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Subterranean Warfare: a New-Old Challenge
Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge Yiftah S. Shapir and Gal Perel Subterranean warfare is not new in human history. Tunnels, which have been dug in all periods for various purposes, have usually been the weapon of the weak against the strong and used for concealment. The time required to dig tunnels means that they can be an important tool for local residents against an enemy army unfamiliar with the terrain. Tunnels used for concealment purposes (defensive tunnels) can be distinguished from tunnels used as a route for moving from one place to another. The latter include smuggling tunnels used to smuggle goods past borders (as in the Gaza Strip), escape routes from prisons or detention camps, offensive tunnels to move forces behind enemy lines, and booby-trapped tunnels planted with explosives !"#$%#!#&'%()*+,+-+#.%/)%-)*-+*% .#"%0'%1)&).23 Operation Protective Edge sharpened awareness of the strategic threat posed by subterranean warfare. The IDF encountered the tunnel threat long ago, and took action to attempt to cope with this threat, but the scope of -4#%54#!6&#!6!7%).%0#*)&#%)55)$#!-%+!%8 ,'9: ; .-%<=>?7%@).%56$-$)'#"% as a strategic shock, if not a complete surprise, requiring comprehensive reorganization to handle the problem. Some critics argued that an investigative commission was necessary to search for the roots of the failure and punish those to blame for it. This article will review subterranean warfare before and during Operation Protective Edge, and will assess the strategic effects of this mode of warfare. !"#$%&#'()#*+,-"../0"/0#1/.2/." A 0-#$$)!#)!%@)$()$#%4).%)55#)$#"%&)!'%-+&#.%+!%-4#%:$)09B.$)#,+%*6!-#C-7% and the IDF and the Ministry of Defense have dealt with various aspects of the phenomenon of subterranean warfare for many years. -
הרפואה הצבאית Association - Journal of Israeli Military Medicine
ההסתדרות הרפואית בישראל Israeli Medical הרפואה הצבאית Association - Journal of Israeli Military Medicine Journal of Israeli Military Medicine Vol. 14, No.1 (35), APRIL 2017 | ISSN 1565-8287 כרך 14, חוב' מס' 1 )35( ניסן-אייר תשע"ז, אפריל ISSN 1565-8287 | 2017 כרך 14 , חוב' מס' 1 ( 35 ( ניסן-אייר תשע"ז 2017 Vol. 14, NO.1 (35), APRIL Vol. 23 18 13 8 8 13 18 23 Stab Injuries Associated IDF’s Central Command Injuries and Treatment פיגועי דקירה נגד חיילים מיפוי הפציעות והמענה נפגעי צה"ל וכוחות הביטחון הערכות מתאמנים לשלושה Trainees Perception במרחב אוגדת יהודה הרפואי על פני שישה חודשים בפיגועי טרור במתווה דריסה מודלים של אימוני סימולציה with Terror Activity Medical Corps Experience of IDF Casualties of of Three Models Targeting Soldiers in from 6 Months of Terroristic ושומרון )אוקטובר 2015 - מרס 2016(, ביהודה ושומרון - השוואת לצוותי רפואה לטיפול Vehicle Ramming Terror of Trauma Patient נועם בן-יוסף ואח' בתקופה של טרור מתמשך נתוני ההיפגעות עם נתוני בפצועי טראומה - the Central Command Activity (October 2015 Attacks in The West Treatment Training בגזרת פיקוד המרכז הנפגעים בתאונות דרכים עדי לייבה, סער מנחה ואח' N. Ben-Yosef et al. .March 2016) Bank - Comparison to A. Leiba, S. Minha et al סער מנחה ואח' ונפגעי פח"ע במנגנונים אחרים S. Minha et al. Pedestrians Injured in קרן זילכה ואח' Road Accidents and to Casualties of Other Terror Mechanisms K. Zilka et al. ההסתדרות .(Special Edition Analyzing “Godel HaSha`ah” (Terror Wave 2015-2016 גיליון זה מיוחד לאירועי הטרור "גודל השעה" )2016-2015(. הרפואית בישראל Editor: COL Dr Hagay Frenkel, Chief Medical -
Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: an Annotated Bibliography by R
Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography by R. Lee Hadden Topographic Engineering Center November 2005 US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Alexandria, VA 22315-3864 Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels In Afghanistan Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE 30-11- 2. REPORT TYPE Bibliography 3. DATES COVERED 1830-2005 2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER “Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats and Tunnels 5b. GRANT NUMBER In Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography” 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER HADDEN, Robert Lee 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Topographic Alexandria, VA 22315- Engineering Center 3864 9.ATTN SPONSORING CEERD / MONITORINGTO I AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. -
Subterranean Warfare 2015-2020
