ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Andrés Arias (Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain) Pilar Ríos (Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Gijón, Spain) Javier Cristobo (IEO, Gijón, Spain) José Luis Acuña (Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain) Almudena Álvarez (DG Pesca Marítima, Principado de Asturias, Spain) María Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza (Universidad de Málaga, Spain)

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Andrés Arias

Pilar Ríos

Javier Cristobo

Hannelore Paxton (Macquarie University, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI))

José Luis Acuña

Sarah A. Woodin (University of South Carolina, USA)

David S. Wethey (University of South Carolina, USA)

Stanislas F. Dubois (IFREMER, France)

Lucía García-Flórez (DGPM, Principado de Asturias, Spain)

Yaisel J. Borrell (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain)

Santiago Parra (IEO, A Coruña, Spain)

Pablo Abaunza (IEO, Santander, Spain)

Alberto Serrano (IEO, Santander, Spain)

Francisco Sánchez (IEO, Santander, Spain)

María Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza

José Manuel Guerra (Universidad de Sevilla, Spain)

Ana Riesgo (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain)

Sergi Taboada (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain)

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PROCEEDINGS - EDITORS

Andrés Arias Pilar Ríos Hannelore Paxton Omar Sánchez (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain) José Luis Acuña Almudena Álvarez María Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza Javier Cristobo Composed & Designed by the Editors

DEPÓSITO LEGAL AS 01237-2021 ISBN 978-84-18482-20-5

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

BACKGROUND ...... 10

PROGRAMME ...... 12

INVITED SPEAKERS ...... 20

Sarah A. Woodin & David S. Wethey short biography ...... 20

Climate Change and Drivers of Ecosystem Function and Aquaculture in the Bay of Biscay...... 21

José M. Guerra-García short biography ...... 22

A promising method to study the diet of small marine invertebrates ...... 23

Ana Riesgo short biography ...... 24

Molecular ecology of keystone species in VMEs to support conservation strategies...... 25

ABSTRACTS ...... 26

1. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function ...... 26

1.1 Application of focus stacking in benthic fauna identification...... 27

1.2 Circareef/Circatax project: Biodiversity and structure of rocky circalittoral habitats on the Basque coast (South of the Bay of Biscay) ...... 28

1.3 Cockle as second intermediate host of trematode parasites: consequences on sediment bioturbation and nutrient fluxes across the benthic interface...... 29

1.4 Detecting climate regime shifts and biodiversity redistribution in the Bay of Biscay with GAMMs ...... 30

1.5 Soft-bottom macroinfaunal community structure and biodiversity patterns in the continental shelf, canyons and pock-mark fields in the south-eastern Bay of Biscay at a range of depths of 97-1476 m ...... 31

1.6 New records of deep-sea anthozoans (Cnidaria) for the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), collected during ECOMARG, INDEMARES and INTEMARES expeditions ...... 32

1.7 Diversity and distribution of bivalve molluscs in the central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay)...... 33

ISOBAY 17, 2021 3 of 143

1.8 Functional costs of arm autotomy on the locomotion of stellate echinoderms: two different outcomes of two dis- tinct modes of locomotion ...... 34

1.9 Demersal and epibenthic communities of sedimentary habitats in the Avilés Canyon System, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic). Environmental factors determining faunal assemblages ...... 35

1.10 Using multiparametric observatory for assessing patterns of animal behavior in relation with water dynamics in El Cachucho MPA (Cantabrian Sea) ...... 36

1.11 Automatic echotrace classification of pelagic species in the Bay of Biscay...... 37

1.12 Study of the communities of a complex circalittoral rocky shelf in the Cantabrian Sea (Southern Bay of Biscay) ...... 38

1.13 Hard-bottom bathyal species associated to Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (Porifera, Hexactinellida) ...... 39

1.14 Do wastewater treatment plant discharges drive rocky subtidal community shifts? A case study ...... 40

1.15 Ecological traits identification of recent space-time changes in demersal communities ...... 41

1.16 Diversity of echinoids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ IN-DEMARES) ...... 42

1.17 Diversity of asteroids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ IN-DEMARES) ...... 43

1.18 More than 60 years of studies on marine tardigrades in the Bay of Biscay. Past, present and future ...... 44

1.19 Mercury and emerging pollutants contamination in feathers of resident Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) in the southeastern of the Bay of Biscay ...... 45

1.20 Preliminary results of epifauna collected in the INTEMARES CAPBRETON Expeditions (2019-2020) ...... 46

1.21 Optimization of the use of biological traits susceptible to climate change and fishing pressure to characterize ecosystems vulnerability ...... 47

1.22 Deep learning supported high resolution mapping of vulnerable habitats. Its application to the rocky bottoms of the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay) ...... 48

1.23 Polychaete diversity from cold-water corals of the Central Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay) ...... 49

1.24 Seamounts, canyons and slope: the preference of a new stilipedid amphipod from the Bay of Biscay ...... 50

1.25 INTEMARES Capbreton Canyon System: an ecosystem multidisciplinary study ...... 51

1.26 New records of Bivalvia and Gastropoda (Mollusca) on the southern Bay of Biscay and Galicia Bank (NE Atlan- tic) ...... 52

