored Scots to a place among the literary languages of the world. It would be a tragedy and a disgrace if his message should become unintelligible to his own fellow-countrymen, because they failed to cherish and pre­ serve their linguistic inheritance. And of that there is no small danger.

SOME SAY

Some say that kissin's a sin, But I think it's nane ava, For kissin has woned i the warld, Sin ever that there was twa.

0, if it wasna lawfu, Lawyers wadna alloo it; If it wasna holy, Meenisters wadna do it.

If it wasna modest, Maidens wadna tak it; If it wasna plenty, Puir folk wadna get it !

Bring a your maut tae me, Bring a your maut tae me; My draff ye'se get for ae pund ane, Though a my deukies should dee.

-From David Herd. ANON. ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE

Myth Conjecture and Fact

By ANDREW M'CALLUM

While much has been written about the association of Robert Burns with Renfrewshire, no effort has been hitherto made to deal with that association in a complete and connected form. I am making that effort in this article. What has been written comes under three heads-myth, conjecture and fact. The first myth can only be equalled by its absurdity. Burns was never beyond the boundary of his native Ayrshire until on the 2Jth of November, 1786, he crossed that boundary at Glen­ buck and entered Lanarkshire on his way to Edinburgh to arrange for a second edition of his poems. For many years the opinion was strongly held in some parts of Renfrewshire that Burns travelled outside Ayrshire nine years earlier when he walked all the way from Mount Oliphant to Crookston Castle, near Paisley, which according to tradition was one of the scenes of the court­ ship of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley. An ancient yew tree flourished beside the castle, and the lovers, so tradition said, sat in fond embrace under its extensive shade.

CROOKSTON CASTLE Crookston Castle is on the estate of the Maxwells of Pollok, and in 1817 Sir John Maxwell, Bart., the then laird, had the tree, which was decaying, completely uprooted. On the trunk the following words were found carved: - Robt. Burns Ap. 4th 1777 The portion of the trunk containing the inscription was with other parts taken to Pollok House, the home of the Maxwells, for preservation. There could be only one Robert Burns, and that was the man who was recognised as the national poet of Scotland, and what was accepted as a fact was unquestioned for 48 years. In 1875 Sir William Stirling Maxwell, Bart., who had succeeded to Pollok estate when he lived at Keir in Perthshire, had, in response to a friendly request, one of the parts made into a ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE 49 hammer, which he presented to Paisley Burns Club for the use of the chairman at the annual dinners. This gift was the occasion of a controversy in which the tem­ perature was often over the normal. For the first time it was questioned whether the carver and the poet were one and the same person. Those who denied the dual personality argued that in 1777 and for several years afterwards Burns spelt his name Burness, and that it was unthinkable that the future poet, then only 18 years of age, and toiling like a galley slave to help to save his father from bankruptcy, could find leisure to walk­ there was for him no other means of travel-from Mount Oliphant to Crookston Castle, a distance there and back of 6o miles. David Semple, who was the leading antiquary in Paisley, found that there was a Robert Burns in the town in 1777, and that he was possibly the man who with his whittle immortalised himself at Crookston.

PAISLEY PROOF? This discovery of Semple brought a reply from Robert Brown, a provost of Paisley, who in his book "Paisley Burns Clubs," came out on the affirmative side. With his eye on Semple but ignoring his name, Brown wrote: "A worthless attempt has been made to show that this carving could not have been executed by Burns for two reasons. The one reason being that in 1m as Burns must have been living at Lochlea or Kirkoswald he could not have gone so great a distance to do a deed of this kind, and the other objection was that Burns at that time spelled his name Burnes and not Burns. Burns, it is well known, made frequent visits to Glasgow and Cruickston Castle, where the yew tree stood, would only be a short distance out of his way. The direct road from Kilmarnock to Glasgow, 20 miles, is by Stewarton, Barr­ head and Hurlet. At the latter place a road diverges to the road from Paisley to Glasgow, and close upon the east side of this road, less than a mile distant from the Hurlet or Kilmarnock Road, and also from the Paisley and Glasgow Road, is Cruickston Castle, where the yew tree grew. Burns after seeing the yew tree, could either return to Hurlet or go on to the Paisley and Glasgow Road, and would therefore only have gone less than two miles out of his way to be at the famous Cruickston yew tree." There is no reference to Crookston to be found in the poetry or prose of Burns. If Robert Brown had consulted an eighteenth century map of the neighbourhood he would have found that the road connecting Hurlet with the Paisley and Glasgow Road, l) 50 ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE declared by him to have been traversed by Burns, had not been formed in I777• and there was no direct road from Hurlet to Glasgow. Thomas Richardson's map of Glasgow and the country seven miles round, prepared in I795• showed what was a rough path, long since disused, and replaced by the present Crookston Road leading from Hurlet to the Paisley and Glasgow Road.

CATHCART CASTLE Another myth, which has been peaceably disposed of, is that Burns in I786 walked from Mauchline to Glasgow in a vain effort to find a publisher for his poems, and those who cherished this belief liked to picture the poet resting his parcel of MSS on the parapet of the old bridge of Cathcart and gazing at the ruins of Cathcart Castle, which stand on the rising ground on the right bank of the river. Burns did not visit Glasgow until 1787, after the second edition of his poems had been published. In I9QI John Gilroy, a Paisley man, who lived in London, published a book entitled "Paisley Characters. Military and Otherwise," and in the preface he wrote without explaining what relationship his words had with the contents of the book:' "About the summer of I786 Robert Burns spent a day or so in Paisley, and was treated to a picnic on the 'Braes,' as a venerable lady who was present in her girlhood informed us long, long ago-'And oh, but he was the life an' soul o' the party!' she said; and we will believe her. The poet's diary of the period is amusing, for its gentle tone of sarcasm. 'I was introduced to one young 'weaver worth so many thousands-and to another young weaver worth so many more.' " Gilroy was clearly not a student of the life and work of Burns; but he had heard something about Burns being in Paisley without troubling to inquire if what he heard was true. The best book on Burns-the revised or rather re­ written edition of Chambers's "Burns,'' by Dr. William Wallace, published in I896, was available, and the reader of it could sec that Burns did not keep a diary in I786, and did not, as will be shown in the appropriate place in this article, visit Paisley until I787.

FIRST RENFREWSHIRE VISIT The first visit of Burns to Renfrewshire was either just before or after his West Highland tour in the summer of 1787. He does not tell us why he went there, or what was his route. We know from his correspondence that his faithful old mare Jenny Geddes was his means of conveyance. Dr. William Wallace, in his revised Chambers's "Burns,'' said that "to this ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE 51 district he might be drawn by his former feelings towards Mary Campbell [who was born near Dunoon and buried in Greenock]. It is not impossible that he visited her relatives at Greenock. On this point, however, there are no facts to draw sentimental or other conclusions from." It is only conjecture that Burns crossed the Firth of Clyde from Greenock to Dunoon, and thence rode via Loch Eck to Inveraray, where the first definite trace of him was found on 24th June. Robert Chambers and Hateley Waddell thought that Burns approached Inveraray from the south. Charles L. Brodie, in an article on "Burns' s Associations with West Renfrewshire," contributed to the Burns Chronicle in 1905, said: "That Burns ever was in Renfrewshire, west of Paisley, has been disputed. It is commonly agreed, however, that he did visit Greenock at least once. That was most probably on the occasion of the first Highland tour in June, 1787. Now there is a vast mass of local testimony pointing very decidedly to more than one visit of Burns to Finlaystone, Bardrainy, Port Glasgow (Richard Brown) and Greenock .... There are relics of Burns's presence in the district. There are ( 1) a pane of glass inscribed by Burns still carefully preserved at Finlaystone house; (2) a pane inscribed by Burns which the late George Williamson, historian of Greenock, preserved and framed, from the hostelry in Cross Shore Street, Greenock, where Burns lodged; (3) the treasure of Richard Brown's house in Port Glasgow was a similarly engraved pane about the middle of the mid window of the dining room; and (4) a pair of hose left by Robert Burns in Richard Brown's house on the occasion of his visit there." Finlaystone, three miles from Port Glasgow, was one of the homes of the Earl of Glencairn, the patron of Burns, and Bar­ drainy was the home of Alexander Dalziel, the Finlaystone factor, who brought the first edition of the poems of Burns to the notice of the Earl. Richard Brown was the early Irvine friend of Burns, and when he became a prosperous sea captain and ship owner he settled in Port Glasgow. The Rev. James Murray, in his history of the parish of Kilmacolm, said that in the spring of 1787 Burns paid Glencairn a visit of some days to Finlaystone, and that doubtless he wandered over the hills and beside the burns of Kilmacolm. Robert Murray Smith, in his history of Greenock, published in 1921, makes no reference to any visit of Burns to the town. 52 ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE

BURNS IN PAISLEY Burns concluded his West Highland tour at Dumbarton, where he received the freedom of the burgh on 29th June. We next hear of him at Paisley. Burns was silent on the way he went from the one town to the other. The one thing certain ii that he entered Renfrewshire by crossing the Clyde, and if the date given in a letter which John Taylor, cotton broker, Liverpool, contributed to the Liverpool Mercury, on 29th May, 1847, is to be relied upon, Burns left Dumbarton for Paisley immediately he received his burgess ticket. "It must have been," wrote Taylor, "on Friday, the 29th of June, about noon, that Dr. John Taylor, of Paisley, who had been charmed with the poems of the Ayrshire Ploughman, readily recognised him from his portrait, as he stood in the street with his friend Mr. Alexander Pattison. Having induced both Burns and Pattison to go to his house, notwithstanding some hesitation on the part of the poet, who expressed himself as eager to proceed on his journey, Dr. Taylor entered into conversation on what was with himself a favourite subject-poetry. Burns made the observation that perhaps people were ready to attach more merit to poetry than was its due, for that, after all, it was only natural ideas expressed in melodious words; to which his host assented, and, in illustration, remarked that nothing was more common than for children in a winter's night to say: 'What will become of the puir birdies the nicht?' But what says the poet? Ilk happing bird, wee, helpless thing, That, in the merry months o' spring, Delighted me to hear thee sing, What comes o' thee? Whare wilt thou cower they chittering wing, An' close thy e'e? The compliment pleased: Burns started on his feet, and, bowing, expressed his thanks for the obliging quotation. After this, Burns seemed to forget the haste which he had before alleged; the conversation became animated, and, as it appeared, interesting to both. Burns spoke of his reception at Edinburgh, and dwelt much on the kindness which he had experienced from the Earl of C1lencairn, showing a ring which he wore, a gift of that noble­ man." "PAISLEY BOOKSELLER" Burns went to Paisley to see Alexander Pattison, a merchant, who had helped in the sale of so many copies of the Edinburgh ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE 53 edition of the poems that Burns, writing to him from Duns on 1j'th May, described him, with a reasonable degree of truth, as "bookseller." Burns also said: "I was favored with yours of the I 1th inst. inclosing an order of the Paisley banking company on the Royal Bank, for twenty-two pounds, seven shillings Sterling, payment in full, after carriage deducted, for ninety copies of my book I sent you." The appearance of Burns was given in the letter of Taylor. A young son of the doctor, Taylor wrote, recalled that Burns was "a big, stout, athletic man, of a brown, ruddy complexion, broad-chested, erect, and standing firmly on his legs, which perhaps were rather clumsy, though hid in yellow topped-boots. His dress was a blue coat and buckskin breeches, and his caste seemed what we should now style that of a gentle­ man farmer." One who has read the narratives of Charles L. Brodie and the Rev. James Murray may ask: "If Burns before coming to Paisley had been the guest of the Earl of Glencairn at Finlaystone would he not when talking of the Earl to Dr. Taylor have mentioned such an interesting fact, and would not the Liverpool Taylor have regarded it as worthy of mention in his reminiscences? Burns went home by the Braes of Gleniffer and Kilmarnock, making, we may be sure, a call at Dunlop House to see his valued friend Mrs. Dunlop. He was back in Paisley in the following year. Writing from Kilmarnock on 22nd February, 1788, to Mrs. M'Lehose [Clarinda] Burns said that he had travelled from Edinburgh to Glasgow, where he had written her the moment he arrived, on the evening of Monday, 18th Feb­ ruary. "Since then I have not had opportunity; for in Paisley, where I arrived next day, My worthy wise friend, Mr. Pattison, did not allow me a moment's respite-I was there ten hours; during which time I was introduced to nine men worth six thousands; five men worth ten thousand; his brother, richly worth twenty thousands; and a young Weaver who will have thirty thousands good when his father who has no more children than the said Weaver . . . dies. . . . I spent the two bypast days at Dunlop-house with that worthy family to whom I was deeply indebted early in my Poetic career." The silence of Robert Brown, the historian of Paisley, on the two visits of Burns to the town is explained by the fact that these visits were known to few people until Dr. William Wallace published his edition of Chambcrs's life and work of Burns in 1896, ten years after the volumes of Brown had appeared. 54 ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE There are three references to Renfrewshire in the poetry of Burns. The first is in the song: Where Cart rins rowin to the sea By monic a flower and spreading tree, supposed to refer to Jean Armour's visit to Paisley in 1']86. The second is: Dire the discord Langsidc saw For beauteous, hapless Mary. introduced to "The Dean of Faculty; a new Ballad" to show that in the opinion, not to be taken seriously, of Burns, the contest between Robert Dundas of Arniston and Henry Erskine for the office of Dean of Faculty of Advocates was a more furious combat than the battle which settled what was to be the estab­ lished religion of Scotland. The third is a description of the garment worn by the leading witch in the infernal dance which Tam o' Shanter witnessed in "Alloway's auld haunted kirk"- Her cutty sark o' Paisley barn, That while a lassie she had worn, In longitude tho' sorely scanty It was her best and she was vauntie.

CARTSBURN INVITATION Had Burns been a less busy man than he was-he was busier than those with little knowledge of him understand-he might have had another and very intimate connection with Renfrew­ shire. Thomas Crawford, who was born in 1741 and died in 1791, was the laird of Cartsburn, near Greenock, an estate to which he had succeeded in 1783. A cultured man, he had read and appreciated the poems of Burns, and had talked about him with Richard Brown. Without waiting for, or even endeavour­ ing to obtain, an introduction, he introduced himself in a letter dated Cartsburn, 16th March, 1788. He addressed Burns as "My dear Sir," and said that "congeniality of mind entitles me to the freedom of this appellation, and never did I use it with more cordial sincerity. Through the medium of our mutual friend, Brown, I hazard inviting you to the participation of an agreeable rural retirement, at a convenient distance from a town where there arc many of your admirers (but indeed it is not distinguished by that from any town in Great Britain); a library I hope not ill chosen; a cellar not ill stored; a hearty cock of a landlord, whom his perhaps too partial friends regard as destitute neither ROBERT BURNS AND RENFREWSHIRE 55 of taste nor letters." Crawford was then 47 years of age, and "untrammelled by the matrimonial chain," he could offer Burns his whole heart. There was no doubt about the sincerity of the invitation. "God knows I would gladly come for you in person; but as this is not in my power, will you allow me to send a servant and a horse for you? Do, my dear Burns, and bless me with your assent," and the subscription was "Your hearty friend, T. Crawford." Burns was in Glasgow on the 20th of March, and writing from the Black Bull Inn to Brown, he said: "I am to thank you much for the ingenious, friendly, indeed elegant epistle from your friend Mr. Crawford-I shall certainly write him, but not now: this is only a card to you, as I am posting to my farm in Dumfries-shire, where many perplexing arrangements await me." This was the beginning and the end of the relation of Crawford and Burns, who was too busy to accept an invitation to Cartsburn or even to acknowledge its receipt. The association of Burns with Renfrewshire also ended here.

ROBERT FERGUSSON ( 1750-1774)

Many articles have appeared in earlier Chronicles in tribute to Robert Fergusson. The Federation erected a Memorial Tablet in St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, unveiled on 24th June, 1927' by Lady Bruce, wife of our then President. It is proposed to commemorate the bicentenary, in September, 1950, of the birth of Fergusson by the publication of a book of essays, edited with a biographical and critical introduction by Sydney Goodsir Smith. Contributors will include James B. Caird, Robert Garioch, Alexander Law, Maurice Lindsay, Hugh MacDiarmid, Matthew McDiarmid, Albert S. Mackie, William Montgomerie, Dr. John W. Oliver, Alexander Scott, John Speirs, and Douglas Young. The Federation asks you to support the promoters. Further details will be furnished to Club Secretaries nearer the date of publication of the essays. W. B. ARBROATH DECLARATION OF SCOTTISH INDEPENDENCE

By A. I. DUNLOP

Reprinted from the "Kilmarnock Standard" of 17th September, 1949 I have been studying, with interest and pleasure, a copy of the facsimile, text and translation, of the "Declaration of Scottish Independence, 1320," otherwise known as the Arbroath Declara­ tion or the "Letter of the Barons to the Pope." This famous historical document must have been written in duplicate, or perhaps in several copies--of which the principal was sent to Pope John XXII at Avignon (during the "Babylonish Captivity") while the others were retained at home for purposes of reference. Our reproduction is taken from the Tyninghame parchment­ the only copy now known to be extant, and which had under­ gone many adventures in private hands before it was restored to the nation by the Earl of Haddington in 1829. At one time it seems "to have hung before a small unused fireplace in the Tyninghame charter room, a fact which was developed into the exciting but apocryphal tale of a maid happily prevented by the entrance of the Earl from lighting the drawing-room fire with a memorial of Scottish patriotism. Holes in the parchment, and the survival of but one third of some sixty seals, are the result of exposure." Happily a facsimile was made while the script was still legible, and a reproduction with the Latin text and translation was published in 1870 in "The National Manuscripts of Scotland," part II. The original is now carefully preserved in the custody of an Ayrshire man, the Keeper of the Records of Scotland, and has been again reproduced at the suggestion of another Ayrshire man, the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland, Mr. John McVie, who is Vice-President of the Burns Federation. He has caused a facsimile to be made by Messrs. M'Lagan & Cumming to be presented by the Federation to all the secondary schools and training colleges in Scotland. It is to be hoped that this generous ARBROATH DECLARATION 51 and patriotic action will meet with the appreciation due to the public spirit of the donors and the historical value of the docu­ ment. The text is written in the cursive, clerical hand of the early fourteenth century. In substance it is a letter written by the Barons of Scotland to Pope John :XXII, craving his support in the struggle against England. The country had already been liberated, but Edward II would not agree to make peace with Robert Bruce as an independent sovereign. Edward procured the intervention of the Pope, who summoned the four leading Scottish Bishops to appear at Avignon and sent legates to publish a truce between the two countries under pain ·of excommunication. The Bishops, however, ignored the summons and Bruce declined to admit the legates because they were not accredited to him as King of Scots. Then, to make the Scottish attitude clear beyond any shadow of doubt, the Scottish magnates met at Arbroath and drew up their famous letter to the Pope on 6th April, 1320. They stressed the honourable antiquity, the heroic endeavours and the unbroken freedom of their country, ever since the Scots came from the Eastern Mediterranean through the Pillars of Hercules to Spain, and then "by many victories and infinite toil acquired for themselves the possessions in the West which they now hold after expelling the Britons and completely destroy­ ing the Picts and driving back the invading hordes of Norwegians, Danes and English." One hundred and thirteen native kings, with never an alien, had ruled over them; and the King of Kings, our Lord Jesus Christ, had shown them special favour by calling them almost the first to His most holy faith, and having them confirmed therein by St. Andrew the meek, the first called of the Apostles, the brother of St. Peter. Thereafter the Roman Popes in St. Peter's chair had always maintained the Scottish people under their protection so that they had lived "free and peaceful" until Edward I, under the false guise of a friend, had "harassed" the defenceless and leaderless kingdom. From these "evils innumerable" they had been saved by Robert Bruce, who had arisen like another Joshua to deliver the country. They had accepted him as their King by divine Providence, the laws of Scotland and the choice of the people, but if he should give up the struggle they would take another king as their defender and would continue to withstand the English as long as a hundred of them remained alive, "since not for glory, riches or honour we fight, but for liberty alone which no good man 58 ARBROATH DECLARATION loses but with his life." For that reason they besought the Pope, as God's vicar on earth, to admonish the King of England to rest content with his own kingdom (which used to be enough for seven kings or more) and "to leave in peace us Scots dwelling in this little Scotland beyond which there is no human abode, and desiring nothing but our own." It was in the Pope's interest to support the Scots because, although other kings were too busy attacking their weaker neighbours to go on crusade, the Scots would gladly go to the defence of the Holy Land if the King of England would leave them in peace. They put their whole trust in the Pope, but if he should fail them he would have to answer to God for all the warfare and evils that would follow. This document has been often cited as an early and remark­ able expression of patriotism. In the fourteenth century the modern conception of nationalism had not yet broken down the medireval idea of the unity of Christendom under the Pope as its spiritual head and the Holy Roman Emperor as its temporal head. The Scots during the long struggle against the Norwegian and English invaders were one of the first European countries to develop a national consciousness; and it is to this feeling that the writers give expression in their letter to the Pope. 1 As a matter of historical fact, the barons were not the class that one would expect to make the strongest declaration of patriotism. Feudal magnates always tended to be self-centred and selfish. The early career of Robert Bruce himself, a great land­ owner in both England and Scotland, illustrates how difficult it was for a baron to be a disinterested patriot when he stood to lose so much, whichever way the tide of fortune flowed. Indeed, William de Soules and other four signatories to this noble declara­ tion of nationalism were tried for treasonable conspiracy only four months later. The barons, moreover, were men of the sword not men of the pen. It was the function of the Church to provide the thinkers and the clerks; and this letter to the Pope is a case in point. The anonymous writer was probably Bernard, Abbot of Arbroath, the royal Chancellor, and he drew upon the classical poet, Sallust, for his famous statement about liberty being more precious than riches or glory or life itself. He was also statesman enough to broaden the scope of his appeal by associating "the free tenants and whole community of the kingdom" with the declara­ tion of the barons. ARBROATH DECLARATION 59 The patriotic ~tand of the Scottish clergy during the Wars of Independence, when they supported an excommunicated King against the Pope himself was the reward which the Crown reaped for its generous patronage of the Church under Queen Margaret and her sons. One way in which the Churchmen showed their patriotism at this time was by their skilful use of propaganda. This took the · form of editing the historical records of Scotland to prove that the Scots were an ancient and never-conquered race enjoying the special protection of Christ and St. Andrew, and with a strong claim upon the Popes who sat in the chair of St. Peter, brother of St. Andrew their Patron. The English kings might boast their descent from Anglo-Saxon divinities, but the Scots were the children of Scotia, daughter of Pharaoh, and they reached Scotland by way of Spain and Ireland without any con­ tact with England. Similarly in the matter of a patron saint the Scots could show their superiority to their neighbours. England had taken the popular St. George; but the Scottish monks, with a fertile imagina­ tion, wrote up the legend of St. Regulus, who brought the bones of St. Andrew straight from Greece to Scotland and caused the mother Church of all the churches of Scotland to be built where the holy relics were brought safely ashore. This story left out of account St. Ninian, St. Mungo, St. Columba and all the missionary enterprise of the Celtic Church, but it was designed to show that the Scots had received their Christianity in its primeval purity straight across the sea from Greece, free from any trafficking with England. It suited the barons, as the victims of tyranny, to describe their patron saint as Andrew the meek, but they were in the frame of mind to be lions rampant in his defence. In the white heat of patriotism they forgot the lands which they had forfeited in England and rose above their petty jealousies and personal ambitions. They were prepared to reject their King if he should fail them; and if they could not count on the Pope they would refer their cause to Lord God Almighty. In this aspect the Declaration of Arbroath is an early fore­ runner of the Covenants that were a characteristic of later Scot­ tish history. The barons made their allegiance to King and Pope condi­ tional like the terms of a contract. They were the same tough and hardy breed who in after days were often to give trouble to Crown and Papacy: but selfish as they usually were and low as the fortunes of their country might ebb, yet the patriotism that 6o ARBROATH DECLARATION inspired the letter to the Pope never entirdy faded and in times of emergency it burst out into steady flame. The spirit that animated the Declaration of Arbroath was the spirit that defied the strength of Hitler; and as long as life remains a crusade, the Scots may always achieve their destiny under the banner of St. Andrew. [Copies of the Arbroath Declaration, 21 in. by 24 in., may be had on application to the Hon. Treasurer of the Burns Federation, Mr. James Macintyre, 17 New Road, Mauchline, Ayrshire. Price, one guinea, post free.]

NURSERY RHYME (From the German) Quivit, quaevit, The deuks a gae barefit; The geese's feet are wat. Whit dae the wee hens think o that? And whan I cam tae the Irish Sea, I fund three men, and mair than three; The tane had naethin ava, The tither had naethin at a, And the third had nocht. They coft a hapny bap, And a hunnerwecht o gusty cheese, And gaed wi't tae the Irish Sea. And whan they cam tae the Irish Sea, Then they cam tae a toom, toom land, A banes and sand, And they cam tae a paper kirk, And a sandstane meenister, coopit In a wee ledder poopit, Wha cried: We hae sinned the day; Gin God gie us life, we'll aye dae sae. And the three sisters o Lazarus, Catrina, Sybil, Stey still, Grat bitterly, And the cock crawed buttermulk. -WM. MoNTGOMBalE. BOOK REVIEWS

THERE wAs A LAD, by Hilton Brown (Hamish Hamilton. I2S. 6d.). A ScoTS ANTHOLOGY, edited by Dr. John W. Oliver and J.C. Smith (Oliver & Boyd. 20s.). EssAYs ON LITERATURE AND SocIETY, by Edwin Muir (The Hogarth Press. 8s. 6d.).

While welcoming and appreciating the excellent work done on ·Robert Burns by Americans (Snyder & Fergusson) by the German Hecht, and the Frenchman Angellier (a massive study which, to our discredit, has not yet been translated), it has been strange that in Scotland so little scholarship has been brought to completion, apart from the preliminary research that precedes a new life. The Songs of Robert Burns, by James C. Dick, is one notable exception, though his excellent notes need to be revised and brought to life. Sometime we must realise that Robert Burns the Poet is, after all, of first importance, no matter how interesting his life may be. To Robert Burns the writer Mr. Hilton Brown devotes forty pages, just one sixth of the book, and only twenty-six pages to Burns' "Verse." He may be justified in this, but I note the fact as a symptom, with a suggestion that more progress will be made in the future by scholars who concentrate more on Burns the Poet. Mr. Hilton Brown quotes with approval admirers and critics who declare "that his prose writings are at least comparable -if not superior-to his verse," and reaches the conclusion, "But to talk of Tam o' Shanter or The Twa Dogs or Scotch Drink as 'poetry' seems to strain a little the accepted meanings of words." The inclusion of Tam o' Shanter in this sentence is most remark­ able. Yet one must come to the conclusion, despite this lack of balance, that Mr. Hilton Brown is not a deliberate "debunker" of Ro~t Burns. His book is worth reading and discussing, or­ as I am writing in Scotland-should I say, arguing about? In A Scots Anthology, Dr. Oliver (and his deceased partner in the work, Dr. J. C. Smith), as well as the publishers, have pro­ duced an excellent book. It is interesting to note that the BOOK REVIEWS anonymous ballads and songs claim the largest section, and that of the named poet, Robert Burns, with forty-one items, claims first place. It is the best balanced anthology of Scots poems I have ever seen, and every student of Burns who would like to sec Burns against the Scottish tradition should consider haying the book in his bookcase, even if he already has the other standard anthologies. If he has no other anthology of Scots poems, he must make it his duty to consider spending a pound on this book. It is expensive, but well worth the money. I feel at this point that one danger should be pointed out. It is not a criticism of this book, but of the contemporary situa­ tion out of which the book has been born. It is not yet certain in Scotland that the future of Scottish poetry lies with Scots poetry. There have been Scottish poets writing in English, and there are to-day Scottish poets writing in English. Now that the charge of neglect of their work can no longer be levelled by writers in Scots against their contemporaries (they were also well represented in the recent New Directions anthology in the U.S.A.), the danger to avoid now is neglect and discouragement of the Scottish poets writing in English. They may be crushed between the upper and nether millstones of English and Scottish publishing, and a tradition of writing that may have a future will be temporarily and unnecessarily weakened by a too success­ ful propaganda for Scots, a language with dangerously limited potentialities, unless we are going to limit our poetry to lyric, and abandon the higher spheres of the art. Poets writing in Scotland in English are as much the heirs of the 15th century English writers Dunbar and Henryson, indeed, of all the pre-Reformation poets, as are the "lallans" writers. Indeed the lallans tradition is more of the ballads and folk songs and of the poetry of the folk, and the contemporary Scots poets have scarcely yet raised themselves into the English tradition of the pre-Reformation Scottish poets. Dr. Edwin Muir's new volume of essays is an excellent correc­ tive to the dangers of literary nationalism. He has essays on Robert Burns, on Walter Scott and on Robert Henryson, but can deal at least as adequately with Shakespeare and Chapman, with Holderlin, Kafka and Spengler. The breadth of culture that is in such a book is more likely to become the critical background for another Henryson or Dunbar, or of a Scottish Keats or even Dante than would a narrow Scottish culture rejecting all English and alien influences. It was such a width of culture-a European background-that we find in Scotland of the fifteenth century. RHYME OF THE MERMAIDEN OF CLYDE

Drink ae coup o the lammer wine, And the tear is nae mair in your ee.

And drink twae coups o the lammer wine, Nae dule nor pine ye'll dree.

And drink three coups o the lammer wine, Your mortal life's awa.

And drink fower coups o the lammer wine, Ye'll turn a fairy sma.

And drink five coups o the lammer wine, 0 joys ye've rowth and wale.

And drink sax coups o the lammer wine, Ye'll ring ower hill and dale.

And drink seeven coups o the lammer wine, Ye may dance on the milky way.

And drink aucht coups o the lammer wine, Ye may ride on the fire-flaucht blae.

And drink nine coups o the lammer wine, Your end-day ye'll never see.

And the nicht is gane, and the day has come Will never set tae thee. -From "The Book of Scottish Anecdote, 1874.

ROBERT BURNS RECORDS

As we go to press, we have been sent for review four gramo­ phone records, produced by Scottish Records, Aberdeen, Scotland. They are the first of a series of Robert Burns records. We have been specially impressed by Harold L. Wightman's rendering of Tam o' Shanter, and by the five poems spoken by Jean Taylor Sinith on record 1217. OBITUARY

During the past twelve months the Burns Federation and its affiliated Clubs have suffered grievous loss, and we mourn the passing of three District Representatives on the Executive Com­ mittee, one of whom was also an Hon. Vice-President of the Federation.

Mr. WILLIAM C. FAULDS, F.S.I., Glasgow, was a member of the Executive as representative for China for six years prior to his death on 23rd February, 1949, and gave valuable service as a member of the Scottish Literature Committee. He was a Past­ President of the Bridgeton Burns Club.

Lieut.-Colonel PETER FLEMING Gow, l.M.S., D.S.O., died on 3rd April, 1949. Colonel Gow entered the Indian Medical Service in 19I2, and saw much service in the 1914-18 war, gaining the D.S.O. in Mesopotamia. After the war, despite his many duties as first surgeon at the Eden Hospital, Calcutta, he found time to give valued service to the Calcutta Burns Club and served a term as its President. He retired in 1944 and returned to his native Dundee. He was appointed an Hon. Vice-President of the Federation in 1945, and the same year joined the Executive as District Representative for East Perthshire and Angus.

Mr. GEORGE J. SHERRIFF, County Clerk of Stirlingshire, died on 9th June, 1949, after a long period of local government service. Mr. Sherriff was a Past-President of Stirling Burns Club and was elected a District Representative for that area in 1947. On the day preceding his death, Mr. Sherriff was awarded the C.B.E. in the King's Birthday Honours List. ,

Mr. MATIHEW NEILSON, who died on 17th December, 1948, in his 89th year, was the sole surviving founder-member of the Sunderland Burns Club, instituted and affiliated in 1897. He was appointed Hon. Secretary at the first meeting of the Club, and continued in that office until his death. Prior to his last illness he was only once absent from Club meetings. At the Club's Golden Jubilee Celebrations in January, 1947, Mr. Goudie, on OBITUARY

behalf of the Federation, presented Mr. Neilson with a facsimile of the Kilmarnock edition of the Poet's works. The Sunderland Club has lost a gallant gentleman.

Mr. JAMES H. BAXTER, was Secretary of the Troy Burns Club from its inception in I903 and, as District Secretary for U.S.A., rendered enthusiastic service and did much to further the interests and objects of the Federation amongst the many Burns Clubs and Scots Societies in America.

Mr. ANDREW DouGHERTY, who died in January last, was Hon. Secretary and a Past "Laird" of the Holyoke Caledonian Burns Club.

Ex-Provost KIRKPATRICK DoBIE, Dumfries, was Immediate Past­ President of Dumfries Burns Club when he died in July, I949· It was during Mr. Dobie's Provostship, and due largely to his instrumentality, that the Town Council of Dumfries decided to purchase the house in the "Millhole" where the Poet died.

Mr. ERNEST RussELL, who died on 28th August, I949• was the Immediate Past-President of the Glasgow and District Burns Association, and at his death was President of the Burns House Club and Hon. Treasurer of the Glasgow Tam o' Shanter Burns Club, an office he had successfully filled for the past five years. He was also associated with the Rosebery Burns Club.

BURNS HOUSE, DUMFRIES

The number of people who paid for admission to Burns House from Ist October, I948, to 3oth September, I949• was 25,323. This shows a slight decrease as compared with the previous year, but it is interesting to note that Overseas Visitors to the House are increasing. The Museum at the Observatory in Dumfries also continues to attract a large number of visitors who find the view of the town through the medium of the Camera Obscura most interesting.