2015 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies Homeland Security Research Corp. Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies – 2015 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies August 2015 Homeland Security Research Corp. (HSRC) is an international market and technology research firm specializing in the Homeland Security (HLS) & Public Safety (PS) Industry. HSRC provides premium market reports on present and emerging technologies and industry expertise, enabling global clients to gain time-critical insight into business opportunities. HSRC’s clients include U.S. Congress, DHS, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, NATO, DOD, DOT, GAO, and EU, among others; as well as HLS & PS government agencies in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Israel, Canada, UK, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Finland, Singapore. With over 750 private sector clients (72% repeat customers), including major defense and security contractors, and Fortune 500 companies, HSRC earned the reputation as the industry’s Gold Standard for HLS & PS market reports. Washington D.C. 20004, 601 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Suite 900, Tel: 202-455-0966, [email protected], www.homelandsecurityresearch.com Copyright © 2015 HSRC. All rights reserved | Copy #2015-081015-4 | 2 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies – 2015 Table of Contents 1 Subterranean Warfare Robots Technologies & Global Market – 2015-2020 ................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Subterranean Warfare ................................................................ 4 1.2 Subterranean Warfare Robots Technologies ............................ -
The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten: Publications nn Banks, I. (2014) Digging in the dark: the underground war on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3). pp. 156-178. Copyright © 2014 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/102030/ Deposited on: 29 January 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Digging in the Dark: The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI Iain Banks Centre for Battlefield Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK Abstract Throughout the First World War, with the trenches largely static, the combatants tried to break the deadlock by tunnelling under one another’s trenches. The Tunnelling Companies of the British Royal Engineers were engaged in a bitter struggle against German Pioneers that left both sides with heavy casualties. A project to determine the location of one particular act of heroism in that underground war has resulted in the erection of a monument to the Tunnellers at Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée in northern France. Keywords: Tunnelling Companies; Royal Engineers; William Hackett; Tunnellers’ Memorial; mine warfare Introduction The war that raged from 1914 to 1918 is characterised in the popular imagination in terms of trenches, mud and shellfire. -
Tunnel Operations in the Israel Defense Forces: Adapting The
Original Manuscript Armed Forces & Society 1-21 ª The Author(s) 2020 Tunnel Operations in the Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0095327X20924040 Israel Defense Forces: journals.sagepub.com/home/afs Adapting the Warrior Ethos to Post-Heroic Conflict Nehemia Stern1 , Uzi Ben-Shalom1, Niv Gold2, Corinne Berger1, Avishai Antonovsky3, and Dvir Peleg1 Abstract This study presents an empirically grounded account of tunnel combat operations in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) within the context of “post-heroic” warfare. Cur- rent scholarship on “post-heroism” has viewed the technological and professional standards of contemporary military conflicts as distancing the individual combatant from the modern battlefield. Little attention has been given however to the ways in which soldiers themselves experience and adapt to post-heroic conditions. Findings based on in-depth semistructured interviews with 17 IDF tunnel combatants show these soldiers actively reinterpreting the strategic importance placed on distancing the warrior from the battlefield. This exploratory article suggests that an individual “warrior ethos” still resonates amid the professional and technological contours of post-heroic (underground) conflicts. By presenting a novel account of contemporary tunnel warfare from the perspective of the combatants themselves, this research sheds new light on the different personal dimensions that impact post-heroic military operations. 1 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Israel 2 Clinical Branch, Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel 3 Mental Fitness Branch, Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Corresponding Author: Nehemia Stern, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel. -
Marine Corps Engineer Association History
