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AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy Web version of Hands-On Astrophysics An educational program created by The American Association of Variable Star Observers funded in part by The National Science Foundation Project Co-Directors Janet Akyüz Mattei John R. Percy The American Association of Variable Star Observers Erindale Campus, University of Toronto Curriculum Author Donna L. Young Lead Educator: Chandra EPO/SAO/NASA The American Association of Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy 49 Bay State Road Cambridge, MA 02138 U.S.A. Phone: 617-354-0484 Fax: 617-354-0665 e-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.aavso.org Copyright ©1997/2008 by The American Association of Variable Star Observers May be reproduced for non-commercial educational use. AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy was prepared with the support of the National Science Foundation, Grant No. ESI-9154091. ISBN: 1-878174-25-8 AAVSO VARIABLE STAR ASTRONOMY Teacher Workshop Participants/Evaluators Project Staff Janet Akyüz Mattei Project Co-Director Workshop 1 (1994) John R. Percy Project Co-Director Henry Bouchelle Ardis Maciolek Donna L. Young HOA Manual Author M. Kathleen Cochrane L. Rob Ochs Michael Saladyga Project Facilitator Daniel Francetic Michael Richard Assistant Editor & Graphics Michael Hoke Sharmi Roy Karin Hauck Production, Design, & Layout Carl Katsu Edward Ruszczyk Assistant Editor James Kernohan Gary Sampson Paul Lee Judith Stoltz Lynn Matthews Anderson Production Editor Jeffrey S. Lockwood Sallie Teames Cover Art and Graphics Workshop 2 (1995) Astrophotography B. Steven Albert Kristine Larsen John Chumack Roger Bennatti George Leonberger Glenn F. Chaple, Jr. Francis M. Mikan Charts John Clarke Parker E. Moreland S. Hughes Pack Charles E. Scovil Editor and Production Mary Dombrowski Philip Dombrowski Brian Rogan Kerriann Malatesta Coordinator, Asst. Editor Gita Hakerem Foster Joseph Wesney Sara J. Beck Finder Slide Production Alan Hirshfeld Donna L. Young Contributors Education Advisory Board Jeffrey S. Lockwood Grant Foster Janet A. Mattei Michael Saladyga Walter Bisard Central Michigan University, MI Slide/Print Production W. Russell Blake Michael Saladyga Coordinator, Editor Plymouth Carver School, MA Brendan Curren Sara J. Beck Associate Editor Bronx High School of Science, NY Alan Asadorian Slide Production Marie East Dorian Color Lab, Inc., Arlington, MA Sudbury, MA David Landry Print Production Linda M. French Park School Corporation, MA Software Christopher Harper Grant Foster VSTAR Phillips Exeter Academy, NH Michael Saladyga HOAENTER, HOAFUN Jennifer Hickman Phillips Academy, MA Darrel B. Hoff Teacher Consultants Luther College, IA Kristine Larsen Judith Stoltz Arthur Johnson Jeffrey S. Lockwood Donna L. Young Harvard University Education Dept., Sharmi Roy MA Jeffrey S. Lockwood Video Production Tucson, AZ David Tucker Executive Producer Janet A. Mattei Todd Hallam Producer and Director Director, AAVSO George S. Mumford Equipment and Facilities: Tufts University, MA Sheridan College, Oakville, Ontario, Canada Jay M. Pasachoff The Edit Sweet, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Williams College, MA John R. Percy Web Site Development Erindale Campus, University of Toronto Scott Battaion Robert F. Tinker The Wright Center for Innovative Science Education, Technical Education Research Ctr, MA Tufts University, Medford, MA Charles A. Whitney Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA Artwork Anne G. Young Lynn M. Anderson Miranda Read Rochester Institute of Technology, NY Lola Chaisson Michael Saladyga AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy Proofreading HANDS-ON ASTROPHYSICS VIDEOS Elizabeth O. Waagen Writers Film Crew John R. Percy David Tucker, Executive Producer Software testing Janet A. Mattei Todd Hallam, Producer/Director/Editor David J. Sworin Branko Miskov Michael Saladyga Mark Dury, Camera/Lighting Gene Hanson John E. Isles Todd Hallam Karl Dipelino, Audio David Tucker Sylvie Charland, Narrator Special thanks to: Video Animations Gerhard L. Salinger Program Director, Instructional Materials Dana Berry, The Wright Center for Innovative Science Development, Directorate for Education and Education, Tufts University, Medford, MA Human Resources, National Science Foundation Additional photography Additional thanks to: Terence Dickinson Jack Newton Eric Chaisson The Wright Center for Innovative Science Featured in HOA Videos Education, Tufts University, Medford, MA Mary Dombrowski Amateur Astronomer, High School Student, Glastonbury, CT The Department of Astronomy, and Erindale Christopher Sousa Campus, University of Toronto, and their Amateur Astronomer, High School Student, Glastonbury, CT Glenn F. Chaple, Jr. students: Winnie Au, Laura Syczak, Amateur Astronomer, Science