E MOTTO-"A MAN'S A MAN FOR A THAT" THE BURNS FEDERATION INSTITUTED I 88 5

Hon Presidents. Sir ALEXANDER GIBB, G.B.E., C.B., LL.D.(Edin.), F.R.S., Queen Anne's Lodge, Westminster, London, S.W.1. WILLIAM WILL, C.B.E., 171 Oakwood Court, Kensington, London, W.14. Colonel T. C. DuNLoP, A.D.C., T.D., D.L., Doonside, Alloway, Ayr. Sir RoBERT BRUCE, D.L., LL.D., Brisbane House, 9 Rowan Road, Glasgow, S.1. ALEXANDER G. McKNIGHT, 321 Providence Building, Duluth, Minnesota, U.S.A. J. c. EWING, 8 Royal Terrace, Glasgow, c+ Ww. C. CoCKBURN, Holmwood House, Uddingston. M. H. McKnRow, F.S.A.Scot., 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. JoHN S. CLARKE, J.P., 2 Walmer Crescent, Glasgow, S.W.1. JAMES T. PICKEN, 265 Franklin Street, Melbourne, C.1, Australia. Hon. Vice-Presidents. ANDREW M'CALLUM, 33 Hillside Road, Glasgow, S.3. }AMES McMuRDO, 85-71 144th Street, Jamaica, N.Y., U.S.A. RICHARD DouGLAS, New York. JoHN R. FoTHERINGHAM, c/o 3361 Kingsway, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. GEORGE HUMPHREY, The Saughs, Newtongrange, Midlothian. CHARLES CARMICHAEL, 54 Chatsworth Street, Derby. JoHN CURRIE, 20 Arboretum Street, Nottingham. WILLIAM HAMILTON, Dunbar Street, Stockton, N.S.W. Mrs. MARY THOMSON, 21 Gilbertfield Road, Cambuslang. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. President-THOMAS B. GouDIE, Ewanrigg, Burnbank, Hamilton. Past-Presidents-Sir PATRICK J. DoLLAN, D.L., LL.D., J.P., l Kingsley Avenue, Glasgow, S.2. JoHN S. CLARKE, J.P., 2 Walmer Crescent, Glasgow, S.W.1. M. H. M'KERROW, F.S.A.(Scot.), 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. Sir ALEXANDER GIBB, G.B.E., C.B., LL.D.(Edin.), F.R.S., Queen Anne's Lodge, Westminster, London, S.W.1. Sir RoBERT BRUCE, D.L., LL.D., Brisbane House, 9 Rowan Road, Glasgow, S.1. Vice-Presidents-JoHN McVrn, 13 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, 7. }AMES R. CRAWFORD, F.S.A.(Scot.), "Callister Ha'," 432 Unthank Road, Norwich. BURNS FEDERATION

Hon. Secraary-W1LL1AM BLACK, Cardcan, Eastficld Road, Dumfries. Hon. Treasurer-JAMES MAclNTYRE, 17 New Road, Mauchline. Hon. Editor, "Bums Chronicle"-W1LLIAM MoNTGOMERIE, M.A., 11 Castle Terrace, Broughty Ferry. Hon. Secretary of School Competitions-FRED. J. BELFORD, M.A., F.E.I.S., 3 Park Grove, Liberton, Edinburgh, 9. · Assistant Hon. Secretary-ANDREW STENHousF., M.A., LL.B., 104 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, C.2.

District Representatives. I. Ayrshire-J. KEVAN McDowALL, F.S.A.Scot., 202 Bath Street, Glasgow, C.2. Bailie ANDREW Y. CRAWFORD, Roan Park, 23 Montgomerie Terrace, Ayr. JoHN M. IRVING, 20 Melville Street, Kilmarnock. A. WILSON BoYLF., C.A., 163 West George Street, Glasgow. II. Edinburgh-JoHN W. Ouvn, M.A., D.Litt., Ramsay Cottage, 41 Barnton Terrace, Edinburgh, 4. III. Glasgow-WM. C. CocKBURN, Holmwood House, Uddingston. THOMAS BF.ET, 16 Ardbcg Street, Glasgow, S.2. A. NEIL CAMPBELL, F.C.C.S., 141 Craiglca Drive, Edinburgh. IV. Dunbarton and Argyll Shires-WM. BoYLF., 22 Osborne Street, Clydebank. V. Fifeshire-T. C. ANDEi.SON, Rowan Cottage, Main Street, Kelty, Fife. Mrs. C. T1NLINE, 5 Valleyficld Avenue, High Valleyficld, Newmills, Dunfermline. VI. Lanark_shire-W1LL1AM SHARP, 7 Hazel Terrace, Viewpark, Udding- ston. Mrs. C. D. MAclNTosH, 134 Kylepark Drive, Uddingston. JoHN WEIR, 75 Wilson Road, Allanton, Shotts. JoHN HAPPLE, 4 Graham Avenue, Eddlewood, Hamilton. ALEX. NEILSON, 12 King Street, Shotts. VII. Mid and East Lothians and Borders-JAMES JuNER, 2 Greenhall Crescent, Gorebridgc. JoHN HF.RKEs, Dunlo, Bridge Street, Tranent. VIII. West Lothian-ALLAN MAclNTYRF., M.A., Redlands, Bo'ncss, West Lothian. IX. Rmfrewshire-W1LLIAM L. Mou.EN, M.A., 37a Union Street, Greenock. ARTHUR C. E. LEw1s, Vallorbc, 16 Rodney Road, Gourock. :X. Stirling, Clack_mannan and West Perth Shires-W. P. TUllNIULL, 13 Dollar Avenue, Falkirk. GEORGE GALLOWAY, 56 Main Street, Sauchie, Alloa. WILLIAM MILLER, 27 North End Road, Stirling. XI. East Perthshire, Angus and Kinross--(Vacancy). XII. Northern Scottish Counties-J. B. HARDIE, "Ravenna," 26 Newark Drive, Pollokshiclds, Glasgow, S.1. 68 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

XIII. Southern Scottish Counties-JAMES DENNISTON, F.E.1.S., Mossgicl, Cardoncu Street, Dumfries. JoHN SrullGF.oN, 7 Nellieville Terrace, Dumfries. XIV. London and South-Eastern England-JOHN M. SWAN, 17 Roxborough Park, Harrow, Middlesex. XV. North-Eastern England-J. RENWICK V1cKF.llS, Belvoir, St. Bcdcs, East Boldon, Co. Durham. XVI. North-Western England-HAMISH H. RAE, 9 Park View, Waterloo, Liverpool, 22. XVII. Midlands of England-JOHN CullRIF., 20 Arboretum Street, Nottingham. W. G. McG1tF.Go1t, JO Moor Oaks Road, Sheffield, JO, XVIII. South-Western England--GEollGF. HuMPHllF.Y, The Saughs, Newton- grangc, Midlothian. XIX. Wales-HECTOR McKELVIF., 3 Glanmor Road, Uplands, Swansea. XX. Ireland-A. M'SAVF.NY, 4 Wellington Park Avenue, Belfast. XXI. South Africa-DONALD F. MAcNAJll, J03 Fotheringay Road, Glasgow, S.1. XXII. Australia-T. ATHOLL RoBF.llTSON, F.R.G.S., F.S.A.Scot., Dunvorlich, Ewanfield, Crieff, Perthshire. XXIII. New Zealand-Mrs. M. THOMSON, 21 Gilbcrtfield Road, Cambuslang. XXIV. Canada-JAMES ADA11t, 22 Newark Drive, Glasgow, S.1. XXV. lndia-AllTHllll McKF.1t1tow, Rickerby, Lochanhead, Dumfries. XXVI. U.S.A.-HEllBEllT C. REID, 1396 Fairbanks Avenue, S.W., Atlanta, Ga., U.S.A. JoHN R. Hu1t1tY, 9271 Neff Road, RR. No. 1, Clio, Mich., U.S.A. ALF.XANDF.ll M. BucHAN, 535 Dielman Road, St. Louis County, Missouri, U.S.A. XXVII. Near and Middle East-HUGH M. MAclNTYllF., Elmsley, 7 Racecour5C Road, Ayr. XXVIII. China--(Vacancy).

SUB-COMMITTF.F.S. Finance: Messrs. Humphrey (Convener), Cockburn, Denniston, M'Dowan and Macnair. Memorials: Bailie Andrew Y. Crawford (Convener), Messrs. Beet, Wm. Boyle, Herkes, Irving and Sturgeon. Scottish Literature: Sir P. J. Dollan (Convener), Messrs. Belford, Wilson Boyle, Lewis, McDowall, Allan Macintyre and Morren and Dr. Oliver. Schools: Messrs. Belford (Convener), Adair, Campbell, Denniston, Humphrey, Allan Macintyre, Morren and Sharp and Dr. Oliver. Co-opted membcrs:-J. Douglas Cairns, M.A., 7 Wattfield Road, Ayr, and Dewar M. Robb, M.A., 55 Union Street, Greenock. Development: Messrs. Adair, James R. Crawford, Goudie, Humphrey, Irving and Turnbull and Mrs. Macintosh, with the Hon. Secretary and Hon. Treasurer.

AlJDITOllS. WILLIAM A. GoLD, Wallaccthorn, Riccarton, Kilmarnock. GF.OllGF. BlloWN, M.A., Dunard, 52 Witch Road, Kilmarnock. BURNS FEDERATION

CONSTITUTION AND RULES. Name. 1. The Association shall be called "The Burns Federation," with headquarters at Kilmarnock. Obiects. 2. The objects of the Federation shall be (a) To strengthen and consolidate, by universal affilia­ tion, the bond of fellowship amongst the members of Burns Clubs and k.indred Societies. (b) To purchase and preserve manuscripts and other relics associated with Robert Burns. (Gifts of relics shall be reported by the Hon. Secretary at the next meeting of the Executive Committee following thereon.) (c) To mark with suitable inscriptions, repair, or renew buildings, tombstones, etc., interesting from their association with Robert Burns. (d) To encourage institutions and movements in honour of Robert Burns. (e) To encourage and arrange School Children's Com­ petitions in order to stimulate the teaching and study of Scottish history, literature, art and music. (f) To encourage the development of Scottish literature, art and music. Membership. 3. (a) The Federation shall consist of affiliated Clubs and Societies. Burns Clubs and kindred Societies may be admitted to the Federation by the Executive Committee, on application in writing to the Hon. Secretary, enclosing a copy of tlieir Constitu­ tion and List of Office-bearers. Such applications shall be con­ sidered by the Executive Committee at its next meeting. (b) Clubs shall be grouped into Districts as shown in the subjoined Schedule, but Clubs on the borders of Districts shall have the right to elect to which District they wish to belong. (c) Ladies or gentlemen who have rendered conspicuous service to the Burns Movement may be elected by the Council to the position of Honorary President or Honorary Vice-President, on the recommendation of the Executive Committee. Council. 4. The Council shall consist of the Hon. Presidents, the Hon. Vice-Presidents, the Executive Committee, the Auditors, and three members elected by each Club. Conference of the Council. 5. (a) The Annual Conference of the Council shall be held, CONSTITUTION AND RULES at such place as may be arranged, on the second Saturday of September, when the Annual Reports shall be submitted and Office-bearers for the ensuing year elected. (b) Clubs outwith the United Kingdom may be represented by proxy at the Conference. (c) Nominations for Offices shall be made by the Executive Committee or by Clubs. (d) Nominations of Office-bearers, Intimations of election of District representative members, and Notices of motion shall be lodged in writing with the Hon. Secretary not later than the second Saturday of June. But notwithstanding this, the Executive Committee shall have power at any of its meetings to formulate proposals on any subject it may deem necessary or expedient to be placed on the Agenda for discussion and decision at the Annual Conference. (e) The Agenda of the Conference and the Annual Reports shall be issued to Clubs by the Hon. Secretary not less than one month before the Conference. (£) No alteration shall be made in the "Constitution and Rules" except at the Conference of the Council, and then only by a two-thirds' majority of those voting. Executive Committee. 6. (a) The Executive Committee shall consist of (1) President, Past-Presidents, two Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secre­ tary, Hon. Treasurer, Hon. Editor of the Burns Chronicle, Hon. Secretary of School Children's Competitions, and Assistant Hon. Secretary; and (2) Representative members elected by Districts, as shown in the subjoined Schedule. (b) The office-bearers shall retire annually. The President shall be eligible for re-election for a second term but shall not thereafter be re-elected except on the recommendation of the Executive Committee carried by two-thirds of their number voting at the appropriate meeting and approved by two-thirds of those voting at the Annual Conference of the Council. Other office­ bearers shall be eligible for re-election. (c) District representative members shall be elected annually by all Districts on the basis of one member for the first five Clubs, and one member for every additional ten Clubs, in each District; but for Edinburgh, London, Wales, Ireland, and Overseas Districts, one Club in each shall qualify for admission as a District. No District shall have more than one member unless the number of its Clubs exceeds fourteen. If a District fail to elect a representative member, the Executive Committee shall have power to fill the vacancy. BURNS FEDERATION 71 Meetings of the Executive Committee. 7. (a) The Executive Committee shall conduct the business of the Federation, and shall meet on the third Saturdays of October, December, March and June, and when called by the Hon. Secretary. The place of each meeting shall be fixed at the previous meeting. (b) The Hon. Secretary shall give at least one week's notice of meetings, along with the Agenda. (c) Notices of motion and other business to appear in the Agenda should reach the Hon. Secretary at least a fortnight before the meeting. (d) Special meetings may be held on a written request to the Hon. Secretary signed by not fewer than ten members of the Committee and stating the business to be considered. (e) Ten shall form a quorum at meetings. (£) The President, the Vice-Presidents, the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Treasurer and the Assistant Hon. Secretary shall be ex offeciis members of all Standing Sub-Committees.

Subscriptions. 8. (a) Each Club, on admission to the Federation, shall pay a registration fee of One guinea, in addition to the annual subscription, which shall be One pound, ten shillings. (b) Clubs in arrear with their subscriptions shall not be entitled to be represented at the annual Conference of the Council. (c) Clubs failing to pay their subscriptions for two con­ secutive years may be struck off the roll of the Federation.

Finance. 9. (a) The Sub-Committee on Finance shall consist of five members of the Executive Committee, three to form a quorum. (b) No accounts shall be paid without the authority of the Finance Committee, which shall submit the Minutes of its meetings to the quarterly meetings of the Executive Committee. (c) The Bank Account shall be kept in the name of the Federation, and shall be operated by the Hon. Treasurer for the time being. Deposit Receipts shall be taken out in the name of the Federation, to be drawn on the endorsement of the President, the Hon. Secretary, and the Hon. Treasurer, or any two of them. All other securities, investments and properties shall be held in name of the President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Treasurer and their successors in office as Trustees for the Federation. 72 CONSTITUTION AND RULES Honorary Secretary. 10. The Hon. Secretary shall keep the Minute Book of the Federation, in which shall be recorded the proceedings of all meetings. He shall also conduct the correspondence of the Federation, convene all meetings, and issue Diplomas. He shaH prepare the Executive Committee's Report on the year's transactions, for submission to the Conference of the Council. Honorary Treasurer. II. The Hon. Treasurer shall have charge of all monies paid to the Federation, and shall pay all accounts authorised by the Finance Committee. He shall prepare a statement of his accounts for the year to 31st July, which shall be audited by two Auditors, who shall be appointed annually at the Conference of the Council, and who shall not be members of the Executive Committee. "Burns Chronicle." , 12. (a) The Burns Chronicle shall be an official publication of the Federation, and shall be published annually, not later than 1st January. It shall contain a Directory of the Clubs on the roll of the Federation, reports of the transactions of the Federation and of affiliated Clubs during the previous year and such literary matter and illustrations as may be decided by the Hon. Editor. (b) The Hon. Editor shall be responsible for the publication of the Burns Chronicle, and shall submit annually a report on the sale of the latest issue. Estimates for the printing of the Burns Chronicle and other publications of the Federation shall be approved by the Finance Committee. (c) The published price of the Burns Chronicle shall be fixed by the Executive Committee. School Children's Competitions. 13. The Hon. Secretary of School Children's Competitions shall give assistance to affiliated Clubs in the organisation of their Com­ petitions, and shall endeavour to co-ordinate the efforts of the various Clubs. He shall submit annually a report on the Com­ petitions organised by the Clubs. Benefits. 14. (a) Each Club, on affiliation, shall be supplied gratis with the Diploma of Membership of the Federation. (b) Members of affiliated Clubs shall be entitled to receive a Pocket Diploma on payment of One Shilling. (c) Affiliated Clubs shall be supplied gratis with three copies of the Burns Chronicle and with copies of newspapers containing reports of meetings, demonstrations, etc., organised, conducted, or attended by the Federation. (d) Members of affiliated Clubs shall be entitled to be supplied, through the Secretaries of their respective Clubs, with copies of all works published by the Federation, at such discount as may be fixed by the Executive Committee. LIST OF DISTRICTS (See Article No. 6c of "Constitution")

I. Ayrshire. II. Edinburgh. III. Glasgow. IV. Dunbarton, Argyll, and Bute Shires. V. Fifeshire. VI. Lanarkshire. VII. Lothians (Mid and East) and Borders. VIII. Lothian (West). IX. Renfrewshire. X. Stirling, Clackmannan, and West Perth Shires. XI. East Perthshire, Angus and Kinross. XII. Northern Scottish Counties. XIII. Southern Scottish Counties. XIV. London and South-Eastern England. Essex, Hertford, Middlesex, Berks, Buckingham, Oxford, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex, Kent. XV. North-Eastern England. Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire (except Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncaster). XVI. North-Western England. Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire, Cheshire. XVII. Midlands of England. Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln, South Yorkshire, Leicester, Rutland. Stafford, Shropshire, Worcester, Warwick, Northampton, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Bedford, Norfolk, Suffolk. XVIII. South-Western England. Hereford, Gloucester, Wilts, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, Monmouth. XIX. Wales. XX. Ireland. XXI. South Africa. XXII. Australia. XXIII. New Zealand. XXIV. Canada. XXV. India. XXVI. United States of America. XXVII. Near and Middle East. XXVIII. China. 74 LIST OF DISTRICTS

I. Ayrshirc--45 Clubs: 4 Members. o Kilmarnock. 591 Lugar Water. 35 Dairy. 592 Benwhat. 45 Cumnock. 593 Bamnill. 56 Muirkirk Lapraik. 596 Glaisnock. 86 Winsome Willie, 605 Craigmark and Burnton. Old Cumnock. 6o8 Riccarton Wallace. 173 Irvine. 609 Seaforth Highlanders. 192 Ayrshire B.C. Assoc. 621 Scottish Aviation. 252 Alloway. 622 Coylton. 256 Newton-on-Ayr. 623 Kilwinning. 274 Troon. 632 Symington. 275 Ayr. 634 Ardeer. 288 Beith Caledonia. 639 Cumnock Dumfries Arms. 310 Mauchline. 643 Beith Tam o' Shanter. 365 Catrine. 649 Auld Affieck, Auchinleck. 369 Maybole St. Crispin's. 664 West Kilbride. 377 Kilbirnie Rosebery. 666 Valley of Doon Ladies. 435 Ayr Tam o' Shantcr. 671 St. Andrew's Cronies (Irvine). 456 Troon Masonic. 680 Thistle, Saltcoats. 500 New Cumnock. 681 Cronies, Kilmarnock. 564 Ochiltree Winsome Willie. 682 Cumnock Jolly Begg:Ks. 568 Darvel. 694 Brawling Coyle, Rankinston. 573 Croft Springside. 705 St. Cuthbert's, Maybole. Secretary: John M. Irving, 20 Mdville Street, Kilmarnock.

II. Edinburgh-10 Clubs: 1 Member. 22 Edinburgh. 307 Edinburgh Ayrshire Assoc. 65 Musselburgh. 314 Edinburgh Scottish. 124 Ninety. 341 Leith. 212 Portobello. 378 Edinburgh B.C. Assoc. 293 New Craighall. 398 Colinton. Secretary: Fred. J. Belford, M.A., F.E.I.S., 3 Park Grove, Liberton, Edinburgh, 9.

m. Glasgow-27 Clubs: 3 Members. 3 Tam o' Shanter. 72 Partick. 7 Thistle. 74 National Bums Memorial 9 Royalty. Cottage Homes. 33 Haggis. 91 Shettleston. 34 Carrick. 139 National. 36 Rosebery. 153 Scottish. 49 Bridgeton. 169 Glasgow B.C. Assoc. 53 Govan Fairfidd. 181 Primrose. 68 Sandyford. 213 Kingston. BURNS FEDERATION 75 GLA&GOw-rontinued

263 Masonic. 585 Queen's Park Clarinda. 295 Burns House. 610 Royal Arch, Parkhead. 477 Bcllahouston. 612 Torrance Masonic. 484 Sheddens Ladies. 653 Glasgow Ex-Service Teachers. 581 Cumbernauld. 677 Plummet Masonic.

Secretary: Andrew Stenhouse, M.A., LL.B., 104 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, C.2.

IV. Dunbarton, Argyll, and Bute ShirCS--9 Clubs: 1 Member.

2 Alexandria. .µ1 Arrochar and Tarbet. 10 Dumbarton. 550 Dunoon Mary Campbell. 225 Helensburgh. 580 Cumbrae. 244 Dalmuir. 624 Ohan. 695 Kilmaronock (Dunbartonshire).

Secretary: Wm. C. Cockburn, Holmwood House, Uddingston.

V. Fifeshil'C-26 Clubs: 2 Members.

62 Cupar. 496 Auld Hoose, Burntisland. 85 Dunfermline. 508 Auchterderran. 184 Blairadam. 262 Fife B.C. Assoc. 554 Bruce, Falkland. 283 Sinclairtown. 583 Lochgelly Pipe Band. 326 Bingry Ladies. 628 Steelend Jolly Beggars. 330 Glencraig "Bonnie Jean." 633 Lads o' Buckhaven. 345 Denbeath. 655 Kennoway Jolly Beggars. -402 High Vallcyfield Highland 656 Dundonald Mary Ladies. "Jean Armour" Ladies. -447 Cowdenbeath Mountain Daisy Ladies. 667 Thornton and District Tam 452 Auchterderran Bonnie Jean. o' Shanter. -457 Kinglassie Ladies. 673 Highland Mary, 459 Cowdenbeath West End Auchterderran. Jolly Beggars. 688 Poosie Nansie Ladies, "478 Kelty and Blairadam Bonnie Kirkcaldy. Doon Ladies. 697 Ballochmyle, Comrie (Fife).

Secretary: T. C. Anderson, Rowan Cottage, Main Street, Kelty, Fife. LIST OF DISTRICTS VI. Lanarksliire-56 Clubs: 5 Members. 20 Airdrie. 522 Glenlee. 100 Hamilton Mossgiel. 526 Dykehead Tam o' Shanter. 121 Hamilton Junior. 529 William Mitchell. 133 Newarthill. 533 Fauldhouse. 152 Hamilton. 537 Harthill. 157 Baillieston. 542 Newarthill White Heather. 182 Stane Mossgiel. 546 Oak, Hamilton. 207 Cambuslang Wingate. 547 Jolly Beggars, Coalburn. 237 Uddingston Masonic. 549 Bothwell Bonnie Lesley Ladies. 266 Newton Jolly Beggars. 574 Holytown Blair Athole. 348 Newton Bonnie Jean. 577 Dalserf and Clydesdale. 356 Burnbank Masonic. 578 Lanarkshire B.C.A. 372 Baillieston Jean Armour. 587 Budhill and Springboig. 387 Mary Campbell 595 Allanton Brig o' Doon Ladies. (Cambuslang). 598 Forth Jolly Beggars. 388 Kyle (Shotts) Ladies. 599 Larkhall Raploch. 390 Meikle Earnock Jolly Beggars. 604 Bellshill No. I. 392 Whiffiet. 614 Bellshill Caledonian. 424 Cambuslang Tam o' Shanter. 637 Larkhall Applebank. 441 Temple, Shotts. 638 Stonehouse. 466 Dykehead Afton Water 640 Hamilton White Heather. Ladies. 642 Rutherglen. 467 Gilbertfield Highland Mary 647 Hillend, Airdrie. Ladies. 652 Lanark Caledonian. 468 High Blantyre. 668 Harthill and Eastfield Tam 494 Motherwell United Services. o' Shanter. 505 Wishaw Masonic. 669 Coatbridge Home Guard. 5o6 Dykehead Jean Armour. 678 Douglas District. 509 Motherwell Masonic. 685 New Stevenston. 520 Uddingston Lochlie Ladies. 700 Hamilton Jubilee. Secretary: Mrs. C. D. Macintosh, 134 Kylepark Drive, Uddingston. VII. Mid and East Lothians and Borders-27 Clubs: 2 Members. 96 Jedburgh. 600 Millerhill. 108 East Calder. 602 Cockenzie Thorntree. 198 Gorebridge Jolly Beggars. 603 The Tower. 199 Newbattle and District. 613 Tranent No. I. 239 Hawick. 631 Pencaitland and Ormiston. 319 Fisherrow Masonic. 635 Jean Armour, Tranent. 338 Dalkeith and District. 641 Rosewell. 346 Oakbank Mossgiel. 644 Heiton. 384 Pumpherston Bonnie Doon. 650 Mid and East Lothians and 400 Haddington. Borders B.C.A. 427 Gorebridge Glencairn. 651 Dalkeith Plough. 475 Tweeddale Ladies. 654 Ormiston Yew Tree. 516 The Airts, Prestonpans. 662 Lasswade Melville. 552 Fawside, Tranent. 672 Bonnyrigg. Secretary: John Kennedy, Springfield, Gorebridge. BURNS FEDERATION 77 VIII. )Vest Lothian-II Clubs: 1 Member.

125 Blackburn on Almond. 588 Atlas Tam o' Shanter 160 Whitburn. (Armadale). 429 Bathgate Jolly Beggars. 607 Hadrian. 432 Winchburgh. 6n Blackridge. 471 Rose of Grange (Bo'ness). 615 West Lothian B.C.A. 579 Bathgate Tam o' Shanter. 645 Bo'ness Jolly Beggars.

Secretary: Robert Findlay, 72 Main Street, Winchburgh, West Lothian.

IX. Renfrewshire-18 Clubs: 2 Members.

21 Greenock. 431 lnverkip. 48 Paisley. 472 Renfrewshire B.C.A. 59 Gourock Jolly Beggars. 524 Cronies, Paisley. 161 Paisley Charleston. 538 Greenock & District 190 Port-Glasgow. P.P. Assoc. 209 Greenock St. John's. 540 Johnstone Masonic. 254 Greenock Victoria. 567 Paisley Newtown. 383 Greenock Heather. 576 Fort Matilda. 430 Gourock. 586 Barrhead. 702 Greenock Foundry Masonic.

Secretary: Arthur C. E. Lewis, Vallorbe, Rodney Road, Gourock.

X. Stirling, Clackmannan, and West Perth Shires-30 Clubs: 3 Members.

37 Dollar. 582 Higginsneuk. 50 Stirling. 590 Craigs Cronies. 126 Falkirk. 619 Bainsford Cross Roads. 218 Bannockburn. 620 Muirhead. 292 Grahamston. 630 Coalsnaughton. 380 Falkirk Cross Keys. 646 Clear Winding Devon, Alva. 399 St. Ringans. 648 Carron Bridge, Kilsyth. 409 Stenhousemuir and District. 657 Fallin. 426 Sauchie. 658 Larbert Bowlers. 469 Denny Cross. 665 Gartmorn Ladies. 503 Dunblane. 676 Denny British Legion. 510 Scottish Dyes. 679 Tullibody and Cambus. 541 Doune. 684 Hills of Duni pace, Larbert. 543 Abbey Craig. 690 Pim Hall. 558 Cambusbarron. 692 Brighton's Cronies.

Secretary: William P. Turnbull, 13 Dollar Avenue, Falkirk. LIST OF DISTRICTS

XI. East Perthshire, Angus and Kinros!l-9 Clubs: 1 Member.

14 Dundee. 82 Arbroath. 26 Perth. 242 Montrose. 44 Forfar. 327 Perth St. Mark's. 'J6 Brechin. 627 Kinross. 659 Dundee Burns Society.

Secretary: George Cumming, J.P., Lindsay Lane, Brechin.

XII. Northern Scottish Counties--n Clubs: 1 Member.

40 Aberdeen. 458 Stonehaven. 149 Elgin. 470 St. Giles (Elgin). 336 Peterhead. 670 Strath (Kyleakin). 367 Dornoch. 686 Banchory. 403 Fraserburgh. 691 Inverness. 698 Turriff.

Secretary: Frank Robertson, 6 Upper Kirkgate, Aberdeen.

Xm. Southern Scottish Counties--18 Clubs: 2 Members. 112 Dumfries Howff. 536 Whithorn. 217 Eskdale. 562 Castle Douglas. 226 Dumfries. 589 Solway. 309 Annan. 616 Kirkconnel and Sanquhar. 323 Kirkcudbright. 625 Lockerbie. 393 Annan Ladies. 626 Moffat and District. 437 Dumfries Ladies. 629 Sanquhar. 479 Queen of the South Ladies. 660 The Langholm Ladies. 530 Southern Scottish Counties B.C.A.693 Masonic, Kirkcudbright.

Secretary: John Sturgeon, 7 Nellieville Terrace, Dumfries.

XIV. London and South-Eastern England-6 Clubs: 1 Member.

1 Burns Club of London. 617 Reading and District Cal. 481 London Ayrshire Society. Assoc. 492 Harrow Cal. Soc. 663 Bournemouth and District 'SJO Scottish Clans Assoc. of Cal. Soc. London.

Secretary: John M. Swan, 17 Roxborough Park, Harrow, Middlesex. BURNS FEDERATION 79 XV. North-Eastern England-12 Clubs: 1 Member.

89 Sunderland. 544 Ashington. 156 Newcastle. 548 Leeds Cal. Soc. 158 Darlington. 551 Scarborou~h Cal. Soc. 165 Wallsend-on-Tyne. 555 Harrogate St. Andrew's Soc. 379 Hartlepooh. 696 Whitley Bay. 531 Tees-side Cal. Soc. 699 Lord Clyde, Chappington. Secretary: John D. McBain, 33 Humbledon Park, Sunderland.

XVI. North-Western England-10 Clubs: 1 Member.

71 Carlisle. 436 Walney Jolly Beggars 236 Whitehaven. Ladies. 363 Barrow, St. Andrew's 572 Chester Cal. Assoc. Society. 618 Altrincham and Sale Caled. 366 Liverpool. Soc. 417 Burnley and District. 674 Manchester and Salford Cal. Assoc. 687 Northwich and District Scots Society. Secretary : Miss Florence M. M'Leod, Rowanhill, 34 Childwall Mount Road, Liverpool, 16.

XVII. Midlands of England-22 Clubs: 2 Members.

II Chesterfield Cal. Soc. 556 Doncaster Cal. Soc. 17 Nottingham. 559 Coventry Cal. Soc. 55 Derby. 563 Norfolk Cal. Soc. 167 Birmingham. 584 Corby. 296 Walsall. 6o6 Rockingham. 329 Newark and District. 661 Lcamington and Warwick 405 Sheffield Cal. Soc. Cal. Soc. 445 Buxton Cal. Soc. 683 Stratford-upon-Avon and 454 Rotherham. District Cal. Soc. 461 Leicester Cal. Soc. 704 Evesham and District 528 Loughborough Scottish Soc. Caledonian Society. 553 Wolverhampton Cal. Soc. 7o6 North Lindsey Scots Society. 707 Malvern Scots Club. Secretary: John Currie, 20 Arboretum Street, Nottingham.

XVIII. South-Western England-3 Clubs: 1 Member.

120 Bristol. 535 Plymouth and District 46:l Cheltenham Scottish Soc. Cal. Soc. Secretary: F. W. Whitehead, Albion Chambers, Bristol. 80 LIST OF DISTRICTS

XIX. Wale&--1 Club: 1 Member. 444 Swansea and West Wales.

XX. Ireland-3 Clubs: 1 Member.

15 Belfast. 183 Londonderry. 4o6 Dublin St. Andrew's Soc. Secretary : George Roddick, Avondale House, Ballyclare, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland.

XXI. South Africa-2 Clubs: 1 Member.

373 Red Hill, Natal. 675 Fed. Cal. Soc. of Southern Africa.

XXII. Australia-8 Clubs: 1 Member.

324 Stockton. 545 Parramatta. 5u Perth. 566 Scottish Soc. and Burns Club 521 Waratah-Mayfield. of Australia. 523 Highland Society of N.S.W. 703 Mundijong and Districts 532 Cessnock. Caledonian Society.

xxm. New Zealand-4 Clubs: I Member.

69 Dunedin. 497 St. Andrew (Wellington). 449 Wellington. 636 Gisborne.

XXIV. Canada-13 Clubs: 1 Member.

25 Winnipeg St. Andrew's Soc. 476 Border Cities (Ont.). 197 Winnipeg. 501 Galt (Ont.). 303 Victoria (B.C.) St. 513 Fredericton St. Andrew's Andrew's Soc. Soc. 305 New Waterford. 561 London (Ontario). 325 Vancouver Fellowship(B.C.) 571 Edmonton. 443 Burns Club of Victoria 575 Windsor (Ont.) Jean (B.C.). Armour. 689 Prince Rupert (B.C.).