1.27 The contribution of siliceous sponges to the silicon cycle of a diatom-rich shallow bay ...... 53

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1.28 Recent Brachiopod diversity and distribution from the central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay) ...... 54

1.29 Deep-learning approach to improve knowledge about a Cold Water Coral Reef in the La Gaviera Canyon (Bay of Biscay) ...... 55

1.30 New records of Calanticidae (Cirripedia: Calanticomorpha) in the southern Bay of Biscay ...... 56

1.31 Hybrid modeling of Gelidium corneum distribution in a changing environment: Experimental characterization of its vegetative propagation capacity ...... 57

1.32 Bioaccumulation of total mercury and methylmercury in a deep-sea fish assemblage ...... 58

1.33 Life history and reproductive traits of the eastern North Atlantic deep-sea quillworm Hyalinoecia robusta (An- nelida: Onuphidae)...... 59

1.34 The role of prey and environment in driving decadal spatio-temporal patterns of a highly mobile top predator ...... 60

1.35 Historic collection of sponges from the Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico (MMC): 1893-1912 ...... 61

1.36 Aviles Canyon System: Increasing the biodiversity knowledge ...... 62

1.37 The substrate matters. The strategy of seeking a settlement in the Cantabrian deep Sea ...... 63

1.38 Sea Bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) and deep-water corals in the Bay of Biscay: Chronicle of a Foretold Death? ...... 64

2. Marine Geology ...... 65

2.1 Channels hierarchy classification in the Avilés Canyon System...... 66

3. Biological, Chemical and Physical Oceanography ...... 67

3.1 Organic carbon burial in the West Gironde Mud Patch sediments (Bay of Biscay) ...... 68

3.2 Long-term observations of water column stratification on the Amorican Shelf using ARVOR-C profiling floats...... 69

3.3 Increase of extreme wave events and impact in beach erosion in the Basque coast ...... 70

3.4 Impact of sediment on macroalgal blooms on mudflats in Brittany ...... 71

3.5 Characterization of marine heatwaves in the Asturian coast, SW Bay of Biscay ...... 72

3.6 Recent freshening and cooling of Biscay subsurface waters ...... 73

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3.7 Investigating sediment budgets on a continental shelf sub-tidal mud patch under estuarine influence: a numeri- cal modelling analysis ...... 74

4. Threatened Marine Ecosystems and Endangered Species ...... 75

4.1 ODATIS: the gateway to French open ocean and coastal data ...... 76

4.2 Identifying potential habitats of a locally overexploited species: case study of the blackspot seabream in the Bay of Biscay ...... 77

4.3 Measurement methods to quantify habitat forming species using video-transect: the case of the deep-sea sponge Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 ...... 78

5. Exploitation, Management and Conservation of Marine Resources ...... 79

5.1 Future trajectories of marine resources of the Bay of Biscay under impacts of fishing and ocean warming ...... 80

5.2 Do biological characteristics of Manila clam claim for a possible revision of the minimum catch/harvest size in Arcachon Bay? ...... 81

5.3 This is what we know: assessing the stock status of the data-poor common sole in the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion ...... 82

5.4 Can we trust commercial landings data to identify essential habitats of harvested fish? ...... 83

5.5 Assessment of the Impact of the Set Gillnet on the Seabed Habitats ...... 84

5.6 A comparison of extraction methods in the collection of ocle (Gelidium corneum) along the Asturian coast and their influence on the sustainability of the resource...... 85

5.7 Study of the life traits of demersal fish in Atlantic Iberian waters ...... 86

5.8 Testing Surplus production models sensitivity: a case study for ASPIC and SPiCT ...... 87

5.9 Spatio-temporal variability of the first sale price of target species of the southern Bay of Biscay ...... 88

5.10 Going beyond the otolith bubble: Fin spine oxygen isotopes (δ18O) as a proxy for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) movements ...... 89

5.11 Seasonality in the condition of megrim and its somatic growth in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters ...... 90

5.12 Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea...... 91

5.13 The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes elongated morphology: no evidence for epigenetic variation ...... 92

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5.14 On the presence of a giant polychaete species in NW Iberian ...... 93

5.15 Purse-seine fishery - its importance in Portugal ...... 94

5.16 Red mullet abundance in the Bay of Biscay: main drivers and spatio-temporal dynamics ...... 95

5.17 iFADO project: contribution to the implementation of the MSFD in the Atlantic Area through modeling and in situ monitoring approaches ...... 96

5.18 Establishment of an integrated marine observing system in an offshore aquaculture site to monitor, study and predict the occurrence of marine biotoxins and shellfish poisoning events ...... 97

5.19 Predation on juveniles of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus ...... 98

5.20 Feasibility of the release of hatchery sea urchin juveniles as a tool to improve the natural stocks ...... 99

5.21 Assesing antropogenic pressure index for the management of marine ecosystem ...... 100

5.22 Applying length-based assessment methods to fishery re-sources of the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecore- gion: stock status and parameter sensitivity ...... 101

