History of the reunion of Bessarabia with Romania, 1905-1918 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Lapadat, Nicholas, 1927- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 03:29:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347452 HISTOKX OF.: THE HEUHIOH OF BESSARSBIA ' " : 'VjTTH R O m H I l s ! 1905 -.1918 . ; by Nicholas Lapadat A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the ' . ■ - • FEPARTMEl'JT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement • For the Degree of : ' H&STBR OF ARTS In the. Graduate College ' .THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA' 1 9 6 2. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: J. G, Oswald Date Associate Professor of History Fsn® 28 § line' • 3 .bottoms , IHRA¥IAH should read !HRAGlAHti P@2 0 : F O W 60s line 3 s ACADEEMXEI should read A.GADEM1BI0 .. ;.'F*25$ line' '161 ' GOGliMKIGEAro .shbuid^ read GGGALKIGEAHUe Pe 28 : : F©nd: 99 s S^:' Pis -'Gooch ^ • History o £; Modern Eur ope: 1878« v 19199 Hew yorks Henry ■hol^&''Gb*;:^l'§^/l'shohi’d''hh ■ ‘11 ^ lasted, on page 181 after Giureseuj, Constantin G® :Fi3^3; ^ line 2: /sh read: HO m ® ' ; - \ ■ V.' Fi38i ' .^Ine ISi ' MSAEABlA ^hhould read' BASAMBXEI o - ^ ; ' l F® 53 a- ■ 331 complete .footnote should be,:.transferred to :,pa^e'54 to read footnote # 346: ' . ■ ; I';.; P0'54s - F®n0. 34: complete footnote should be; transferred' to. ;: ,page 33 to read footnbte #'33l> '. ; : The author "wishes to esepress his appreeiation to Dr0 Russell G> Ewimgg Head of the Itepartment of Histoiy9 University of Arigoms had to: the. faeulty of the department, for their eneourageBient during the pursuit of graduate study in Mstoryo ' . ■ , . ■ , Special gratitude and appreciation mist go . to. Bro JoG© ©swald^ Associate Professor of Histoiyg who generously gave of .his. time in directing this work* and whose patient guidance and keen interest contributed immeasurably to the successful completion of this thesis0. T m m m G m m m . CMPm ' , v ; : . E&B ' 'ii iemmiDSBiSfflB': - , • . ; 111, lo THE- HISTORIC BIST OF BESSARffiU. s .■ „ s e 0. 1 H o THE TI4PiCT 0F THE BUSSIiH RE70LUTI0U OF . OM- BESSABSBIS «• &. o , « *• - o- « o ». «,•_ « -»=•. & 3 1 TEE ESGPEE OF »: . * '* , , -a: . * *■, , TEEB TIES ;&KB8S ipi? -;.; r ■: ' ■ •■/■ ’ Bto;©IiHTIOH a . q. O . e o ei: A--0: -c vo' 'e -' a- o s o b e. b e > 6, o Si . a u t o n o m o u s d e m d g h &tic m L m v i M . ■ . O O O . 0.0 o o o ® ' O O'. @ O' O'. O O . O O 6 6 © © o ; - ■ ' ' : ■ 1 ' ' ■_ ... i ■ ■ - tlo- B E B S A ^ m . A O H ] # # ' B m m N D E m E ' a o o o © o © .. ... * 10? , - ^ ■■ . ' ; . • . ■■ - . ■ ■■ ' Yllo BESSARABIAt ITS NEUHiN WITH EOE&NI& © 0. © . © > V 133 APEElffllX A © o .o © © ■©.: © ,o ©. o - .© >: 0. „ ..... 0 c c „ c 0 a o iSij. B © '0: 6::s. o-'o ; o: a:-;© > o;:o © © ©. © o © © *. y^ > ; ^ l 6 T B I B E S E B S H E : a »■ » = o © © © / © © .■ o.'o177 CHAPTER I ;;. THE HISTORIC RIST. OF; BE3SARABI1.' ' ..''r;; -''-V,-' ' ' V : The territoiy'between the Prath ‘ and the Dniester^ known since the early nineteenth centuzy as the province of Bessarabia, was; in the remote past inhabited by Scythians and, fijetaeo In the ihi±d century BaC0 the Dacians inhabited Bessarabia and the surrounding territory® When Babia became a Roman province:in 4®Bo 1075 Bessarabia was. also colonized ■ Follomng the-colonization^ a. new nation^ Roman=Dacias was formed^ with' a new people =- Daco-Romans or Romanians® "When the barbarian invasions began in AoD®'RTlg these Romanians were forced to retreat into the Carpathians where they found shelter and protection® After a thousand years of barbarian visitss in the thirteenth centuiy the Romanians emerged on the Dacian territory forming the principalities of Tran- sylvaniaa Ta'ba Romaheasca Or Basarabla^ and Moldavia® ' ; ; ' 1 , ; Jh 1812, following a series of: Russo-Turkish ^arsj . the Phanariote Prince Moruzii, in the service of the Russian s.# ceded the eastern part of Moldavia to Russia® This cession was an act of viola­ tion* for the Ottomans had pledged by treaties to respect the integrity of Moldavia and to defend Its. territory® Russia* on the- other hand* violated the international' law*: To her.