XXV. India-2 Clubs: 1 Member.

355 Cal-:tatta. 560 Cawnpore Cal. Soc. BURNS FEDERATION 81

XXVI. U.S.A.-27 Clubs: 3 Members.

171 Chattanooga. 413 San Francisco St. Andrew's 208 Colorado Springs. Soc. 220 St. Louis. 453 Philadelphia Ladies' 238 Atlanta. Auxiliary. 271 Trenton. 464 Yakima Valley. 278 Clan Stewart. 493 Akron. 284 Philadelphia. 498 Flint. 320 Troy. 507 Orange County. 331 Buffalo. 518 Ye Auld Cronies, Ohio. 354 Royal Order of Scottish 525 Flint Jolly Beggars. Clans. 557 Atlanta Ladies. 375 Holyoke. 565 Robert Burns Circle of New 381 Greater New York Masonic. York. 391 Waterbury. 594 Cuyahoga County. 412 Gary. 597 New York City. 701 Detroit.

Secretary: Robert E. Urquhart, no Canvass Street, Cohoes, New York, U.S.A.

XXVII. Near and Middle East-3 Clubs: 1 Member.

495 Baghdad Cal. Soc. 515 Abadan Cal. Soc. 601 Palestine Cal. Soc.

XXVIII. China-1 Club: 1 Member.

514 Shanghai.

p LIST OF PAST-PRESIDENTS

LIST OF PAST PRESIDENTS. 1885-1899 Provost Peter Sturrock, Kilmarnock. 1899-1906 Provost David Mackay, Kilmarnock. 1906-190'] David Murray, M.A., B.Sc., Kilmarnock. 1908-1909 William Wallace, M.A., LL.D., Glasgow. 1909-1910 Captain David Sneddon, V.D., Kilmarnock. 1910-1923 Duncan M'Naught, LL.D., Kilmaurs. 1923-1927 Sir Robert Bruce, D.L., LL.D., Glasgow. 1927-1930 Sir Joseph Dobbie, S.S.C., Edinburgh. 1930-1933 Sir Alexander Gibb, G.B.E., C.B., London. 1933-1937 Ninian Macwhannell, F.R.l.B.A., Glasgow. 1937-1943 M. H. McKerrow, F.S.A.Scot., Dumfries. 1943-1946 John S. Clarke, J.P., Glasgow. 1946-1948 Sir Patrick Dollan, D.L., LL.D., J.P., Glasgow.

List of places at which the Annual Conference of the Council has been held. 1885-93 Kilmarnock. 1921 Dunfermline. 1894 Glasgow. 1922 Birmingham. 1895 Dundee. 1923 AYT. 1896 Kilmarnock. 1924 Dumfries. 1897 Greenock. 1925 Edinburgh. 1898 Mauchline. 1926 Perth. 1899 Dumfries. 1927 Derby. 1900 Kilmarnock. 1928 Aberdeen. 1901 Glasgow. 1929 Troon. 1902 Greenock. 1930 Greenock. 1903 Edinburgh. 1931 Hawick. 1904 Stirling. 1932 Stirling. 1905 Hamilton. 1933 London. 1906 Kilmarnock. 1934 Glasgow. 1907 Sunderland. 1935 Ayr and Kilmarnock. 1908 St. Andrews. 1936 Elgin. 1909 Dunfermline. 1937 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1910 Lanark. 1938 Dumfries. 1911 Glasgow. 1940-46 Glasgow. 1912 Carlisle. 1947 Dunoon. 1913 Galashiels. 1948 Stirling. 1915-19 Glasgow. 1 949 Mauch line. 1920 London.

The Council did not meet in 1914 and in 1939.

MRS. MARY THOMSON, Honorary Vice-President. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COUNCIL Town Hall, Mauchline, rnth September, 1949.

The Annual Conference of the Council of the Burns Federation was held here to-day at IO. 30 a.m. The President, Mr. Thomas B. Goudie, occupied the chair, and was accompanied by Sir Patrick Dollan and Mr. M. H. McKerrow, Past-Presidents; Mr. John McVie, and Mr. James R. Crawford, Vice-Presidents; twenty-four members of the Executive and the Hon. Officials. Greetings to the Council and apologies for absence were intimated from Mr. William Will, C.B.E., Hon. President; Dr. John W. Oliver, and Messrs. William L. Morren, William P. Turnbull, Hamish H. Rae, T. Atholl Robertson, and Hugh M. Macintyre, members of the Executive; Mr. George Brown, Auditor; Mr. James T. Picken, Melbourne; Sir Donald Cameron, Mayor of Dunedin; Mr. William Brown, President of Dunedin Burns Club; and the following affiliated clubs: Brechin (No. 76), Stockton, N.S.W. (No. 324), Calcutta (No. 355), Stonehaven (No. 458), Brighton's Cronies (No. 692), and Detroit, U.S.A. (No. 701). The following 100 clubs were represented by 212 delegates : No. o, Kilmarnock; 1, London; 2, Alexandria; 3, Tam o' Shanter; 9, Royalty; 10, Dumbarton; 14, Dundee; 17 Nottingham Scottish; 22, Edinburgh; 35, Dalry; 36 Rosebery; 40, Aberdeen; 45, Cum­ nock; 56, Muirkirk Lapraik; 62, Cupar; 6s, Musselburgh; 85, Dunfermline United; 86, Winsome Willie; 89, Sunderland; 112, Dumfries Burns Howff; 120, Bristol; 121, Hamilton Junior; 139, National; 153, Scottish; 158, Darlington; 169, Glasgow and District B.C.A.; 184, Blairadam Shanter; 192, Ayrshire Association; 198, Gorebridge 25 Jolly Beggars; 199, Newbattle and District; 207, Cambuslang Wingate; 213, Kingston; 217, Eskdale; 226, Dum­ fries; 237, Uddingston Masonic; 239, Hawick; 244, Dalmuir; 263, Glasgow Masonic; 275, Ayr; 296, Walsall; 307, Edinburgh Ayr­ shire; 310, Mauchline; 314, Scottish (Edinburgh); 348, Newton Jean Armour; 356, Burnbank and District Masonic; 372, Bail­ lieston Jean Armour; 373, Red Hill; 378, Edinburgh District Association; 379, Hartlepools; 383, Greenock Heather; 387, Mary Campbell (Cambuslang); 390, Meikle Earnock; 399, St. Ringans; 84 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 400, Haddington; 405, Caledonian Society of Sheffield; 424, Cam­ buslang Tam o' Shanter; 435, Ayr Tam o' Shanter; 436, Walney Jolly Beggars Ladies; 437, Dumfries Ladies No. 1; 438, Chester­ field and District; 449, Wellington (N.Z.); 454, Rotherham and District; 467, Gilbertfield Highland Mary; 468, High Blantyre; 469, Denny Cross; 472, Renfrewshire Association; 479, Queen of the South Ladies; 492, Harrow and District; 497 St. Andrew (Wellington, N.Z.); 520, Uddingston Lochlie Ladies; 530, Southern Scottish Counties; 538, Greenock and District Past Presidents; 577, Dalserf and Clydesdale; 578, Lanarkshire Association; 581, Cumbernauld and District; 592, Benwhat; 596, Glaisnock; 613, Tranent No. 1; 615, West Lothian District; 616, Kirkconnel and Sanquhar; 622, Coylton; 630, Coalsnaughton; 635, Jean Armour, Tranent; 641, Rosewell; 649, Auld Affieck; 650, Mid and East Lothians and Borders District; 656, Dundonald Jean Armour Ladies; 658, Larbert Bowlers; 664, West Kilbride; 669, Coatbridge Home Guard; 6J2, Bonnyrigg; 673, Auchterderran Highland Mary; 674, Manchester and Salford; 675, Federated Caledonian Society of South Africa; 681, Kilmarnock Cronies; 689, Prince Rupert (B.C.); 69o, Pirnhall; 695, Kilmaronock (Dunbartonshire); and 703, Mundijong and Districts (Western Australia). The President having extended a welcome to the delegates, the Minutes of last year's Conference at Stirling-which are printed on pp. 74 to 91 of the 1949 Burns Chronicle-were held as read and were approved. HON. SECRETARY'S ANNUAL REPORT The Hon. Secretary submitted his report for the year 1948-49 as follows : - ANNUAL REPORT The mere mention of the word "Mauchline" must revive happy memories for those who are revisiting this Mecca of Burnsians and will, it is hoped, instil into those on their first visit a feeling of nearness to the Bard and his Works. It may seem strange that fifty-one years have elapsed since the Burns Federation had its Annual Conference in this, the centre of the Burns Country. In July, 1898, delegates from sixteen Federated Clubs joined such stalwarts as Provost Mackay of Kilmarnock, Duncan McNaught, Captain Sneddon, Joseph Brockie, George Dunlop and Dr. William Findlay. The con­ cluding paragraph of the report of that Conference reads: "The day's proceedings were of a most enjoyable nature. The weather was ideally fine, the company was a happy and hearty one, the scenery was of the most beautiful kind and the whole outing was of such a delightful character that it will be long remem­ bered by all those who were privileged to take part in it." The MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 85

Mauchline of 1898 may have changed, but the scenery so aptly described by Captain Sneddon still remains; and those who are privileged to take part will, I feel sure, return to their homes with equally happy memories of the 1949 Conference. When Mauchline was first suggested as our meeting place this year, it was thought that we would confine ourselves to a <>ne-day visit but the Ayrshire Association had other ideas and, as will be seen from the Conference Programme, they have arranged that Delegates will spend a full and pleasant two days in the Burns Country.

OBITUARY It is with feelings of deep regret that we record the passing during the past year of several prominent Burnsians. These include Col. Peter Fleming Gow, one of our Hon. Vice-Presi­ dents and a member of the Executive Committee; Mr. William C. Faulds and Mr. George J. Sherriff, also members of the Executive; Mr. Matthew Neilson, Hon. Secretary of Sunderland Burns Club for fifty-two years; Mr. James H. Baxter, an ardent Scot and Burnsian who was our District Secretary in America for twenty-three years and Hon. Secretary of Troy Burns Club; ex-Provost Kirkpatrick Dobie, Immediate Past-President of Dum­ fries Burns Club who, during his Provostship, was largely instrumental in the acquisition by his Council of Burns House; Mr. Andrew Dougherty, Hon. Secretary of Holyoke Caledonian Burns Club, Massachusetts; and Mr. Ernest Russell, Hon. Treasurer of Tam o' Shanter Burns Club, Glasgow. We remember with gratitude the services rendered by these gentlemen to the Federation and to the Burns Clubs with which they were indivi­ dually connected.

MEMBERSHIP A year ago I was able to report a record number of affilia­ tions. During the year under review the following twenty Clubs and Societies have been added to our Roll : - Thistle Burns Club, Saltcoats. Cronies' Burns Club, Kilmarnock. Cumnock Jolly Beggars' Burns Club. Stratford-upon-Avon and District Caledonian Society. Hills of Dunipace Burns Club, Larbert. New Stevenston Alloway Burns Club. Banchory Burns and Social Club. Northwich and District Scots' Society. Poosie Nansie Ladies' Burns Club, Kirkcaldy. Prince Rupert Burns Club, British Columbia. 86 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Pim Hall Burns Club, St. Ninians. Inverness Burns Club. Brightons Cronies' Burns Club, Maddiston. Masonic Burns Club, Kirkcudbright. Brawling Coyle Burns Club, Rankinston. Kilmaronock (Dunbartonshire) Burns Club. Whitley Bay and District Society of St. Andrew. Ballochmyle Burns Club, Comrie (Fife). Turriff Burns Club. Lord Clyde Burns Club, Chappington.

It is gratifying to note that the ideals and objects of the Federation continue to interest Clubs and Societies forth of Scotland. Re-affiliation of four Clubs was reported during the year. The number of Pocket Diplomas issued was 452, which shows a decrease as compared with last year, but this is wholly accounted for by the sales of the Federation Badges and Brooches to which I made reference last year. Since supplies of these were received in October last, 1083 have been purchased by Members of affiliated Clubs.

MEMORIALS During the year the Memorials Committee had under review many questions relating to Memorials in which the Federation is interested. The Lennoxlove Memorial, which was the sub­ ject of discussion at last Annual Conference, has now been renovated under the supervision and to the satisfaction of the Mid and East Lothians and Borders Association. The improve­ ment works at the Brow Well have been completed; and arrange­ ments have been made with the neighbouring proprietor for replanting the area of woodland adjoining Le glen Wood Memorial with trees which, when matured, will maintain the amenity of the surroundings. The Burgh Surveyor of Ayr has reported that the whole structure of the "Auld Brig" is in a very satisfactory condition. The Glenbervie Memorials Com­ mittee launched towards the end of 1948 an appeal for funds for the restoration of the Burns Family tombstones in the Old Kirkyard of Glenbervie. A sum in the region of £1000 is required for this work. The restoration to its pre-war condition of the burying-place of the Burns Children in Mauchline Old Kirkyard is in hand and will be an accomplished fact by the time the Conference meets. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 87

BURNS CHRONICLE Volume XXIV of the Second Series of the Burns Chronicle was published in January. In the absence of an Editor, the supervision of the publication was in the hands of the Editorial Board with Sir Patrick Dollan as Chairman. Following the appointment in March of Mr. William Montgomerie, M.A., Broughty Ferry, as Hon. Editor in succession to Mr. J. C. Ewing, the Editorial Board has ceased to function and the Scottish Literature Committee will now undertake those duties. Mr. Montgomerie has a wide literary experience and we can con­ fidently look forward to interesting articles under his Editorship. When deciding the appointment of the Hon. Editor, the Editorial Board considered fully the future of the Chronicle and recommended that there should be two separate publications -one to retain the present title of "The Robert Burns Chronicle and Annual" and to be confined to Club Directory, Club Notes, Conference Reports, &c., the other to be entitled "Scottish Miscellany" and to include Scottish literary articles of general interest likely to appeal to readers not connected with Burns Clubs and so command a wider sale. The Executive Committee have adopted the Board's recommendations to take effect after the publication of the 1950 issue of the Chronicle in its present form. The change in style of the Chronicle will entail an alteration of the Constitution so far as it affects the issue of "gratis" copies to Clubs. An appropriate amendment will be aubmitted for consideration at next year's Annual Conference.

SCHOOLS COMPETITIONS It is pleasing to report still more increases in this important branch of the functions of the Federation. The counties of Berwick, Ross and Cromarty and West Lothian are added to the list of the Education Authorities taking part, while the number of Burns Clubs arranging local competitions shows an increase of five over last year. These increases are reflected in the number of competitors and the Schools Committee and local Clubs are again to be congratulated on their contribution to the encouragement of the study of Scottish Literature in schools. During the year the former Certificate of Merit was replaced by three distinct Certificates of appropriate design which have been appreciatively received by Headmasters and Teachers.

DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE It will be recalled that at last year's Conference the Executive Committee were called upon to take steps to develop the work 88 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE of the Federation and of increasing its financial resources. A sub-committee of seven was appointed at the October meeting of the Executive and has met on three occasions. While the time is not yet ripe to submit a full report, it may here be mentioned that District Committees of the Federation have been furnished with lists of lapsed Clubs and of Clubs in arrear with subscriptions for investigation of the position of those Clubs. The fact that some of those lapsed Clubs have been off our Roll for a long number of years will necessarily cause some little time to elapse before District Secretaries are able to complete their reports, but it is hoped that these will be received in the early part of the forthcoming sesi.ion. In addition, the sub­ committee has issued an appeal to some 300 Scottish Societies and Kindred Associations overseas to affiliate to the Federation.

CHARITABLE WORK Contributions to charities in which the Federation is inter­ ested continue to play an important part in the work of affiliated Clubs. During the year £101 was sent to the Jean Armour Bums Houses, while the funds of the National Burns Memorial Homes benefited to the extent of £83. The figures mentioned are in respect of sums remitted through our Hon. Treasurer as shown in his financial statement, but the accounts of the organisers of these two charities disclose that a number of affili­ ated Clubs send their contributions direct and that these show an advance over the previous year's figures. Considering the steady increase in our membership, this is as it should be. The Executive Committee, however, have no hesitation in again com­ mending to the consideration of Clubs the appeals made by these organisations. By a ready and generous response our members will have the satisfaction of knowing that they are assisting in the realisation of the Poet's maxim : - "Affliction's sons are brothers in distress; A brother to relieve, how exquisite the bliss." In April last an appeal was issued to all affiliated Clubs and Societies to contribute to the funds for the erection in or near Dunoon of a "Mary Campbell Memorial Home." To date less than £ 100 has been received in response to that appeal and the fund now stands at approximately £320. It may be that many Clubs had closed down for the session before receipt of the appeal and it is hoped that it will receive attention during the forthcoming session. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 89 We are grateful to the Robert Burns Concert Committee of San Francisco who, as a result of a concert organised by them in January, were able to send sixty parcels containing a most acceptable variety of foodstuffs. The parcels were distributed amongst the Old Folks at Mauchline and elsewhere and suitable acknowledgment was sent to Mrs. Bonner, the Organising Secretary of the Concert Committee.

SCOTTISH NATIONAL DICTIONARY At the recent Annual General Meeting of the Scottish National Dictionary Association, under the Chairmanship of Mr. John M'Vie, our Senior Vice-President, a small deficit on the year's working was reported. The Federation has previously been acclaimed as a generous supporter of the work of the Dictionary Association and it is hoped that a continuance of this support will be forthcoming from recently affiliated Clubs and Societies. Members of affiliated Clubs who are also members of Local Authorities can materially assist by ensuring that these bodies are subscribers to the Dictionary. The Editor, Mr. David Murison, makes an appeal for readers of typescript, especially for Moray, Banff, Perth and Glasgow. Gratuitous service in this direction by members of affiliated Clubs in the districts mentioned will be most acceptable by the Dictionary Association.

OVERSEAS VISITORS The interest displayed in our proceedings at Stirling a year ago by Delegates from Overseas Clubs and Societies has con­ tinued, perhaps in a lesser degree, during the year and the Executive have welcomed to their quarterly meetings representa­ tives of some of our affiliated Clubs in New Zealand. Mr. James T. Picken of Melbourne arrived in this country in time to submit the principal toast at five Anniversary Dinners in January, following which he made an extended tour of the Burns Country and has taken back to Australia many mementos of his visit which will eventually find a place in the homes of Burns lovers in that Commonwealth. In presenting his report, the Hon. Secretary intimated that since its preparation he had received notification of the death, in January last, of Mr. Andrew Dougherty, Secretary of the Holyoke Caledonian Burns Club, and asked leave of the Council to amend the report accordingly. This was agreed to. It was also agreed, on the suggestion of Mr. McGilivray, to include in the Obituary the name of Mr. Ernest Russell, Treasurer of the Tam o' Shanter (No. 3) Burns Club. 90 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE The Hon. Secretary referred to the large number of affiliated Clubs in arrear with their subscriptions at the close of the financial year on 31st July, and appealed to club officials to have these arrears cleared at an early date. He also renewed his appeal of a year ago for the submission of reports on club activities for inclusion in the forthcoming issue of the Burns Chronicle. The adoption of the report having been moved by Mr. Currie (Nottingham), seconded by Mr. McGee (Hawick), Mr. H. G. McKerrow (Dumfries), referred to the section relating to the Burns Chronicle and the decision of the Editorial Board to have two separate annual publications-one to be confined to Federation and club matters and the other to be called "Scottish Miscellany." He felt this should be referred back for further consideration. If they really believed that a name like "Scottish Miscellany" would be a better seller than Burns Chronicle they should be ashamed of themselves. The club particulars could be issued as the Burns Federation Year Book, but why should the other part not be called the Burns Chronicle? He would like formally to move that that section of the report be referred back for further con­ sideration. This amendment having been seconded by Mr. Harris (Edin­ burgh), the President suggested that the report should be approved, with that section remaining in abeyance. Sir Patrick Dollan, the Convener of the Scottish Literature Committee, said that the point made by Mr. M'Kerrow could be taken up when the report on the Chronicle came before them. With that particular section remaining in abeyance, the report was adopted. FINANCIAL REPORT Mr. James Macintyre, Mauchline, Hon. Treasurer, in sub­ mitting the financial statement, said that annual subscriptions brought in £275 2s.; in addition, subscriptions paid in advance amounted to £5 5s.; arrears paid £35 14s.; affiliation fees £25 4s.; a total of [341 5s. The sale of the Burns Chronicle yielded £874 19s. 5d., the expenses on the publication being £626 1s. Mr. Macintyre appealed to clubs to make efforts to increase the sale of the Chronicle and thus encourage the new editor, Mr. Montgomerie. He had warned them before that they would not always have Sir Patrick Dollan behind them, and the income they had received from advertisements in the past year was again due to him. He was glad to be able to say that Sir Patrick's services would again be available to them this year in connection with the advertising side. Other income was very much the same as in the previous year. To their General Appeal Funds £295 had been contributed, including £10 14s. rnd. to the Scottish National Dictionary; £101 to the Jean Armour Burns Houses; £83 to the National Burns Memorial and Cottage Homes; and MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 91 £86 to the Mary Campbell Home, Dunoon. He deplored the paltry contribution that Burns Clubs had made to the Scottish National Dictionary and appealed to clubs to divert some of their surplus funds to this great Scottish work. The Mary Campbell Home at Dunoon was also making slow progress. The amount at the credit of this was now about £400 and he would like [1000 to be raised as soon as possible and get this appeal out of the way. In their general funds they started the year with a credit balance of £&J1 8s. 9d. and finished with a balance of £591 9s. 10d., which represented a deficit of £99 18s. nd. on the year's working. This was largely accounted for by their having printed a new style of certificate for the school children's competitions at a cost of £80. This was a non-recurrent charge, as they would not require a new stock of certificates for some years. Also a new lot of diplomas had been ordered, and they came into the past year's accounts. Those two items just about represented the difference between income and expenditure. All the other funds were in a healthy state. Mr. George Humphrey, convener of the Finance Committee, formally moved adoption of the report. Mr. John McVie, Vice-President, in seconding, outlined the efforts made by the Federation to raise funds for the Scottish National Dictionary. During the past ten years subscriptions and donations to the Dictionary Fund amounted to £17,500, and the contributions of the Burns Federation during that period totalled £2,855. That was very creditable, but the Scottish National Dictionary was a work of enormous size which would take years yet to complete and it would continue to need the financial support of all those interested in it. He proposed to communicate with clubs, especially the new clubs, after the conference, giving them particulars about the Scottish National Dictionary and he appealed to them for their support. The report was adopted. The Financial Statement is printed on pp. 104-5. At this juncture, the President extended a cordial welcome to Overseas delegates who were in attendance at the conference, and on his invitation Mr. W. G. Simpson (St. Andrew Burns Club, Wellington, N.Z.), Mr. William Taylor, J.P., Mundijong Cale­ donian Society, and Mr. W.R. Brugh, C.B.E., Dunedin, conveyed greetings and addressed the Council, and were cordially thanked on the motion of the President.

THE "BURNS CHRONICLE" The report on the Burns Chronicle-which is printed on p. 103-was submitted by the Hon. Secretary. Sir Patrick Dollan, in moving the adoption of the report, said the sale of the last issue of the Chronicle had been the largest on 92 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE record-3,349 copies and a surplus of approximately £200. Urging that the sale of the Chronicle should be a major enthusiasm of the Federation, and that it should attain a circula­ tion of 20,000 among the 400 affiliated clubs, he declared that the need for this great increase in what might be termed official literature about Burns was emphasised by what was happening in the post-war period. "Several books have been published, some in the guise of biography and some in the guise of fiction, which cannot be recognised by the Federation as official publications. We must make it clear that the Federation is in no way responsible for any of these books that have been published and which have received a great deal of publicity in certain journals that might have been avoided or modified if they had consulted the Federation. And no individual has any right in boosting these books to associate the Burns Federation with their publication." There seemed to be a tendency on the part of some modern writers to exceed the sensationalism of the past in the exploitation of Burns to ensure what was termed a best seller. He would say to Scottish writers farticularly that if they had nothing better to do than rake up al the alleged sins and omissions in the life of Burns, then he thought they were very badly occupied. Now that 153 years had passed since his death, surely the time had come when there should be a kind of refining process, and when the very best in his life and in his writings should be pre­ served and held up as an example to young people in Scotland and in other countries to follow. Sir Patrick said he did not know of any writer whose literary and personal history was so dissected as that of Burns had been, and claims made that could not be justified at the bar of history by the writers concerned. These writers had never sup­ ported the Burns Federation, and one who had gained consider­ able notoriety in recent years had formerly been well known for his opposition to the Federation and everything associated with it. In view of this sensational tendency, continued Sir Patrick, it was desirable that the Federation should become more respons­ ible for circulating literature, and it might be possible to expand Mr. Montgomerie's appointment to become a full-time one. In view of what had been said about the name proposed for the new publication, and the wish of the meeting that Burns's name should be retained in it, he proposed to take the matter back to the com­ mittee and try to evolve another name, and they would bring forward definite proposals to the next conference. Mr. James R. Crawford, Vice-President, in seconding the motion, said the fundamental reason for making a change to two publications was that of cost. But for the influence of Sir Patrick MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 93

Dollan in securing advertising in the past few years it would not have been possible to issue the Chronicle in its present form. They proposed to have in future a record of the Federation, and also a magazine with an interest for the general public who were not only lovers of Burns, but lovers of Scottish literature. Mr. Montgomerie, the Hon. Editor of the Burns Chronicle, reassured Mr. McKerrow on the question of Burns being at the centre of the new magazine. He referred to various movements in being for the preservation of the Scottish language and lore, and said that the Federation would become a power if it kept in touch with these movements. Remarking that Burns as a young man was writing, practically unknown, against opposition and poverty, Mr. Montgomerie said that at the present time there were young men writing Scottish poetry, and among the large mass of their work there was a small collection of excellent work which Burns himself would have been intensely interested in. He would like the Federation to consider what these young men were writing, and yet to be very critical. Ninety per cent. of it was not very much worth, but 10 per cent. was very promising, and if they could encourage these young writers, out of it might come something that Burns himself would have been very interested in. Mr. Montgomerie also mentioned current proposals to revive the Edinburgh Review, which made Scotland a centre of criticism in the early nineteenth century, and asked: "Why should not we in the Federation step into that empty space just waiting for us?" The report was adopted, with a reference back for further con­ sideration of the proposals about the new style of the Chronicle. Mr. James Milgrew (Auchinleck), suggested that a new bio­ graphy of the life of Burns should be produced under the authority of the Federation-one which could be used as a text­ book by young people's organisations. He thought the Chronicle Committee should take that matter into consideration.

SCHOOLS' COMPETITIONS Mr. Fred J. Belford, Hon. Secretary of the Schools' Competi­ tions, said the scheme was working smoothly and there had been an increase in the number of schools and a very large increase in the number of junior secondary pupils taking part. It was unfortunate that the continuation class pupils had not responded well. A total of j'2,JOI pupils from 357 schools had competed: Primary, 41,903; Qualifying, 10,999; Junior Secondary, 17,488; Senior Secondary, 1,747; Continuation Class, 164. The number of certificates awarded was 2,6o4. Mr. Belford expressed satisfac­ tion that the attitude of young teachers coming from the colleges had completely changed within the past few years, and that they 94 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE had now a great desire to teach Scottish literature. Out of a total of 35 Education Authorities in Scotland, 27 were interested in the competitions. He did not know why the northern counties­ Caithness and Morayshire-had not come forward. In addition to the Federation school competitions there had been those conducted by Burns Clubs. Twenty Burns Clubs had submitted reports of these-covering 121 schools and 10,179 competitors, but many more had been held. Mr. J. D. Cairns, Ayr, moved the adoption of the report, and the motion was agreed to. The report is printed on pp. 106-].

PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION The Conference proceeded to consider a number of proposed amendments to the constitution recommended by the Executive Committee. The President, seconded by Mr. J. Kevan McDowall, moved:­ That section (1) of Rule 6 (a) be amended by deleting the words "immediate Past Presidents" and inserting "Past Presidents." Mr. John McVie, seconded by Mr. T. M. Lyon (Kilmarnock), moved as an amendment: - "That no change be made in Rule 6 (a) (1)." On a vote, the amendment was declared rejected and the Con­ ference thereupon resolved in terms of the motion. The President, seconded by Mr. James Adair, moved:- "That in Rule 7 (£)the words 'or the Assistant Hon. Secre­ tary' be inserted after the word 'Secretary.'" Mr. McDowall, seconded by Mr. Herkes, moved as an amend­ ment that in the motion the word "or" be deleted and the word "and" inserted. On being put, the amendment was declared carried and the Conference thereupon resolved:- That in Rule 7 (£) the words "and the Hon. Assistant Secretary" be inserted after the word "Secretary." After some discussion, the recommendation that in Rule 9 (c) the following words be added was agreed to without a division : - "All other securities, investments and properties shall be held in name of the President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Treasurer and their successors in office as Trustees for the Federation." Mr. James Adair, seconded by Mr. John McVie, moved:­ (4) That Rule 6 (b) be deleted and the following substituted: - The office-bearers shall retire annually. The President shall be eligible for re-election for a second term but shall not thereafter be re-elected except on the recommenda- MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 95 tion of the Executive Committee carried by two-thirdi; of their number voting at the appropriate meeting approved and by two-thirds of those voting at the Annual Conference of the Council. Other office-bearers shall be eligible for re-election. The motion was unanimously agreed to.

ARBROATH DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Mr. John McVie, on behalf of the Edinburgh District Burns Clubs Association, moved: "That the Burns Federation, with :i view to encouraging the study of Scottish history, Secondary present all Schools in Scotland with a facsimile, in six colours photo and by chromo lithography, of the Declaration of and that the Arbroath cost, not exceeding £120, be met from the Scottish Literature Fund as a capital outlay." One historian has described this Declaration, said Mr. McVie, as "the noblest burst of patriotic feeling, the finest independence declaration of that real history has to show and that has preserved in been the language in which it was uttered." And yet some reason or for other you find scarcely any mention of it in school text-books, at least in any that I have come across. something We were told about the English Magna Charta and the American Declaration of Independence, but for one pupil who may know about them there must be thousands who have never even heard of the Arbroath Declaration of Scottish Independence. Mr. W. B. Harkness (National), in seconding that the motion, said the translation of this document given in John Gait's Gilhaize" was "Ringan in more striking phraseology than that in the official translation, and he thought it would be better to take Galt's translation. He also suggested that more reference to the work of Galt should be made in tlie Chronicle. Mr. McVie suggested that the Galt translation could fittingly appear in the annual magazine. The motion was adopted, with an addendum, proposed James Denniston, by Mr. Dumfries, that copies of the facsimile should also be sent to Training Colleges in Scotland. The Conference thereupon adjourned for Luncheon, and resumed at 3 o'clock, Mr. Goudie again presiding. On the resumption of the Conference, Mr. J. Kevan on behalf McDowall, of the Ayrshire Association of Burns Clubs, that Mr. moved James T. Picken, Melbourne, be elected an Hon. dent of the Presi­ Federation; and the President moved that Mrs. Thomson be elected Mary an Hon. Vice-President. Both motions were cordially and unanimously approved. On the motion of Mr. Harris (Edinburgh), seconded J. B. Hardie, by Mr. the recommendation of the Executive Committee 96 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE that the present office-bearers and auditors be re-elected was unanimously approved. The Hon. Secretary reported that vacancies in the Executive Committee had been filled by the appointment of the following District Representatives: - Ayrshire-Mr. A. Wilson Boyle, C.A. Glasgow-Mr. A. Neil Campbell, F.C.C.A. Lanarkshire-Messrs. John Weir, John Happle, and Alex. Neilson. Stirling, Clackmannan and West Perth Shires-Mr. William Miller.

NEXT ANNUAL CONFERENCE The Hon. Secretary submitted an invitation from the Bristol Caledonian Society to the Federation to hold their 1950 Con­ ference in Bristol, and Mr. J. E. Barbour, President of that Society, spoke in support of the invitation and assured the Council of a cordial reception. The invitation was enthusiastically accepted and remit was made to the Bristol Society, in co-opera­ tion with the Executive, to make the necessary arrangements.

VARIA A BOWLING TROPHY Mr. J. B. Bodie, Glasgow, reminded delegates that the com­ petition for the M'Lennan Cup, which he described as the finest sporting trophy in this country, was open to all Burns Clubs in this country. The sponsoring body had been renamed the Scottish Burns Clubs Bowling Association. He urged every club to enter a rink for next year. All the games were played on Glasgow green on a Tuesday afternoon and the highest-up rink won the trophy. CHARITABLE APPEALS MI'. Neil Campbell, Treasurer of the Jean Armour Burns Houses, thanked the Federation for their annual donation to this cause and appealed to clubs for continued support. The President also appealed to clubs to allocate some of their charitable funds to the Mary Campbell Memorial Home, Dunoon. Mr. John Currie, Nottingham, spoke appreciatively of the help that delegates from England had received from the Secre­ tary, Mr. William Black, and on behalf of the English Districts moved a vote of thanks to him. Mr. S. Watt Smith, Sheffield, seconded. Mr. James Adair moved a vote of thanks to the President. Both motions met with a hearty response. The Conference terminated at 4 o'clock with the singing of "Auld Lang Syne." MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 97

MAUCHLINE It.IRK.YARD Prior to the commencement of the business meeting, the delegates to the Conference assembled round the grave of the infant children of Burns in Mauchline Old Kirkyard. The President introduced the Rev. J. C. Glennie, M.A., Minister of Mauchline Old Church, who explained that the railings sur­ rounding the grave had been removed during the war, and that in place of restoring them it had been decided to surmount the old stone and the inscriptive slab, which had been re-lettered, on a new base of red sandstone. The cost of the restoration work had been borne by Mr. James T. Picken, of Melbourne, who had visited the Kirkyard when in Mauchline in January of this year. After a dedicatory prayer, Mr. Glennie accepted custody of the memorial on behalf of the Kirk Session of Mauchline and expressed their thanks to Mr. Picken and the Burns Federation. At the conclusion of the service, the President thanked the Rev. Mr. Glennie.