5.23 Littoral Guardians: European Program “Coastwatch” in Asturias ...... 102

5.24 Advances in the study on sexual maturity of chub mackerel (Scomber colias) in the Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters ...... 103

6. Water Quality ...... 104

6.1 Summer hypoxia in a small estuary of the French Atlantic coast (the Charente): findings from high-frequency and long-term surveys ...... 105

6.2 Setting boundaries of nutrients quality status classes in transitional and coastal waters of the southeastern Bay of Biscay, under the European Water Framework Directive ...... 106

6.3 Tributyltin compound evolution in Bidasoa (SE Bay of Biscay) transboundary estuarine waters ...... 107

6.4 Antibiotics in the Basque coast (North Spain): occurrence and risk assessment for a better water monitoring and management ...... 108

6.5 Toward the assessment of the chemical status for metals in transitional and coastal waters within the EU Water Framework Directive using Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) ...... 109

6.6 An assessment of metal(oid)s in mussel tissues along the Asturian Coast (Bay of Biscay, Spain)...... 111

7. Blue Biotechnology and Marine Genetic Resources ...... 112

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7.1 Variability of growth, protein content and fatty acids of Ulva rigida under different culture conditions ...... 113

7.2 Genetic monitoring of the declining European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from the central Bay of Biscay (As- turias, NW Spain) and attempts to restore its wild populations ...... 114

7.3 Chaotic genetic patchiness in the highly valued Atlantic stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes from the Iberia Pen- insula: implications for fisheries management ...... 115

8. Invasive Species and Anthropogenic Pressure ...... 117

8.1 Building on gAMBI in ports for a challenging biological invasions scenario: Blue-gNIS as a proof of concept… ...... 118

8.2 Changes in the abundance and distribution of non-indigenous macroalgae after seven years. Growing pains in the intertidal...... 119

8.3 Microplastic contamination of the ecosystem and sea products. Arplastic: a case study of the Arcachon Bay…...... 120

8.4 Application of risk-based approach to non-indigenous species in the Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast, and in Macaronesia ...... 121

8.5 Multistressor driven shifts in demersal ecosystems ...... 122

8.6 First record of Plicopurpura patula (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in European waters: new evidence to the ‘tropicaliza- tion’ of the Bay of Biscay or human assisted arrival? ...... 123

8.7 Does nutrient enrichment interact with a physical disturbance in the sediment and plant responses in a Zostera noltei meadow? ...... 124

8.8 Detection and prevention of biological invasions in marinas and ports: Epibionts and associated fauna of Mytilus galloprovincialis revisited...... 125

9. Science-Policy Communication, Governance, Adaptive Management and Education ...... 126

9.1 Nature-Based solutions in the Basque coast: Capitalization on Restoration, Marine Protected Areas and Sustain- able fishing approaches...... 127

9.2 Testing fishery essentiality as a tool to manage some artisanal fisheries under data poor conditions ...... 128

9.3 Knowing the bristle worms (Annelida, polychaetes) from the Cantabrian Sea: an experience with Primary School students ...... 129

9.4 Surveys as a tool for evaluating public knowledge and attitudes on cetacean conservation ...... 130

ISOBAY 17, 2021 8 of 143

9.5 Poaching in the European Stalked Barnacle fishery: Insights from a BiodivERsA international stakeholder work- shop (Cudillero 2020) ...... 131

10. Coastal Development and Engineering ...... 132

10.1 Development of new image analysis methods for quantifying the reef surface built by an engineer polychaete species, Sabellaria alveolata...... 133

10.2 A socio-economic assessment of the sea-level rise on the Basque Coast municipalities (NW coast of Spain) due to the climate change ...... 134

10.3 Developing a Bayesian network for storm impact assessment on the Grande Plage de Biarritz based on obser- vational data and statistical model...... 135

10.4 Modelling the morphological response of the Oka estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) to climate change ...... 136

AUTHOR INDEX ...... 137

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BACKGROUND

Isobay 17 –Virtual Event (1 – 4 June 2021) – Gijón (Spain).

In this edition, the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17) has evolved as a virtual event to face to global sanitary crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. This new modality has provided it high flexibility to reach the greatest number of attendees with faster turnaround and broader reach.

ISOBAY 17 is organized by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), the University of Oviedo (UNIOVI) and the Dirección General de Pesca Marítima (DGPM) of the Asturias Principality. It is our pleasure to render tribute to the ‘First Workshop on Cantabrian Sea Oceanography’, celebrated in the University of Oviedo from the third to fifth October 1988. This little workshop brought together a small group of scientists from Galicia, Asturias, the Basque Country and Catalonia, and planted the seed that would later become the ISOBAY International Symposium. Researchers at the workshop documented, for the first time, the Navidad slope current and its ecological impacts. This current spans the whole Bay of Biscay and represents a good example of the type of oceanographic linkages that justify a regional congress like ISOBAY. This initial event also reported the widespread occurrence of deep coral outcrops in the Avilés Canyon System, when Spain was a brand-new member of the European Union. Today, those fascinating systems are protected by the Natura 2000 European Network of Marine Protected Areas. It is a joy to see how that initial seed has evolved into a vibrant, international congress that keeps up the spirit of that pioneering work while bringing to the arena the fantastic challenges of the XXI Century.

