20280--Sanjivani Waghmode

Indian Journal of Entomology 83(2021) Online published Ref. No. e20280 DoI No.: 10.5958/0974-8172.2021.00058.4

EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES AND BOTANICALS ALONG WITH FUNGICIDE AGAINST OKRA LEAF HOPPER

Sanjivani Waghmode, Gajanan Lande1, Khushal Jawanjal2*, and Suraj Kumre2

Post Graduate Institute (PGI); 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, PGI; 2Cotton Research Unit, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola 443301, India *Email: [email protected] (corresponding author)

ABSTRACT

The field experiment conducted in the farm at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during kharif 2018-2019 evaluated some insecticides along with botanicals and fungicides in okra. There were 15 treatments and two replications, with a view to evaluate and assess the compatibility of insecticides, botanicals and fungicides against leaf hopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida). The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC @1.33 ml/ l followed by fenvalerate 20%EC @2 ml/ l, pyriproxyfen 5%EC+ fenpropathrin 15%EC @1 ml/ l and lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC + dashparni extract 15% @1.33 ml+ 12.5 ml/ l are effective.

Key words: Okra, leafhopper, insecticides, botanicals, fungicides, lamda cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, pyriproxyfen, fenpropathrin, dashparni extract, field efficacy

Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench is were followed as per the recommendations except plant an important vegetable grown throughout the year. protection measures. Treatment details are as follows: In India, it is grown on an area of 5.24 lakh ha with productivity of 11.83 mt/ ha (Anonymous, 2014). It T1 : Lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC - 1.33 ml/ l, T2 : is cultivated in kharif and summer, and productivity Dashparni Extract 15% - 25.0 ml/ l, T3 : Fenvalerate in Maharashtra is lesser than national average. The 20%EC - 2 ml/ l, T4 : NSKE - 5%, T5 : Lambda- reasons for low productivity are unavailability of cyhalothrin 5%EC + Dashparni Extract 15% - 1.33 ml quality seed, irrigation, fertilizers, and more commonly + 12.5 ml/ l, T6 : Pyriproxyfen 5%EC + Fenpropathrin the insect pests and diseases. Among these, damage 15%EC- 1 ml/ l, T7 : Azadirachtin 300 ppm (oil due to the insect pests is one of the major reasons for based) - 5 ml/ l, T8 : Fenvalerate 20%EC + Dashparni low productivity. The major sucking pests of okra are Extract 15% - 1 ml + 12.5 ml/ l, T9 : NSKE 5% + aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), leafhopper (Amrasca Hexaconazole 5%EC - 5% + 1 ml/1, T10 : Dashparni biguttula biguttula Ishida) and whitefly Bemisia( tabaci Extract 15% + Hexaconazole 5%EC - 25.0 ml +1 ml/ l, Gennadius). Leafhopper attack causes the leaves to T11 : Azadirachtin 300 ppm + Hexaconazole 5%EC - 5 curl upward along the tip and margins and develop ml +1 ml/ l, T12 : Fenvalerate 20EC + Hexaconazole necrotic areas which extend over entire surface resulting 5%EC - 2 ml +1 ml/ l, T13: Lambda-cyhalothrin in hopper burn. Heavy infestation of sucking pests in 5%EC + Hexaconazole 5%EC - 1.33 ml +1 ml/ l, early crop growth stage results in stunted growth and T14 : Pyriproxyfen 5%EC + Fenpropathrin 15%EC + gradual death of the plants. The present study evaluates Hexaconazole 5%EC -1 ml +1 ml/ l, T15 : Untreated the field efficacy of insecticides and botanicals along control. Observations on leaf hopper were made 24 hr with fungicide against leaf hopper in okra. before first spray and post treatment observations made at 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment (DAT) initiating from MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 days after germination on randomly selected five plants/ net plot and from three leaves (top, middle and Field experiment was laid out in Randomized bottom) on selected plants. Due to the involvements of Block Design (RBD) having fifteen treatments and two botanical insecticides the subsequent sprays were made replications. The gross plot size was 4.8x 2.7 m and at 11 days intervals. The data obtained were subjected net plot size was 3.6x 1.8 m and spacing was 60 cm to statistical analysis after suitable transformation as x 45 cm. Akola Bahar cultivar was used with sowing per Gomez and Gomez (1984). was done on 30th June. All the agronomical practices 2 Indian Journal of Entomology 83(2021) Online published Ref. No. e20280

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the least counts of 0.98 was observed with T1, and at 7 DAS, this got reduced to 1.11 with T1; at 10 DAS, The pre-treatment counts of leafhoppers observed the least values (5.19/ 3 leaves) were observed with a day before spray were statistically non-significant T1, at par with T3, T6 and T5 as against a maximum and ranged from 8.50 to13.50 leafhoppers/ 3 leaves. in untreated control (22.89/ 3 leaves). The data on the At three days after spray (DAS) all the treatments were mean incidence confirmed these results(Table 1). significantly superior in reducing the leafhoppers, with T1- Lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC - 1.33 ml/ l giving After third spray at 3 DAS T1 (1.23/ 3 leaves) was the least (1.43) compared to a maximum in untreated the most effective found at par with T3 (1.89) and T6 control (10.49). At 7 DAS again T1 was observed to be (2.19); at 7 DAS, the treatment T1 was again the most the best (1.40) compared to 14.36 in untreated control; effective with least counts (1.87/ 3leaves) as against and at 10 DAS, T1 and T3- Fenvalerate 20%EC - 2 23.61 in untreated control plots; at 10 DAS confirmed ml/ l led to minimum number of leafhoppers. Similar the superiority of T1 (4.23/ 3 leaves) was observed inferences could be drawn with the data on mean and found at par with T3 (4.79), T6 (5.34), T5 (5.97), number of leafhopper. With second spray, at 3 DAS, T7 (6.13), and T8 with the population of (7.57). Data