THE LUNCHEON Luncheon on Saturday was served in the Old Church Hall and was attended by close on 300 delegates and their friends. Mr. Thomas Goudie, President, was in the chair. Mr. John McVie, in proposing the toast of "The County of Ayr," said those who had seen the recent Ayrshire exhibition had had it brought home to them that Ayrshire had produced men of vision in all departments of life and work. So long as Ayrshire continued to produce men of vision there was no doubt that it would continue to hold its head up among the foremost counties of Scotland and would be deserving of the motto in the coat-of-arms, "God Schaw the Richt." Mr. W. T. H. Inglis, Ayrshire's Director of Education, reply­ ing to the toast, said there were still with us men of world-wide fame whom Ayrshire had produced. He instanced the Chief Scout, Lord Rowallan; Lord Boyd Orr, who was taking a major part in planning the food supplies of the world; Sir Alexander Fleming, whose discovery of penicillin had done so much for human welfare; and there in Mauchline was Dr. William Boyd, a wdcome guest in many parts of the world and now in his retirement playing a prominent part in making a statistical survey of the county. Seeing all these, they could truthfully say that Ayrshire was still producing people worthy of the county of Robert Burns. The toast of "The Burns Federati~n" was proposed by Provost Daniel Cairns, Kilmarnock, and Mr. James Crawford replied. The Rev. J. C. Glennie, on behalf of the people of Mauchline, extended a welcome to the delegates. G 98 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Bailie Andrew Y. Crawford, Ayr, President of Mauchline Burns Club, moved a vote of thanks to the speakers and to all who had contributed to the success of the Conference, making special mention of the Rev. J. C. Glennie and the Kirk Session of Mauchline Old Church; Mr. John M. Irving, Kilmarnock, Secretary of the Ayrshire Association of Burns Clubs; and the members of Mauchline Burns Club.

ENTERTAINMENTS On Saturday evening a concert was presented in Ayr Town Hall for the benefit of the delegates. Kilmarnock Caledonian Strathspey and Reel Society (conductor, Mr. Andrew Fulton) had feet and shoulders moving to their gay rhythms. It was a cheerful programme they presented, and their fine performance was greatly appreciated by the large audience. Interspersed among the orchestral items were songs by Miss Barbara Sumner, soprano; Miss May Hardin, contralto; Mr. Sam Duncan, tenor; and Mr. James Parker, bass. Their delightful contributions were enthusiastically received. Mr. Thomas Goudie, president of the Federation, compered the programme. Mr. George Vallance, President of the Ayrshire Association of Burns Clubs, spoke a few words of welcome, and the artistes were thanked by Mr. Thomas Boyd, President of Kilmarnock Burns Club. On Sunday afternoon a fleet of motor 'buses conveyed the delegates through a very picturesque part of the county. From Alloway they journeyed by the high road to Maybole and Kirk­ oswald, where a short halt was made to allow the visitors to inspect Souter Johnnie's cottage and the Old Kirkyard where several of Burns's associates are buried. The return journey was made by the shore road, and at Belleisle House Hotel the delegates were entertained to a substantial and appetising tea by the Ayr­ shire Association of Burns Clubs, to whom thanks was expressed by Mr. J. D. Cairns, Ayr. While the delegates were at tea at Belleisle, Ayr Pipe Band discoursed an appropriate selection of music on the lawn in front of the hotel. Opportunity was also taken by Mr. Cairns to thank the President, Mr. Goudie, for the able way in which he had conducted the business of the Conference, and Mr. James Macintyre, Convener of the Con­ ference Reception Committee, for the great amount of work he had done. Mr. Macintyre said that much of the credit for the success of the Conference was due to Mr. John M. Irving, Kil­ marnock, who had been mainly responsible for the efficiency of the Conference arrangements. Later on Sunday evening the delegates foregathered in the Burns Monument Hotel Gardens, on the banks of the Doon, where a concert was given by Kilmarnock Aeolian Male Voice Choir, under their conductor, Mr. W. Bennett Brown. Their unaccom- MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 99 panied singing gave great pleasure to the delegates. The voices blended beautifully and the mood of each song was finely expressed. Perhaps their finest efforts were "Oh, this is no my ain lassie" and the evergreen "Comrades' Song of Hope." Mr. Alex. Peebles, bass, and Miss Ena M'Dowall, soprano, were the soloists and gave wholly satisfying performances.

IN AND AROUND MAUCHLINE Many of the delegates took the opportunity to visit the places in Mauchline associated with the Poet. Members of Mauchline Burns Club acted as their guides, and their services were greatly appreciated. There was a large congregation at the service in Mauchline Old Church at noon on Sunday. As a large number of the delegates were resident in Ayr over the week-end a special service of 'buses was provided between Ayr and Mauchline. The church service was conducted by the Rev. J. C. Glennie, M.A., Minister of Mauchline Old Church, who preached a thoughtful and stimulating sermon appropriate to the occasion. The Scrip­ ture lessons were read by the President of the Federation. On view to the delegates on Saturday and Sunday were the minutes of Mauchline Kirk Session of 1787, and the accompany­ ing scroll minute, dealing with the appearance before the Kirk Session of Robert Burns and Jean Armour, and the Church's acknowledgment of their marriage by declaration. Appended to both minutes are the signatures of Burns and Jean Armour. Few of the delegates had previously seen these historic records, which occasioned great interest among them. Much of the success of the Conference week-end was due to the untiring efforts of the local Reception Committee under the Convenership of Mr. James Macintyre; the members of the Mauch­ line Burns Club, who were most attentive to the welfare of the delegates; the Ayrshire Association of Burns Clubs for their generous hospitality; and to Mr. John M. Irving, the Conference Secretary, upon whose shoulders fell the burden of seeing to the many details of the arrangements and to whom we are deeply indebted for his ready and ungrudging help. WILLIAM BLACK, Hon. Secretary. CONFERENCE SERMON Notes of the Sermon preached by the Rev. fames C. Glennie, M.A., on the occasion of the Burns Federation Service in Mauchline Old Church on nth September, 1949.

1 Thessalonians 3, 9 : "How can I render thanks enough to God for you, for all the joy you make me feel in the presence of our God?" (Moffatt).

St. Paul was a man of a thankful heart. Over and over again in his letters he expresses his indebtedness, he gives thanks to God for Jesus Christ, for the great Divine Initiative, for Christ's victory in which the faithful believer may share, for all the oppor­ tunities of service. His response as a Christian to what God had done for him through Jesus Christ is one of gratitude, a gratitude that is full and free. "Enter into His courts with thanksgiving" is the exhortation of the Psalmist, and in similar terms does Paul counsel those early congregations. Nor is he forgetful of the word of encouragement and appreciation to those who had helped him and to those who were standing steadfastly for their faith-to such also he gives his tribute of thankfulness. We find in all his expressions of thankfulness and thanksgiving complete sincerity. In this he was a true follower of his Lord and Master Jesus Christ to whom thanksgiving without sincerity meant only hypocrisy. Read again the twenty-third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel with its analysis of the holy robe of hypocrisy in its moral blindness, its self-complacency, its spiritual pride. Read that chapter and fonder it: apply its lessons to yourself, to your own expressions o thanksgiving. If such are merely a form of words and have not sincerity in them, then they are nothing. Oratory, despite its precision of words, its balance of clauses, its emotional appeal, counts for nothing if it lacks sincerity. So the expressions of thankfulness must come from a sincerely thankful heart. We are all familiar with Services of Thanksgiving. We held them in 1943 and 1945 on great occasions in our national history. Every year we hold a Harvest Thanksgiving Service and on Communion Sunday evenings we hold a Thanksgiving Service. In all these there is the abstract phrase but to be real, to make the services a living reality, we must remember the persons behind the abstractions, those who fought and died for our deliverance, MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE IOI

those whose labours have resulted in an abundant harvest, the Person of Jesus Christ. To-day we remember the glories and the lessons of the history of our faith and we would remember them in a spirit of sincere thankfulness. The Jews were proud of their past, of what their great men had been able under God to accomplish. The famous eleventh chapter of "Hebrews" gives faith's Roll of Honour as an early Christian, proud of his con­ nection with such people, saw it. And the passage we read from "Ecclesiasticus" gives category after category of the great who deserve the nation's thanks. Therein we find this striking class, "Such as found out musical tunes and recited verses in writing," and so we see that long ago an honoured place was given to musicians and poets. To-day let us take that circle out of the narrow confines of Palestine to embrace the poets and musicians of the world, for the word of Pericles is true that the whole earth is the tomb of famous men, and in that circle let us set Robert Burns. We say that Robert Burns is first of all of Ayrshire, though we acknowledge the claims of Dumfries to a share in his renown. And of the Ayrshire districts Carrick must yield to Kyle and of all the parishes of Kyle it is this parish of Mauchline of which he was, in Henley's phrase, the singer and the satirist. His words have come true, "We'll gar our streams and burnies shine Up wi' the best." The material for his songs and satires was homely, everyday, taken from ordinary experience, but his genius transmuted it, and to-day we can sincerely and truthfully say that his muse "tho' hamely in attire" has touched the heart. We say, secondly, that Burns is of Scotland. The man of Ayrshire may hear, with a slightly scornful wonder, Burns's verse recited in the accents of Glasgow, the sing-song of Fife, the broad-vowelled doric of the north-east and in the many other accents of our land, but he must realise that all parts of Scotland are proud to call Burns their countryman, and that in his verse, ringing and stirring, we can all find solace when nettled at or infuriated with the lack of understanding and the seemingly blinkered gaze of bureaucrats from Whitehall or elsewhere. True Scottish Nationalism will find in Burns a hero and encourager. Carlyle said truly, "We Scotch love Burns more than any other poet we have had for centuries." And Gosse is surely right, "Burns is not merely the national poet of Scotland: he is in a certain sense the country itself; all elements of Scotch temperament and conviction are found embroidered somewhere or other in Burns's variegated singing robes." But we say further that Burns is of the world. We have heard of writers and biographers of Burns from America, France, 102 MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE Germany, Hungary, and of an "Immortal Memory" proposed by a Chinese admirer of our poet. His songs are the possession of the world. It has been said that "a word may be a spear or a star for all time," and there are many such star words in Burns's songs where he has touched "the true pathos and sublime of human life." The World lnternationale is in "A Man's a Man for a' That." The world anthem of friendship is in "Auld Lang Syne." We do not claim that in Burns is to be found all the wisdom of the world, but we maintain that he is one of the lights. And some of Burns's satires are certainly spears, piercing right through all hypocrisy, insincerity and cant. They are words to make us ponder, to reflect on our own faith and its expression in our lives, to ask whether the Church in which we worship merits that acid description, "What a poor pimping place is a Presbyterian place of worship," to ask also if "The threemile prayers and halfmile graces Wi' wellspread looves and lang wry faces" must be the characteristics of the "steady, sturdy staunch believer." In Burns we honour a man of genius, of rebellious genius, a man "by passion driven." We know one of his favourite quota­ tions, "On reason build resolve, That column of true majesty in man," and we know how often that was broken. "He lived with dash and daring," writes J. F. Newton, "sometimes with folly, often a sinner but never a hypocrite." And that Burns knew and realised his own frailties is shown by the well-known lines of his epitaph, "Is there a man whose judgement clear Can others teach the course to steer Yet runs himself life's mad career Wild as the wave? Here pause-and thro' the starting tear Survey this grave." We have come far from our text. There St. Paul posed the question of how he could render thanks enough to God for the quality of his friends' faith and life. We have much to be thank­ ful for and whatever be the object of our thanks, whether it be the services rendered to us by our fellow-men, or the inspiration and help given us by a poet such as Robert Burns, or-and this especially and above all-the life and death and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, how can WE render thanks enough? Let another New Testament writer set forth the only right method and so save our interest in humanity from being nothing but a woolly attitude and a grave of good intentions, our interest in Burns from becoming just another "ism" to be carefully tended on the 25th of January, and our practice of our Christian faith from being but a form of words, "Let us put our love not into words or into talk but into deeds, and make it real." "BURNS CHRONICLE"

In the absence of an Hon. Editor the responsibility for the publication of this year's "Chronicle" devolved upon the Editorial Board under the Chairmanship of Sir Patrick Dollan. Sales, including "gratis" copies to affiliated Clubs and Societies, totalled 3349, as compared with 3306 in 1948. Appended is a list of the twelve Clubs and Societies which purchased fifty copies or more. The Executive again appeal to the remaining Federated Clubs and Societies (many of which confine themselves to the three "gratis" copies) to increase their intake of the "Chronicle." By so doing, they will contribute in some measure to the financial success of the "Chronicle" and still more towards securing that our Annual finds its way to a more widely reading public. There is in fact no reason why the "Chronicle" should not reach the home of every member of a Burns Club. We were once more indebted to Sir Patrick Dollan for obtain­ ing advertisements which, as will be seen from the Hon. Treasurer's report, again resulted in the "Chronicle" paying its way financially. Clubs who purchased 50 "Chronicles" and over : - Mauchline 203 copies Calcutta 123 ,, Dumfries 123 ,, Border Cities (Ontario) 103 ,, Howff, Dumfries - 79 ,, Belfast 72 ,, Scottish {Glasgow) 67 ,, Kilmarnock 63 ,, Flint 63 ,, Burns Clubs of Atlanta 63 ,, Sandy ford 53 ,, Rosebery 52 ,,

WILLIAM BucK, Hon. Secretary. FINANCIAL STATEMENT for year ended 3lst July, 1949 INCOME EXPENDITURE To Balance at 3lst July, 1948- By Postages, . .. . £49 1 7 0urrent Account, ...... £197 5 2 ,, Printing and Stationery, 189 16 6 Cash Account, .. . 4 9 3 ,, Bank Charges, ... 5 19 3 Deposit Account, .. . 489 14 4 , , Expenses of Meetings, 20 10 5 £691 8 9 ,, Allowances to Officials, 158 10 0 --- ,, Insurance and Income Tax, ,, Annual Subscriptions, ... £275 2 0 15 13 0 ,, Subscriptions paid in advance, 5 5 0 ,, Travelling Expenses, 27 19 8 ,, Arrears Paid, ... 35 14 0 Memorials-Brow Well, £16 18 8 ,, Affiliation Fees, 25 4 0 Highland Mary, Failford, 2 0 0 341 5 0 18 18 8 --- ,, Conference Expenses, £217 0 6 ,. Sale of Burn& Ohroni.cle, £874 19 5 ,, Sale of Pocket Diplomas, 22 12 0 do. (1949), 5 0 0 ,, Conference Receipts, ... 110 16 4 ,, School Children's Competitions, 91 8 4 ,. Income Tax Refunded-1948-49, 11 11 9 313 8 lO , , Badges and Brooches, ... 135 7 0 ,, Presentation, ...... 25 0 0 ,, Miscellaneous, 0 11 10 ,, Fattorini-Badges and Brooches, ... 114 16 6 1,155 18 4 Scottish Council of Social Service, 2 2 0 --- Burns Chronicle- ,, General Appeal Funds- Scottish National Dictionary, £10 14 10 W m. Hodge & Co., Ltd.-Print- Jean Armour Burns Houses, ... 101 8 6 ing, wrapping, and postages, .. . £566 16 9 National Burns Memorial and Editor's allowance, ...... 38 17 0 Cottage Homes, .. .. . 83 17 0 Sundry Purchases, ...... 20 7 3 Mary Campbell Home, Dunoon, 86 15 0 General Appeal Funds- ---- 626 l 0 Scottish Literature Fund, ... 2 2 0 Scottish National Dictionary, ... £10 14 10 Central Fund - Donations from Jean Armour Burns Houses, ... 101 8 6 Clubs, 10 10 0 Nat. Burns Mem. and Cottage Homes, 83 17 0 ---~ - 295 7 4 Mary Campbell Mem. Home, Dunoon, 86 15 0 ,. Interest on Deposit Account, 7 6 8 282 15 4 ,, Miscellaneous Expenses, --- 23 19 6 Scottish Literature Fund­ Donations from Clubs, £2 2 0 Half Affiliation Fees, 12 12 0 ---- 14 14 0 ,, Central Fund, ...... 10 10 0 , , Balance in Current Account, £93 15 6 ,, Balance in Cash Account, ... 0 13 4 ,, Balance in Deposit Account, 497 1 0 ------591 9 10 £2,491 6 1 £2,491 6 I 1

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To SCHOOLS COMPETITIONS Not only have the Children's Competitions organised by the Burns Federation shown a satisfactory increase this year in the number of competitors, but so also have those held by Burns Clubs. The number of schools taking part shows a marked rise. This is most encouraging. The figures submitted in the case of the Burns Clubs might be greatly enhanced if the secretaries of Clubs holding competitions would furnish particulars to the undersigned. It is encouraging to note the increase in the number of com­ petitors from the Qualifying and Junior Secondary stages, and from letters received from headmasters and teachers of Literature the value of the prescribed poems and examination questions set is sufficiently stressed as to make these competitions well worth while. The study of Scottish Literature among the young appears to be making more appeal in recent years and these annual com­ petitions supply to a large extent the lines along which thii: study should be undertaken. The Executive of the Burns Federation again thanks all those who devote their time and energy to the encouragement and carrying out of these competitions. Competitions held by Burns Clubs: No. of No. of Book &ndC~s or Certl· CLUB Schools Compeiitors Prlus Me &Is flca.t.a Auld Affieck...... 1 450 18 36 Ayr...... 12 1,700 34 120 Barrmill Jolly Beggers...... 2 36 9 10 Bridgeton...... • ...... 14 294 100 Cambuslang and District...... 1 500 2 4 Cumbra.e...... 1 6 Dalry...... 1 12 Dumbarton...... 4 600 13 18 Dunblane...... 2 30 4 Gourock Jolly Beggers...... 1 40 9 Hawick...... 8 600 37 Kennoway Jolly Beggers...... 1 17 1 6 Kilbirnie United Clubs...... 4 178 22 2 6 Kilmarnock...... 11 1,986 32 80 Mauchline...... 1 24 24 2 8 Newarthill...... 1 35 35 8 Newbattle and District...... 2 290 15 4 12 Renfrewshire B.C.A...... 20 1,234 29 31 Rutherglen...... 5 300 2 32 Sauchie...... 2 125 26 9 Southern Scottish Counties B.C.A...... 20 795 108 62 Shotts and District...... 2 225 23 23 Tamo'Shanter...... 1 300 25 Tranent...... 3 400 10 9 Troon ...... __1___ 2_0 ___ 2_0 _____2_0 121 10, 179 596 10 512 SCHOOLS COMPETITIONS

SCOTTISH LITERATURE COMPETITION-1949

I I No. of Pupils I ------I =0 I No.of I Education No. of .. '.l3 Committee Schools t' t' o! I Certifloa.tea ..... ·i;:." ,..g ,..g .... a.warded l Oi:I oi:i :§ ~ ~ 1l 0 ·a 8 3 ~ .,., §] 0 ;f O' ,.,00"¥ oo rn 00 ... I I I \Aberdeen ...... 10 961 210 833 165 - 2,169 73 I Dundee ...... 14 2,351 463 - 19 22 2,855 96 Edinburgh ... 65 10, 718 3,536 4,095 159 70 18,578 525 Glasgow ...... 47 9,675 l,1:!67 2,383 369 60 13,754 431 Aberdeenshire ... 18 590 135 378 - - 1,103 93 Angus ...... 12 574 214 99 5 -- 892 66 Argyllshire ... 13 92 65 517 36 - 710 M Ayrshire ...... 29 3,079 1,097 1,302 109 - 5,587 213 Ba.nffshire ...... 10 406 250 460 151 - 1,267 74 Berwickshire ... 3 103 22 - - - 125 12 Clackmannanshire 8 392 189 522 - - 1,103 42 Dunbartonshire ... 11 1,205 328 llO 111 - 1,754 62 Eaat Lothian ... 7 694 252 585 12 -- 1,543 70 Fife ...... 28 3,812 744 2,715 70 - 7,341 250 Kincardlneshire ... 3 175 54 35 10 - 274 H Kirkcud brightshire 4 162 49 - - - 211 15 Lanarkshire ... 18 l,33S 458 1,558 14 - 3,368 130 Midlothian ... 3 458 98 - - - 556 18 Orkney ...... 1 - 6 6 - - 12 3 Peebleashire ... 3 18 68 - - -- 86 11 Perth and Kinross 10 220 119 159 - - 498 42 Renfrewshire ... 8 620 303 278 - 12 1,213 42 RoBI and Cromarty 2 97 22 50 - - 169 13 Roxburghshire ... 8 692 209 97 5 - 1,003 52 Stirlingshire ... 18 2,945 589 1,159 512 - 5,205 177 We&t Lothie.m ... 2 350 180 - - - 530 15 Wigtownshire ... 2 176 72 147 - - 395 11 ------Total ... 357 41,903 10,999 17,488 1,747 164 72,301 I 2,604

FRED. J. BELFORD, Hon. Secretary Schools Competitions. BURNS CLUB NOTES

3: TAM o' SHANTER (GLASGOW)

The annual 'bus outing to Edinburgh on Saturday, 5th June, was enjoyed by members and friends. The route taken was via Lanark to Biggar, where a stop was made for an hour. Then via Penicuik, Roslynn, to Edinburgh, where high tea was served in Gibson's Restaurant, Princes Street. The return journey was made via Corstorphine, Forth Bridge, Linlithgow, to Glasgow. The St. Andrew's Nicht Supper, held in the Burns House Club, was a great success; the artists were in great form, and members and friends were delighted with their performance. The Anniversary Dinner, held in the Beresford Hotel, under the chairmanshif of Mr. John Williamson, was again up to the high standard o the club. The immortal memory was proposed by the Rev. Wm. Drysdale, B.D., of Old Erskine Parish Church. He quoted Burns in all his satire and humorous sayings in a very able manner. The appeal by Bailie Armstrong for the Jean Armour Houses realised the sum of £32, a record for the club. During the evening a Past-President's medal was presented to Mr. J. F. Anderson, who was President 1917-19, also to Mr. John Williamson on his retiring from the chair, 1948-49. The whist drives, musical evening, and theatre night were a great success, and well attended by members and friends. The membership to date is: 19 honorary members; u8 life members; a total of 137 members. The competition in Scottish Literature, 1948, was held in Dalmarnock Public School, under the auspices of the club. Twenty-three prizes were provided. W. McFARLANE, Hon. Secy.

40: ABERDEEN BURNS CLUB

Under the able guidance of our President, Mr. Chas. C. Easton, the club has had a very successful season. Meetings were held in the Music Hall on the first Tuesday of every month from September to April. St. Andrew's Night, under the chairmanship of our President, was very well patronised by members and friends. BURNS CLUB NOTES

The children were remembered by a Hallowe'en party. The Annual Supper was held in the Music Hall. The Ro. Thomas R. S. Campbell, B.D., Gilcomston St. Colms, proposed the "Immortal Memory." The company numbered about 16o. RoBT. WATSON, Joint Hon. Secy.

68 ; SANDYFORD (GLASGOW) BURNS CLUB

The an,nual general meeting of the club was held on 25th March, 1949, when Mr. Alexander Beith was appointed President and Sheriff W. Boyd Berry, Vice-President. Bailie W. Graham Greig and Mr. James Simpson, both Past-Presidents, retired from the Board of Directors after long and valued service. The anniversary dinner was held on 21st January, 1949, when Major Thomas Blackburn, O.B.E., proposed the principal toast. In an excellent address, Major Blackburn stated that although the due to Burns's extraordinary hold on mankind was, perhaps, a little complicated, the secret lay in two words, "inspiration" and "sympathy." Despite his struggle against poverty Burns was inspired-' to burst into exquisite song. He was a genius, and as such he should be accepted without questions about why he did this and why he did that. As for "sympathy," Burns was intimately known to us. It was a curious feature of English literature, on the other hand, that practically nothing but a few anecdotes was known of Shakespeare. The biographers of Burns, however, lived nearer our own time and they had given us full details of his life. Dr. Alex. F. Buchan proposed the toast, "The Lassies," in a most acceptable and amusing speech, which brought forth a spirited "Reply" from Miss Barbara L. Napier. Dancing, which followed the dinner, was fully enjoyed by the company of 250 guests. The collection for benevolent purposes totalled £rno, and has again been distributed-£50 to the Club Benevolent Fund and £50 to the Jean Armour Burns Houses, Mauchline. A Hallowe'en Dinner Dance was held on 29th October, 1948, and an outing on Tuesday, 7th June, 1949. Owing to lack of support, the &hools Competition was reluctantly abandoned this year. The service rendered by Past-President Bailie W. Gordon Bennett was acknowledged by the directors at an informal dinner on 2oth November, 1948, when he and his good lady were pre­ sented with suitable gifts. While the activities of the Club are on restricted lines, there prevails an enthusiasm for such gatherings as are held. IIO BURNS CLUB NOTES

Mr. Robert M. Battison is to be congratulated on a highly successful term of office as President in the Club year 1948-49. S. W. LovE, Hon. Secy.

153: THE SCOTTISH BURNS CLUB (GLASGOW) Th' five an' fortieth session o' th' club begoud i' October wi' a forgaither' whan Cronie Norman G. Brown o' Dundee gaed keeks i' tae th' neuks an' crannies o' th' hames and howffs o' Burns. His pictur's were o'er ocht. A wheen bawbees frae ilka cronie coonted till nae less than fifteen guineas for th' Jean Armour Burns Hooses. Syne-a week or twa efter-th' Cronies neist forgaither'd i' a nicht wi' th' deils beuks. I' November that cannie chiel, Bailie Tam A. Kerr o' Glesca crackit on th' nae sae weel kent sangs o' Burns-an himsel' strummed an' sang a wheen o' th' hamely auld tuins an' lilts. I' December Miss Williamina S. Macintosh, M.A., gaed th' lassies p'int o' view on Jean Armour. I' Februar, Dr. Jamie M'Call Dunlop, i' place o' his kenspeckle faither, speir'd "Stauns Scotia whaur she staud afore?" I' March, cronies o' th' Orpheus Club brocht doon th' boos wi' a gleg an' canty renderin' o' sang an' story. At th' towmondly denner Jim T. Picken, frae Melbourne, Australia-a gran' chiel ayont th' lave-brocht a skelpin' haun o' richt guidwill frae brither Scots ayont th' seas. Efter his crack -hamely mair nor ordnar-he speir'd th' cronies tae uphaud their tassies i' "Th' Immortal Memory." A weel kent lad o' pairts an' tidin's, Jack House spak, drolly an' kindly, o' th' Lassies. Anither couthie scriver, Meg Munro, answer'd fu' brawly. For sax an' thirty successive 'ears, Cronie Chairlie W. Anderson pictur'd Tam o' Shanter an' a'. Wi' Piper Albert Sheath i' th' pibroch, Jean Day, soprano, Cronie Jamie Mearns, tenor, an' Cronie R. E. Paterson, L.T.C.L., strummin' th' piano, th' cronies had a rale guid "Memory" nicht. After a bit o' fash wi' thae heid yins in Lun'on, th' Cronies maun'd tae sen' a pickle haggis-wi' richt guidwillie greetin's­ tae brither cronies ayont th' seas, i' Atlanta toon. "Th' fear o' hells a hangmans whip." Tae mony a wrang­ daer a warstle wi' th' Coonty fiscal at Glesca was waur nor a'. He's ca'd Maister Adair. Tae his auld &ien's an' Cronies he's kent as Jimie Adair-for, in feck, he's a rale couthie cronie. For nae less than nine 'ear he skdpit on as Preses o' th' Scottish Cronies. They were a wheen three hunner whan he was yokit tae th' chair i' th' first 'ear o' th' second warld war. Noo th' cleckin's mair nor doobled. BURNS CLUB NOTES III Whan his neive grippit th' clubbit han'le, his Cronies had mony a gran' nicht wi' sangs an' clatter. Noo he's gaen frae th' sait o' th' muckle chain-tae a kin' o' hoose o' lairds a' tae himsel'. An unco haudin was maun'd for him, an' noo he's oor yin an' anly "Honner'y Preses." His cronies were sweert tae pairt wi'm. "Then a' that ken'd him round declar't He had ingine." Th' new preses is thon weel-kent chiel John B. Bodie. For three 'ear he ser'd as prentice preses. He's a braw callant, thrang an' wyselike, wha's dune muckle for th' club-an' forbye for th' Jean Armour Burns Hooses o' Mauchline. There shud be muckle ongauns wi' J. B. B. at th' heid. I' th' bygaein, what wey's there nae mair o' th' auld Scots leid i' th' "Burns Chronicle" an' i' parteecular i' th' "Burns Club Notes"? Wad th' scrivers be black affrontit tae hae their "reports" i' th' hamely twang-"Till when ye spak, ye aiblins blether"? Are they a' greein' tae loot th' Doric dee-at ony rate, i' prent? Fient ane o' me ! Will th' "Scottish National Dictionary" be a record o' a leevin'-or a bygane-leid? Gin it dees, muckle o' th' warks o' Burns-an' meikle mair-'11 lase a' meanin'. Scots shudna be sweert tae yase th' hamely tongue. J. KEVAN M'DowALL, Secretary.

FoR THAE WHA DINNA KEN aiblins-perhaps. fient ane o' me-not I for my part. an! y-

167: BIRMINGHAM BURNS CLUB-AMALGAMATED, 1924 The Season 1948/49 was opened with a Musical and Social Evening which a large gathering of members greatly enjoyed. The Cinderella Dance, held on the 15th October, proved a happy evening for all who attended. A members' Musical Evening, held on the 8th November, was a great success. The artistes largely drawn from our own membership entertained the company to a wealth of Scottish Song, while the pipers from the Midland Scottish Pipe Band contributed Pipe Music and Scottish Country Dances. The Children's Party held on the 22nd December, 1948, was the usual happy affair for both old and young. Many novel features and games were introduced into the programme, and all the youngsters present voted the party a great success. The Hogmanay Dance proved one of the high lights of the Season. Over 600 attended and the accommodation of the largest ballroom in Birmingham was taxed to capacity. The New Year was "brought in" to the skid of the pipes, and the whole company joined in singing "A Guid New Year" with evident gusto. The Lord Mayor of Birmingham and the Lady Mayoress, also the Deputy Mayor and his Lady, were the guests of the Society at the Burns Dinner and Dance held on the 25th January, 1949. The toast "The Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. D. M'Intosh, whose eloquence, sincerity and knowledge of his subject, made a lasting impression on all present. The evening was rounded off with a most enjoyable dance. The Annual Ball held on the nth March, 1949, was well attended. It was particularly pleasing to note that many of the ladies present were adorned with the tartan sashes of their Clans, while many gentlemen wore Highland Evening Dress. The tartan did bring, without doubt, a distinction to this function. BURNS CLUB NOTES

The season closed on the 29th April, with a Musical Evening, which produced the largest and most enthusiastic audience yet seen at a function of this type. Many fine Scottish Songs­ those written by Robert Burns being predominant-were sung by the excellent artistes present. The evening was voted a grand end to a grand season. At the conclusion of the evening, a tribute was paid to our retiring President, R. F. Dempster, Esq., M.B.E., J.P., and grateful thanks were accorded to him for the great service he had rendered the Society during his term of office. The year saw continued growth of the Society's Membership, the total roll now comprising 816 members. The Society is to-day probably one of the largest Scottish Societies south of the Border. R. W. s. MACKAY, Hon. Secretary.

226 : DUMFRIES BURNS CLUB The principle meeting of the Club was the Anniversary Dinner, and our President, Mr. James Wyllie, presided over a gathering of 125 members and their friends. The "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Mr. James Picken of Melbourne, Australia, whose address of moving sincerity and wide knowledge, deeply impressed all present. A St. Andrew's Night Dinner was held on Friday, 26th November, when we had the pleasure of an interesting address from Mr. T. B. Goudie, President of the Burns Federation. Following usual custom, the Provost, Magistrates and Councillors attended at the Mausoleum on 25th January, and placed a wreath on the Poet's Tomb. This tribute was acknow­ ledged by Mr. James Wyllie, President of the Club, who also placed the Club's wreath. The "Walter Scott" wreath was placed by Ex-Provost Dobie, and that of the Calcutta Burns Club by Mr. M. H. M'Kerrow. Mr. James Picken placed a wreath from the Victorian Scottish Union. This ceremony was preceded by a brief service in St. Michael's Church, conducted by the Rev. Harold A. Cockburn. During the year the following gifts were made to the Club. Routledge's yellow back copy of the Poet's works, edited by Rev. R A. Willmott, and published in 1859. This volume contains on the title page the signatures of the Poet's two sons, J. G. Burns and W. N. Burns, and on the opposite page their photograph; a circular box of pressed horn with a reproduction of Burns and the Muse on the lid; three letters from Sir James Dewar to Sir James Crichton Browne, regarding the presentation of the Glencairn Snuff Box to the Club by Sir James Dewar. H BURNS CLUB NOTES Mr. J. A. Gibson is the new President of the Club and the membership is now 123. Arrangements have been made for the "Immortal Memory" to be proposed in January, 1950, by Mr. T. M. Lyon, Editor of the "Kilmarnock Standard." H. G. M'KERROW, Hon. Secretary.