This Symposium also would like to pay a special tribute to the memory of Dr. Jean Claude Sorbe. He passed away last year but we strongly believe that we need to remember him as one of the initiators and the major promoters of ISOBAY. He participated in almost all ISOBAY symposia. Furthermore, he was, together with Jean Marie Jouanneau, one of the organizers of the third event of this symposium in 1992 from Arcachon (France). Our dear colleague and friend has been present during the congress’ week, thanks to the exhibition of a video in memorial, and the awards for the best communication that have borne his name.

Since 2021 belongs to the Decade on Biodiversity declared by The United Nations, it makes sense that the main issue of the XVII ISOBAY is devoted to the “Exploration, management and conservation of Marine Biodiversity in the Bay of Biscay». This conference represents a multidisciplinary forum to present the state of art in marine research at the Bay of Biscay, covering the open ocean, the deepsea, its coastal zone, and its transitional waters (estuaries, lagoons and deltas). ISOBAY 17 has brought together a community of researchers, educators and practitioners to provide an integrated perspective on the Bay of Biscay. Also, ISOBAY 17 has been an excellent opportunity for both early career and senior researchers to meet and network with many other researchers interested in the study of the Bay of Biscay.

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ISOBAY 17 has addressed the broad topics listed below, covering the diversity of threats and opportunities faced by the marine environment of the Bay of Biscay and the people it supports. The scientific program includes more than one hundred oral and panel communications embedded in ten topics:

• Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. • Marine Geology. • Biological, Chemical and Physical Oceanography. • Threatened Marine Ecosystems and Endangered Species. • Exploitation, Management and Conservation of Marine Resources. • Water Quality. • Blue Biotechnology and Marine Genetic Resources. • Invasive Species and Anthropogenic Pressure. • Science-Policy Communication, Governance, Adaptive Management and Education. • Coastal Development and Engineering.

Faculty of Geology and former location of the Department of Organisms and Systems Biology of the University of Oviedo where the I Workshop of ‘Oceanografía del Cantábrico’ was held (Images adapted from the ‘libro conmemorativo de los 50 años de la Facultad de Geología de Oviedo’)

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PROGRAMME

TUESDAY, JUNE 1ST 10:00 – 10:15 WELCOME ADDRESS: TRIBUTE TO JEAN CLAUDE SORBE Javier Cristobo (IEO), Andrés Arias (UNIOVI), Almudena Álvarez (DGPM)

Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function CHAIRPERSONS: Andrés Arias - Javier Cristobo

10:15-10:30 More than 60 years of studies about marine tardigrades in the Bay of Biscay. Past, present and future (Marcos Rubal et al.)

10:30-10:45 Soft-bottom macrofaunal community structure and biodiversity patterns in the continental shelf, canyons and pockmark fields in the southeastern Bay of Biscay at a range of depths of 97-1476 m (Germán Rodríguez et al.)

10:45-11:00 Cockle as second intermediate host of trematode parasites: consequences on sediment bioturbation and nutrient fluxes across the benthic interface (Anais Richard et al.)

11:00-11:15 Demersal and epibenthic communities of sedimentary habitats in the Avilés Canyon System, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic). Environmental factors determining faunal assemblages (Larissa Modica et al.)

11:15-11:30 Detecting climate regime shifts and biodiversity redistribution in the Bay of Biscay with GAMMs (Guil- lem Chust et al.)

11:35-11:40 POSTER SESSION

• Circareef / Circatax project: Biodiversity and structure of rocky circalittoral habitats on the Basque coast (South of the Bay of Biscay) (Marie Noelle de Casamajor et al.) • New records of deep-sea anthozoans (Cnidaria) for the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), collected during ECOMARG, INDEMARES and INTEMARES expeditions (Álvaro Altuna & Pilar Ríos) • Diversity of Echinoids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ INDEMARES) (Laura Mª García-Guillén et al.) • Polychaete diversity from cold-water corals of the Central Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay) (Esteban Pascual-Parra & Andrés Arias) • New records of Calanticidae (Cirripedia Calanticomorpha) on the southern Bay of Biscay (Teo P. Ibarrola et al.) • HARD-bottom bathyal species Associated TO Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (PORIFERA, HEXACTINELLIDA) (Marcos González-Porto et al.)

ISOBAY 17, 2021 12 of 143

11:40-11:50 BREAK (Projection video expedition SponGES0617)

11:50-12:05 The contribution of siliceous sponges to the silicon cycle of a diatom-rich shallow bay (María López- Acosta et al.)