Photo from National Archives MARINEMARINE CORPSCORPS ENGINEER ENGINEER ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION HISTORYHISTORY --201 20177 Engineers Up! - 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS WORLD WAR ONE BY PHIL MARTIN, MSGT(RET) 33 GATE GUARDIAN FOR MARINE CORPS ENGINEER 1312 SCHOOL RETURN OF THE TD 18 BY ROBIN GENTRY, COL(RET) MARINE CORPS ENGINEERS IN VIETNAM BY PHIL 1414 MARTIN, MSGT(RET) AND ROBIN GENTRY, COL(RET) SSGT RECKLESS: KOREAN WAR HERO EXCERPT 22 FROM NANCY LEE WHITE HOFFMAN’S 1992 22 LEATHERNECK ARTICLE FIRST COMBAT ENGINEERS COMMAND 24 24 CHRONOLOGY SECOND COMBAT ENGINEERS COMMAND 31 CHRONOLOGY 31 THIRD COMBAT ENGINEERS COMMAND 37 CHRONOLOGY 37 2 - Engineers Up! 2 WORLD WAR ONE BY PHIL MARTIN, MSGT(RET) Photo from National Archives THE BEGINNINGS It is believed that early man discovered fire, when lightning hit a bog full of moss. This prehistoric man kept the fire going by piling up the moss for cooking and warmth. As man evolved, he invented hunting tools to kill animals, such as the Woolly Mammoth and other fur bearing animals for their skins to make clothes and their meat for food. Roving bands of people attempted to barter for the things they needed or sometimes took the materials they wanted by harming or killing the opposing party. Eventually, mankind learned to cultivate crops allowing him to settle in farms to provide food for his family. With these beginnings of civilization, leaders and councils were picked to organize communities and make decisions for the betterment of the citizenry. The leaders formed governments and declared certain regions for themselves; forming kingdoms, granting councils the ability to make laws, and enforce regulations. -
Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic
0/-*/&4637&: *ODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI6OHMVFJU XFIBWFTFUVQBTVSWFZ POMZUFORVFTUJPOT UP MFBSONPSFBCPVUIPXPQFOBDDFTTFCPPLTBSFEJTDPWFSFEBOEVTFE 8FSFBMMZWBMVFZPVSQBSUJDJQBUJPOQMFBTFUBLFQBSU $-*$,)&3& "OFMFDUSPOJDWFSTJPOPGUIJTCPPLJTGSFFMZBWBJMBCMF UIBOLTUP UIFTVQQPSUPGMJCSBSJFTXPSLJOHXJUI,OPXMFEHF6OMBUDIFE ,6JTBDPMMBCPSBUJWFJOJUJBUJWFEFTJHOFEUPNBLFIJHIRVBMJUZ CPPLT0QFO"DDFTTGPSUIFQVCMJDHPPE Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Revised Pages Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic Heather L. Gumbert The University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © by Heather L. Gumbert 2014 All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (be- yond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid- free paper 2017 2016 2015 2014 5 4 3 2 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978– 0- 472– 11919– 6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978– 0- 472– 12002– 4 (e- book) Revised Pages For my parents Revised Pages Revised Pages Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 Cold War Signals: Television Technology in the GDR 14 2 Inventing Television Programming in the GDR 36 3 The Revolution Wasn’t Televised: Political Discipline Confronts Live Television in 1956 60 4 Mediating the Berlin Wall: Television in August 1961 81 5 Coercion and Consent in Television Broadcasting: The Consequences of August 1961 105 6 Reaching Consensus on Television 135 Conclusion 158 Notes 165 Bibliography 217 Index 231 Revised Pages Revised Pages Acknowledgments This work is the product of more years than I would like to admit. -
Introduction to Mine Clearing Technology
Introduction to Mine Clearing Technology ABSTRACT This paper presents the technologies and methods developed for mine clearing operations currently used by the military and humanitarian demining organisations. In any mine clearing operation, the operating environment and the type of threats are never the same. Thus, a single method or type of equipment rarely constitutes the most successful means of resolving the problem in terms of time, cost and effectiveness; a combination of tools is more commonly employed to ensure a successful mine clearing mission. This paper aims to give an introduction to and appreciation of the key mine clearing methods and equipment, and the key differences and considerations for military and humanitarian operations. The common methods of demining such as manual demining, explosive mine breaching and mechanical demining will be discussed. The design considerations for mine flails on mine clearing vehicles will also be presented. Tan Chun Gary Wong Hock Lye Bryan Soh Chee Weng Introduction to Mine Clearing 118 Technology Despite the initial development of mine INTRODUCTION clearing concepts as a form of countermeasure against mines during wartime, the real need History of Mines for mine clearing usually begins after the end of hostilities. This is attributed to the very Mines, derived from the Latin word ‘Mina’ nature of why mines were laid in the first place meaning ‘vein of ore’ was originally used to – to deter access to and use of land. Mines laid describe the digging of minerals from the during conflicts are rarely removed at the end earth. Over time, it has become a term used of the conflicts due to the lack of proper mine by military engineers to denote the explosives maps, markings, loss of such maps and markings they lay in the ground during battles. -