244 : DAI.MUIR BURNS CLUB The past year has fully justified our plans and expectations. All our meetings and social functions were well attended, all entertaining and all harmonious. We opened in October with a recital of Scots songs, music and readings and made an excellent start to our season. We had three Literary Meetings. In November, Mr. Harry L. Low, M.B.E., B.Sc., B.Ed., gave an address on "What are we educating for?" In February, Mr. John Dunlop, Depute Librarian, Mitchell Library, treated us to a limelight lecture "In search of Unknown Glasgow." In March, Mr. John B. Purdie, F.L.A., Clydebank Librarian, spoke on "What do you read?" These lectures were instructive and interesting as the questions and discussions at each Literary Meeting amply showed. We had our usual "Bairns Nicht," an annual treat to the children. At our St. Andrew Festival, Mr. William Boyle, our President, in the absence of Sir Patrick Dollan, through illness, proposed the toast "To Scotland." In January the "Immortal Memory" was proposed by Dr. J. P. M'Hutchison, M.A., D.Sc., Director of Education for Dunbartonshire. We have prepared a fine programme for the coming season and hope to continue our upward progress. Mr. John R. Paterson, a local poet of some repute, with a book of verse already published, has been pleased to accept the office of "Bard" to the Dalmuir Club. JoHN R. S. Loc&HAttT, Secretary.

263 : GLASGOW MASONIC BURNS CLUB Syllabus, 1949-1950 1949-Sept. 3oth. Philippe Durand-"In and around Glasgow Green." Oct. 28th. John S. Clarke-"Old Glasgow." Nov. 25th. Dr. Hugh Gillies-The Fictional Representa­ tion of Robert Burns. Dec. 23rd. Robert Bell Stewart-"Burns and Free­ masonry." BURNS CLUB NOTES 1950-Jan. 27th. Annual Dinner, in Club Rooms-"The Immortal Memory" will be proposed by Bro. Thomas Beet, P .P. · Feb. 24th. Ian M'Coll-"A Chiel's amang ye." Mar. 31st. A. Wilson Boyle, C.A.-"The Religion of Robert Burns." Apr. 28th. Annual Business Meeting. wILLIAM E. THOMAS, Secretary.

310: MAUCHLINE BURNS CLUB This year Mauchline was honoured by having the Conference of the Burns Federation in the town. The Club was anxious that the visit should be memorable and every member did his best to assist ex-president John Irving in running the arrange­ ments. The Club was delighted that so many visitors made use of the Club's guides and many new friends were formed. The Club syllabus was embarked upon early in October when Bailie T. A. Kerr, Glasgow, set the season's ball arolling with a delightful lecture on "By-ways of Scottish Song." The Bailie was followed by Mr. Deans from Kilmarnock, who delivered a lecture in the Church Hall on the "Land of Burns." This lecture was illustrated by many beautiful lantern slides from photographs taken by Mr. Deans himself. Ayrshire's Director of Education, Mr. W. T. H. Inglis, delivered the third lecture on "John Galt and the Annals of the Parish." This was one of the best lectures ever delivered to the members of our Club. Mr. Inglis treated John Galt and his works in a masterly fashion and general regret was expressed when the lecture was finished. A memorable night and a master of literature with the art of delivery thoroughly developed. In December John I. Nicholson delighted his hearers with a delightful and homely address on James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. Mr. Nicholson, himself a Borderer, did full justice to this most interesting and fascinating subject. In January Lt.-Col. M'Innes Shaw delivered the "Immortal Memory" to a packed audience and an excellent address it was. The Colonel is a kenspeckle figure in our village-his father having lived for many years in Ballochmyle, where Robert Burns saw the Bonnie Lass. At the General Meeting, Andrew Crawford was unanimously elected president for the fourth year. He is a Bailie o' Ayr noo and the Club are by-ordinar' prood of their president. JAMES DUNLOP, Hon. Secretary. IJ6 BURNS CLUB NOTES

345 : DENBEATH AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB It is gratifying to report another successful season with an increased membership. On January 25th, this year, a son was born to Mrs. James Bennet, wife of Mr. James Bennet, the Club Treasurer. The baby was named Robert Burns Bennet. When he was but 10 days old the Club committee met and decided unanimously to make young Robin an Honorary Member of the qub. At the Annual General Meeting a decision was taken to admit women to membership of the Club. Already, four women have taken out membership cards and when the winter session gets under way it is hoped to treble that number. THOS. BALLANTYNE, Secretary.

348 : NEWTON JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB The Newton Jean Armour Burns Club held their 25th birthday celebration on 14th May, 1949. The Lanarkshire Association of Burns Clubs were invited. Mr. Thomas Goudie, the President of the Federation, was present, and in a brief speech complimented the Newton Jean Armour on attaining their quarter century anniversary. There are only seven founder members left. Mrs. Black, Mrs. Walker, Mrs. M'Fadyen, Mrs. Laird, Mrs. Lightbody and Mrs. Davie. Mrs. Davie, president of the Club for 23 years, gave a brief resume of the activities of the Club, during the 25 years. She ended up by stating that the Newton Jean Armour Burns Club was one of the oldest Ladies' Burns Clubs in the world, and the first Ladies' Club to have a representative on the Lanarkshire Association. As a Club we are very proud of our achievements and hope to be long spared to spread the teachings of our National Bard, Robert Burns. Mrs. A. M'NuLTY, Secretary.

366 : LIVERPOOL BURNS CLUB Our normal programme for 1948-.t9 was successfully carried out in full and with innovations followed the line of those of previous years. During the session two meetings were held in conjunction with the Liverpool Allied Centre, the first consisting of a lecture BURNS CLUB NOTES on "Scotland and The European Tradition" by the Rev. W. Paxton, F.R.G.S., F.S.A.(Scot.), and the second a "Scottish Night." Seven socials and dances were held at Radiant House, all of which were well attended and enjoyed. Prior to the socials, instruction in Scottish dancing was again given. The Adelphi Hotel was the venue for our four lectures. Mr. G. Hackston opened the series with "The Scots in England"; Mrs. Audrey Sinclair spoke of "Sir J. M. Barrie"; "A Holiday in Madeira" was the subject of an illustrated lecture by our Hon. President, Mr. A. Murchie, O.B.E.; and Miss Dorothy Rimmer, a well-known Merseyside journalist, told of journalistic experiences under the title of "You and Me." Sir Patrick Dollan, the Immediate Past-President of the Federation, was our guest at the Anniversary Dinner on 22nd January. The toast list for the occasion was of a very high order and yielded a succession of brilliant and satisfying speeches. In his address, Sir Patrick elaborated on the international character of Burns's thought and work. Our closing meeting was held on 7th April, and took the form of a "Members' Night." We regret to report the death during the session of Mr. James Baird at the age of 82. Mr. Baird was one of our oldest members and a regular attender at our meetings. HAMISH H. RAE, Hon. Secretary.

432 : WINCHBURGH LEA RIG BURNS CLUB Under the capable chairmanship of our Hon. President, Mr. J. B. George, M.A., the Club had a very successful year. The events of the session consisted of three socials and dances and the Children's Christmas Party. Three outings were also held to Dumfries, Pitlochry and the Ayrshire coast. The event of the season was the Burns Supper, when Mr. Douglas Young, Scottish Nationalist, thrilled two hundred members with his eloquent address on the works of Burns. The membership of the Club is now two hundred and five. ADAM PATERSON, Secretary.

497: THE ST. ANDREWS BURNS CLUB (WELLINGTON) INCORP. Syllabus, 1949-1950 I

585: QUEEN'S PARK CLARINDA BURNS CIRCLE

Syllabus, 1949-1950

1949-· -Oct. 14. Mr. James T. Stoddart (Raconteur and Instru­ mental Quartette). Nov. 4. The Deanwood Singers. Dec. 2. Mr. B. J. M'Elhinney and Musical Friends. 1950-Jan. 20. Anniversary Dinner. 6.30 p.m. "The Immortal Memory" by W. S. Duthie, Esq., O.B.E., M.P. for Banffshire. Feb. 17. Concert. By Archie Burnett and Friends. Mar. 10. Annual Meeting and Smoking Concert. Members only. Aug. 1. M'Lennan Cup Competition. 2.30 p.m. Neutral greens. All meetings except Dinner commence at 7.30 p.m. prompt.

WILLIAM YouNG, Secretary.

630: COALSNAUGHTON

The Club have had a most successful year under the chairman­ ship of Mr. David Walker. Social evenings, outings and the raising of funds for charitable purposes, have been successfully BURNS CLUB NOTES II9 carried through. On 25th September, 1948, we had a visitation from Dykehead Tam o' Shanter Club, Shotts, when "Tattles and Herring" was the order of the day. We all had a fine time round the Festive Board, and in song and story each excelled the other. Mr. James Malcolm first president of the Club was presented with an honorary membership card in recognition of very fine service. On 6th November, annual social for members and their wives was held and visitors from other clubs, included Mr. and Mrs. Turnbull and Mr. and Mrs. Clapperton of the Grahamston Burns Club, and Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, "Clear Winding Devon" Club, Alva. This also was a most enjoyable night. On 23rd December, Christmas treat for members' children, is always a great occasion and it is a great pleasure to see the children enjoy themselves. A concert was held at Fishcross on behalf of the old age pensioners' fund and children's fund, which benefited to the amount of £3 15s. 6d. On 22nd January, 1949, the 5th Anniversary Dinner was held here in Coalsnaughton Hall. The president, Mr. David Walker, was in the chair, and gave a welcome to the members and visitors from other clubs. The Immortal Memory was proposed bL Mr. R. D. Christie, F.E.l.S., headmaster, Fishcross Schoo. Mr. Christie gave a fine address which was highly appreciated by everyone present. The toast "The Lassies" was proposed by Mr. William Barker, vice-president, and replied to by Mr. Robert M'Leish, who came up all the way from Derby to sup with the members of his old club. "Coalsnaughton Sister Clubs" was proposed by Mr. George Galloway, chairman of the area council and replied to by Mr. Frank Simpson. The Haggis was addressed by Mr. James Malcolm. On 25th February, a concert was held in aid of School Children's Fund. £16 16s. was raised and the money handed over to Mr. Carmichael, M.A., headmaster of Coalsnaughton School. On 1st May, outing to Dumfries. Dumfries is a very popular spot among our members, and it is because of the kindness and hospitality shown us every time we have been to the Queen of the South, that we aye wish to come back again. We want to thank Mr. John Sturgeon and Mr. Byers for their assistance and guidance, and to all the others, who made the visit to Dumfries a very pleasant memory. On 12th June, Children's Picnic to Burntisland, this is always a red letter day for the children, and the weather being fine, they spent a happy time at the waterside. Then on 10th July, members and wives drove to Aberfeldy; this is another popular place among our members. We have been at the Birks o' Aberfeldy before, but we never tire of the lovely mountain scenery, and the drive along Loch Tayside. During the incoming session an effort 120 BURNS CLUB NOTES

is to be made to raise funds for the proposed Mary Campbell Homes at Dunoon and an "at home" will be held for that purpose. JoHN G. CooK, Honorary Secretary.

636: GISBORNE (NEW ZEALAND) BURNS CLUB Once again we wish to report a very successful session under the chairmanship of Mr. W. B. Turbitt. The meetings are well attended, and the membership has increased considerably during the past year. Mr. J. Mathison, M.P., in proposing "The Immortal Memory," at the Anniversary Dinner, said, "Millions of people throughout the world are re-living and reciting the works of· Robbie Burns to-night." With due ceremony, Piper Mackintosh piped the haggis into the assembly and the address to the haggis was given with spirit and feeling by Mr. W. Cameron. As a club, we have attended a number of church parades during the year, with the Gisborne Highland Pipe Band in attendance. The Ladies' Night which was held on the nth June, proved to be a successful turn-out, and was well attended by members and friends. This social function included dancing. games and items throughout the evening. Preparations for the forthcoming Hallowe'en night are well in hand, and we are looking forward to a large gathering. JUNE HALL, Hon Secretary.

641 : ROSEWELL BURNS CLUB Although a comparative newcomer among Midlothian Clubs, · this Club is one (since its inception) that believes in making a Club worthy of a Club. Since its formation it has catered for its members in many ways, by holding functions, running 'bus drives to various parts of the country which are rich in memories of "Robert Burns," and visiting other Clubs in the vicinity. At the annual Burns supper over 100 guests sat down to supper in the Old Original Hotel, Roslin, a town which has also seen the "Poet," and that the wives and children are not forgotten can be vouched for by the fact, that all members' wives and children had a "free day" at Belhaven, near Dunbar. The schools also are not forgotten, and annually, four prizes are gifted to both schools in the town for a competition which is based on "Burns." BURNS CLUB NOTES 121

Many donations also have been gifted to various causes which were deserving cases, so all over the Club has done well. Although the. future may have its ups and downs, the Club will try and carry out a programme which will be worthy of a "Burns Club," and to all Clubs, whether at home or overseas, we send fraternal greetings from Rosewell Burns Club, 641, for success to their Clubs in the future. THOMAS M'LEAN, Secretary.

6s5 : KENNOWAY JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB

The Club has again experienced a very successful season under the chairmanship of Mr. John Traill. A highly successful schools competition was run in connection with their St. Andrews Day Supper. At the Anniversary Dinner, held in the Swan Hotel, 50 members sat down to an excellent supper purveyed by the pro­ prietor. "The Immortal Memory" was given by Rev. E. M. Davidson, Markinch, in a very able and inspiring manner. Other toasts included "The Lasses O" by Mr. James Dryburgh and reply by Rev. Wm. R. Smart; "Visiting Clubs" by Mr. A. Wh1ttam, manager of Messrs. John Haig & Co., Ltd., and reply by Dr. Sellars, Markinch. The Club's annual excursion in June, to Oban and lnveraray, was so much enjoyed that a second run was organised to Aberfoyle and the Trossachs. Both were very much enjoyed by all and the run over the hill from Aberfoyle through the Trossachs, the enchanting beauty of Loch Katrine and the foam­ ing cataracts which form the Falls of Leny left an impression not readily forgotten. L. WADDELL, Hon. Secretary.

669: COATBRIDGE HOME GUARD BURNS CLUB

The Club held three meetings in the session 1948-49. First was addressed by Mr. G. R. Hanson, M.A., on the subject "Burns Clubs." At the second meeting the secretary gave a short address on "The Kilmarnock Burns." The Anniversary Supper was held on 22nd January, and the toast "The Immortal Memory" was ably proposed by Dr. Thomas Wright, principal of Coatbridge Secondary School. 122 BURNS CLUB NOTES The annual meeting took place in April and the officials and committee were all re-elected. An outing to the Burns country took place in June, and a very enjoyable day was spent by the members. Donations were sent to The National Burns Houses; Jean Armour Houses and the Mary Campbell Home. THOMAS M'NAB, Secretary. 689 : PRINCE RUPERT BURNS CLUB The Club held a dinner meeting in the Broadway Cafe for the purpose of the handing over of the Diploma of Membership of the Burns Federation. In the absence of the Hon. President (Mr. R. Orme, who was on a visit to Scotland), the Vice­ President, Mr. R. Cameron, made the formal presentation and in doing so gave an outline of the beauty of the Charter and the delicacy and completeness of the work of the engraver and exhorted the members to study it closely as there is much to be learned from such study. In accepting custody of the Charter, the President, Mr. J. Frew, first of all thanked Mr. Cameron for his thoughtfulness and generosity in having furnished, at his own expense, a suitable frame for it. Continuing, the President referred to the organisa­ tion and ideals of the Burns Federation and concluded "While it is doubtless an honour to find ourselves admitted and accepted as members of this honourable organisation we must never forget that honours are usually accompanied by obligations and responsi­ bilities and that it becomes each one of us to see that we neither individually nor collectively shirk any one of them. As you know tlie chain is just as strong as its weakest link and it should be our constant care to see that the stability of the Federation is never impaired by the instability of the Prince Rupert Club." The remainder of the evening was spent in song and recitation and the President delighted the company with a masterful render- ing of "Tam o' Shanter." JAMES S. IRVINE, Hon. Secretary.

BURNS COTTAGE AND MUSEUM The greatest number of people ever to visit the Burns Cottage and Museum at Alloway in a twelve months period did so in the year ended 3oth September. The figure was 108,952, an increase of 4258 over the previous year. The largest number in one week was 8665, during the week ended 6th August, and the busiest month was July, with 30,570. Visitors to the Burns Monu­ ment totalled 61,166, a decrease of 3024 compared with the previous year. LIST OF THE 414

BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

ON THE

ROLL OF THE BURNS FEDERATION, 1950

The Secretary of a Club is also its "Burns Chronicle" official, unless another name and address is given

[Corrected to 3ut October, 1949]

0-ltll.KARNOCX BURNS CLUB: instituted 1808; federated 1885; 188 members; President, Rev. Peter Revie, M.A.; Secretary, Treasurer and Burns Chronicle official, W. Y. Haggo, 3 Seaford Street, Kilmarnock.

I-THE BURNS CLUB OF LONDON: instituted 1868; federated 1885; 250 members; President, Wm. Dalgarno; Secretary, Donald Munro, 5 Links Road, Epsom, Surrey; Treasurer, Ian B. White, "Corrie," Links Way, Woodhall Gate, Pinner, Middlesex; Burns Chronicle official, John R. Watson, 5 Meadow Drive, Hendon, London, N.W+

2-ALEXANDRIA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1884; federated 1885; 40 members; President, John Gilmour; Secretary, John Barton, 126 Middleton Street, Alexandria; Treasurer, Thomas Moncur, Mitchell Street, Alexandria; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

3-TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1858; federated 1885; 106 members; President, Norman McGilvray; Secretary, W. McFarlane, 41 Cumlodden Drive, Maryhill, Glasgow, N.W.; Treasurer, John M. Pollok, 146 Hyndland Road, Glasgow, W.2; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 124 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

7-THISTLE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1882; federated 1885; 50 mem­ bers; President, Charles Y. Morton; Secretary, David Moffat, I~ Park Road, Glasgow, C.4; Treasurer, John Morton, 69 Nicholson Street, Glasgow, C.5; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

9-ROYALTY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1882; federated 1886; 121 mem­ bers; President, Kenneth MacLean; Secretary and Treasurer, William M'Minn, 5 St. Vincent Place, Glasgow, C.1.

JO-DUMBARTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1859; federated 1886; 8<> members; President, Andrew Watson; Secretary and Treasurer, John Lithgow, Park Lea, Stirling Road, Dumbarton.

II-CHESTERFIELD AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION: federated 1886; reconstituted 1910; re-affiliated 1930; 385 members; Presi­ dent, Robert Paul; Secretary, Mrs. Mina Nicholson, 3 Goldwelt House, Ashgate Road, Chesterfield; Treasurer, Mrs. F. W. Broom, · 12 Whitecotes Lane, Chesterfield.

14-DUNDEE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1860; federated 1886; 43 mem­ bers; President, Adam J. Ingram; Secretary, Harry Taylor, 37 Union Street, Dundee; Treasurer, Alexander McLoggan, 37 Union Street, Dundee.

15-BELPAST BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted 1886; federated 1886; 400 members; President, George Roddick; Secretary, Edward R. Forgrave, 48 Bloomfield Road, Belfast; Treasurer, Frank O'Neill, B.A., 1 Tennyson Avenue, Bangor, Co. Down; Burns Chronicle official, Captain J. A. Greig, 51 Landsdowne Road, Belfast.

17-NOTTINGHAM SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION: instituted 1871; re-constituted 1902; federated 1886; re-affiliated 1903; 535 members; President, Mrs. H. M. Crowley; Secretary, John Leith, 70 Sutton Passey's Crescent, Wollaton Park, Nottingham; Treasurer, Mrs. E. S. Warrior, "Foyers," 7 Ilkeston Road, Stapleford, Nottingham; Burns Chronicle official, J. Currie, 20 Arboretum Street, Notting­ ham.

20-AIRDRIE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1885; federated 1886; 174 mem­ bers; President, Jo,. Purdie; Secretary, George R. Hanson, 54. _Moth.erwell S~~. ·' ~rdrie; Treasurer, Thomas D. Watt, Bnnsh Lmen Bank, ' rdne. I 21--GREENOCK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1801; federated 1886; 20<> members; President, Andrew F. McMillan; Secretary, George C. Filshie, 107 Eldon Street, Greenock; Treasurer, John Galloway, Commercial Bank of Scotland, Ltd., 74 West Blackhall Street, Greenock. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 125

.22-J!DINBURGH BUllNS CLUB: instituted 1848; federated 1886; u3 members; President W. S. Allison, D.L., J.P.; Secretary, J. Gibson Kerr, W.S., 51 Castle Street, Edinburgh; Treasurer, George Harris, F.A.S.A., 28 Hillside Street, Edinburgh, 7; Burns Cilronide official, Treasurer.

:25--ST. ANDllBW's SOCIETY OF WINNIPEG: instituted 1871; federated 1886; 185 members; President, George Skinner; Secretary, John D. McKelvie, 751 Valour Road, Winnipeg, Canada; Treasurer, George M. Paton, 200 Dromore Avenue, Winnipeg; Burns Chronicle official, Robert Stevenson, 34 Martin Avenue, Winnipeg.

:i&-PEllTH BUllNS CLUB: instituted 1873; federated 1886; 46 members; President, Andrew Arthur; Secretary, J. Livingstone Milne, 4 King Edward Street, Perth; Treasurer, J. B. Monteith.

33-GLASGOW HAGGIS CLUB: instituted 1872; federated 1886; 78 mem­ bers; President, J. MacGill George, B.L.; Secretary and Treasurer, J. Lawrence Grant, C.A., 14 Leven Street, Glasgow, C.1

34~AllllICK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1859; federated 1887; 32 mem­ bers; President, Arthur E. Collins; Secretary and Treasurer, William Allan, 5 Netherview Road, Netherlee, Glasgow.

35-DALRY (AYRSHIRE) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1825; federated 1887; 79 members; President, Archibald G. Comrie; Secretary, Douglass G. Gordon, National Bank Buildings, Dairy, Ayrshire; Treasurer, John L. Thomson, Allandale, Dairy.

3&-llOSEBBRY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1885; federated 1887; 129 mem­ bers; President, Robert J. Speirs; Secretary, Archibald W. Alexander, 55 Glencoe Street, Glasgow, W.3; Treasurer, William McMinn, 5 St. Vincent Place, Glasgow, C.1; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

37-DOLLAR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1887; federated 1887; 41 members; President, J. G. Shirreffs; Secretary, Peter Mitchell, 22 Cairnpark Street, Dollar; Treasurer, John Muckersie, Station Road, Dollar.

40--ABBRDBBN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1872; federated 1889; 180 members; President, C. C. Easton; Joint Secretaries, R. H. Watson, The Cottage, 271 George Street, Aberdeen, and Mr. A. Noble; Treasurer, Mrs. Ironside, 83 Willowbank Road, Aber­ deen.

44-FORPAR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1891; federated 1891; 153 members; President, James N. Strachan; Secretary and Treasurer, Norman W. Auburn, 33 Lour Road, Forfar.

45--<:UlitNoCK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1887; federated 1891; no mem­ bers; President, David L. M'Cardel; Secretary, G. Fredericks, 126 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

Clydesdale Bank House, Cumnock; Treasurer, H. Connell, West­ field, Curnnock.

48-PAISLEY BURNS CLUB: instituted I805; federated 1891; 31 members; President, John Hill; Secretary, George B. Ballantyne, Tweedsmuir, Potterhill Avenue, Paisley; Treasurer, Daniel Ure, Fetteresso, 9 High Calside, Paisley; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

49-BRIDGETON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1870; federated 1891; 1700 members; President, John Ramage; Secretary and Treasurer, C. Gordon Brown, 569 London Road, Glasgow, S.E.

5o-n1RLING BURNS CLUB: instituted 1886; federated Ifl92; 130 mem­ bers; President, Robert Graham; Secretary, Thos. R. Corrie, 36 Upper Craigs, Stirling; Treasurer, Robert Graham, M.B.E .• National Bank House, Stirling; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

53--GOVAN PAIRPIELD BURNS CLUB: instituted 1886; federated 1892; 53 members; President, Douglas M. Hall; Secretary, Mrs. V. Douglas, 56 Strathcona Drive, Glasgow, W.3; Treasurer, David McCarren, 17 Burghead Drive, Glasgow, S.W.1.

55-DERBY SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION AND BURNS CLUB: instituted I~; federated 1893; 320 members; President, Dr. A. Morrison; Joint Secretaries, W. M. Wylie, and Miss A. W. Wylie, 12 Kedleston Road, Allestree, Derby; Treasurer, P. C. MacNec, 6 Elmwood Drive, Brcadsall, nr. Derby.

56--MUIRKillX LAPRAIK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1893; federated 1893; 120 members; President, S. C. Matthews; Secretary, George Vallance, Station Road, Muirkirk; Treasurer, E. M. Kerr, Clydes­ dale Bank, Muirkirk; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

59--GOUROCK JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1893; federated 1893; 160 members; President, Norman Russell; Secretary, Lachlan A. Osborne, 5 McCallum Crescent, Gourock; Treasurer, William R. Drummond, 63 Shore Street, Gourock; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

62-CUPAR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1893; federated 1893; 116 members; President, Sheriff J. W. More; Acting Secretary and Treasurer, J. G. Rutherford, National Bank, Cupar-Fife.

65-MUSSELBURGH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1886; federated 1894; rc­ affiliated I949: members; President, John W. Love; Secretary and Treasurer, Thomas Young, c/o Glass, Ravenshaugh Road, Levenhall, Musselburgh. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES I27

68-sANDYFORD (GLASGOW) BURNS CLUB: instituted I893; federated I894; 578 members; President, Alexander Beith; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel W. Love, The British Linen Bank, Charing Cross Branch, 5I5 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, C.3; Burns Chronicle official, Sheriff W. Boyd Berry, Craigard, 29 Barrhill Road, Gourock.

69-DUNEDIN BURNS CLUB, INC. : instituted 186!; federated 1~4; 600 members; President, William Brown; Secretary, A. A. McLennan, 118 Harbour Terrace, Dunedin, N.1; Treasurer, A. McMillan, 515 Highgate, Maori Hill, Dunedin, N.W.1.

71-cARLISLE BURNS CLUB: federated 1895; 62 members; President, Fred W. Wright; Secretary, J. J. Barnes, 141 Dalston Road, Carlisle; Treasurer, John Jordan, Grosvenor House, Warwick Square, Carlisle; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

72-PARTICK BURNS CLUB: instituted I885; federated I895; 82 mem­ bers; President, J. Duncan Cran; Secretary and Treasurer, A. M. Ogilvie Robertson, 79 West Regent Street, Glasgow, C.2.

74-NATIONAL BURNS MEMORIAL AND COTTAGE HOMES, MAUCHLINE; instituted 1888; federated 1895; President, Col. A. D. Macinnes Shaw, D.S.O., J.P., D.L.; Secretary, David J. S. Harvey, 65 Renfield Street, Glasgow, C.2; Treasurer, H. Plant Alexander, The Cottage, Eaglesham Park, Renfrewshire.

76--BRECHIN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1894; federated 1896; 75 mem­ bers; President, Provost James S. Kinghorn; Secretary and Treasurer, Fred J. Cooper, 52 St. David Street, Brechin.

82-ARBROATH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1888; federated 1896; 85 mem· hers; President, Provost John F. Webster; Secretary and Treasurer, Thomas M. Paterson, 89 High Street, Arbroath.

85-DUNFERMLINE UNITED BURNS CLUB: instituted I812; federated 1~6; So members; President, W. A. Thexton, J.P., National Bank House, Dunfermline; Secretary, T. Spowart, M.A., 116 Dewar Street, Dunfermline; Treasurer, P. S. Whyte, National Bank, Dunfermline; Burns Chronicle official, as Treasurer.

86--WINSOME WILLIE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1856; federated 1896; re-affiliated 1947; 50 members; President, Hugh Kelly; Secretary, William Waugh, I4 Nan's Terrace, Old Cumnock; Treasurer, James Muir, 58 Wyllie Crescent, Old Cumnock; Burns Chronicle official, Hugh Kelly, 57 Keir Hardie Hill, Old Cumnock.

89-8UNDERLAND CLUB: instituted 1897; federated 1897; 75 members; President, John D. McBain; Secretary, Donald Gordon, 33 Chatsworth Street, Sunderland; Treasurer, A. W. Semple, 105 Dunelm South, Sunderland; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 128 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

91-sHE'ITLESTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1897; federated 1897; 150 members; President, W. Hunter; Secretary and Treasurer, R. Wright, 397 Amulree Street, Glasgow, E.2.

96-JEDBURGH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1869; federated 1897; 50 mem­ bers; President, Councillor Andrew Moncur; Secretary and Trea­ surer, Andrew 0. Clarkson, 11 The Bountrees, Jedburgh.

100--HAMILTON MOSSGIEL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1892; federated 1898; 40 members; President, John R. Fotheringham; Secretary, Peter Mackie, Netherside, Strathaven; Treasurer, John King, 21 Neils­ land Street, Hamilton.

108-EAST CALDER AND DISTRICT JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1897; federated 1899; 86 members; President, John M. Wardlaw; Secretary, Alex. Henderson, 37 Langton Road, East Calder; Treasurer, James Glasgow, Main Street, East Calder.

II2-DUMPRIES BURNS HOWFP CLUB: instituted 1889; federated 1899; 140 members; President, Dr. L. R. Carmichael; Joint Secretaries, N. Little, 4 Cumberland Street, Dumfries, and John Andrew; Trea­ surer, T. S. McCrorie, Burns House, Dumfries; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

120--BRISTOL CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1820; federated 1900; 297 members; President, J. E. Barbour; Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Winifred Measdy, Albion Chambers, Bristol.

121-HAMILTON JUNIOR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1886; federated 1901; 48 members; President, A. McCulloch; Secretary, H. Towall, 8 Backmuir Crescent, Whitehill, Hamilton; Treasurer, R. Thorpe, Covanville, Carlisle Road, Hamilton.

124-THE NINETY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1890; federated 1902; IIO members; President, W. J. King Gillies; Secretary, R. A. B. McLaren, 4 Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, 9; Treasurer, J. L. McLean, 43 Morningside Road, Edinburgh; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

125-BLACKBURN-ON-ALMOND BURNS CLUB: instituted 1897; federated 1902; 30 members; President, James W. Sangster; Secretary, George Millar, 1 Mosshall Place, Blackbum, by Bathgate, West Lothian; Treasurer, Robert Savage, Almond Inn, Blackburn, by Bathgate.

126-..PALXIRK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1866; federated 1902; 200 members; President, Dr. W. J. Logie; Secretary and Treasurer, R. H. Menzies, 14 Princes Street, Falkirk. i33-NEWARTHILL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1903; federated 1904; 25 members; President, Thos. Law, J.P.; Secretary, James B. Mathew, BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 129

23 Loanhead Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell; Treasurer, Alex. Maxwell, So Monkall Street, Newarthill; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

139-NATlONAL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1904; federated 1904; 100 mem­ bers; President, Malcolm B. Macrae, M.B.E., M.A.; Secretary and Treasurer, William B. Harkness, C.A., 48 West Regent Street, Glasgow, C.2.

149-ELGIN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1905; federated 1905; President, John Wittet; Secretary and Treasurer, C. B. Wilken, Bank Build­ ings, High Street, Elgin.

152-THE HAMILTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1877; federated 1906; IOO members; President, Joseph C. Patterson; Secretary, John Jackson, 54 Cadzow Street, Hamilton; Treasurer, John G. Tevendale, National Bank of Scotland, Ltd., Hamilton; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 153-scoTTISH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1903; federated 1906; 650 mem­ bers; President, John B. Bodie; Secretary and Treasurer, J. Kevan McDowall, 202 Bath Street, Glasgow, C.2. 156-NEWCASTLE AND TYNESIDE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1864; federated 1906; 150 members; President, J. Renwick Vickers; Secretary and Treasurer, F. Ferry, 48 Bolbec Road, Fenham, Newcastle­ upon-Tyne, 4; Burns Chronicle official, J. Renwick Vickers, "Belvoir," St. Bede's, East Bolden, Co. Durham.

I 57-BAILLIESTON CALEDONIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1901; federated 1906; President, John Scobbie; Secretary, Andrew Swan, 6 Maxwell Street, Baillieston; Treasurer, Donald McFarlane, 35 Main Street, Baillieston; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

158-DARLINGTON BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted 1906; federated 19o6; 28 members; President, James Morrison; Secretary, Ian Hamilton, 1 Fenby Avenue, Darlington; Treasurer, William R. Vickerton, 25 High Row, Darlington. 160-wHITBURN BURNS CLUB: federated 19o6; Secretary, William Ramsay, 21 Manse Avenue, Whitburn, West Lothian. 161-CHARLESTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1905; federated 19o6; 50 members; President, William Carruth; Secretary and Treasurer, Archibald Thomson, Janeville, 37 Quarry Road, Lochfield, Paisley; Burns Chronicle official, Andrew Shannon, 108 Neilston Road, Paisley. 165-wALLSEND BURNS CLUB: instituted 1887; federated 1907; 50 mem hers; President, James Sanderson; Secretary, G. Pringle, 3 Roch­ dale Street, Wallsend; Treasurer, G. Gibbs, 21 Briarwood Crescent, W alkerville, Newcastle. 130 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

167-BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND SCOTTISH SOCIETY: instituted 1888; federated 1924; 820 members; President, Dr. Robert Rodger; Secretary, R. W. S. Mackay, 35 Wycome Road, Hall Green, Birmingham, 28; Treasurer, D. G. Young, 15 Boultbee Road, Wylde Green, Birmingham.

169-GLASGOW AND DISTRICT BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted 1907; federated 1908; 28 members; President, Robert Orr; Secretary, Andrew Stenhouse, rn4 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, C.2; Treasurer, A. Neil Campbell, F.C.C.S., 141 Craiglea Drive, Edin­ burgh; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

171--cHATTANOOGA BURNS SOCIETY: instituted 1907; federated 1908; President, Milton B. Ochs; Secretary and Treasurer, Col. R. B­ Cooke, James Building, Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.A.