12:05-12:20 Using multiparametric observatory for assessing patterns of animal behavior in relation with water dy- namics in El Cachucho MPA (Cantabrian Sea) (Cristina Rodríguez-Cabello et al.)

12:20-12:35 Automatic echotrace classification of pelagic species in the Bay of Biscay (Aitor Lekanda et al.)

12:35-12:50 Multistressor driven shifts in demersal ecosystems (Julia Polo-Sainz et al.)

12:50-13:05 Study of the communities of a complex circalitoral rocky shelf in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay) (Augusto Rodríguez-Basalo et al.)

13:10-13:15 POSTER SESSION

• Recent Brachiopod diversity and distribution from the Central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay) (Nuria Anadón et al.) • Diversity of Asteroids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ INDEMARES) (Laura Mª García-Guillén et al.) • The substrate matters. The strategy of seeking a settlement in the deep Cantabrian Sea (Cristina Boza et al.) • New records of Bivalvia and Gastropoda (Mollusca) in the southern Bay of Biscay and Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic) (Teo P. Ibarrola et al.)

13:15-14:15 LUNCH (Projection video Buenas prácticas de manipulación a bordo de buques pesqueros- Good prac- tices on board fishing vessels)

14:15-14:30 Deep learning supported high-resolution mapping of vulnerable habitats. Its application to the rocky bottoms of the Cap Breton canyon (Bay of Biscay) (Alberto Abad-Uribarren et al.)

14:30-14:45 The role of prey and environment in driving decadal spatio-temporal patterns of a highly mobile top predator (Amaia Astarloa et al.)

14:45-14:50 POSTER SESSION

• Historic collection of sponges from the Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico (MMC): 1893-1912 (Pi- lar Ríos et al.) • INTEMARES Capbreton Canyon System: an ecosystem multidisciplinary study (María Gómez- Ballesteros et al.) • Preliminary results of epifauna collected in the INTEMARES CAPBRETON Expeditions (2019- 2020) (Pilar Ríos et al.)

ISOBAY 17, 2021 13 of 143

• Application of focus stacking in benthic fauna identification (Alejandra Calvo-Díaz et al.) • Deep-learning approach to improve knowledge about Cold Water Coral Reef in La Gaviera Canyon (Bay of Biscay) (Elena Prado et al.)

15:00-16:00 INVITED SPEAKERS: Sarah A. Woodin & David S. Wethey

Stressors and ecosystem engineers and aquaculture

ND WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2

Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function CHAIRPERSONS: Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza– Santiago Parra– Alberto Serrano– Sergio Taboada

10:00 –10:15 Aviles Canyon System (SCI): Increasing the biodiversity knowledge (Javier Cristobo et al.) 10:15 -10:30 Life history and reproductive traits of the eastern North Atlantic deep-sea quillworm Hyalinoecia robusta (Annelida: Onuphidae) (Andrés Arias & Hannelore Paxton.) 10:30-10:45 Hybrid modeling of Gelidium corneum distribution in a changing environment: Experimental characterization of its vegetative propagation capacity (Samuel Sainz-Villegas et al.) 10:45-11:00 Diversity and distribution of the bivalve molluscs in the Central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay) (Ricardo López Alonso et al.) 11:00-11:05 POSTER SESSION

• Optimization of the use of biological traits susceptible to climate change and fishing pressure to characterize ecosystems vulnerability (Marta Sainz-Bariain et al.) • Functional costs of arm autotomy on the locomotion of stellate echinoderms: two different outcomes of two distinct modes of locomotion (Irene Fernández-Rodríguez et al.) • Do wastewater treatment plant discharges drive rocky subtidal community shifts? A case study (Laura Huguenin et al.) • Mercury and emerging pollutants contamination in feathers of resident Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) in the southeastern Bay of Biscay (Emilie Milon et al.) • Bioaccumulation of total mercury and methylmercury in a deep-sea fish assemblage (Sonia Romero-Romero et al.)

SPEED-TALKS - ALL SESSIONS 11:05-11:10 Seamounts, canyons and slope: the preference of a new stilipedid amphipod for the Bay of Biscay (Inmaculada Frutos & Jean Claude Sorbe) 11:10-11:15 Sea Bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) fishery and deep-water corals in the Bay of Biscay: Chronicle of a Death Foretold? (Raul Castro) 11:15-11:20 Recent freshening and cooling of Biscay subsurface waters (César González-Pola et al.)

ISOBAY 17, 2021 14 of 143

11:20-11:25 Seasonality in the condition of megrim and its somatic growth in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters (Jorge Landa et al.) 11:25-11:30 Assesing antropogenic pressure index for the management of marine ecosystem (Ulla Fernandez-Arcaya et al.) 11:30-11:35 First record of Plicopurpura patula (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in European waters: new evidence to the ‘tropicalization’ of the Bay of Biscay or human assisted arrival? (Omar Sánchez et al.)