Fm 3-34.170/Mcwp 3-17.4 (Fm 5-170)
FM 3-34.170/MCWP 3-17.4 (FM 5-170) ENGINEER RECONNAISSANCE March 2008 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online <www.us.army.mil> and General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library at <http://www.train.army.mil>. *FM 3-34.170/MCWP 3-17.4 (FM 5-170) Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-34.170/MCWP 3-17.4 (5-170) Department of the Army Washington, DC, 25 March 2008 Engineer Reconnaissance Contents Page PREFACE ............................................................................................................vii INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................ix Chapter 1 ENGINEER RECONNAISSANCE ..................................................................... 1-1 Engineer Functions............................................................................................. 1-1 Army Warfighting Functions ............................................................................... 1-3 Engineer Reconnaissance ................................................................................. 1-4 Engineer Reconnaissance Team Capabilities and Limitations.......................... 1-9 Chapter 2 INTEGRATING ENGINEER RECONNAISSANCE CAPABILITIES ................. 2-1 Enabling Information Superiority ........................................................................ 2-1 Integrating Assured Mobility -
ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations
ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations 129(0%(5 2019 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ATP 3-21.51, dated 21 February 2018. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard) *ATP 3-21.51 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 3-21.51 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 1RYHPEHr 2019 Subterranean Operations Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 1-1 Attributes of a Subterranean System ........................................................................ 1-1 Functionality of Subterranean Structures .................................................................. 1-1 Subterranean Threats, Hazards, and Risks .............................................................. 1-2 Denial and Deception ................................................................................................ 1-6 Categories of Subterranean Systems ....................................................................... 1-9 Construction of Subterranean Spaces and Structures ........................................... -
9 » Combined Arms Breaching^Qperations
^°: 13 -1 ¿¡s 9 ^í? ô » J_. klS-1 Combined Arms Breaching^Qperations HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ¿?2&°n"ÍS S*** 00 ' X>3l0-t'£050 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. m FM 90-13-1 Cl CHANGE HEADQUARTERS NO. 1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 7 May 1993 COMBINED ARMS BREACHING OPERATIONS 1. Change FM 90-13-1, 28 February 1991, as follows: Remove old pages Insert new pages iii and iv iii and iv Appendices pages D-l through D-15 and E-l through E-16 Glossary-1 through Glossary-10 Glossary-1 through Glossary-12 Reference-1 Reference-1 and Reference-2 Index-1 through Index-4 Index-1 through Index-4 2. A star (★) marks new or changed material. 3. File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication. DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. By Order of the Secretary of the Army: GORDON R. SULLIVAN General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: vLJfcr MILTON H. HAMILTON Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army 03652 Pentagon i.ihrer y (ANR-FL) ATTN: i/'üi'T imerits SsctiO® Room l/\hlo, rOntagon Washington. DC 20310-6050 DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, USAR, and ARNG: To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-11-E, requirements for FM 90-13-1, Combined Arms Breaching Operations (Qty rqr block no. 5012). I % Field Manual 90-13-1 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 28 February 1991 Combined Arms Breaching Operations Contents PREFACE iv CHAPTER 1. CHALLENGE TO MANEUVER 1-1 CHAPTER 2.