173-IRVINE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1826; federated 1908; 378 mem­ bers; President, Robert Whyte; Secretary, William Phillips, M.A., 43 Bank Street, Irvine; Treasurer, J. Norval Murray, LL.B., Woodlands, Kilwinning Road, Irvine; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

181-PRIMROSE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1900; federated 1909; 150 mem­ bers; President, Wm. C. Simpson; Secretary and Treasurer, George Calderwood, 151 Tantallon Road, Glasgow, S.1.

182-sTANE MOSSGIEL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1900; federated 1946; (re­ affiliated); 25 members; President, Thomas Dunlop; Secretary, George McKay, 188 Springhill Road, Shotts; Treasurer, George Todd, c/o Dunlop, 220 Torbothie Road, Shotts.

183-LONDONDERRY BURNS CLUB AND CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1907; federated 1909; 94 members; President, Rev. N. Farquhar Orr, B.A., B.D.; Secretary, A. MacKenzie, 17 Florence Street, Park Avenue, Londonderry; Treasurer, William Parke, 20 West­ land Avenue, Londonderry.

184-BLAIRADAM SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1907; federated 1909; 30 members; President, Robert Cook; Secretary, Thos. C. Anderson, Rowan Cottage, Main Street, Kelty, Fife; Treasurer, John Clarkson, 50 Blair Street, Kelty.

19Q--PORT GLASGOW BURNS CLUB: instituted 19rn; federated 19rn; 50 members; President, Andrew Macnab; Secretary, Duncan D. Graham, 33 Glasgow Road, Port Glasgow; Treasurer, William McTaggart, 57 Ardgowan Street, Port Glasgow.

192-AYRSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF FEDERATED BURNS CLUBS: instituted 19o1!; federated 19rn; 38 clubs; President, James Milgrew; Secretary and Treasurer, John M. Irving, 20 Melville Street, Kilmarnock. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 131

197-wINNIPEG BURNS CLUB: instituted 1905; federated 1911; 60 mem­ bers; President, E. R. McConnachie; Secretary, Robert A. Sloan, 150 Garfield Street, Winnipeg, Man., Canada; Treasurer, John E. Sirett, 372 Waterloo Street, Winnipeg.

198-coREBRIDGE TWENTY-FIVE JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1906; federated 1911; 50 members; President, Thomas Vickers; Secretary, J. T. Scott, 41 Arniston Circus, Gorebridge; Treasurer, Thomas Rutherford, 35 Hunterfield Terrace, Gorebridge.

199----NEWBATTLE AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1910; federated 1911 ;· 93 members; President, Robert Pilmer; Secretary, John Campbell, 4 Leighton Crescent, Easthouses, Dalkeith; Treasurer, George Temple, 30 Galadale Crescent, Newtongrange.

207-cAMBUSLANG WINGATE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1908; federated 1912; 30 members; President, Adam Humphries; Secretary, Mrs. Isabella Johnstone, 21 Clyde Place, Halfway, Cambuslang; Treasurer, John Clark, 36 Burn Terrace, Eastfield, Cambuslang; Burns Chronicle official, President.

208-coLARADO SPRINGS AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1897; federated 1912; 12 members; President, John Ferguson; Secretary, John B. Wemyss, 1720 N. El Paso Street, Colorado Springs, Colorada, U.S.A.; Treasurer, Chas. S. Hamilton, c/o Enterprise Tent and Awning Co., Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A.

209"-GREENOCK ST. JOHN'S BURNS CLUB: instituted 1909; federated 1912; 140 members; President, J. R. Lynn; Secretary, R. S. Paul, 35 Royal Street, Gourock, Renfrewshire; Treasurer, W. Hatrick, 21 South Street, Greenock.

212-PORTOBELLO BURNS CLUB: instituted 1892; federated 1913; 78 members; President, Alex. Macfarlane; Secretary, William H. Garvie, 7 Straiton Place, Portobello, Midlothian; Treasurer, Peter Ramsay, 10 Promenade Terrace, Joppa, Midlothian; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

213-KINGSTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1912; federated 1913; 80 mem­ bers; President, Robert Armour; Secretary, Alexander H. Fairley, 6i Pollok Street, Glasgow, C.5; Treasurer, Alexander C. Smith, 150 Arisaig Drive, Glasgow, S.W.2; Burns Chronicle official, Mrs. A. Burrows, 76 Tarfside Avenue, Glasgow, S.W.2.

217-ESKDALE BURNS CLUB: federated 1913; 136 members; President, Miss J. Graham; Secretary, Mrs. Pool, 28 High Street, Langholm; Treasurer, Archibald Armstrong, 4 Douglas Terrace, Langholm; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 132 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

218-BANNOCKBURN EMPIRE BURNS CLUB: instituted I912; federated 19I3; I6 members; President, Thomas Hood; Secretary and Treasurer, Daniel Rae, 22 1 Quakerfield, Bannockburn, Stirling.

22

225-HELENSBURGH BURNS CLUB: instituted 19II; federated 1913; 100 members; President, Robert Brown; Secretary, Thomas Ferguson, 104 West Princes Street, Helensburgh; Treasurer, Alex. Goodlet, 45 East Princes Street, Helensburgh.

226--DUMFRIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1820; federated 1913; 136 mem­ bers; President, J. A. Gibson; Secretary, H. G. McKerrow, 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries; Treasurer, H. Cunningham, Glen­ logan, Ardwall Road, Dumfries.

236--wHITEHAVEN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1914; federated 1914; 73 members; President, Dr. R. W. Chalmers; Secretary and Trea­ surer, and Burns Chronicle official, John Davidson, 9 Edgehill Terrace, Whitehaven.

237-UDDINGSTON MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1914; federated 1914; 30 members; President, Robert McKirdy; Secretary, William Sharp, 7 Hazel Terrace, Viewpark, Uddingston; Treasurer, Arthur Downie, 89 Woodlands Crescent, Bothwell; Burns Chronicle official, the Treasurer.

238-BURNS CLUB OF ATLANTA (GEORGIA): instituted 1896; federated 1914; 66 members; President, Charles M. Davis; Secretary, Robert Macdonald, 1024 Los Angeles Avenue, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.; Treasurer, Eugene F. King, 10 Pryor Street Building, Atlanta .

.239-HAWICK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1878; federated 1914; 617 mem­ bers; President, Ernest McGee; Secretary, Thomas McEwen, Hawick Burns Club, Albert Road, Hawick; Treasurer, Alexander Pringle, Hawick Burns Club, Albert Road, Hawick.

242-MONTROSE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1908; federated 1915; IOO mem­ bers; President, J. W. Spence; Secretary and Treasurer, R. V. Fairweather, jun., 47a John Street, Montrose.

244-DALMUIR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1914; federated 1916; 8o mem­ bers; President, Donald Macleod; Secretary, Treasurer and Burns Chronicle official, John R. S. Lockhart, 41 East Thomson Street, Clydebank. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 133

252-ALLOWAY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1908; federated 1918; JOO mem­ bers; President, Robert Cunningham; Secretary and Treasurer, Francis P. Welsh, Schoolhouse, Alloway.

254-GREENOCK VICTORIA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1915; federated 1918; 40 members; President, Duncan McLellan; Secretary, Archibald MacLeod, 58 Belville Street, Greenock; Treasurer, Mrs. Margaret MacLeod, 58 Belville Street, Greenock; Burns Chronicle official, Secretary.

256-NEWTON-ON-AYR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1904; federated 1919; re-affiliated 1943; 93 members; President, Andrew Taylor; Secre­ tary, Edward Leggat, 15 Back Hawkhill, Ayr; Treasurer, Alexander Borland, 31 Church Street, Ayr.

262-FIFESHIRE BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted 1919; federated 1919; 25 members; President, Mrs. M. Mathieson; Secretary, Thos. C. Anderson, Rowan Cottage, Main Street, Kelty, Fife; Treasurer, Thos. Bain, 7 Union Street, Kelty, Fife.

263-GLASGOW MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1919; federated 1919; 1041 members; President, David Gordon; Secretary, William E. Thomas, 1298 Argyle Street, Glasgow, C.3; Treasurer, William Cooper Watson, 279 Croftfoot Road, Glasgow, S.4; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

266-NEWTON JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1910; federated 1920; 10 members; President, Wm. Mcintosh; Secretary, A. Lightbody, 60 Pitt Street, Newton, Cambuslang; Treasurer, Thos. Hynd, 30 Dunlop Street, Newton, Cambuslang. 271-TRENTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1919; federated 1920; 17 mem­ bers; President, Alex. Osler; Secretary, Neil A. Waugh, 656 Schiller Avenue, Trenton, 10, N.J., U.S.A.; Treasurer, David Waugh, 267 Clover Avenue, Trenton; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 274-TROON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1920; federated 1920; 150 members; President, George T. Adam; Secretary, T. M. Brown, 39 West Portland Street, Troon; Treasurer, N. McPherson, Bank of Scot­ land, Troon. 275-AYR BURNS CLUB: instituted r886; federated 1920; 204 members; President, W. T. H. Inglis, M.A., B.A.; Secretary, David Mccreadie, B.Sc., F.R.l.C., Beechwood, 5 St. Leonard's Road. Ayr; Treasurer, Norman MacKinnon, C.A., 23 Barns Street, Ayr; Burns Chronicle official, D. J. Willison, Gearholm, Alloway. 278-cLAN STEWART NO. 50 ORDER OF SCOTTISH CLANS: instituted 1888; federated 1920; 180 members; President, P. M. Young; Secretary, William Morrison, 1130 East 3rd Street, Duluth, 5, Minn., U.S.A.; Treasurer, Archie Brown, 108 Eden Lane, Duluth. 134 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

283-s1NCLAIRTOWN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1920; federated 1920; 30 members; President, George Inglis; Secretary, John D. Bease, 1 Dysart Road, Kirkcaldy; Treasurer, George S. Nicol, 19lla St. Clair Street, Kirkcaldy.

284-PHILADELPHIA NORTH-EASTERN BURNS CLUB: instituted 189l); fede­ rated 1921; 60 members; President, Robert Bryson; Secretary, Henry Collins, 6540 Marsden Street, Philadelphia, 35, Penn., U.S.A.; Treasurer, Thomas Garland, 3415 N. Ella Street, Phila­ delphia, 33; Burns Chronicle official, Alexander MacDonald, 4203 E. Barnett Street, Philadelphia, 24.

288-BEITH CALEDONIA BURNS CLUB: instituted 19II; federated 1921; 16 members; President, James Lee; Secretary, Robert McBeth, 40 Barrmill, Beith; Treasurer, Samuel Knox, 20 ¥ains Avenue, Beith.

292-GRAHAMSTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1920; federated 1921; 40 members; President, William P. Turnbull; Secretary, Robert Mackie, 91 Main Street, Bainsford, Falkirk; Treasurer, John S. Mcinnes, 23 Carronside Street, Falkirk; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

293-NEWCRAIGHALL DISTRICT POOSEY NANCY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1921; ~derated 1921; 60 members; President, George Robertson; Secre­ tary, William Blair, 8 Avenue Square, Newcraighall, Mussel­ burgh; Treasurer, R. B. Brown, 15 Park Terrace, Newcraighall, Musselburgh; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 295-THE BURNS HOUSE CLUB LIMITED: instituted 1920; federated 1921; 120 members; President, Fred H. Chisholm; Secretary and Treasurer, John Grant, C.A., 200 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, C.2. 296-wALSALL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1900; federated 1922; So mem­ bers; President, Andrew M. Craig; Secretary, Dr. D. M. Macmillan, Great Barr Hall, Birmingham, 22a; Treasurer, T. H. Myatt, "Ashleigh," Lichfield Road, Rushall, Walsall. 303-VICTORIA ST. ANDREW'S AND CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1872; federated 1922; 106 members; President, James Berwick; Secre­ tary, Miss Georgina Mackay, 136o McNair Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Treasurer, Mrs. Dirom, 830 Princess Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia.

305-NEW WATERFORD BURNS CLUB, CANADA: federated 1922; re-affiliated 1938; Secretary, W. R. Cameron, 417-10th Street, New Water­ ford, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. 307-EDINBURGH AYRSHIRE ASSOCIATION: instituted 1914; federated 1922;- 200 members; President, Henry Barton; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, John McVie, 13 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, 7. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 135

309-ANNAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1910; federated 1923; 90 members; President, Stanley G. Trout; Secretary and Treasurer, K. G. Sutherland, Solicitor, Royal Bank Buildings, Annan.

310-MAUCHLINE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1923; federated 1923; 200 members; President, Andrew Y. Crawford; Secretary, James Dunlop, Oakbank, Mauchline; Treasurer, Andrew Smith, "Alvaston," Mauchline.

314-scoTTISH BURNS CLUB, EDINBURGH: instituted 1920; federated 1923; 60 members; President, D. M. Smith; Secretary, D. A. Wilson, 7 Middleby Street, Edinburgh, 9; Treasurer, W. Kinnear, 19 Pent­ land Terrace, Edinburgh, 10.

31!)-FISHERROW MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1924; 20 members; President, John Robb; Secretary and Treasurer, John Heron, 33 Wellington Street, Portobello.

320-TROY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1903; federated 1924; 130 members; President, John R. Phillips; Secretary, Robert E. Urquhart, 110 Canvass Street, Cohoes, New York, U.S.A.; Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Luther Marland.

323-KIRKCUDBRIGHT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1918; federated 1924; 72 members; President, John Corrie; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Norman C. Macmillan, 32 St. Cuthbert Street, Kirkcudbright.

324-sTOCKTON (N.s.w.) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1923; federated 1924; 26 members; Patron, Alex. B. Garden; President, William Miller; Secretary, Norman M'Laren, 4 Ross Street, Stockton, N.S.W.; Treasurer, Mrs. D. James, 51 Fullerton Street, Stockton, N.S.W.

325-vANCOUVER BURNS FELLOWSHIP: instituted 1924; federated 1924; President, John Crawford; Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Jean Carrick, 5456 Blenheim Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

326-BINGRY JOLLY BEGGARS LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1921; fede­ rated 1924; 28 members; President, Mrs. J. Gibb; Secretary, Mrs. H. Davidson, 10 Kirkland Park, Ballingry, Lochore, Fife; Trea­ surer, Mrs. J. Wood, 87 Kirkland Gardens, Ballingry, Lochore, Fife.

327-PERTH ST. MARK'S BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1924; 40 members; Secretary and Treasurer, David McRae, 33 Glover Street, Craigie, Perth.

329-NEWARK AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1923; fede­ rated 1924; 160 members; President, Coun. Dr. P. Kinmont, J.P.; Secretary, Jas. R. Henderson, 14 Winchilsea Avenue, Newark, Notts.; Treasurer, Iain McCrea, 13 Milner Street, Newark. 136 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

330-GLENCRAIG BONNIE JEAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1925; 20 members; President, Mrs. John McCormack; Secretary, Mrs. John Lynas, Burns Cottages, Crosshill, Glencraig, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. W. Justice, 7 Benarty Avenue, Crosshill, Glen­ craig; Burns Chronicle official, Mrs. John Carson, 110 North Glencraig, Glencraig.

331-ROBERT BURNS SOCIETY OP BUFFALO (N.Y.): instituted 1913; federated 1925; 77 members; President, Ivan Wilson Girvin; Secretary, Adam P. T. Millar, 165 Landon Street, Buffalo, 8, N.Y.; Trea­ surer, William James Key, 66 Buffam Street, Buffalo, 10, N.Y.

336-PETERHEAD BURNS CLUB : instituted 1826; federated 1925; 85 mem­ bers; President, Professor R. D. Lockhart, M.D., Ch.M.; Secretary, Robert Neish, 2 Rose Street, Peterhead; Treasurer, A. M. Ross, The National Bank of Scotland, Ltd., Peterhead; Burns Chronicle official, the Treasurer.

338-DALKEITH AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1925; re-affiliated 1945; 28 members; President, Alex. Dow; Secretary, W. L. Anderson, 38 Woodburn Drive, Dalkeith; Trea­ surer, David Adams, 8 Edinburgh Road, Dalkeith.

341-LEITH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1826; federated 1925; 100 members; President, James Lumsden, L.D.S.; Secretary, J. S. Mackie, 38 Restalrig Terrace, Leith; Treasurer, R. L. T. Richardson, M.C., 225 Ferry Road, Leith.

345-DENBEATH AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1925; re-affiliated 1938; 32 members; President, Harry Ewan; Secretary, Thomas Ballantyne, 7 Donaldson Road, Methilhill, Leven, Fife; Treasurer, James Bennet, 17 Brown Crescent, Methilhill, by Leven.

346--oAKBANK MOSSGIEL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1923; federated 1925; 200 members; President, Robert M. Jamieson; Secretary, Trea­ surer and Burns Chronicle official, Thomas McLuckie, Oakbank, Mid Calder, Midlothian.

348-NEWTON JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1925; 30 members; President, Mrs. P. Davie; Secretary, Mrs. D. McNulty, 12 Lockhart Avenue, Westburn, by Cambuslang; Trea­ surer, Mrs. J. Farrell, 24 Westburn Road, Cambuslang, near Glasgow.

354-ROYAL CLAN, ORDER OP SCOTTISH CLANS: instituted 1878; federated 1926; 19,360 members; President, Gilbert W. Carmichael; Secre­ tary, Thomas R. P. Gibb, 199 Washington Street, Boston, 8, Mass., U.S.A.; Treasurer, William Reid, P.O. Box 785, Church Street Annex, New York, 7, N.Y., U.S.A. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 137

355-CALCUTTA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1926; 120 mem­ bers; President, H. C. Bannerman; Secretary, W. F. Howie, c/o Messrs. Bird & Co., Post Box 46, Calcutta; Treasurer, C. F. Henry, c/o Messrs. Bird & Co., Post Box 46, Calcutta.

356-BURNBANK AND DISTRICT MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1926; 60 members; President, M. Phillips; Secretary, Joseph Stannage, 20 High Blantyre Road, Burnbank, Hamilton; Treasurer, Maxwell Sneddon, 10 Dryden Street, Burnbank, Hamilton; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

363-BARROW ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY: instituted 1878; federated 1926; 156 members; President, J. Livingston, M.D., F.R.C.S.(Edin.); Secretary, W. J. Liddle, F.R.C.S.(Edin.), Abbey Road, Barrow-in­ Furness; Treasurer, W. Walkinshaw, 54 Friars Lane, Barrow-in­ Furness.

365-cATRINE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1926; re-affiliated 1945; 30 members; President, Thomas Auld; Secretary, David Paterson, 36 Sorn Street, Catrine; Treasurer, Hugh Ramsay, 1 Ballochmyle Street, Catrine; Burns Chronicle official, John M. Irving, 20 Melville Street, Kilmarnock.

366-LIVERPOOL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1926; 300 mem­ bers; President, D. Crosbie Wright; Secretary, Hamish H. Rae, 9 Park View, Waterloo, Liverpool, 22; Treasurer, D. C. Wright, 7 Meadway, Spital, Bromborough, Cheshire.

367-DoRNOCH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1912; federated 1927; re-affiliated 1938; Treasurer, R. A. Murray, High Street, Dornoch.

369-MAYBOLE ST. CRISPEN's BURNS CLUB: instituted 1896; federated l92n 50 members; President, John Fisher, J.P.; Secretary, James H. McKie, 31 Glebe Crescent, Maybole; Treasurer, Thomas Conkie, 11 Wellington Street, Maybole.

372-BAILLIESTON JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1927; 81 members; President, Mrs. J. Haddow; Secretary, Mrs. A. Watson, no Monkland View Crescent, Bargeddie; Treasurer, Mrs. T. Johnstone, Baillieston, Glasgow.

373-RED HILL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1921; federated 1927; 66 mem­ bers; Secretary and Treasurer, Harry Elliott, 50 Clyde Road, Red Hill, Natal, South Africa.

375-eoLYOKE CALEDONIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1927; 54 members; President, Charles Lovie; Secretary,

Treasurer, James Nicol, 19 Liberty Street, Easthampton, Massa­ chusetts; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 138 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

377-KILBIRNIE ROSEBERY BURNS CLUB: instituted 19o6; federated 1927; 65 members; President, James Ferguson; Secretary, James McCartney, Knoxville, Kilbirnie; Treasurer, James E. Shaw, 1 Central Avenue, Kilbirnie; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

378-EDINBURGH DISTRICT BURNS CLUBS' ASSOCIATION: instituted 1925; federated 1927; 9 clubs; President, John McVie; Secretary, Fred. J. Belford, M.A., 3 Park Grove, Liberton, Edinburgh, 9; Treasurer, Gavin W. Brown, 16 Mertoun Place, Edinburgh.

,,.. 379-THE HARTLEPOOLS BURNS CLUB: instituted I926; federated 1927; re-affiliated 1937; 44 members; President, E. W. Ward; Secretary, James Watson, 40 Cambridge Street, West Hartlepool; Treasurer, Fred Cross, 44 Brunswick Street, West Hartlepool; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

380--FALKIRK CROSS KEYS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1927; 48 members; President, Thomas Robertson; Secretary, Finlay McRae, 3 Griffiths Street, Falkirk; Treasurer, John Rae, 79 Main Street, Bainsford, Falkirk.

381-GREATER NEW YORK MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted I927; federated I927; 100 members; President, Robert Graham; Secretary and Treasurer, John Watson, l~O 5oth Street, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.

383-GREENOCK R.N.T.F. HEATHER BURNS CLUB: instituted I9l2; federated 1927; 70 members; President, Andrew Carmichael; Secretary, Arthur C. E. Lewis, Vallorbe, 16 Rodney Road, Gourock; Trea­ surer, Frank Boyle, 4 Gray Street, Greenock. 384-PUMPHERSTON BONNIE DOON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1926; federated 1927; 85 members; President, James Dunlop; Secretary, Wm. Gowans, 91 East Road, Pumpherston, Midcalder; Treasurer, Thos. Stenhouse, New Rows, Pumpherston, Midcalder. 387-MARY CAMPBELL BURNS CLUB (cAMBUSLANG): instituted I927; fede­ rated 1927; 30 members; President, Mrs. Mary Thomson; Secre­ tary, Mrs. A. Rennie, 2I Gilbertfield Road, Halfway, Cambuslang; Treasurer, Mrs. A. Magowan, 46 Gateside Avenue, Halfway, Cambuslang; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 388-KYLES LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1927; President, Mrs. Alex. Neilson; Secretary, Mrs. Jeanie Anderson, 200 Springhill Road, Shotts; Treasurer, Mrs. M. Johnston, 96 Northfield Avenue, Springhill, Shotts. 39Q--MEIKLE EARNOCK JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1928; 36 members; President, John Happle; Secretary, Jacob Hodge, 31 Limekilnburn Road, Quarter; Treasurer, James Pollock, 26 Neilsland Street, Fairhill, Hamilton; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 139

391-WATERBURY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1885; federated 1928; 50 mem­ bers; President, William Sherriff; Secretary, Robert Currie, So Pine Street, Waterbury, Conn., U.S.A.; Treasurer, James Littlejohn, 327 East Main Street, Waterbury.

392-WHIFFLET BURNS CLUB: instituted 1920; federated 1928; 35 mem­ bers; President, Walter Loudon; Secretary, William Webber Lees, 58 Lavelle Drive, Coatbridge; Treasurer, John A. W. Kirk, J.P., 6 Bank Street, Coatbridge.

393-ANNAN LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1928; 150 members; President, Mrs. J. Graham; Secretary, Mrs. W. Simpson, 2 Thorburn Crescent, Annan; Treasurer, Mrs. A. C. Irving, 9 Waterfoot Road, Annan.

39~0LINTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1907; federated 1928; 50 mem­ bers; President, J. McPhail Cant; Acting-Secretary, John Millar, J.P., "Torduff," 198 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, u; Acting Treasurer, J. McPhail Cant, "Benarty," Bonaly Road, Colinton, Edinburgh, 13.

395)-ST. RINGANS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1920; federated 1928; 150 members; President, William Nimmo; Secretary, John McClumpha, 16 Milton Terrace, Whins of Milton, Stirling; Trea­ surer, James Scott, Main Street, St. Ninians, Stirling.

.;Jro-HADDINGTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1888; federated 1928; 84 members; President, A. B. Anderson; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Alexander H. Main, Solicitor, 27 High Street, Haddington.

402-HIGHLAND MARY LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1928; 33 members; President, Mrs. Drysdale; Secretary, Mrs. C. Parker, 22 Burns Street, High Valleyfield, Newmills, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. M. Little, 27 Burns Street, High Valleyfield.

403-FRASERBURGH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1928; IOO members; President, Robert MacLeod; Secretary and Treasurer, A. S. Kelman, Saltoun Chambers, Fraserburgh.

405-cALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF SHEFFIELD: instituted 1822; federated 1929; 1000 members; President, T. S. Peebles; Secretary, W. Gregor McGregor, IO Moor Oaks Road, Sheffield, 10; Treasurer, H. J. Benzies, 98 Bents Road, Sheffield, II.

4o6-DUBLIN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF ST. ANDREW: instituted 1831; federated 1929; 210 members; President, David Stewart, C.A.; Secretary, W. Morrison Milne, 4 Cremore Road, Glasnevin, Dublin; Treasurer, J. Hubbard Clark, J.P., Inverclyde, Iona Park, Dublin. 140 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

40!)-STENHOUSEMUIR AND DISTRICT PLOUGH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929; federated 1929; 80 members; President, John C. Reid; Secretary, John McMahon, 122 King Street, Stenhousemuir; Treasurer, John Johnston, 15 Eastcroft Street, Larbert.

412-GARY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1929; 34 members; President, Wallace Bache; Secretary, George H. Knight, 829 Johnston Street, Gary, Indiana, U.S.A.; Treasurer, Wilfrid Bell, 765 Virginia Street, Gary.

413-sT. ANDREW SOCIETY OP SAN FRANCISCO: instituted 1863; federated 1929; 200 members; President, James W. Smith; Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. R. Carswell, 602 California Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

417-BURNLEY AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1924; federated 1929; 105 members; President, Dr. D. A. Ker; Secretary, Robert T. Buchanan, 19 Fifth Avenue, Burnley, Lanes.; Treasurer, Mrs. C. Horner, 21 Rosehill Avenue, Burnley; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

421-ARROCHAR AND TARBET BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929; federated 1929; 66 members; President, A. Thomson; Secretary, R. Andrews, The Schoolhouse, Tarbet; Treasurer, Rev. R. D. E. Stevenson, The Manse, Tarbet; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

424--cAMBUSLANG TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1929; 25 members; President, Andrew Orr; Secretary, George McLellan, 33 Park Street, Cambuslang; Treasurer, James Hughes, 5 Gateside Buildings, Cambuslang.

426-sAUCHIE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929; federated 1929; 60 members; President, Andrew Spence; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, George Galloway, 56 Main Street, Sauchie, Alloa.

427-GOREBRIDGE GLENCAlRN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1929; 30 members; President, John Kennedy; Secretary, James Munro, Neilingburn Cottage, Gorebridge, Midlothian; Treasurer, George Munro, Esperston Cottages, Esperston, Gorebridge.

429-BATHGATE JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1929; 40 members; President, Capt. James Ritchie; Secretary and Treasurer, Patrick Glen, 41 Torphichen Street, Bathgate.

430-GOUROCK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1887; federated 1929; 109 mem­ bers; President, R. J. Smith; Secretary, Hamilton Lyons, 124 Albert Road, Gourock; Treasurer, T. S. Craig, 91 Albert Road, Gourock. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 141

431-INVERKIP BURNS CLUB: instituted 1907; federated 1929; 100 mem­ bers; President, George Welsh McGeachie; Secretary and Trea­ surer, William Telfer, Langhouse Cottage, Inverkip.

432-WINCHBURGH LEA RIG BURNS CLUB: instituted 1930; federated 1930; 205 members; President, Thomas Reid; Secretary, Adam Paterson, 165 Millgate, Winchburgh, West Lothian; Treasurer, James McPhie, Canalside, Winchburgh, West Lothian.

435-AYR TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 19o6; federated 1930; 50 members; President, James G. Thomson; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Henry Baxter, 98 Belmont Avenue, Ayr.

436-wALNEY JOLLY BEGGARS LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1930; federated 1930; 118 members; President, Mrs. Warriner; Secretary, Mrs. Mary Lourie, 46 Bristol Street, Walney, Barrow-in-Furness; Treasurer, Mrs. Nellie Quirk, 35 Buller Street, Walney, Barrow­ in-Fumess.

437-DUMFRIES LADIES' BURNS CLUB, NO. I : instituted 1930; federated 1930; 134 members; President, Mrs. J. Wilson; Secretary, Mrs. M. Bell, 52 Aldermanhill Road, Dumfries; Treasurer, Mrs. Shearer, 6 Bruce Street, Lincluden, Dumfries.

441-TEMPLE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1930; federated 1930; 36 members; President, A. Neilson; Secretary, Mrs. Mary Tennant, 33 Easter Road, Dykehead, Shotts; Treasurer, J. Canning, 21 Bon Accord Crescent, Dykehead, Shotts.

443-VICTORIA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1922; federated 1931; 142 mem­ bers; President, Captain D. J. Proudfoot; Secretary, Harry Wood, 2058 Neil Street, Victoria, B.C., Canada; Treasurer, John Grant, 46o Moss Street, Victoria.

444---!WANSEA AND WEST WALES CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted ; federated 1931; 150 members; President, Alex. Laing Potter; Secretary, Alexander Kinloch Miller, 49 Bryn Road, Brynmill, Swansea; Treasurer, M. N. Kerr, So Eaton Crescent, Swansea. 445-BUXTON CALEDONIAN SOCIETY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1927; federated 1931; 71 members; President, Gilbert Johnston, M.A.; Secretary, and Treasurer, J. H. Gilfillan, Lyndrum, Park Road, Buxton. 447-MOUNTAIN DAISY LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1931; re-affiliated 1947; 55 members; President, Mrs. Janet King; Secretary, Mrs. Isabella Allan, 3 Primmer Place, Cowdenbeath; Treasurer, Mrs. Isabella Cowie, Rosehill Crescent, Cowdenbeath. 44g-wELLINGTON (N.z.) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1931; 120 members; President, R. H. Nimmo; Secretary and Treasurer, A. F. Dickson, 24 Evans Bay Road, Wellington, E.1, N.Z. 142 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

452-AUCHTERDERRAN BONNIE JEAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929;. federated 1931; 26 members; President, Mrs. T. Reekie; Secre­ tary, Mrs. John Herd, 15 Sixth Street, Cardenden, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. Blackwood, 153 Dundonald Park, Cardenden, Fife.

453-NORTH-EASTERN BURNS CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA LADIES' AUXILIARY: instituted 1927; federated 1931; 71 members; President, Mrs. M. MacDonald; Secretary, Elizabeth Hunter, 1238 West Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, 33; Treasurer, Margaret Wallace, 6550- Hegerman Street, Philadelphia, 34.

454-ROTHERHAM AND DISTRICT SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION: instituted 1924; federated 1931; 289 members; President, Duncan Macpherson Stewart, jun.; Secretary, William McCormick Hamilton, IO Albion Road, Rotherham; Treasurer, James Gordon, 15 Middle Lane South, Rotherham.

456-TROON MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1932; 97 members; President, Edward G. Galt; Secretary, Malcolm H. Black, 13 Muirhead Crescent, Troon; Treasurer, David McClure, 92 East Crescent, Troon.

457-KINGLASSIE LADIES' HIGHLAND MARY NO. 2 BURNS CLUB: instituted 1932; federated 1932; II members; President, Mrs. Dewar; Secretary, Mrs. W. Driscoll, 91 Milna Crescent, Kinglassie, Fife;. Treasurer, Mrs. J. Luth, 37 Milna· Crescent, Kinglassie.

458--sTONEHAVEN (FATHERLAND) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1925; federated 1932; 153 members; President, A. J. Scrimgeour; Secretary, Julia M. Ross, 15 Westfield Road, Stonehaven; Treasurer, Mrs_ Edmonston, 25 High Street, Stonehaven.

45!)--COWDENBEATH WEST END JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB; instituted 1931; federated 1932; 44 members; President, Wm. Duncan; Secretary, Peter Falconer, 47 Primmer Place, Cowdenbeath, Fife; Treasurer, R. Walker, 6 Glenburn Place, Cowdenbeath; Burns Chronicle official, John Bell.

461-LEICESTER CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1877; federated 1932; 320 members; President, James Hobbs, F.C.l.S.; Secretary, I. M. McCallum, C.A., 182 Glenfield Road, Leicester; Treasurer, William A. Campbell, 100 Colchester Road, Leicester.

462-CHELTENHAM SCOTTISH SOCIETY: instituted 1930; federated 1932; 100 members; President, Mrs. L. S. Wood; Secretary, J. Graham, 337 High Street, Cheltenham; Treasurer, Miss Taylor, c/o Boots, Chemists, Cheltenham.

464-YAKIMA VALLEY BURNS CLUB: federated 1932; President, Wm. Tweedie; Secretary, Archie Wilson, 12!1 Cherry Avenue, Yakima, Washington, U.S.A.; Treasurer, Thos. Jackson. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 143

466-DYKEHEAD AFTON WATER LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1932; federated 1932; 30 members; President, Mrs. Nelson; Secretary, Mrs. H. Keir, 9 Nithsdale Street, Dykehead, Shotts; Treasurer, Mrs. A. Stewart, 135 Shotts Kirk Road, Dykehead, Shotts.

467-GILBERTFIELD HIGHLAND MARY LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1932; federated 1932; 50 members; President, Mrs. Jean Soutar; Secre­ tary, Mrs. Janet Porte, 6 Mill Road, Halfway, Cambuslang; Treasurer, Mrs. Gebbie, 6 Bothwell Street, Cambuslang.

