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Title Provisional List of Butterflies in the Ryukyu Islands Author(S)

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Title Provisional list of butterflies in the Ryukyu Islands Author(s) Takara, Tetsuo 琉球大学農家政学部学術報告 = Science bulletin of Citation Agriculture & Home Economics Division, University of the Ryukyus(3): 34-122 Issue Date 1956-07 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/21907 Rights Errata Please note that the names of persons listed under "Enumeration of Species" are spelled with capital letters. These names should be spelled with small capital letters except for the first letter of each name which should be spelled with large capital letter. Provisional list of butterflies in the R yukyu Islands By Tetsuo TAKARA* Introduction Though there are numerous literatures about kinds of butter­ flies indigenous to the Ryukyus and their distribution, most of them are incomplete ones. Sonan, J. (1924) collected 82 species (including subspecies) as indigenous ones of the Ryukyu islands. Kishida, K. and Y. Nakamura (1936) arranged 97 species (including subspecies) as indigenous ones of the Ryukyus in the book of Entomological World, vol. 4 under the heading of Butterflies indigenous to Japan. But sil1ce then, some changes in the scientific names have been made public. In this literature, all records so far found are put in order, scientific names are settled, and new knowledges pertaining to dis­ tribution are added. Since here included some species which are in original literatures but not seen by the author, it is unavoidable to have some incompleteness in it. These points will be l"econsidered as specimens are completed. Meanwhile, this literature will be published withollt delay. It is very fortunate if the literature is used for referrences to know butterflies found in the Ryukyus. The author wishes to acknowledge his gratitude to Dr. Teiso Esaki and Takashi Shirozu of the Kyushu University for their kind instructions and advices, and furthermore, for their generosity of lending me their literatures in publishing the book. 1. The Ryukyus in this literature is the same as Okinawa pre­ fecture before the war. 2. The distributions of butterflies are mentioned only of main islands of the Ryukyus. 3. Host-plants are those growing in the Ryukyus. * Agriculture & Home Economics Division, University of the Ryukyus. Provisional list of butterflies in the Ryukyu Islands 35 Enumeration of species Family HESPERIIDAE 1. Genus Hasora MOORE, 1881 1) Hasora badra godana FRUHSTORFER, 1910 Japanese name: Tetsuiro-birodo-seseri. 1857 Goniloba bad1'a MOORE, Cat. IJep. Mus. E. I. C., 1, p. 245, pI. 7, figs. 3, 3a. 1910 Ha80ra badra goduna }c'RUHSTORFER, Iris, p. 57. 1923 Ha80ra bad'ra SAKAGUCHI, Ins. World, 27 (314), p. 34C' (Okinawa-jima). 1924 Ha80ra badora SONAN, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 96-97 (Okinawa-jima) . 1927 Ha80ra badra YASI-IIRO, List Ins. Roo-choo Is.~ p. 18 (Okinawa). Distribution: Okina~Ta-jima. Host-plant: Unknown. 2) Hasora chromus inerrnis ELWES et EDWARDS. 1897 Japanese name: Okinawa-birodo-seseri, Bir6do-seseri. 1782 Papilio chromu8 CRAMER, Pap, Exot., 3, pI. 284, fig. E. 1894 18mene chro'Ynus FRITZE, ZooJ. Jahrb. Syst., 7, p. 906 (Okinawa-jima). 1897 Ha80ra inermi8 ELWES et EDWARDS,. Trans. ZooI. Soc. London, 14 (4), p. 301 (Liukiu Islands). 1905 Ha80ra chrornu8 MATSUl\1URA, Cat. Ins. Jap., 1, p. 24 (Riukiu). 1906 Ha80ra chromu8 NAWA, Ins. World, 10 (1'08), p. 318 (Ryukyu). 