Table 1. Efficacy of insecticides and botanicals along with fungicide against leafhopper on okra Number of leafhopper/ 3leaf Tr. Treatment Mean at Mean at Mean at Mean at Mean No 1st spray 2nd spray 3rd spray 4th spray 1 2.44 2.43 2.44 1.31 2.15 Lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC (1.33 ml/ l) (1.49) (1.44) (1.51) (1.13) (1.39) 2 5.90 7.30 7.80 5.85 6.71 Dashparni extract 15% 9 (25.0 ml/ l) (2.23) (2.60) (2.77) (2.41) (2.50) 3 2.87 2.79 3.02 1.47 2.54 Fenvalerate 20%EC (2 ml/ l) (1.61) (1.55) (1.70) (1.20) (1.51) 4 6.21 7.89 8.07 6.22 7.10 NSKE 5% (5%) (2.29) (2.70) (2.82) (2.48) (2.57) 5 Lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC + Dashparni 3.96 3.75 4.03 2.55 3.57 Extract 15% (1.33 ml+12.5 ml/ l) (1.86) (1.84) (1.97) (1.59) (1.82) 6 Pyriproxyfen 5%EC + Fenpropathrin 15%EC 3.70 3.14 3.50 2.00 3.09 (1 ml/ l) (1.79) (1.65) (1.84) (1.39) (1.67) 7 Azadirachtin 300 ppm (oil based) 4.31 4.40 4.48 2.98 4.04 (5 ml/ l) (1.92) (2.01) (2.10) (1.71) (1.93) 8 Fenvalerate 20%EC + Dashparni extract 15% 4.42 4.93 5.22 3.55 4.53 (1 ml +12.5 ml/ l) (1.91) (2.13) (2.26) (1.87) (2.04) 9 NSKE 5% + Hexaconazole 5%EC (5 ml+1 6.77 9.19 9.20 7.05 8.05 ml/1) (2.39) (2.93) (3.01) (2.65) (2.74) 10 Dashparni Extract 15% + Hexaconazole 5%EC 6.48 8.75 8.60 6.53 7.59 (25.0 ml +1 ml/ l) (2.34) (2.86) (2.91) (2.54) (2.66) 11 Azadirachtin 300 ppm + Hexaconazole 5%EC 5.67 7.00 7.28 5.40 6.34 (5 ml+1 ml/ l) (2.20) (2.54) (2.68) (2.31) (2.43) 12 Fenvalerate 20 EC + Hexaconazole 5%EC 5.55 6.42 6.72 4.99 5.92 (2 ml+1 ml/ l) (2.18) (2.43) (2.57) (2.21) (2.35) 13 Lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC + Hexaconazole 4.86 5.27 5.71 4.18 5.00 5%EC (1.33 ml+1 ml/ l) (2.05) (2.22) (2.36) (2.02) (2.16) 14 Pyriproxyfen 5%EC + Fenpropathrin 15%EC 5.13 5.69 6.33 4.63 5.44 + Hexaconazole 5%EC (1 ml+1 ml/ l) (2.10) (2.30) (2.49) (2.12) (2.25) 15 14.56 20.30 24.03 16.33 18.81 Untreated control (3.75 (4.46) (4.83) (4.00) (4.26) F test Sig. Sig Sig Sig Sig SE (M) ± 0.13 0.15 0.21 0.14 0.16 CD at 5% 0.40 0.47 0.64 0.44 0.49 CV 8.83 9.58 11.96 9.83 10.05 Efficacy of insecticides and botanicals along with fungicide against okra leaf hopper 3 Sanjivani Waghmode et al. on the mean number of leafhoppers revealed similar safflower aphids. trend. After 4th spray, at 3 DAS all the treatments found significantly effective, with T1 being the best (0.89/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 leaves) and at par with T3 (0.98) and T6 (1.13); Authors thank the Director of Research and Head, at 7 DAS, T1 was again the superior one (1.27/ 3 Department of Entomology Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh leaves) at par with T3 (1.51) and T6 (1.98); and at Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola for providing facilities. 10 DAS, T1 (1.77), T3 (1.92), T6 (2.89) and T5 were found statistically at par; and data on the mean values REFERENCES confirmed these. Thus, it can be observed that T1 with Akashae V B., Gud M A., Shinde S K., Deshpande A N. 2009. 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(Manuscript Received: July, 2020; Revised: September, 2020; Accepted: September, 2020; Online Published: February, 2021) Online published (Preview) in www.entosocindia.org Ref. No. 20280