468-HIGH BLANTYRE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1932; federated 1932; 52 members; President, Hugh Gibson; Secretary, James McLean, 374 Main Street, High Blantyre; Treasurer, Thomas Crane, 6 Douglas Street, High Blantyre.

46g-DENNY CROSS BURNS CLUB : instituted 1932; federated 1932; 45 members; President, Thomas Bryson; Secretary, T. R. A. Fergus, 160 Stirling Street, Denny; Treasurer, William Bryson, Wallace Crescent, Denny.

470-ST. GILES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1923; federated 1932; re-affiliated 1949; 70 members; President, Robert Farquhar; Secretary and Treasurer, George Brodie, 19 Blantyre Place, Bishopmill, Elgin.

471-ROSE OF GRANGE BURNS CLUB: federated 1932; 40 members; Presi­ dent, Robert Grant; Secretary, Jas. Sinclair, rn3 Main Street, Grangepans, Bo'ness; Treasurer, Hugh Waddell, Crown Inn, Grangepans, Bo'ness.

472-RENFREWSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF BURNS CLUBS: instituted 1929; fede­ rated 1932; rn clubs; President, James K. Martin; Secretary and Treasurer, Arthur C. E. Lewis, Vallorbe, 16 Rodney Road, Gourock.

475-TWEEDDALE LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1932; federated 1933; 50 members; President, Mrs. C. C. Turnbull; Secretary, Mrs. E. Smith, 21 St. Andrew's Road, Peebles; Treasurer, Mrs. G. Davidson, Bridgegate.

476-BoRDER CITIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929; federated 1933; 123 members; President, Andrew M'Lelland; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Adam Plenderleith, 426 Elm Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

477-BELLAHOUSTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1929; federated 1933; 80 members; President, A. Mackay; Secretary, Mrs. J. McComish, 38 Kenmure Street, Glasgow, S.1; Treasurer, Robert P. McComish, 38 Kenmure Street, Glasgow, S.1; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 144 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

478-BONNIE DOON LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1933; federated 1933; 60 members; President, Mrs. T. Pryde; Secretary, Mrs. T. Penman, 96 Blair Street, Kelty, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. I. Morris, Grievesland Terrace, Kelty.

479-QUEEN OF THE SOUTH LADIES' BURNS CLUB : instituted 1932; federated 1933; 120 members; President, Mrs. J. Clark; Secretary, Mrs. M. Coulson, 52 Friars Vennel, Dumfries; Treasurer, Mrs. W. Millar, Lockerbie Road, Dumfries.

481-LONDON AYRSHIRE SOCIETY: instituted 1897; federated 1933; President, Alexander Belch; Secretary, G. C. Wishart, Romney House, Tufton Street, London, S.W.1; Treasurer, John A. D. Paton, 105 Canfield Gardens, Hampstead, London, N.W.6.

484-SHEDDENS LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1933; 15 members; President, Mrs. Mary Logan; Secretary, Mrs. Janet Donaldson, 8 McEwan Street, Glasgow, E.1; Treasurer, Mrs. Isabella Paul, 682 Shettleston Road, Glasgow, E.2.

492-HARROW AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1928; fede­ rated 1934; 570 members; President, G. Nicholson; Secretary, James 0. Cumming, 25 Park View, Hatch End, Middlesex; Treasurer, A. G. Esslemont, 114 Kenton Lane, Harrow, Middlesex.

493-AKRON BURNS CRONIES: instituted 1934; federated 1934; 22 mem­ bers; President, Mrs. Peter F. Young; Secretary, Mrs. George Bosomworth, 81 Sand Run Road, Akron, 13, Ohio, U.S.A.; Trea­ surer, Mrs. James Youngson, 453 S. Firestone, Boulevard, Akron.

494-MOTHERWELL UNITED SERVICES BURNS CLUB: federated 1934; 60 members; President, Robert K. Hamilton; Secretary, Geoffrey Plumb, 41 Waverley Terrace, Motherwell; Treasurer, John Ormiston, Glencairn Street, Motherwell.

495-BAGHDAD CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1922; federated 1934; 70 members; President, J. Gilroy Baillie; Secretary and Treasurer, W. T. Kellie, c/o The Imperial Bank of Iran, Baghdad, Iraq.

496--THE AULD HOOSE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1934; 127 members; President, J. F. Johnston; Secretary and Treasurer, R. Cuthbert, Christie's Buildings, Kirkton, Burntisland.

497-sT. ANDREW BURNS CLUB (WELLINGTON, N.Z.): instituted 1934; federated 1934; 135 members; President, J. M. Caldwell; Secre· tary, Miss B. Clark, P.O. Box 1049, Wellington, New Zealand; Treasurer, Mrs. W. McKenzie, 184 Abelsmith Street, Wellington.

498-FLINT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1931; federated 1934; 75 members; President, George Stevens; Secretary, Robert H. Weir, 417 W. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 145

Rankin Street, Flint, 4, Mich., U.S.A.; Treasurer, J. Clifford, 3oo6 Sensca Street, Flint, 7.

500--NEW CUMNOCK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1924; federated 1934; 60 members; President, A. W. Mackay, B.Sc.; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Dr. William Edgar, Oakdene, New Cumnock, Ayrshire.

50I-GALT BURNS CLUB: instituted I9o8; federated 1935; 75 members; President, William Murphy; Secretary, John Leadbetter, 6<} Glenmorris Street, Galt, Ont., Canada; Treasurer, Wilfred Bonner, Sen., 63 Elliott Street, Galt; Burns Chronicle official, F. Hutchinson, 33 Grand A venue South, Galt.

503-DUNBLANE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1923; federated 1935; President,. James A. Fraser; Secretary and Treasurer, W. D. Menzies, Commercial Bank, Dunblane.

505-WISHAW MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted I935; federated 1935; IO() members; President, Godfrey Hill; Secretary, Alexander Reid, 95 Netherton Road, Wishaw; Treasurer, Robert Scott, Waverley Drive, Wishaw.

506-JEAN ARMOUR LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1934; federated 1935; 34 members; President, Mrs. Haddow; Secretary, Mrs. J. Moore, 87 Shottskirk Road, Dykehead; Treasurer, Mis. J. Patterson, Shottskirk Road, Dykehead.

507-BURNS SOCIETY OF ORANGE COUNTY (CALIFORNIA): instituted 1935; federated I935; 60 members; President, Robert L. Brown; Secre­ tary, Alex. Brownridge, 14I4 N. Main Street, Santa Ana, California; Treasurer, S. Jas. Tuffree, Placentia.

5o8-AUCHTERDERRAN BURNS CLUB: instituted I905; federated 1935; 35 members; President, John Dick; Secretary, Mrs. George Ritchie, 18 Balgreddie Park, Cardenden, Fife; Treasurer, Stuart Boyd, Jamphlars Cottage, Cardenden.

51J9-MOTHERWELL MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 191I; federated 1935; re-affiliated 1945; 400 members; President, Alexander Blair; Secre­ tary, G. S. Barrie, 125 Camp Street, Motherwell; Treasurer, J. B. Clapperton, 33 McDonald Street, Motherwell; Burns Chronicle official, W. Graham, Alma Place, Glencairn Street, Motherwell.

5IO--l.C.I. GRANGEMOUTH BURNS CLUB: federated 1935; 150 members; President, E. 0. Wisbey; Secretary, I. M. Halkett, c/o I.C.I. Ltd .• Dyestuffs Division, Earl's Road, Grangemouth; Treasurer, G. F. Wood, same address as Secretary.

5II-PERTH (WEST AUSTRALIA) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1935; 80 members; President, Dr. T. C. Boyd, M.A.; Secretary, K 146 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

Mrs. Jessie Reid, 166 Seventh Avenue, Maylands, Perth, Western Australia; Treasurer, Mrs. M. Thompson, 317 Vincent Street, Leederville, Perth.

513-FREDERICTON SOCIETY OF ST. ANDREW: instituted 1845; federated 1935; Secretary, John H. Malcom, Bank of Nova Scotia, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

514-sHANGHAI BURNS CLUB: federated 1936; Secretary, William Lyle, 51 Canton Road, Shanghai, China.

515-cALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF ABADAN: instituted 1824; federated 1936; 160 members; President, A. D. Foster; Secretary and Treasurer, William Jamieson, c/o Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., Ltd., Abadan, Iran.

516-THE AIRTS BURNS CLUB, CASTLEPARK: instituted 1933; federated 1936; 30 members; President, James F. Rowberry; Secretary, John McLurg, 14 Bankton Terrace, Prestonpans; Treasurer, James Hewitt, 40 West Loan, Prestonpans.

518-YE AULD CRONIES MASONIC BURNS CLUB (CLEVELAND, OHIO) : instituted 1935; federated 1936; 13 members; President, Victor M. Johnston; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Thomas Hair, 285 East 218th Street, Euclid, Ohio, U.S.A.

520--UDDINGSTON LOCHLIE LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1936; 52 members; President, Mrs. Christine D. Macintosh; Secretary, Mrs. Isobel Downie, 89 Woodlands Crescent, Bothwell; Treasurer, Miss I. Penman, 173 Old Edinburgh Road, Birkenshaw.

521-WARATAH-MAYFIELD BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1936; 140 members; President, Angus Smith; Secretary, Hugh H. Gillies, n7 Ingall Street, Mayfield East, N.S.W., Australia; Trea­ surer, Mrs. E. Brown, 2 Selwyn Street, Mayfield East, N.S.W., Australia. 522-GLENLEE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1933; federated 1936; 25 mem­ bers; President, James Allan; Secretary, Murdoch Dyet, 9 Glenlee Street, Burnbank, Hamilton; Treasurer, George Orr, 10 King Street, Burnbank, Hamilton; Burtfs Chronicle official, James Allan, 58 Semple Street, Burnbank, Hamilton.

523-HIGHLAND SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES: instituted 1877; federated 1936; 1399 members; President, Captain James R. Patrick; Secre­ tary, James Mackintosh, Scottish House, 19 Bridge Street, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia; Treasurer, Jas. G. MacKee, C.A., 44 Margaret Street, Sydney.

524-THE CRONIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1936; 30 members; President, James McDonald; Secretary and Treasurer, A. H. F. Marshall, 8 Moss Street, Paisley. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES I47

525-PLINT JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted I935; federated 193]; 22 members; President, John McCann; Secretary and Treasurer, John R. Hurry, 927I Neff Road, RI Clio, Michigan, U.S.A.

526-DYKEHEAD TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted I935; federated I937; 36 members; President, Andrew Inglis; Secretary, John C. Weir, 75 Wilson Road, Allanton, Shotts; Treasurer, Thomas Rae, 17 Hunter Place, Dykehead, Shotts.

528-LOUGHBOROUGH SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION: instituted 1930; federated 1937; 105 members; President, A. Y. McGhie, J.P.; Secretary, A. McNeil Ford, 59 Westfield Drive, Loughborough; Treasurer, A. McDonald, 51 Broad Street, Loughborough.

529-THE WILLIAM MITCHELL BURNS CLUB: instituted I937; federated I937; 38 members; President, J. Leonard Watson; Secretary, Robert Cook, c/o 509 Main Street, Burns Club, Bellshill; Trea­ surer, James B. Mitchell, 509 Main Street, Bellshill; Burns Chronicle official, Stewart Henry.

53cr-soUTHERN SCOTTISH COUNTIES BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted I937; federated I937; I3 clubs; President, James Denniston, F.E.I.S.; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, J. Sturgeon, 7 Nellieville Terrace, Dumfries.

53I-TEES-SIDE CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted I899; federated 1937; 120 members; President, A. H. Merrie; Secretary, Mrs. N. Leslie, Dunottar House, Dunottar Avenue, Eaglescliffe, Co. Durham; Treasurer, N. E. Wallace, 3 Grantham Road, Norton, Stockton­ on-Tees; Burns Chronicle official, W. G. Wishart, Grangeholme, Imperial Avenue, Norton, Stockton-on-Tees.

532-cESSNOCK BURNS CLUB, N.S.W.: instituted 1935; federated 1937; members; President, J. Tomlinson; Secretary, Walter W. Robertson, 63 Melbourne Street, Aberdare, Cessnock, New South Wales, Australia; Treasurer, A. Harrower.

533-PAULDHOUSE CALEDONIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1937; federated 1937; 50 members; Presid<;nt, Douglas Stirrit; Secretary, John Malcolm, 99 Barton Terrace, Fauldhouse; Treasurer, George Malcolm, Blackfaulds Drive, Fauldhouse.

535-PLYMOUTH AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1927; federated I937; 70 members; President, Dr. Donald Cameron; Secretary (acting), W. Struthers, 5 Houndiscombe Villas, Plymouth; Treasurer, R. Howe, St. Mary's House, Plympton, Plymouth.

536-WHITHORN AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1937; federated I937; 50 members; President, Rev. Harry Law, M.A.; Secretary, and Treasurer, Thomas Latimer, 46 George Street, Whithorn. 148 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

537-HARTHILL AND DISTRICT YOUNG CRONIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1937; 20 members; President, James McAllister; Secretary, Peter Paterson, 7 Albert Street, Harthill, Lanarkshire; Treasurer, David Graham, 87 Quarrel Head Avenue, Salsburgh, by Motherwell.

538-GREENOCK AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUBS' PAST PRESIDENTS• ASSOCIATION: instituted 1937; federated 1937; 40 members; Presi­ dent, Andrew Carmichael; Secretary and Treasurer, A. C. E. Lewis, Vallorbe, 16 Rodney Road, Gourock.

540--JOHNSTONE MASONIC BURNS CLUB: instituted 1930; federated 1937; 65 members; President, Councillor James R. Walker, J.P.; Secre­ tary, Archibald H. Caldwell, 12 Macdowall Street, Johnstone; Treasurer, Ex-Provost Hugh McQueen, 12 Collier Street, John­ stone.

541-DOUNE AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1937; federated 1938; 60 members; President, Bailie Masterton; Secretary and Treasurer, Robert A. Mailer, 41 Northlea, Doune.

542-WHITE HEATHER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1936; federated 1938; 40 members; President, James Cowan; Secretary, Archibald Armstrong, 64 Beechworth Drive, Newarthill; Treasurer, William Johnson, 350 High Street, Newarthill.

543-ABBEY CRAIG BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1938; 81 members; President, George Marshall; Secretary, Duncan M. Muirhead, 20 Dunster Road, Causewayhead, Stirling; Treasurer, Alexander Marshall, Airthrey Road, Causewayhead, Stirling.

544-AsHINGTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1890; federated 1938; 40 mem­ bers; President, J. F. R. Gairdner, M.B., M.R.C.S.; Secretary, J. Hudson Ogle, 7 Ingleby Terrace, Lynemouth, Morpeth; Treasurer, R. Tweddle.

545-PARRAMATTA AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB {NEW SOUTH WALES): insti­ tuted 1934; federated 1938; 53 members; President, Colin Cameron; Secretary, S. Wilson, 1 Jessie Street, West Mead, N.S.W., Australia; Treasurer, James Russell, 10 Isabella Street, North Parramatta.

546--THE OAK BURNS CLUB (HAMILTON): instituted 1937; federated 1938; 40 members; President, John Kane; Secretary, Robert Ritchie, 43 Bent Road, Hamilton; Treasurer, James Ritchie, 47 Bent Road, Hamilton.

547-coALBURN JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1937; federated 1938; 37 members; President, William Fairfoull; Secretary and Treasurer, James Logan, 72 Bellfield Road, Coalburn. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 149

548-LEEDS CALEDONlAN SOCIETY: instituted 1894; federated 1938; 650 members; President, Emeritus Professor W. P. Milne, M.A., D.Sc.; Secretary, Arthur G. Wilson, A.CJ.I., Springfield, 13 Caythorpe Road, Leeds, 6; Treasurer, B. Graham Gordon, 6 Wensley Crescent, Leeds, 7.

549-BOTHWELL BONNIE LESLIE LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1937; federated 1938; 30 members; President, Mrs. Cain; Secretary, Mrs. Agnes O'Hara, 13 Castle Square, Bothwell; Treasurer, Mrs. Jean Millar, 23 Woodlands Terrace, Bothwell.

550--DuNOON MARY CAMPBELL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1938; federated 1938; 47 members; President, J. McDonald; Secretary, J. King, Ashcraig, MacArthur Street, Dunoon; Treasurer, J. Agnew, ''.Glen­ cairn," John Street, Dunoon.

551---sCARBOROUGH CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1934; federated 1938; 280 members; Presidenr, Thomas McConnell, A.M.I.E.E.; Secretary, A. Y. Smith, L.D.S., R.F.P.S., Central Hotel, The Crescent, Scarborough; Treasurer, John G. Stewart, "Hill Crest," 61 Peasholm Drive, Scarborough.

552-FAWSIDE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1938; federated 1938; 45 mem­ bers; President, P. Muirhead; Secretary, R. Hamilton, 80 North­ field, Tranent; Treasurer, A. Davanna, Northfield, Tranent; Assistant Treasurer, J. McDonald, c/o Cross Keys Inn. 553-woLVERHAMPTON AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1938; federated 1938; 370 members; President, Wm. R. Robertson; Secretary, Wm. King, 87 Darlington Street, Wolverhampton; Treasurer, T. Scott Compton, 134 New Hampton Road West, Wolverhampton. 554-BRUCE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1938; federated 1938; 20 members; President, James Collins; Secretary, Charles Ross, 4 Back Dykes Terrace, Falkland, Fife; Treasurer, R. Scott, Commercial Hotel, Falkland, Fife; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer. 555-HARROGATE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY: instituted 1921; federated 1938; 90 members; President, Rev. Peter McCall; Secretary and Trea­ surer, Geo. S. M. Edward, 2 Derwent Road, Harrogate, Yorkshire. 556-cALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF DONCASTER: federated 1938; 200 members; President, H. L. Dennler; Secretary, A. Menzies Campbell, "Allermuir," The Drive1 Sprotborough Park, Doncaster; Trea­ surer, David Calder, 183 Shadyside, Hexthorpe, Doncaster. 557-LADIES' BURNS CLUB OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA: instituted 1937; fede­ rated 1938; President, Mrs. Robert E. Latta; Secretary, Miss Anna Kothe, 840 Briarcliff Road, N.E., Atlanta, 6, Georgia, U.S.A.; Treasurer, Mrs. Paul D. West, 625 Winburn Drive, East Point, Georgia. 150 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

558-cAMBUSBARRON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1936; federated 1936; 300 members; President, John Donaldson, J.P.; Secretary, William Miller, 27 North End Road, Stirling; Treasurer, Thomas Sneddon, 37 North End, Cambusbarron; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

559-COVENTRY AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1911;. federated 1938; 450 members; President, S. McL. Brown; Secre­ tary, Robert S. Miller, 211 Leamington Road, Coventry; Treasurer, Wm. Dawson, The Highfield, Allesley Old Road, Coventry.

560-CALEDONIAN SOCIETY, CAWNPORE: instituted 1936; federated 1939; 113 members; President, I. 0. Hamilton, C.A.; Secretary and Treasurer, E. C. Caldwell, c/o British India Corporation, Ltd., Cawnpore, India.

56!-LONDON (oNTARIO) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1938; federated 1939; 72 members; President, George B. Irvine, Sen.; Secretary and Treasurer, Eldon W. Mitchell, 171 Dundas Street, London, Ont., Canada; Burns Chronicle official, Arthur J. Jeffrey, 105 Foster Avenue, London, Ont., Canada.

562-cASTLE DOUGLAS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1930; federated 1939; 5<> members; President, J. M. Welsh; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, H. A. P. Haugh, II Ernespie Road, Castle Douglas.

563-NoRFOLK CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1934; federated 1939; 287 members; President, Miss C. J. Gordon; Secretary, Miss E. M. Duncan, 40 St. Giles Street, Norwich; Treasurer, W. M. Robson, Dunedin, Hillside Avenue, Thorpe, Norwich.

564-WINSOME WILLIE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1939; federated 1939; 60 members; President, James Hendry, sen.; Secretary, John G. Hendry, 49 Broom Crescent, Ochiltree; Treasurer, John White, 108 Main Street, Ochiltree.

565-ROBERT BURNS CIRCLE OF NEW YORK: instituted 1934; federated 1939; 140 members; President, Robert McGowan, M.A., D.D.; Secretary, Miss Jessie Strachan; Treasurer, Mrs. J. D. Hughes, 1825 Riverside Drive, New York.

566-scoTTISH SOCIETY AND BURNS CLUB OF AUSTRALIA: instituted 1939; federated 1939; 80 members; President, Robert A. Stewart, F.C.A.; Secretary and Treasurer, Andrew Allan, 24 Windsor Road, Dulwich Hill, N.S.W. s6J-NEWTOWN BURNS CLUB (PAISLEY): instituted 1938; federated 1939; 6o members; President, Stuart Mcintyre; Secretary, R. Atkinson, 47 Causeyside Street, Paisley; Treasurer, John W. Henderson, 4 Overton Crescent, Johnstone, Renfrew; Burns Chronicle official, Stuart Mcintyre, 44 Kilnside Road, Paisley. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 151

568-DAllVEL BUJt.Ns CLUB: federated 1939; President, W. Auld; Secre­ tary and Treasurer, D. Hamilton, 57 West Main Street, Darvel.

570--THE SCOTTISH CLANS ASSOCIATION OP LONDON LTD. : instituted 1898; federated 1939; President, David Fulton; Secretary, D. Campbell Thomson, Benachie, 35 Medway Gardens, Wembley, Middlesex; Treasurer, Ernest H. Duncan, 22 Cantley Gardens, Ilford, Essex.

571-EDMONTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1918; federated 1939; 30 mem­ bers; President, Dr. Walter C. Mackenzie; Secretary, Hamish H. Gillespie, n648 95a Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Trea­ surer, Frank Heron, 7027 111th Avenue, Edmonton.

572-CHESTER CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION: instituted 1885; federated 1939; 150 members; President, Malcolm B. Cooper; Secretary and Trea­ surer, Tennant B. Chapman, C.A., Killearn, Woodlands Road, Haugh Green, Chester.

573-cROPT SPRINGSIDE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1938; federated 1939; 20 members; President, Frank E. Irvine; Secretary and Treasurer, Thomas McMillan, 43 Station Drive, Springside; Burns Chronicle official, Archie Johnstone, 23 Springhill Terrace, Springside.

574-HoLYTOWN BLAIR ATHOLE BUllNS CLUB: instituted 1939; federated 1939; 40 members; President, John Blair; Secretary, Treasurer and Burns Chronicle official, Samuel Cowan, 29 Loanhead Crescent, Kewarthill.

575-WINDSOR (ONTARIO) JEAN ARMOUR BUllNS CLUB: instituted 1939; federated 1940; 50 members; President, Mrs. V. Plenderleith; Secretary, Mrs. J. Troup, 1623 Sandwich East, Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Treasurer, Mrs. G. Murray, 1044 Monmouth Road, Windsor.

576-PORT MATILDA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1934; federated 1940; 100 members; President, A. G. Paton; Secretary and Treasurer, R. E. Cunningham, "Elbar," 19 Madeira Street, Greenock.

577-DALSERP AND CLYDESDALE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1939; federated 1940; 30 members; President, Adam Stronach; Secretary, George Spiers, 12 Douglas Drive, Ashgill, Larkhall; Treasurer, Alexander Wilson, 5 Prospect Drive, Ashgill, Larkhall.

578-LANARKSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF BURNS CLUBS: instituted 1924; fede­ rated 1942; 43 clubs; President, Wm. Sharp; Secretary, Mrs. Christine D. Macintosh, 134 Kylepark Drive, Uddingston; Trea­ surer, James McLean, 374 Main Street, High Blantyre.

575)-BATHGATE TAM o' SHANTEil BURNS CLUB: instituted 1940; federated 1942; 70 members; President, Simon Terrett; Secretary, Jasper Thomson, 18 Wallace Road, Bathgate; Treasurer, George 152 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

Bowman, 61 Cuthill Crescent, Stoneyburn, by Bathgate; Burns Chronicle official, Robert Young, 16 Traprain CresC:ent, Bathgate.

58o--<;UMBRAE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1896; federated 1942; 155 mem­ bers; President, Thomas Shields; Secretary, Peter Darroch, 17 Glasgow Street, Millport; Treasurer, D. M. Gunn, J.P., Union Bank, Millport.

581-cUMBERNAULD AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1943; 60 members; President, James Goodwin; Secretary and Treasurer, Daniel Millar, 15 Baronhill, Cumbernauld.

582-HIGGINSNEUK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1942; federated 1943; 22 members; President, George Jenkins; Secretary, Matthew Watson, 43 Quarrolhall Crescent, Blackmill, Falkirk; Treasurer, Joseph Forsyth, 22 Bothkinnar Road, Carronshore, Falkirk.

583-LOCHGELLY PIPE BAND BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1943; 40 members; President, R. Garmony; Secretary, George Findlay, 17 Walker Street, Lochgelly; Treasurer, J. C. Watson, 4 Bain Street, Lochgelly.

584-coRBY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1943; 30 members; President, William Robertson; Secretary, John Donald, 25 Rowlett Road, Corby, Northants; Treasurer, Percival Rae, 7 Hazlewood Road, Corby; Burns Chronicle official, James Stevenson, 147 Stephenson Way, Corby.

585--QUEEN's PARK BOWLING CLUB CLARINDA BURNS CIRCLE: instituted 1930; federated 1943; 192 members; President, Robert Cumming; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, William Young, 50 Deanwood Avenue, Glasgow, S+

586-BARRHEAD BURNS CLUB: instituted 1942; federated 1943; 35 mem­ bers; President, Tom Begg; Secretary, John Dalziel, 35 Com­ mercial Road, Barrhead; Treasurer, Andrew Allan, 7 Paisley Road, Barrhead; Burns Chronicle official, Robert Duncan, Cross Arthurlie Street, Barrhead.

587-BUDHILL AND SPRINGBOIG BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1943; 64 members; President, John Hunter; Secretary, John Seymour, 6I Springboig Avenue, Glasgow, E.2; Treasurer, Archibald D. Brown, 6 Budhill Avenue, Glasgow, E.2.

588-THE ATLAS TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1943; 40 members; President, Thomas Russell; Secretary, Abraham Macdonald, 65 Lower Bathville, Armadale; Treasurer, John Smart, West Main Street, Armadale; Burns Chronicle official, President. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 153

589-SOLWAY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1921; federated 1944; IOO members; President, Alex. Thomson; Secretary and Treasurer, 0. J. Gibbs, Auchlewan, Landheads, Annan.

590-CRAIGS CRONIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1944; 40 members; President, James Robinson; Secretary, John Hunter, 4 George Street, Stirling; Treasurer, William Sewell, 8 George Street, Stirling.

591-LUGAR WATER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 6o members; President, David Geekie; Secretary, James Fleming, Jun., 14 Craigston Holm, Lugar; Treasurer, Duncan Brodie, Brick Row, Lugar; Burns Chronicle official, John Lindsay, Craigston Holm, Lugar.

592-BENWHAT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 85 mem­ bers; President, William McCombe; Secretary, James Wallace, 59 Benwhat, Ayr; Treasurer, Andrew Galloway, 48 Benwhat, Ayr.

593-BARRMILL JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB : instituted 1944; federated 1944; 60 members; Pre'iident, James P. R. Hunter, M.A.; Secre­ tary, Edward B. Anderson, The Blocks, Barrmill, Beith; Trea­ surer, James P. Wilson, Commercial Bank, Beith; Burns Chronicle official, Matthew G. Boyd, Burnhouse, Beith.

594-THE BURNS CLUB OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY, CLEVELAND, OHIO: instituted 1934; federated 1944; 140 members; President, Donald C. Noble; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Mrs. Donald C. Noble, 1466, E. uoth Street, Cleveland, 6, Ohio, U.S.A. 595-ALLANTON "BRIG o' DOON" LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 46 members; President, Mrs. Mary McCue; Secretary, Mrs. Annie Dunsmore, 26 Wilson Road, Allanton, Shotts; Treasurer, Mrs. Elizabeth Martin, 10 Houldsworth Crescent, Allanton, Shotts. 596-GLAISNOCK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 53 mem­ bers; President, William Barbour; Secretary and Treasurer, James McKechnie, 18 Glaisnock Street, Cumnock; Burns Chronicle official, Mr. Adam McKinlay, Glaisnock Street, Cumnock. 597-BURNS SOCIETY OP THE CITY OP NEW YORK: instituted 1870; federated 1944; 100 members; President, Edward B. Mackenzie; Secretary, Robert Graham, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, 10, N.Y., U.S.A.; Treasurer, James M. Forbes, 2 Park Avenue, New York, 16, N.Y.

598-PORTH JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 30 members; President, John Steele; Secretary, James Douglas, 25 The Neuk, Forth, Lanarkshire; Treasurer, William Hamilton, 19 The Neuk, Forth. 154 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

599-LARKHALL RAPLOCH BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944;. 54 members; President, J. S. Simpson; Secretary, William Dickson, 16 Albert Drive, Larkhall; Treasurer, Campbell Ferguson, McNeil Street, Larkhall.

600-MILLERHILL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1944; 30 mem­ bers; President, Andrew Davidson; Secretary, David Moffat, 6 Dauderhall, Dalkeith; Treasurer, Andrew Davidson.

6oI-CALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF PALESTINE: federated 1944; Chieftain, J. Bartholomew, C.A., c/o Iraq Petroleum Co., Ltd., 214 Oxford Street, Oxford Circus, London, W.1.

602-THORNTREE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1943; federated 1945; 21 mem­ bers; President, Abraham Brown; Secretary, George Thomson, 52 High Street, Cockenzie; Treasurer, Adam Peden, Crown Square, Preston pans.

603-THE TOWER BURNS CLUB, TRANENT: instituted 1938; federated 1945; 40 members; President, Capt. Donald Scrimingeour; Secretary, and Treasurer, W. H. Brown, 4 Lochend Place, Tranent; Burns Chronicle official, President.

604-BELLSHILL BURNS CLUB, NO. I: instituted 1925; federated 1945; 50 members; President, Alexander Bissett; Secretary and Treasurer, Robert Thomson, 76 North Road, Bellshill, Lanarkshire.

605-CRAIGMARK AND BURNTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1945; 80 members; President, John McCormick; Secretary, Alexander Murphy, 58 Burnton, Dalmellington, Ayrshire; Trea­ surer, William Henderson, 24 Burnton, Dalmellington.

6o6-ROCKINGHAM BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1945; 50 members; President, J. A. Dobie; Secretary and Treasurer, S. Jeffrey, 27 Maple Grove, Corby, Northamptonshire.

007-HADRIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1945; 80 mem­ bers; President, A. McKay; Secretary, Douglas Ironside, 21 Little Carriden, Bo'ness, West Lothian; Treasurer, Charles Lothian, 113 Bridgeness Road, Bo'ness.

608-RICCARTON WALLACE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1945; 54 members; President, George M'Broom; Secretary, Alexander Livingston, 41 Caprington Avenue, Kilmarnock; Treasurer, John Paterson, 33 Gilmour Street, Kilmarnock.

609"-5EAFORTH HIGHLANDERS ASSOCIATION (AYRSHIRE BRANCH) BURNS CLUB: instituted 1934; federated 1945; 140 members; President, Alexander Thomson; Secretary and Treasurer, Allan Gibson, 5 Wyllie Place, Stewarton, Ayrshire; Burns Chronicle official, Alexander Thomson, Birston, Dairy. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 155

6ro-THE "ROYAL ARCH" BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1945; 34 members; President, John Kinniburgh; Secretary, Andrew Smith, 21 Hilary Drive, Garrowhill, nr. Baillieston; Treasurer, William Steele, 5 Rowchester Street, Glasgow.

6II-BLACKRIDGE, WESTRIGG AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; 30 members; President, Robert McLauchlan; Secretary, Angus McMillan, c/o McLean, 68 Bedlormie Drive, Black.ridge; Trea­ surer, James Adamson, 32 Bedlormie Drive, Black.ridge; Burns Chronicle official, Angus McMillan, 66 Bedlormie Drive, Black­ ridge.

612-TORRANCE MASONIC SOCIAL AND BURNS CLUB: instituted 1928; federated 1945; So members; President, Fred C. Jordan; Secretary, Tom Travers, 43 Main Street, Torrance; Treasurer, Alexander Bruce, "Crossknowe," Main Street, Torrance.

613-TRANENT NO. l BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1945; 32 members; President, Thomas Grant; Secretary, George Livingstone, 5 John Street, Tranent; Treasurer, John Herkes, Dunloe, Bridge Street, Tranent.

614-BELLSHILL CALEDONIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1945; 50 members; President, William Anderson; Secretary, James Cowan, 16 Mauldslie Street, Bellshill; Treasurer, John Scott, 44 Glebe Street, Bellshill.

6r 5-WEST LOTHIAN DISTRICT BURNS ASSOCIATION: instituted 1945; federated 1945; 10 clubs; President, Ex-Provost Thomas Russell; Secretary, Robert Findlay, 12 Main Street, Winchburgh; Trea­ surer, Robert S. Brodie, c/o Meikle, 15 Academy Street, Bathgate.

6r6-KIRKCONNEL AND SANQUHAR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1917; federated 1945; 50 members; President, Wm. Black; Secretary and Treasurer, William McClanachan, 3 Glenaylmer Road, Kello­ holm, Kirkconnel.

6r7-READING AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION: instituted 19o6; federated 1946; 230 members; President, George B. Bisset, B.Sc. (Agric.), M.S.; Secretary, Miss Kennethina Matheson, B.Sc.(Agric.), 7 New Road, Reading; Treasurer, Wm. R. Main, 95 Oaktree Road, Tilehurst, Berkshire.