11:35- 11:40 Poaching in the European Stalked Barnacle fishery: Insights from a BiodivERsA international stakeholder workshop (Cudillero 2020) (Katja J. Geiger et al.) 11:40-11:45 Study of the life traits of demersal fish in Atlantic Iberian waters (Davinia Lojo et al.) 11:45-11:50 Testing Surplus production models sensitivity: a case study for ASPIC and SPiCT (Anxo Paz et al.) 11:50-11:55 Genetic monitoring of the declining European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from the central Bay of Biscay (Asturias, NW Spain) and attempts to restore its wild populations (Marina Parrondo et al.) 11:55-12:05 BREAK (Projection video Lander Geodia - INTEMARES Capbreton 2020)

12:05-12:35 INVITED SPEAKERS: Jose Manuel Guerra

A new method to study the diet in small marine invertebrates: amphipods as study case.

12:35-12:45 POSTER SESSION

• Channels hierarchy classification in the Avilés Canyon System (Irene Díez et al.) • ODATIS: the gateway to French open ocean and coastal data (Sabine Schmidt et al.) • Summer hypoxia in a small estuary of the French Atlantic coast (the Charente): findings from high- frequency and long-term surveys (Sabine Schmidt & I.I. Diallo) • Environmental and anthropogenic driven transitions in demersal ecosystems (Julia Polo-Sainz et al.) • Detection and prevention of biological invasions in marinas and ports: Epibionts and associated fauna of Mytilus galloprovincialis revisited (Irene Fernández_Rodríguez et al.) • Knowing the bristle worms (Annelida, polychaetes) from the Cantabrian Sea: an experience with Primary School students (Miguel González et al.) • Variability of growth, protein content and fatty acids of Ulva rigida under different culture conditions (Rebeca Aduriz et al.)

Threatened Marine Ecosystems and Endangered Species CHAIRPERSONS: Jose Luis Acuña – Yaisel J. Borrell

12:45-13:00 Identifying potential habitats of a locally overexploited species: case study of the blackspot seabream in the Bay of Biscay (Lola De Cubber et al.) 13:00-13:15 Measurement methods to quantify habitat forming species using video-transect: the case of the deep-sea sponge Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (Laura Martín-García et al.)

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13:30-14:30 LUNCH

Biological, Chemical and Physical Oceanography CHAIRPERSONS: Jose Luis Acuña – Yaisel J. Borrell

14:30- 14:45 Organic carbon burial in the West Gironde Mud Patch sediments (Bay of Biscay) (Nicolas Dubosq et al.) 14:45- 15:00 Long-term observations of water column stratification on the Amorican Shelf using ARVOR-C profiling floats (Louis Marié et al.) 15:00- 15:15 Increase of extreme wave events and impact in beach erosion in the Basque coast (Roland Garnier et al.) 15:15-15:30 Impact of sediment on macroalgal blooms on mudflats in Brittany (Pierre Anschutz et al.) 15:30-15:45 Characterization of marine heatwaves on the Asturian coast, SW Bay of Biscay (Paula Izquierdo et al.) 15:45- 16:00 Investigating sediment budgets on a continental shelf subtidal mud patch under estuarine influence: a numerical modelling analysis (Melanie Diaz et al.)

THURSDAY, JUNE 3RD Exploitation, Management and Conservation of Marine Resources CHAIRPERSONS: Pablo Abaunza – Almudena Álvarez – Francisco Sánchez

10:00-10:15 Future trajectories of marine resources of the Bay of Biscay under impacts of fishing and ocean warming (Xavier Corrales et al.)

10:15-10:30 Assessment of the Impact of the Set Gillnet on the Seabed Habitats (Antonio Punzón et al.)

10:30-10:45 Can we trust commercial landings data to identify essential habitats of harvested fish? (Baptiste Alglave et al.)

10:45-11:00 Red mullet abundance in the Bay of Biscay: main drivers and spatio-temporal dynamics (Claire Kermorvant et al.)

11:00-11:15 Purse-seine fishery - its importance in Portugal (Diana Feijó & Alexandra Silva)

11:15-11:30 Do biological characteristics of Manila clam claim for a possible revision of the minimum catch/harvest size in Arcachon Bay? (Nathalie Caill-Milly et al.) 11:30-11:45 BREAK (Projection video The MPA El Cachucho) 11:45-11:55 POSTER SESSION

• This is what we know: assessing the stock status of the data-poor common sole in the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion (Grazia Pennino et al.) • Applying length-based assessment methods to fishery resources of the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion: stock status and parameter sensitivity (Marta Cousido-Rocha et al.) • Spatio-temporal variability of the first sale price of target species of the southern Bay of Biscay (Patricia Verisimo et al.)

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• Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea (Jorge Landa et al.) • Advances in the study on sexual maturity of chub mackerel (Scomber colias) in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters Charo Navarro et al.) • Littoral Guardians, European Program “Coastwatch” in Asturias (Irene Felgueres Rivero et al.) • The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes elongated morphology: no evidence for epigenetic variation (Alina Sousa et al.) • Predation on juveniles of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Silvia de la Uz et al.) • Feasibility of the release of hatchery sea urchin juveniles as a tool to improve the natural stocks (Silvia de la Uz et al.)