1915 Ha80ra Ch1"O?nU8 IWATA, Sci. Bull. Kagoshima Agr. ColI., (2), p. 162 (Ryukyu). 1922 Ha80ra chromu8 SAKAGUCHI, Ins. World, 26 (300), p. 259 (Okinawa­ jima) . 1923 Ha801'u chrom.u8 SAKAGUCI-II, Ins. World, 27 (314), p. 340 (Okinawa­ jima) . 1924 HU80ra inermis SON...L\.N, Trans. Nat, Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 96 (Okinawa-jima) . 1924 Ha80ra chromu8 SONAN, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 96 (Okinawa-jima) . 1927 Ha80ra chromu8 SAKAGUCHI, List Ins. Okinawa Is., p. 8. 1927 Ha80ra ch'rom.u8 YASHIRO, List Ins. Roo-choo Is., p. 18 (Okinawa). 1931 H a80ra inermi8 MATSUMURA, 6000 Illust. Ins. Japan-Empire, p. 581 (Okina"ra) . 1931 Ha80ra inermi8 YASHIRO, Zephyrus, 3 (3-4), p. 237 (Kume-jima). 1932 Ha801'a alexis va·iracana UCHIDA, Iconogra, Ins. Jap., p. 1014 (Okinawa). 1932 Ha80ra ine1'mi8 Y.A.SHIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 124 (Okinawa-jima). 1932 Ha80ra chro1nu8 YASHIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 124 (Okinawa-jima). 1934 Birodo-8e8eri (Jap. name) ESAKI, Ent. World, 2 (11), p. 550' (Hateruma- jima) . T. TAKARA 1934 Hasora ine·rmis ASAHINA, Zephyrus, 5 (2-3), p. 130, figs. 10-11 (Oki­ nawa-jima) . 1936 Hasora chromus KISHIDA et NAKAMURA, Ent. World, 4, p. 449 (Ryu­ kyu). 1941 Birodo-seseri (Jap. naem) NAGAOKA, lVlushi no Sekai, 4 (3-4), p. 56 (Kume-jima). 1947 Hasora chromu8 inermis SHIRoZU, Zephyrus, 9 (4), p. 245-251 (Okinawa­ honto, Ishigaki-jima, Hateruma-jima, Kume-jima). Distribution: Okinawa-jima, Ishigaki-jima, Hateruma-jima, Kume-jima. Host-plant: P01'~ga111ia glabra (ku1·oyona) (SHIROZU, 1947). They appear in May and can be seen up until September. But the number of them is relatively small. 2. Genus Badamia MOORE, 1881 3) Badarnia exclarnationis (FABRICIUS, 1775) Japanese name: Taiwan-aoba-seseri. 1775 Papilio exclamationis FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., p. 530. 19'06 Badamia exclamationis NAW A, Ins. World, 10 (108), p. 318 (Ryukyu) (=? Ishigaki-jima). 1952 Badamia exclamationis SHIoZU, Sieboldia, 1 (1), p. 11 (Ishigaki Island). Distribution: Ishigaki-jima. Host-plant: Unknown. 3. Genus Choaspes MOORE, 1881 4) Choaspes benjarninii japonica (MURRAY, 1875) Japanese name: Aoba-seseri. 1875 Ismene benjamini va:r. japonicu, MURRAY, Ent. Mon. Mag., 12,.p. 4. 1894 Ismene benjaminii FRITZE, Zoo!' Jahrb. Syst., 7, p. 906 (Okinawa-jima). 1901 Rhopalocampta Benja'Jnin'ii K.UROIWA, List Rhop. Loo-choo Is., p. 4 (Yaeyama). 1904 Rhoparocampta benjamini TAKANO, Hakubutsu no Torno, 4 (22), p. 104 (Yaeyama) . 1905 Rhopalocampta (lsmene) Benjam.'ini MATSUMURA, Cat. Ins. Jap., 1, p. 24 (Riukiu). 1906 Rhopaloca'lnpta benjam'ini N ...~WA, Ins. World, 10· (108), p. 318 (Ryukyu) (=? Ishigaki-jima). 1907 Rhopalocampta Benjamini MATSUMURA, Thous. Ins. Jap., 4, p. 132-133 (Ryukyu) . 1915 Rhopalocampta benjamini IWATA, Sci. Bull. Kagoshima Agr. ColI., (2), p. 162 (Ryukyu). 1923 Rhopalocampta benjantini SAKAGUCHI, Ins. World, 27 (314), p. 340 (Okinawa-jima) . 1924 Rhopalocantpta benja'lnini SONAN, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 97 (Ishigaki-jima, Oldnawa-jima). Provisional list of butterflies' in the ltyukyu Islands 37 1927 Rhopalocampta benjamini YASHIRO, List Ins. Roo-choo Is., p. 18 (Oki­ nawa). 1927 Rhopalocampta benja1nin'i SAKAGUCHI, List Ins. Okinawa Is., p. 9. 1931 Rhopalocampta benja'l'nin'l~ M'ATSUMURA, 6000 Illust. Ins. Japan-Empire, p. 587 (Ryukyu). 1932 Rhopaloca'Jnpta benjarnini YASHIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 124 (Okinawa- jima) . 