Teacher, Townsend, MA Monica Milanowski, Matt Szczesny, Gerald P. Dyck Sarah Thompson, and Lawrence Yu. Amateur Astronomer, Music Teacher, Assonet, MA Peter Garnavich Marvin E. Baldwin Astronomer, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA Chair, AAVSO Eclipsing Binary Committee Owen Gingerich Astronomer/Historian, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Neil F. Comins, University of Maine at Orono Martha L. Hazen Astronomer and Archivist, Harvard College Observatory, MA Plymouth, MI John E. Isles, Imelda B. Joson Amateur Astronomer, Editor, Burlington, MA Initial AAVSO-HOA Web Site Developers Robert P. Kirschner Leora Aimee Hurwitz Astronomer, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA Elena Khan Stephen P. Knight William Mackiewicz Amateur Astronomer, Farmer, Waterford, ME Brewster La Macchia Organizations Amateur Astronomer (photometrist), Andover, MA National Science Foundation David W. Latham American Association of Variable Star Observers Astronomer, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Ontario, Canada Wayne M. Lowder Sheridan College, Ontario, Canada Amateur Astronomer, Physicist, Valhalla, NY Fondation Dudley H. Wright, Geneva, Switzerland Brian G. Marsden Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Astronomer, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA Harvard College Observatory Janet A. Mattei Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston AAVSO Director, Astronomer, Cambridge, MA National Aeronautics and Space Administration E. Talmadge Mentall Space Telescope Science Institute Amateur Astronomer, Editor, Lynn, MA Comité de Liaison Enseignants Astronomes, France Mario Motta Astronomical Society of the Pacific Amateur Astronomer, Cardiologist, Lynnfield, MA John R. Percy AAVSO Staff Contributors Astronomer, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Additional Video Participants Lynn M. Anderson Karuna Kramer Edwin Aguirre David Kochuk Terri Olsen Sara J. Beck Kerriann Malatesta Thomas Applin Michael Mattei John Reed Grant Foster Janet A. Mattei Lee Budryk Scott Melanson Robert Simmons Tanja Foulds Michael Saladyga Robert Collara Andrea Motta HOA Teachers Karin Hauck Elizabeth O. Waagen Carol Dombrowski Joyce Motta Kristine Larsen Shawna Hutchings Theodore Wales Philip Dombrowski Justin Motta Sharmi Roy T. Helga Dyck Melissa Motta Judith Stoltz Scott Kenyon Richard Nugent Donna L. Young AAVSO Variable Star Astronomy Preface Through the years, the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) has been a source of information and guidance to students who decide to study variable stars for class or science fair projects. The idea to develop a formal curriculum using the AAVSO’s unique variable star database, however, came about when I attended “An Education Initiative in Astronomy” workshop, supported by NASA, in Washington, DC, in February of 1990. The opportunities, objectives, strategies, and recommendations that were discussed at that workshop, along with the presentation by Dr. Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, then Director of the National Science Foundation’s Education Division, who suggested that we as astronomy educators have the best tools to attract the attention and imagination of students, other teachers, and the public, provided the impetus and ideas for Hands-On Astrophysics. My colleague John R. Percy, a leading advocate of astronomy education for decades, had been using AAVSO variable star observations in many projects for his students at the University of Toronto. Inspired by the Washington, DC, workshop, Dr. Percy and I, with the strong endorsement of the AAVSO Council, decided to develop together a curriculum—Hands-On Astrophysics—based on our many years of experience in guiding students, and utilizing many decades of AAVSO variable star observations. Variable stars are stars that change in brightness, and these changes in brightness help us understand the nature and evolution of stars and galaxies. The study of variable stars is particularly suited to science, math, and computer education. Students can observe variable stars with binoculars, telescopes, and even with the unaided eye, and then can analyze the changes in brightness of the stars they observe by using the over 600,000 observations and the computer programs provided with Hands-On Astrophysics. As students discover the unique qualities and the oddities of a star’s behavior, they can find out more about “their star” through further research in the library and via the Internet. With members in 45 countries, the AAVSO is the largest organization in the world dedicated to variable stars, and with over 8.5 million variable star observations from its founding in 1911 to the present, the AAVSO is custodian of the world’s largest database on variable stars. Many
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