Educational psychology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurement, to enhance educational activities related to instructional design, classroom management, and assessment, which serve to facilitate learning processes in various educational settings across the lifespan.[1] Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. It is also informed by neuroscience. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialities within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education andclassroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks.[2] The field of educational psychology involves the study of memory, conceptual processes, and individual differences (via cognitive psychology) in conceptualizing new strategies for learning processes in humans. Educational psychology has been built upon theories of Operant conditioning, functionalism, structuralism, constructivism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and information processing.[1] Educational Psychology has seen rapid growth and development as a profession in the last twenty years.[3] School psychology began with the concept of intelligence testing leading to provisions for special education students, whom could not follow the regular classroom curriculum in the early part of the 20th century.[3] However, "School Psychology" itself has built a fairly new profession based upon the practices and theories of several psychologists among many different fields. Educational Psychologists are working side by side with psychiatrists, social workers, teachers, speech and language therapists, and counselors in attempt to understand the questions being raised when combining behavioral, cognitive, and social psychology in the classroom setting.[3]
Educational technology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Educational technology is the effective use of technological tools in learning. As a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines and networking hardware, as well as considering theoretical perspectives for their effective application.[1][2]
Educational technology is not restricted to high technology.[3] Nonetheless, electronic educational technology has become an important part of society today.[4] Modern educational technology includes (and is broadly synonymous with) e-learning, instructional technology, information and communication technology (ICT) in education, EdTech, learning technology, multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer- based instruction (CBI), computer managed instruction, computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), flexible learning, web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education, personal learning environments, networked learning, virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital education. These labels have been variously used and understood, and conflate to the broad domain of educational technology and e-learning.[5] These alternative descriptive terms are all more restrictive than "educational technology" in that they individually emphasize a particular digitization approach, component or delivery method. For example, m-learning emphasizes mobility, but is otherwise indistinguishable in principle from educational technology.
Theoretical perspectives and scientific testing may influence instructional design. The application of theories of human behavior to educational technology derives input from instructional theory, learning theory, educational psychology,media psychology and human performance technology.
Educational technology includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underlie many e-learning processes.[6]
Educational technology and e-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self- paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. It is suited to distance learning and in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, which is termed blended learning. Educational technology is used by learners and educators in homes, schools (both K-12 and higher education), businesses, and other settings.
Master of Education in Instructional Technology
Advances in communications and computer technology have changed education in terms of delivery, instructional strategies, and student engagement. Innovative instructional strategies of blended or flipped classrooms and the use of open-source, web-based resources, collaborative tools, video resources, and mobile devices can engage learners and increase student achievement. Many educators are looking to expand their skills in these areas to become more creative and innovative integrators of technology into learning experiences.
What Is Educational Management?
Educational management is both a field of academic study and a collective group of professionals that includes principals, teachers and other education professionals. Learn about education, job outlook and salary information below. Schools offering College Administration & Leadership degrees can also be found in these popular choices.
Educational Management Defined
Educational management, also sometimes known as educational administration, is commonly associated with elementary and secondary schools as well as institutes of higher learning like colleges and universities. Educational management professionals can also be found working in governmental agencies, private companies, and not-for-profit organizations. Those working in educational management might act as policy-makers, researchers, or consultants to help evaluate and develop ways to enrich and enhance the educational system at all levels. Most educational management professionals have earned at least a master's degree and many are licensed teachers or principals.
Required Education
Those interested in an educational management career will likely need to complete a master's or doctoral degree program. Some of these programs are intended specifically for public education teachers and administrators; however, completing a teacher education program is not a requirement for enrollment in some educational management programs. You can also find educational management programs that focus on preparation for careers in higher education. Master's degree programs might require completion of a thesis project and internship. Doctoral programs generally require a dissertation based on original research. Common Coursework
The core coursework in educational management degree programs varies slightly from program to program. Listed below are some common courses that you can expect to encounter in a graduate-level educational management program:
Education legislation
Public policy and education
Management of educational organizations
Evaluation of educational systems Licensure
Education managers who work in school administration, usually as principals, are required to be licensed in most states, if they work at public schools. Requirements vary, but they often include a master's degree and additional training. Sometimes continuing education is needed to maintain licensure. Private schools do not require licensure.
Job Skills
Leadership skills are a must in this field. Professionals working in education management must also have good decision-making and problem-solving skills. They should also be good communicators and be comfortable working with teachers, parents, and children, as well as other community members.
M.Ed. in Educational Assessment & Evaluation: Degree Overview
A master's degree program in educational assessment and evaluation prepares teachers and other education professionals for leadership positions in education. Students learn to assess and evaluate data for decision-making in education.
View 18 Popular Schools Essential Information
A master's degree program in educational assessment and evaluation prepares students to understand and work with the data gathered in research and educational testing. Students can improve their research skills, and work for school districts, testing agencies, licensure or certification boards, and others. In general, a student with a bachelor's degree in any field can be admitted into this degree program.
Prerequisites: Bachelor's degree Other Requirements: Some programs require teacher certification
M. Ed. In Educational Assessment and Evaluation
Coursework in this degree program focuses on data assessment and how it can be utilized in student improvement. Students might learn to use multiple sources of data and measurement techniques to render their decisions. They could also learn how to implement assessment and evaluation practices, interpret data and design analysis plans. The curriculum additionally includes a master's project or a comprehensive written examination.
Course topics include:
Effective teaching and classroom management Evaluation methods of reading deficits and mathematics Educational technologies and curriculum design Educational assessment methods Research techniques and data analysis Psychological research in education
Educational assessment
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Educational assessment is the process of documenting, usually in measurable terms, knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community (class, workshop, or other organized group of learners), the institution, or the educational system as a whole (also known as granularity).[citation needed]
The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers, their assumptions and beliefs about the nature of human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning. Educational evaluation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Educational evaluation is the evaluation process of characterizing and appraising some aspect/s of an educationalprocess.
There are two common purposes in educational evaluation which are, at times, in conflict with one another. Educational institutions usually require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to funders and other stakeholders, and to provide a measure of performance for marketing purposes. Educational evaluation is also a professional activity that individual educators need to undertake if they intend to continuously review and enhance the learning they are endeavoring to facilitate.