1932 Rhopalocantpta benjamini japonica UCHIDA, Iconogra, Ins. Jap., p. 1013 (Ryukyu). 1.934 Rhopaloca'J1~pta benjamini ja,ponica ASAHINA, Zephyrus, 5 (2-3), p. 130 (Okinawa-jima) . 1951 Choaspes benjaminii japonica ESAKI et SHIRoZU, Shin Konchu, 4 (9), p. 3, 21 (Japan). 1954 Choaspes benjaminii SHIRAKI, Cat. Injur. Ins. Ryukyu Is., p. 71 (Oki- nawa Is., Ishigaki Is., Iriomote Is.). Distribution: Okinawa-jima, Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima. Host-plants: Meliosma spp. (SHIRAKI, 1954). They appear in April and can be seen up until September. But the number of them is relatively small. 4. Genus Celaenorrhinus HUBNER, 1816 5) Celaenorrhinus asmara BUTLER, 1887 Japanese name: Komon-seseri, Komon-kuro-seseri. 1877 Celaenorrhinus asmara BUTLER, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zoology, sere 2, 1, p. 556. 1905 Celaeno'l',t"hinus asmara MATSUMURA, Cat. Ins. Jap., p. 24 (Riukiu). 1915 Celoenorrhinu8 asmara IWATA, Sci. Bull. Kagoshima Agr. ColI., (2), p. 162 (Ryukyu). 1919 Celaenorrhinus as'Jna'ra MATSUMURA, Thous. Ins. Jap., Add., 3, p. 715 (Okinawa). 1924 Celaenorrhinus as'Jnara SONAN, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 96 (Okinawa-jilna, Ishigaki-jima). 1931 Celaeno'rrhinu8 asmara MATSUMURA, 6000 Illust. Ins. Japan-Empire, p. 580' (Okinawa). 1932 Celaenorrhinus asma'ra YASHIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 124 (Okinawa­ jima) . 1936 Celaenorrhinusa smara KISIIIDA et NAKAMURA, 'Ent. World, 4, p. 446 (Ryukyu). 1954 Celaenorrhinu8 asmara SHIRAKI, Cat. Injur. Ins. Ryukyu Is., p. 71 (Oki­ nawa Is.). Distribution: Okinawa-jin1a, Ishigaki-jima. Host-plant: Cle1'·ode1~dro1~ ·trichotomum (Kusagi) (YASHIRO, 1932) . I have never caught this species for specimens yet. According to SHIROzU, T., it is said to be very coubtful that there is a record of this species found in the Ryukyus. 38 T. ,TAKARA 5. Genus Leptalina MABILLE, 1904 6) Leptalina unicolor (BREMER, et GREY, 1853) Leptalina ornata (BREMER, 1861) (Forma vernalis) Japanese name: Gin-ichimonji-seseri. 1853 Steropes unicolor BREMER et GREY, SCHMETT. N. Chinas, p. 10, pI. 3, fig. 3. 1924 Leptalina unicolor SON.A.N, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 97 (Okinawa-jima) . 1928 Leptalina unicolor OKAJIM1\, Gyoko-kinen Hakubutsu-chosa Rokokusho, p. 28 (Ryukyu). 1932 Leptalina unicolor YASIIIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 124 (Okinawa-jima). Distribution: Okinawa-jima. Host-plant: Unknown. I have never caught this species for specimens yet. According ~ to SHIROZU, T., it is said to be very doubtful that there is a record of this species found in the Ryukyus. 6. Genus Thoressa SWINHOE, 1912 7) Thoressa varia (MURRAY, 1875) Japanese name: Ko--chabane-seseri. 1875 Halpe va1·ia MURRAY, Ent. Mon. Mag., 11, p. 172. 1924 Halpe varia SONAN, Trans. Nat. Rist. Soc. Formosa, 13 (68), p. 98 (Oki- nawa-jima) . 1927 Halpe varia SAKAGUCHI, List Ins. Okinawa Is., p. 7. 1932 Halpe varia UCHIDA, Iconogra. Ins. Jap., p. 1029 (Ryukyu). 1932 Halpe varia YASHIRO, Zephyrus, 4 (2-3), p. 125 (Okinawa-jhna). lQ36 Halpe va1'·ia !CISHIDA et NAK..t.\.MURA, Ent. World, 4, p. 448 (Ryukyu). Distribution: Okinawa-jima. Host-plants: Oryza sativa (Ine) (YASHIRO, 1932), Sacchar"um officinarum (Sat6kibi) (YASHIRO, 1932). This species is recorded by YASHIRO, H.
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  • Colourful Butterfly Wings: Scale Stacks, Iridescence and Sexual Dichromatism of Pieridae Doekele G