6r8-ALTRINCHAM AND SALE CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1945; fede­ rated 1946; 517 members; President, J. S. Smith, M.C.; Secretary, T. C. Lochhead, "Corner Croft," Culcheth Road, Altrincham; Treasurer, J. C. Wallace, 250 Dane Road, Sale.

6r

'620--THE MUIRHEAD BURNS CLUB: instituted 1942; federated 1945; 120 members; President, J. A. C. Mentiply; Secretary, John H. Jarvie, 1 South Marshall Street, Grangemouth; Treasurer, A. Ballingall, Kerse Road, Grangemouth.

621--SCOTTISH AVIATION BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; 36 members; President, J. Duncan; Secretary, J. F. Wilson, Scottish Aviation Limited, Prestwick Airport, Prestwick, Ayr­ shire; Treasurer, R. Campbell, 25 McNeill Avenue, Prestwick.

'622--coYLTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 80 mem­ bers; President, D. G. Smith, M.A.; Secretary, James Thom, 39 Carbieston, Coylton, Ayr; Treasurer, Alfred McCracken, 10 Sundrum Park, Joppa, Coylton, Ayr.

'623--KILWINNING BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; 56 members; President, Samuel Black; Secretary and Treasurer, William Peters, 14 Bankhead, Kilwinning, Ayrshire; Burns Chronicle official, Samuel Black, 87 Claremont Crescent, Kil­ winning.

624--BURNS CLUB OF OBAN: instituted 1946; federated 1946; So mem­ bers; President, Dr. J. A. C. Guy; Secretary, J. Fisken, Avondale, Oban; Treasurer, A. L. Macarthur, 121 George Street, Oban.

625--LOCKERBIE BURNS CLUB: instituted ; federated 1946; Secretary, George Stevenson, Solicitor, Lockerbie . .626-MOFFAT AND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; 124 members; President, Provost Wm. P. Duncan; .Secretary, James Shaw, M.A., F.E.I.S., Glen Annan, Moffat; Treasurer, James Scott, Holm Street, Moffat . .627--KINROSS JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1SSS; federated 1946; 50 members; President, Rev. Karl S. Greenlaw, M.A.; Secre­ tary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, T. M. Tod, West Brackly, Kinross. 628--STEELEND JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 53 members; President, David Hunter; Secretary, Mrs. R. Salmond, 6 Sunnybraes Terrace, Steelend; Treasurer, Mrs. A. Muirhead, 37 Sunnybraes, Steelend. 629--SAblQUAR BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; 44 mem­ bers; President, J. Stoddart; Secretary, A. B. Peden, 72 High Street, Sanquhar; Treasurer, J. I. Glencross, Lauriston, Sanquhar. 63o-coALSNAUGHTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; So members; President, David Walker; Secretary, Alex. C. Cook, 4 School Terrace, Coalsnaughton, Tillicoultry; Treasurer, H. Hall, 140 High Street, Tillicoultry; Burns Chronicle official, John G. Cook, 28 Main Street, Coalsnaughton. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 157

631-PENCAlTLAND AND ORMISTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1935; federated 1945; 44 members; President, James Brown; Secretary, Henry Voy, Farm Cottages, Pencaitland, East Lothian; Treasurer, Thomas McVie, 24 Trevlyan Place, Pencaitland.

632-SYMINGTON BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 120· members; President, J. Percival Agnew; Secretary and Treasurer, Donald Fraser, "Eudora," Symington, Kilmarnock.

633-LADs o' BUCKHAVEN BURNS CLUB: instituted ; federated 1946; Secretary, Angus Macdonald, 126 Wellesby Road, Buckhaven, Fife.

634-ARDEER JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 60 members; President, James McWilliam; Secretary and Treasurer, Alexander Ramsay, 24 Carment Drive, Stevenston; Burns Chronicle official, Jas. McWilliam, 3 Limekilns Road, Stevenston.

635-JEAN ARMOUR BURNS CLUB, TRANENT: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 20 members; President, Robert Watters; Secretary, Richard Park, 93 Lindores Drive, Tranent; Treasurer, John Kerr, 26 Lin­ dores Drive, Tranent, East Lothian.

636-GrsBORNE BURNS CLUB, NEW ZEALAND: federated 1946; President,. W. B. Turbitt; Secretary, Miss June Hall, 46 Valley Road, Manga­ papa, Gisborne, New Zealand.

637-LARKHALL APPLEBANK BURNS CLUB: instituted 1944; federated 1946; 20 members; President, Hugh Inglis; Secretary, John Allan, 42 William Drive, Eddlewood, Hamilton; Treasurer and Burns Chronicle official, James Nutt, Bridge-end, Millheugh, by Lark­ hall.

638-sTONEHOUSE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1946; 30 mem­ bers; President, Robert Hamilton; Secretary, Robert Hamilton, 45 Camnethan Street, Stonehouse, Lanarkshire; Treasurer, George Gourley, 79 Camnethan Street, Stonehouse.

63~UMNOCK DUMFRIES ARMS BURNS CLUB : federated 1947; Secretary,. James Breckenridge, 61 Glaisnock Street, Cumnock, Ayrshire.

640-HAMILTON WHITE HEATHER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; fede­ rated 1947; 60 members; President, Robert Currie; Secretary, James Weir, 8 Grequa Terrace, Bothwell; Treasurer, Andrew Edgar, 24 Priory Street, Blantyre; Burns Chronicle official, President.

641-RosEWELL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; So mem­ .bers; President, James Millar; Secretary, Thomas McLean, IJ. 158 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

Victoria Street, Rosewell, Midlothian; Treasurer, George Reilly, Greenside Place, Rosewell.

6.p-RUTHERGLEN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 50 members; President, J. Wilkie; Secretary, R. S. McMillan, 153 Hamilton Road, Rutherglen; Treasurer, James Thom, 6o6 Dal­ marnock Road, Glasgow, E.

643-BElTH TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 40 members; President, T. Anderson; Secretary and Trea­ surer, H. Allan, 24 Head Street, Beith, Ayrshire.

644-HEITON BURNS CLUB: instituted l9ro; federated 1947; 65 members; President, W. F. Scott-Ker; Secretary and Treasurer, Major Dawson Bowman, Khanspur, Heiton, Kelso.

645-Bo'NESS JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: federated 1947; President, George Auld; Secretary, Robert McLean, l6r Corbiehall, Bo'ness; Treasurer, William Grant, 30 Cadzow Avenue, Bo'ness.

646-THE CLEAR WINDING DEVON ALVA BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; 50 members; President, Paul Kennedy; Secretary and Treasurer, William Comrie, 12 Alexander Drive, Alva.

647-HILLEND DISTRICT BURNS CLUB, AIRDRIE: federated 1947; Secretary, John Anderson, 202 Main Street, Caldercruix, by Airdrie.

648--<:ARRON BRIDGE CRONIES BURNS CLUB, KILSYTH: instituted 1941; federated 1947; 46 members; President, James Bell, Wellshot, Kilsyth; Secretary, A. Fisher, 47 Kingston Flats, Kilsyth; Trea­ surer, Wm. Chalmers, 8 Cronada Place, Kilsyth; Burns Chronicle official, President.

649-AULD AFFLECK BURNS CLUB, AUCHINLECK: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 42 members; President, James Milgrew; Secretary, Thomas S. Murray, 213 Dalsalloch Houses, Auchinleck; Treasurer, Alexander Tanner, 92 Arran Drive, Auchinleck.

650--MID AND EAST LOTHIANS AND BORDER DISTRICT BURNS CLUBS ASSOCIA· TION: instituted 1925; federated 1947; President, John Herkes; Secretary, John Kennedy, Springfield, Gorebridge; Treasurer, Joseph French, 1 Office Row, Arniston, Gorebridge. .

651-DALKEITH PLOUGH BURN CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 35 members; President, John Kelly; Secretary, WilUam Thomson, 3 Woodburn Park, Dalkeith, Midlothian; Treasurer, Thomas Pryde.

652-LANARK CALEDONIAN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; 50 members; President, John Fyfe Smith, M.A.; Secretary, Mellis BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 159

S. M. Murray, Caledonian Hotel, Lanark; Treasurer, Finlay McKerracher, Spinningdale, Cleghorn Road, Lanark.

653-GLASGOW EX-SERVICE TEACHERS' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1946; 130 members; President, James W. Fulton, M.A.;, Secretary, Robert Neville, 28 The Quadrant, Clarkston; Treasurer, H. K. Frew, M.A., I5 Southampton Drive, Glasgow, W.2.

654-THE YEW TREE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; 32 members; President, Thomas Anderson; Secretary, John Brown, 8 Limeylands Road, Ormiston, East Lothian; Treasurer, R. McLaren, Stanley Place, Ormiston, East Lothian.

655-KENNOWAY JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; 60 members; President, John Traill; Secretary, Lewis Waddell, Sealda, New Road, Kennoway, Fife; Treasurer, Alexander Wishart, Kenmount Drive, Kennoway.

656-DUNDONALD JEAN ARMOUR LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 40 members; President, Mrs. B. Burns; Secretary, Mrs. James Murdoch, 35 Denfield Gardens, Cardenden, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. Forsyth, Denfield Drive, Cardenden.

657-FALLIN BURNS CLUB: instituted 1946; federated 1947; 48 members; President, Wm. Bone; Secretary, John McBlain, g6 Fallin, Stirling; Treasurer, John H. Jarvie, 12 Balure Crescent, Fallin.

658-LARBERT BOWLERS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; President, James Cowan; Secretary, Charles Johnston, 60 Dun­ darroch Street, Larbert; Treasurer, William Gardiner, 4 Victoria Road, Larbert.

65<)"-DUNDEE BURNS SOCIETY: instituted 1896; federated 1947; 75 mem­ bers; President, Norman G. Brown; Secretary, Mrs. Janet R. Bruce, 9 Nelson Street, Dundee; Treasurer, Mrs. A. G. Haggart, 23 Brantwood Avenue, Dundee; Burns Chronicle official, Presi­ dent.

660-LANGHOLM LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 46 members; President, Miss Bella Ewart; Secretary, Mrs. R. W. Irving, Warbla Cottage, Langholm; Treasurer, Miss E.T. Hyslop, M.B.E., 31 Rosevale Street, Langholm.

661-LEAMINGTON AND WARWICK CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 201 members; President, Alderman Oswald Rae Davidson; Secretary, Archibald J. Inglis, 2 Avondale Road, Lillington, Leamington Spa; Treasurer, J. Gordon Barnes, "Corbyn," ra Villiers Street, Leamington Spa.

662-LASSWADE MELVILLE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 40 members; President, James Campbell; Secretary, John Stewart, 160 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

Old Bank Buildings, Lasswade; Treasurer, Douglas Thompson, Eskside, School Green, Lasswade.

663-BOURNEMOUTH AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1907; federated 1947; 236 members; President, Hector Mackenzie, F.R.I.B.A.; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, R. Poultney, J.P., "Dalziel," 51 Stokewood Road, Bournemouth.

664-THE WEST KILBRIDE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1947; 150 members; President, James Smith; Secretary, Norman Bruce, "Morven," West Kilbride; Treasurer, J. B. Banks, Royal Bank, West Kilbride; Burns Chronicle official, Treasurer.

665-GARTMORN LADIES' BURNS CLUB : instituted 1947; federated 1948; 30 members; President, Miss E. Stein; Secretary, Mrs. C. Fudge, 69 Gartmorn Road, Sauchie, Alloa; Treasurer, Mrs. E. Mathieson, 60 Schawpark A venue, Sauchie, Alloa.

666-VALLEY OF DOON LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated 194S; 65 members; President, Mrs. Mary Beck, J.P.; Secretary, Mrs. Janet McCormick, 72 Burnton, Dalmellington, Ayr; Trea­ surer, Miss G. Findlay, Craigview, Pennyvennie, Dalmellington, Ayr.

667-THORNTON AND DISTRICT TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB: instituted 1901; federated 194S; So members; President, Alex. Sinclair; Secre­ tary, Jas. Colville, 7 Hawthorn Terrace, Thornton, Fife; Treasurer, Wm. Ford, 9 Flutorum Avenue, Thornton, Fife.

668-HARTHILL AND EASTFIELD TAM o' SHANTER BURNS CLUB : instituted 194S; federated 194S; 20 members; President, James Campbell; Secretary, Daniel McLelland, 51 West Benhar Road, Eastfield, by Harthill; Treasurer, John Gibson, 47 Quarry Street, Dykehead, Shotts.

669-coATBRIDGE HOME GUARD BURNS CLUB: instituted 194S; federated 194S; 51 members; President, George L. Hutton; Secretary, Thomas McNab, 127 Whifflet Street, Coatbridge; Treasurer, Thomas Miller, 21 Laird Street, Coatbridge.

670-sTRATH BURNS CLUB: instituted 194S; federated 1948; 50 members; President, Charles Cameron; Secretary, Marcus Soper, The Pier, Kyleakin, Skye; Treasurer, Eric Henderson, Heatherlea, Kyleakin, Skye.

6']1-ST. ANDREW'S CRONIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1948; So members; President, John R. Milligen; Secretary and Treasurer, William Nelson, c/o Parker, 126 High Street, Irvine, Ayrshire.

6';2-BONNYRIGG BURNS CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 194S; 52 mem­ bers; President, John Shanks; Secretary, M. H. Brown, 33 View- BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 161

bank Drive, Bonnyrigg, Midlothian; Treasurer, George Knox, Jun., 1 Park Crescent, Bonnyrigg, Midlothian.

673-AUCHTERDERRAN HIGHLAND MARY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1936; federated 1948; 53 members; President, Mrs. M. Fleming; Secre­ tary, Mrs. M. Martin, 41 Whitehall Avenue, Cardenden, Fife; Treasurer, Mrs. A. Scott, 36 Sixteenth Street, Bowhill, Cardenden.

6J4-MANCHESTER AND SALFORD CALEDONIAN ASSOCIATION: instituted 1890 federated 1948; President, A. H. McDowell; Secretary, W. Ronald Howrie, "Orcadia," Buxton Road, Disley, near Stockport; Treasurer, Donald F. Hay, 16 Bedford Avenue, Wholley Range, Manchester, 16.

675-THE FEDERATED CALEDONIAN SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA: federated 1948; 6942 members; Chief, Mr. W. F. Smith; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Geo. Wallace Mackenzie, C.A.(S.A.), P.O. Box 6237, Johannesburg.

676-DENNY BRITISH LEGION BURNS CLUB: federated I948; President, R. D. Keir; Secretary, D. L. Kane, 27 Gorrie Street, Denny; Trca· surer, J. J. Timmons, Lochhead Avenue, Denny.

677-PLUMMET MASONIC BURNS CLUB: federated 1948; President, J. Dyball; Secretary, T. W. Dickson, 14 Curfew Road, Knights­ wood, Glasgow, W.3; Treasurer, T. McGowan, 13 Luath Street, Glasgow, S.W.1.

678-DoUGLAs DISTRICT BURNS CLUB: federated 1948; President, William Wilson; Secretary, John Grant, ~ Castlehill, Currie's Close, Douglas, Lanarkshire; Treasurer, R. Brownlie, 9 Stuart Terrace, Riggside, Douglas Water.

679-TULLIBODY AND CAMBUS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated I948; President, J. Duncan; Secretary, Alexander F. Todd, 10 Park Terrace, Tullibody, by Alloa; Treasurer, D. Willcox.

68~THISTLE BURNS CLUB, SALTCOATS: instituted 1947; federated 1948; 28 members; President, Charles Gordon; Secretary and Treasurer, James Goodall, 10 St. Lawrence Place, Saltcoats.

681-THE CRONIES' BURNS CLUB, KILMARNOCK: instituted 1948; federated 1948; 32 members; President, Joseph Farrell; Secretary, James Muir, no Bonnyton Road, Kilmarnock; Treasurer, William Milliken, 1 North Hamilton Street, Kilmarnock.

682-cUMNOCK JOLLY BEGGARS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1948; 36 members; President, John Reid; Secretary and Treasurer, John Buchan, 77 Wylie Crescent, Cumnock; Burns Chronicle official, R. Kilday, Craighead Inn, Cumnock. L 162 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

683-sTRATFORD-UPON-AVON AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: federated 1948; President, Dr. A. R. McWhinney; Secretary, Mrs. E. M Somerville, 97 Albany Road, Stratford-on-Avon; Treasurer, Miss V. Wells, 20 Rother Street, Stratford-on-Avon.

684-HILLS o' DUNIPACE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated 1948; roo members; President, Dr. T. R. C. Spence, M.C., M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D.; Secretary, D. J. Graham, ro Old Denny Road, Larbert, Stirlingshire; Treasurer, J. Reid, 7 Old Denny Road, Larbert, Stirlingshire.

685-NEW STEVENSTON ALLOWAY BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated 1948; President, William Armstrong; Secretary, Peter Russell, 59 Jerviston Street, New Stevenston; Treasurer, David Harvie, 41 Jervieston Street, New Stevenston.

686-BANCHORY BURNS AND SOCIAL CLUB: instituted 1947; federated 1948; 156 members; President, Alexander Davidson; Secretary and Treasurer, Alexander Anderson, Newsagent, High Street, Ban­ chory.

687-NORTHWICH AND DISTRICT SCOTS SOCIETY: instituted 1948; federated 1948; 150 members; President, E. Smith; Secretary, H. Carswell, 1 Park Road, Winnington, Northwich, Cheshire; Treasurer, D. M. Cathcart, Waverley Within's Lane, Weaverham, Northwich, Cheshire.

688-KIRKCALDY POOSIE NANSIE LADIES' BURNS CLUB: instituted 1939; federated 1949; 50 members; President, Mrs. M. McLeod; Secre­ tary, Mrs. Susan Ord, 17 Oswald Wynd, Kirkcaldy; Treasurer, Mrs. J. Ross, 3 Victoria Road, Kirkcaldy.

689-PRINCE RUPERT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated 1949; IOO members; President, J. Frew; Secretary, James S. Irvine, P.O. Box 254, Prince Rupert, B.C., Canada; Treasurer, A. Haig, Box 1096, Post Station B., Prince Rupert.

690--PIRNHALL BURNS CLUB: instituted 1948; federated 1949; 55 mem­ bers; President, Dan Renalds; Secretary, James Palmer, 22 Maith­ land Avenue, Bannockburn; Treasurer, Robert Young, 12b Corn­ hill Crescent, St. Ninians, Stirling.

691-INVERNESS BURNS CLUB: instituted 1949; federated 1949; 70 mem­ bers; President, Bailie Wm. Gray; Secretary, Col. Alex. Cullen, O.B.E., F.R.I.B.A., Drumclog, Southside Road, Inverness; Trea­ surer, H. McArdle, M.A., 20 Leys Drive, Inverness.

692-BRIGHTON's CRONIES BURNS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1949; 130 members; President, David Scott; Secretary, Alex. Henderson, 17 St. Catherine, Maddiston, Falkirk; Treasurer, William McGilchrist, Roselea Cottage, Brightons, Polmont. BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES 163

693-MASONIC BURNS CLUB, KIRKCUDBRIGHT: instituted 1949; federated 1949; 70 members; President, Andrew S. Ross; Secretary, Hugh Little, 16 Mersecroft, Kirkcudbright; Treasurer, James K. Barr, 9 St. Cuthbert Street, Kirkcudbright.

694-RANKINSTON BRAWLING COYLE BURNS CLUB: instituted 1949; fede­ rated 1949; 42 members; President, William Brown; Secretary, Alex. F. Nutt, 14 Cairntable, Patna, Ayr.

695-KILMARONOCK BURNS CLUB (DUNBARTONSHIRE): instituted 1949; federated I949; I20 members; President, Major George Christie; Secretary, Treasurer, and Burns Chronicle official, Rev. Wm. Fraser Wills, M.A., Manse of Gartocharn, by Alexandria, Dun­ bartonshire.

696-WHITLEY BAY AND DISTRICT SOCIETY OF ST. ANDREW: instituted 1930; federated I949; 150 members; President, David Thom; Secretary, William Burton, 24 Laburnum Avenue, Whitley Bay, Northum­ berland; Treasurer, H. Conyers Walker, 9 Chollerford Avenue, Whitley Bay, Northumberland.

697-BALLOCHMYLE BURNS CLUB, COMRIE (FIFE): instituted ; federated 1949; 40 members; Secretary, John Bell, 43 Rintoul Avenue, Blairhall, Dunfermline.

698-TURRIFF BURNS CLUB: instituted ; federated 1949; President, Colvin S. Philip; Secretary and Treasurer, John G. Lawson, Elm­ bank, Manse Terrace, Turriff.

69g-LORD CLYDE BURNS CLUB, CHAPPINGTON, NORTHUMBERLAND: insti­ tuted I949; federated 1949; 56 members; President, Stephen Hall; Secretary, Robert Moody, IO Chapel Street, Barrington, Bedling­ ton, Northumberland; Treasurer, Robert Graham, 84 West Lea, Bedlington, Northumberland; Burns Chronicle official, Wm. Slaughter, 19 Chapel Street, Barrington, Bedlington, Northumber­ land.

JOO-HAMILTON JUBILEE BURNS CLUB: instituted I946; federated 1949; 40 members; President, John Kane; Secretary, James McTavish, 32 Duke Street, Hamilton; Treasurer, Robert McKenzie, 37 Du.kc Street, Hamilton.

701-THE DETROIT BURNS CLUB: instituted 1912; federated 1949; 91 members; President, Richard A. MacRae; Secretary and Treasurer, Malcolm McNiven, 1<>744 Foley, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.

702-GREENOCK FOUNDRY MASONIC ASSOCIATION: instituted 1945; fede­ rated I949; I30 members; President, Archibald Speirs; Secretary, William Miller, 39 Strone Crescent, Greenock; Treasurer, Alexander Nesbitt, 84 Belville Street, Greenock. 164 BURNS CLUBS AND SCOTTISH SOCIETIES

703-MUNDIJONG AND DISTltICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY : instituted ; federated 1949; President, William Taylor, J.P.; Interim Secretary, William Taylor, J.P., Dunmore Friesian Stud Farm, Taylor Road, Mundijong, Western Australia.

704-EVESHAM AND DISTRICT CALEDONIAN SOCIETY: instituted 1948; federated 1949; 44 members; President, Archibald Nicol; Secre­ tary, Jas. W. Chirnside, II Victoria Avenue, Evesham, Worcester­ shire; Treasurer, Donald Alistair Shiach, 13 Waterside, Evesham, Worcestershire.

705-sT. CUTHBERT's BURNS CLUB, MAYBOLE: instituted 1949; federated 1949; Secretary, W. C. Adams, St. Cuthbert's Bar, Maybole.

7o6-NORTH LINDSEY SCOTS SOCIETY: instituted 1927; federated 1949; 252 members; President, Thomas Cullen, M.B., Ch.B.; Secretary, John G. Lindsay, 135 Church Lane, Scunthorpe, Lines.; Treasurer, James D. Young, 277 Ashby Road, Scunthorpe.

707-MALVERN SCOTS CLUB: instituted 1945; federated 1949; 70 members; President, M. M. Love; Secretary, Alex. S. Young, 9 Malvern House, Abbey Road, Malvern, Worcs.; Treasurer, K. A. Russell, Crown Lane, Barnards Green, Malvern. ALPHABETICAL LIS'r OF OLU B8 ON THE ROLL

No. 515 Abadan Blackridge, Westrigg and District 543 Abbey Craig Blairadam 40 Aberdeen Bo'ness Jolly Beggars 20 Airdrie Bonnie Doon Ladies 516 Airts (Castlepark) Bonnyrigg 493 Akron Border Cities (Ont.) 2 Alexandria Bothwell Bonnie Lesley Ladies 595 Allanton "Brig o' Doon" Ladie, Bournemouth 252 Alloway Brawling Coyle, Rankinston 618 Altrincham Caledonian Soc. Brechin 309 Annan Bridgeton 393 -- Ladies Brighton's Cronies, Maddiston 82 Arbroath Bristol 634 Ardeer Jolly Beggars Bruce 421 Arrochar & Tarbet Buckhaven, Lads o' 544 Ashington Budhill and Springboig 238 Atlanta Buffalo 557 -- Ladies Burnbank 588 Atlas Tam o' Shanter Burnley 508 Auchterderran Burns House 452 -- Bonnie Jean Burns Howff 673 -- Highland Mary Buxton 649 Auld Affleck Calcutta 496 -- Hoose Cambus (Tullibody) 566 Australia, Scot. Soc. of Cambusbarron 275 Ayr Cambuslang Tam o' Shantcr 435 -- Tam o' Shanter -- Wingate 192 Ayrshire Assoc. Carlisle 495 Baghdad Carrick I 57 Baillieston Caledonia Carron Bridge Cronies 372 -- Jean Armour Castle Douglas 619 Bainsford Cross-Roads Catrine 697 Ballochmyle, Comrie (Fife) Cawnpore 686 Banchory Ccssnock 218 Bannockburn Charleston 586 Barrhead Chattanooga 593 Barrmill Jolly Beggars Cheltenham 363 Barrow Chester 429 Bathgate Jolly Beggars Chesterfield 579 -- Tam o' Shantcr Clan Stewart 288 Beith Clear Winding Devon Alva 643 -- Tam o' Shanter Coalburn Jolly Beggars 15 Belfast Coalsnaughton 477 Bellahouston Coatbridge Home Guard 614 Bellshill Caledonian Colinton 6o4 -- No. 1 Colorado Springs 592 Bcnwhat Corby 326 Bingry Ladies Coventry 167 Birmingham Cowdenbcath "Mountain Daisy" 125 Blackburn-on-Almond Ladies 166 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS

No. No. 459 Cowdcnbeath West End 657 Fallin 622 Coylton 533 Fauldhousc 605 Craigmark and Burnton 552 Fawsidc 590 Craigs Cronica 262 Fifeshirc Assoc. 573 Croft Springsidc 319 Fisherrow 524 Cronies (Paisley) 498 Flint 581 Cumbernauld 525 -- Jolly Beggars 580 Cumbrac 44 Forfar 45 Cumnock 576 Fort Matilda 639 -- Dumfries Arms 598 Forth Jolly Beggars 682 -- Jolly Beggars 4°3 Frascrburgh 86 -- Winsome Willie 513 Fredericton 62 Cu par 501 Galt 594 Cu(iahoga County 665 Gartmorn Ladies 338 Da kcith 412 Gary 651 -- Plough 467 Gilbertficld Highland Mary 244 Dalmuii 636 Gisbornc, New Zealand 35 Dairy 596 Glaisnock 57§ Dalserf 169 Glasgow Assoc. 15 Darlington 653 -- Ex-Service Teachers 568 Darvcl 263 -- Masonic 345 Dcnbcath 3 -- Tam o' Shanter 469 Denny Cross 33° Glcncraig Bonnie Jean 676 -- British Legion 522 Glcnlec 55 Derby 427 Gorebridgc Glcncairn 701 Detroit 198 -- Jolly Beggars 37 Dollar 430 Gourock 556 Doncaster 59 -- Jolly B1gars Dornoch 53 Govan Fafrficl ~~ Douglas 292 Grahamston 541 Dounc 21 Grccnock 4o6 Dublin 702 -- Foundry Masonic Assoc. 10 Dumbarton 538 -- Past Prcs. Assoc. 226 Dumfries 383 -- R. N. T. F. Heather 437 -- Ladies No. 1 209 -- St. John's 503 Dunblanc 254 -- Victoria 14 Dundee Haddington 659 -- Burns Society ~~ Hadrian 656 Dundonald Jean Armour Ladies· 33 Haggis 69 Dunedin N.Z. 152 Hamilton 85 Dunfermline 700 Jubilee 550 Dunoon M~ Campbell 121 -- Junior 466 Dykehead on Water IOO -- Mossgicl 5o6 -- Jean Armour 640 -- White Heather 526 -- Tam o' Shanter 555 Harrogate 108 East Calder 492 Harrow 22 Edinburgh 537 Harthill Young Cronies 307 -- Ayrshire Assoc. 668 Harthill and Eastficld 378 -- District Assoc. 379 Hart1r1s 571 Edmonton 239 Hawi 149 Elgin 644 Hciton 470 -- St. Giles 225 Hclcnsburgh 217 Eskdalc 582 Higfnsncuk 7°4 Evcsham and District Caled. 468 Hig Blantyre Society 402 Hifthland Mary Ladies 126 Falkirk 647 Hi lend District, Airdrie 380 -- Cross Keys 684 Hills of Dunipacc, Larbert ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS

No. Holyoke 600 Miller hill Holytown 626 Moffat and District lnverkip 242 Montrose Inverness 509 Motherwell Masonic Irvine 494 -- United Services Jcan Armour (Baillieston) 620 Muirhead -- (Dykehead) 56 Muir kirk -- (Newton) 7°3 Mundijong and Districts Caled. -- (Tranent) Society -- (Windsor, Ont.) 65 Musselburgh Jedburgh 139 National Johnstone 74 National Memorial Kesnoway Jolly Beggars 500 New Cumnock Kilbirnie 685 New Stevenston Kilmarnock 523 N.S.W. Highland Soc. -- Cronies 305 New Waterford Kilmaronock (Dunbartonshire) 381 New York Masonic Kil winning 597 -- Burns Society Kinglassie Ladies 565 -- Robert Burns Circle Kingston 329 Newark Kinross Jolly Beggars 133 Newarthill Kirkconnel and Sanquhar 542 -- White Heather Kirkcudbright 199 Newbattle Kirkcudbright Masonic 156 Newcastle Kyle Ladies 293 Newcraighall Kyleakin 348 Newton Jean Armour Lanark Caledonian 266 -- Jolly Beggars Lanarkshire B.C.A. 256 Newton-on-Ayr Langholm Ladies 567 Newtown (Paisley) Larbert Bowlers 124 Ninety Larkhall Applebank 563 Norfolk -- Raploch 706 North Lindsey Scots Society Lasswade Melville 687 Northwich and District Leamington and Warwick 17 Nottingham Leeds 546 Oak Leicester 346 Oakbank Leith 624 Oban Liverpool 564 Ochiltree Lochgelly Pipe Band 507 Orange County Lochlie Ladies 631 Ormiston Lockerbie 48 Paisley London 601 Palestine Caledonian Soc. -- Ayrshire Soc. 545 Parramatta -- Clans Assoc. 72 Partick London (Ontario) '631 Pencaitland Londonderry 26 Perth Lord Clyde, Chappington 511 Perth (West Australia) Loughborough 336 Peterhead Lugar Water 284 Philadelphia North-eastern Malvern Scots Club 453 -- Ladies Manchester and Salford 690 Pim Hall Mary Campbell (Cambuslang) 677 Plummet Masonic Mauchline 535 Plymouth Maybole St. Crispin's 688 Poosie Nansie Ladies, Kirkcaldy ---St. Cuthbert's 190 Port-Glasgow Meikle Earnock 212 Portobello Mid and East Lothian 181 Primrose r68 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CLUBS

No. No. 689 Prince Rupert (B.C.) 89 Sunderland 384 Pumpherston 444 Swansea 479 Queen of the South Ladies 632 Symington 585 Queen's Park Clarinda 3 Tam o' Shanter (Glas.) 617 Reading Caledonian Assoc. 531 Tees-side 373 Red Hill 441 Temple 472 Renfrewshire Assoc. 7 Thistle 608 Riccarton fV allace 667 Thornton 606 Rockingham 602 Thorntree 471 Rose of Grange 612 Torrance Masonic 36 Rosebery (Glas.) 603 Tower 641 Rosewell 635 Tranent Jean Armour 454 Rotherham 613 -- No. I 610 "Royal Arch" 271 Trenton 354 Royal Clan 274 Troon 9 Royalty 456 -- Masonic 642 Rutherglen 320 Troy 671 St. Andrew's Cronies, Irvine 679 Tullibody and Cambus 470 St. Giles 698 Turriff 220 St. Louis 475 Tweeddale Ladies 327 St. Mark's 520 Uddingston Lochlie Ladies 399 St. Ringans 237 -- Masonic 618 Sale Caledonian Soc. 666 Valley of Doon Ladies 680 Saltcoats Thistle 325 Vancouver Fellowship 413 San Francisco 443 Victoria (B.C.) 68 Sandyford 303 -- St. Andrew's Soc. 629 Sanquhai- 165 Wallsend 426 Sauchie 436 Walney Ladies 551 Scarborough 296 Walsall 314 Scottish (Edin.) 521 Waratah-Mayfield 153 Scottish (Glas.) 391 Waterbury 621 Scottish Aviation 449 Wellington (N.Z.) 5ro Scottish Dyes Club 497 -- St. Andrew 6o9 Seaforth Highlanders (Ayrshire 664 West Kilbride Branch) 615 West Lothian Assoc. 514 Shanghai 392 Whiffiet 484 Sheddens Ladies 160 Whitburn 405 Sheffield 236 Whitehaven 91 Shettleston c;~6 Whithorn 283 Sinclairtown 6g6 Whitley Bay and District 589 Solway 529 William Mitchell (The) 530 Southern Scot. Counties 432 Winchburgh 675 Southern Africa 575 Windsor (Ont.) Jean Armour 182 Stane Mossgiel 197 Winnipeg 628 Steelend Jolly Beggars 25 -- St. Andrew's Soc. 409 Stenhousemuir 564 Winsome Willie, Ochiltree 50 Stirling 86 -- Old Cumnock 324 Stockton 505 Wishaw Masonic 458 Stonehaven 553 Wolverhampton 638 Stonehouse 464 Yakima Valley 683 Stratford upon Avon 518 Ye Auld Cronies 670 Strath, Kyleakin 654 Yew Tree, Ormiston ~'BURNS CHRONICLE" ADVERTISER

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