12:00-12:15 Going beyond the otolith bubble: Fin spine oxygen isotopes (δ18O) as a proxy for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) movements (Patricia Luque et al.) 12:15-12:30 A comparison of extraction methods in the collection of ocle (Gelidium corneum) along the Asturian coast and their influence on the sustainability of the resource (Jaclyn Higgins et al.) 12:30-12:45 On the presence of a giant polychaete species on the NW Iberian Peninsula: taxonomic identity and preliminary data on its reproductive biology (Daniel Escobar et al.) 12:45-13:00 iFADO project: contribution to the implementation of the MSFD in the Atlantic Area through modeling and in situ monitoring approaches (Luz García-García et al.) 13:00-13:15 Establishment of an integrated marine observing system in an offshore aquaculture site to monitor, study and predict the occurrence of marine biotoxins and shellfish poisoning events (Yolanda Sagarminaga et al.) 13:15-14:15 LUNCH (Projection video Gatherers in XXI century Europe: The gooseneck barnacle fishery

Science-Policy Communication, Governance, Adaptive Management and Education CHAIRPERSONS: Pablo Abaunza – Almudena Álvarez – Francisco Sánchez

14:15-14:30 Nature-Based solutions in the Basque coast: Capitalization on Restoration, Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable fishing approaches (Jose A. Fernandes-Salvador et al.) 14:30-14:45 Testing fishery essentiality as a tool to manage some artisanal fisheries under data poor conditions (C. Dorta & Pablo Martín-Sosa) 14:45-15:00 Surveys as a tool for evaluating public knowledge and attitudes on cetacean conservation (Alicia García- Gallego et al.) Blue Biotechnology and Marine Genetic Resources CHAIRPERSONS: Sergio Taboada – Francisco Sánchez

15:00-15:15 Chaotic genetic patchiness in the high valued Atlantic stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes from Iberia Peninsula: implications for fisheries management (Marina Parrondo et al.)

ISOBAY 17, 2021 17 of 143

FRIDAY, JUNE 4RD Water Quality CHAIRPERSONS: Jose Luis Acuña - Andrés Arias

10:00-10:15 Setting boundaries of nutrients quality status classes in transitional and coastal waters of the southeastern Bay of Biscay, under the European Water Framework Directive (J.G. Rodríguez -Javier Franco- et al.) 10:15-10:30 Tributyltin compound evolution in Bidasoa (SE Bay of Biscay) transboundary estuarine waters (Joana Larreta et al.) 10:30-10:45 Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): occurrence and risk assessment for a better water monitoring and management (Oihana Solaun et al.) 10:45-11:00 Toward the assessment of the chemical status for metals in transitional and coastal waters within the EU Water Framework Directive using Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (J.G. Rodríguez -María Jesús Belzunce-Segarra- et al.) 11:00- 11:15 An assessment of metal(oid)s in mussel tissues along the Asturian Coast (Bay of Biscay, Spain) (Lorena Sanz-Prada et al.) 11:15-11:30 BREAK (Projection video Asturias y la mar – Asturias and the sea) Invasive Species and Anthropogenic Pressure CHAIRPERSONS: Andrés Arias-Javier Cristobo

11:30-11:45 Application of risk-based approach to non-indigenous species in the Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast, and in Macaronesia (Claudia Hollatz et al.) 11:45-12:00 Building on gAMBI in ports for a challenging biological invasions scenario: Blue-gNIS as a proof of concept (Aitor Ibabe et al.) 12:00-12:15 Changes on the abundance and distribution of non-indigenous macroalgae after seven years. Growing pains in the intertidal (Marcos Rubal et al.) 12:15-12:30 Microplastic contamination of the ecosystem and sea products. Arplastic: a case study of the Arcachon Bay (Benedicte Morin et al.) 12:30-12:45 Does nutrient enrichment interact with a physical disturbance in the sediment and plant responses in a Zostera noltei meadow? (Inés Viana et al.) Coastal Development and Engineering CHAIRPERSONS: Andrés Arias-Javier Cristobo

12:45-13:00 Development of new image analysis methods for quantifying the reef surface built byan engineer polychaete species, Sabellaria alveolata (Alicia Romero-Ramirez et al.) 13:00-13:15 A socio-economic assessment of the sea-level rise on the Basque Coast municipalities (NW coast of Spain) due to climate change (Andrea del Campo et al.) 13:15-13:30 Developing a Bayesian network for storm impact assessment on the Grande Plage de Biarritz based on observational data and statistical model (Aurelien Callens et al.)

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13:30-13:45 Modelling the morphological response of the Oka estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) to climate change (Roland Garnier et al.)

13:45-14:15 INVITED SPEAKERS: Ana Riesgo

Molecular ecology of keystone species in VMEs to support conservation strategies.