    Colourful Butterfly Wings: Scale Stacks, Iridescence and Sexual Dichromatism of Pieridae Doekele G

    158 entomologische berichten 67(5) 2007 Colourful butterfly wings: scale stacks, iridescence and sexual dichromatism of Pieridae Doekele G. Stavenga Hein L. Leertouwer KEY WORDS Coliadinae, Pierinae, scattering, pterins Entomologische Berichten 67 (5): 158-164 The colour of butterflies is determined by the optical properties of their wing scales. The main scale structures, ridges and crossribs, scatter incident light. The scales of pierid butterflies have usually numerous pigmented beads, which absorb light at short wavelengths and enhance light scattering at long wavelengths. Males of many species of the pierid subfamily Coliadinae have ultraviolet-iridescent wings, because the scale ridges are structured into a multilayer reflector. The iridescence is combined with a yellow or orange-brown colouration, causing the common name of the subfamily, the yellows or sulfurs. In the subfamily Pierinae, iridescent wing tips are encountered in the males of most species of the Colotis-group and some species of the tribe Anthocharidini. The wing tips contain pigments absorbing short-wavelength light, resulting in yellow, orange or red colours. Iridescent wings are not found among the Pierini. The different wing colours can be understood from combinations of wavelength-dependent scattering, absorption and iridescence, which are characteristic for the species and sex. Introduction often complex and as yet poorly understood optical phenomena The colour of a butterfly wing depends on the interaction of encountered in lycaenids and papilionids. The Pieridae have light with the material of the wing and its spatial structure. But- two main subfamilies: Coliadinae and Pierinae. Within Pierinae, terfly wings consist of a wing substrate, upon which stacks of the tribes Pierini and Anthocharidini are distinguished, together light-scattering scales are arranged.
  • Biodiversity of Family Pieridae from Tandojam Pakistan

    Biodiversity of Family Pieridae from Tandojam Pakistan

    ISSN 1023-1072 Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 2018, 34 (2): 136-139 BIODIVERSITY OF FAMILY PIERIDAE FROM TANDOJAM PAKISTAN N. A. Abro1*, I. Khatri1, M. A. Rustamani1, M. A. Abro2 and R. Kandhro1 1Department of Entomology, 2Department of Plant Pathology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan ABSTRACT Collection of family Pieridae from Tandojam area was done with the aim to enrich our knowledge on the diversity of these economically important families in our agro-ecosystem. The experiment was conducted at the Insect Systematic Laboratory, Department of Entomology Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. During the study 62 members of family Pieridae were collected from various localities of Tandojam. Results showed that the family Pieridae revealed the occurrence of 09 species under two sub-families; Pierinae with the record of one species and Coliadinae with eight species record. Keywords: pieridae, pierid butterfly, Tandojam, taxonomy INTRODUCTION1 genitalia, microscopes (a) Labomed CSM2 (20X The family Pieridae includes most familiar and 40X), (b) Kyowa Medilux 20 were used. butterflies also known as Cabbage-White and Grass Yellow. They have long stable status of Methods of identification the species in this family (Nazari et al., 2011). For the identification of specimens up to the The larvae of most Pierid butterflies feed on species level, keys were followed for the region. different cultivars of mustard (Brassicaceae) and leguminous (Fabaceae) (Mal et al., 2013). The RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Indian sub-continent has nearly about 1439 In present study total 62 members of the species of butterflies, out of them 400 species Pieridae were collected from Tandojam Sindh, are reported from Pakistan (Khan et al., 2000; Pakistan, 09 species were from two sub- 2007).
  • Distinguishing Smilax Glabra and Smilax China Rhizomes by Flow-Injection Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis

    Distinguishing Smilax Glabra and Smilax China Rhizomes by Flow-Injection Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis

    Acta Pharm. 68 (2018) 87–96 Original research paper https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2018-0003 Distinguishing Smilax glabra and Smilax china rhizomes by flow-injection mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis JIAN LIANG1 Flow-injection mass spectrometry (FIMS) coupled with a 1 MENG ZHOU chemometric method is proposed in this study to profile LIN-YU LI1 JI-CHENG SHU1 and distinguish between rhizomes of Smilax glabra (S. gla- YONG-HONG LIANG1 bra) and Smilax china (S. china). The proposed method em- FENG-QIN LI1 ployed an electrospray-time-of-flight MS. The MS finger- 2 LI XIONG prints were analyzed using principal component analysis HUI-LIAN HUANG1* (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional analysis (OPLS-DA) with the aid of SIMCA software. Find- Chinese Medicine ings showed that the two kinds of samples perfectly fell Nanchang, 330004, China into their own classes. Further predictive study showed desirable predictability and the tested samples were suc- 2 Jiangxi Province Center for Disease cessfully and reliably identified. The study demonstrated Control and Prevention that the proposed method could serve as a powerful tool Nanchang, 330029, China for distinguishing between S. glabra and S. china. Accepted October 25, 2017 Keywords: Smilax glabra, Smilax china, rhizome, flow injec- Published online November 14, 2017 tion, mass spectrometry, PCA, OPLS-DA Rhizomes of both Smilax glabra Roxb. (S. glabra) and Smilax china L. (S. china) are in- cluded in Chinese Pharmacopeia (1). Deriving from the same genus, rhizomes of both S. glabra and S. china share some similarities.
  • Butterfly Biodiversity in Singapore with Particular Reference to the Central

    Butterfly Biodiversity in Singapore with Particular Reference to the Central

    Proceedings of the Nature Reserves Survey Seminar. 70re 49(2) (1997) Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 49 (1997) 273-296. ~ laysia and Butterfly Biodiversity in Singapore with Particular :ingapore. Reference to the Central Catchment Nature Reserve discovery, 1 2 ~y Bulletin. S.K. KHEW AND STEVEN S.H. NE0 1103, Tai Keng Gardens, Singapore 535384 re. In: L.M. 2Blk 16, Simei Street 1, #05-13, Melville Park, Singapore 529942 )f Zoology, Abstract Chin, R.T. A total of 381 butterfly species have now been recorded in Singapore of which 18 are new City: Bukit records since 1990. Of this total, 236 species (62%) were recorded during the present JOre. Suppl. survey. A U except 8 (3%) of these occur within the Nature Reserves and 148 (63%) were recorded only within the Nature Reserves. A total of 74 species (31%) within the Reserves were considered very rare. e Nee Soon ion: Marine Introduction l impact of The study of butterflies by amateurs is not new, and indeed, it is through onservation. the observations of these dedicated individuals that much important data have been accumulated over the years. The information on butterfly biodiversity in Singapore is, at most, sketchy. Most of the documentation ater prawn, of the species occurred done during the post-war years until the late 1960s. nidae) from From our literature research, two references stand out: W.A. Fleming's )gy. 43: 299- Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore (1991) and Steven Corbet and Maurice Pendlebury's Butterfli es of the Malay Peninsula (1992). Although the latest editions of the two reference books were published in the early ~amalph eops 1990s, most of the updates referred only to the Peninsular Malaysia.