* ^ treaties: were nothing, but scraps.of paper® This eastern Moldavian province* between the Prutli : ■ ' ; ... ■ ■ ■ : 2 ■ and the Dniesters which the Bussians named Bessarabia3 was destined to endore 106 years of Russian rule0 In spite of harsh methods of Russi~ • fications the Moldavians did not forget their Bomanian originj, and demonstrated their resentment to forced annexation by Bussiae When new ideas and political changes occurred in Bussias they affected equally the Moldavians in Bessarabia who struggled constantly to separate from Bussia and re-unite Bessarabia with Moldavia s of which it always formed an integral part® Bomahia's boundaries after World War I corresponded roughly to the area originally inhabited by the Setae or Daeig bounded on the north by the Carpathianss on the south by the Danube3 bn the west by : the Iheissg and on the east by the Dniester® As early as the third century B*C* Dacia's riches attracted numerous Bomanss and this period * • • - . ^ ' ■ also marks the beginning of DacQ-Roman history® Under its powerful king9 Burebista, wrote Professor Parvana the foremost. Romanian archaeologist^ the Dacian kingdom 1!included Bohemia and western Hungary as well as Bessarabia and Bulgaria^ but the Iran- sylvania Carpathians remained the basis of its power®15 Burebista appeared so formidable indeed that he executed fearful devastating raids b B eW® Deton-Watsoha J. History of the Bomanians from Roman limes to the Completion of. Unity (Londons Cambridge University Press7~i93E)s~ p® 1® Hereafter cited as.Seton=¥atson® Vaslle1Parvan9 Dacia (Cambridges Englandi The University Presss 192:8) s p® 2® See also Slexandre Boldurs La Bessarabie et les Relations Bus so-Roumaines (Pariss Eibrarie Universitaire 5 1927)V Po_ U9°~ Hereafter cited as Boldur® : . ■ b ■. ■ into the E © m n Empire and an expedition contemplated against him "by Julius Gaesar was only pre-rented, "by Gaesar3 s death© About the same time Bureblsta was murdered and Baeia entered: a period of deeliae / - until the time of Bseebalus^ who appeared to he the man destined to exeeute Burebista" s plan0 He united all the Baeians and threatened \ ■ : '■•■■■ 4 - - ;■' ■ ' , .. , 1 . ■'. • 1 .. the Baman Empires ' But after several inemrsions, in 89$ the Baeians were defeated at Tapae in their own ■ eountxys and Deoebalus received the crown from Bomitian as an aeknowledgement of Soman suzerainty^ Bacias how®ver5 remained independent; a faet shown by the E o m n purchase of irmminity from further Baciam-aids by a payment , , ■ . - ■ ' ' . ' ' / ' of ' an anrnial ■ tribiite© In spite of this nominal independence g Baeia v. ■ - 7 .. , ■ ■ , , . ■ ' . 1 : in effeet beeame. dependeato How,, long Becebalus endured sneh dependency5, even limited as it was®, ■is. shown by the. faet that he' fried to shake off Roman rule during ::the last years of Doirdtian and the short reigm of Merva* This attemptj, howevers was prematures for Marcus tilpius Traianus resolved to restore To Mommsem® The Provinees.. of the. Roman Ezapjre from. Gaesar to . Biocletiane'. Translated. hylWo^o /jDiehsom - (# w 3ork& Oharles, Scribner's ' \ Sonsg 190^)g.po l5o Hereafter cited as,.Momnis@nQ. - ' - ■i1>. ■ ; .■ - 'i Vl.,, ;;V ‘ - ; " ■ ■ 1 : ■ :■' H0 XorgaW A filhtory of Romania: Land0 People^ Givilizatiom* Translated from the.Seeond Enlarged Edition by Joseph IfcGahe (Londons To. fisher Unwd,na Ltdo j, 1925)s p» .;$%'*> Hereafter dited as. lorgao ' ■: ,: ■ .' ■ ^Tapae was' sltnated in' the region. today called 'B anat@ , %ommsena pp.o 237«4@0 . ■ - ; %et©n“¥a ts©%. p® f0 ': ' ; ■ ■ , : : \ ■ :. ; ./ ■' h-.' Roman prestige and popularity and to destroy the signs of weakness:the. result of the disgraceful tribute« He accomplished his designs in A.6D 0 ; ■ 8 ■ " . 101=102 and "returned to Rome to celebrate his triumph and to assume :• ' ■' 9 ■ : ‘ ' ' ' ■ . " the title of ©acicus®?f Ifeanwhile Decebalus .eontinued his struggle to attain complete independence3 a fact that determined Trajan to complete his design in ' 105-1Q7>• by amexing Dacia® Rather, than witness a Roman trixMphs Decebalus took his own li£e0 Trajan returned to Rome to be honored by the Roman Senate with a column chiseled with figures of the Dacian ' 1 1 ' ■ . •' . " Wars. which still exists0 X2 After Trajan annexed Dacia^ including Bessarabia^ he colonized . ■ . - 1J - ; R ■ y : ' ’ ' ■■ ' ' ' - , . ' ’ '■ ; and reorganized it^ and a period of six decades was crowned with peace ®Trajan occupied Sarmisegetusa but did not annex Dacia5 and Decebalus.still retained his crown and only received Roman advisers and ■ a Roman garrison^ .