Awards ceremony and Closure ISOBAY 17 • Best oral presentation Award • Best speed-talk presentation Award • Best poster presentation Award • Jean Claude Sorbe Award to the best early career presentation • Honorific mention to Nuria Anadón for a lifetime devoted to study the biodiversity of the Bay of Biscay

Conclusions and the place to the next ISOBAY edition.... in France (Projection video NO SCIENCE, NO #WorldOceansDay)

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INVITED SPEAKERS

Sarah A. Woodin is Carolina Distin- guished Professor Emerita of the Univer- sity of South Carolina (USA). She is a marine ecologist, especially focused on species that structure and modify benthic sedimentary habitats, ecosystem engi- neers. Her research combines field experi- mental manipulations with laboratory ex- periments designed to elucidate mecha- nisms. Her recent areas of research in- clude climate change and the biogeo- graphic and physiological responses of in- tertidal populations to multiple stressors. She is particularly interested in impacts of changes in the performance of ecosystem engineers on marine shallow water sys- tems.

David S. Wethey is Distinguished Pro- fessor Emeritus at the University of South Carolina (USA). He is a marine benthic ecol- ogist who has worked in both rocky and sedimentary habitats. His research interests include biogeography, population dynam- ics, predator-prey and competitive interac- tions, and the mechanisms by which organ- isms escape the physics of their habitats. He uses a combination of field and laboratory experiments and remote sensing and mod- eling to examine these processes. He is espe- cially interested in the mechanisms respon- sible for setting geographic limits of species in a changing climate.

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Invited Talk

Climate Change and Drivers of Ecosystem Function and Aqua- culture in the Bay of Biscay.

D. S. Wethey 1, *, S. A. Woodin 1.

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract: For the Bay of Biscay in shallow water sedimentary habitats there are two im- mediate crises in terms of organism impact. One is the potential disappearance of beds of Arenicola marina, an important ecosystem engineer whose activities at depth dramatically alter habitats increasing critical rates of remineralization. The second is the reduction in viability, growth, and habitat of important aquaculture species such as the venerid bi- valves Ruditapes and Venerupis. In one case with risk to the driver of porewater advective flows and aeration of the subsurface, Arenicola, the structure of the habitat and its ability to receive without decay the organic load imposed by humans is the issue. In the other case the viability of the economic enterprise based on native and non-native bivalves is at Citation: Wethey, D. S. & Woodin, S. A. 2021. Climate Change and Drivers risk. Our task today is to inform you as to the importance of both these sets of organisms, of Ecosystem Function and Aquacul- one the driver of ecosystem structure and form and the other the basis of the economies ture in the Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., of coastal areas, and then demonstrate based on our knowledge of their biology and dis- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., tributions what is likely to occur and when. We will attempt to achieve these tasks using Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- a variety of techniques that allow visualization of subsurface activities such as oxygen beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. optodes, pressure sensors, and ultrasound as well as population models linked to histor- Proceedings of the XVII International ical climate records and to climate forecasts. Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, 21 pp.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 21 of 143

INVITED SPEAKERS

José M. Guerra-García is Full Professor in the Department of Zoology of the Univer- sity of Seville (Spain). His PhD and early research interest dealt with soft bottom commu- nities of harbours. He was fascinated by caprellidean amphipods, and has focused his research on their taxonomy, ecology, behaviour and global biodiversity and biogeogra- phy. The main contribution of Jose Guerra lies in the description of 10 new genera and 70 new caprellid species, with one of them, Liropus minusculus, selected as one of the top 10 new species in 2014. He is also interested in the utility of these amphipods as bioindicators and as alternative resource in aquaculture.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 22 of 143

Invited Talk

A promising method to study the diet of small marine inverte- brates.

J. M. Guerra-García1, *, M. Ros 1, C. Navarro-Barranco 1, J. M. Tierno de Figueroa 2.

1 Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain 1 Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuente- nueva, 18071 Granada, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Bay of Biscay is an important northeastern Atlantic fisheries area, charac- terized by highly biodiverse benthic communities. During the last years, many new taxa, especially small crustaceans and polychaetes, have been described in this bay. Neverthe- less, little is known about their role in the ecosystem. Unravelling the trophic preferences of these small invertebrates is necessary to properly address further ecological studies. Traditionally, feeding strategies have been assessed using in situ and laboratory observa- tions, feeding experiments, gut-content analyses by dissection, and studies of mouthpart Citation: Guerra-García, J. M., Ros, appendages. The use of biomarkers such as lipids and fatty acids, and stable isotopes have M., Navarro-Barranco, C. & Tierno de been also very useful for this purpose. However, these biomarkers’ studies require fresh Figueroa, J. M. 2021. A promising method to study the diet of small ma- material preventing the use of specimens already fixed in ethanol or formalin, and also rine invertebrates. Arias, A., Ríos, P., depend on enough material available for chemical analysis. Furthermore, the traditional Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., studies dealing with the direct observation of digestive contents are scarce, probably due Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & to the difficult task of removing the digestive tract by dissection. A method used by ento- Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of mologists for studying the digestive contents of insects is proposed to characterize the the XVII International Symposium on diet of small marine invertebrates. The method is inexpensive and effective: specimens Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- must be introduced in Hertwig’s liquid (consisting on 270 g of chloral hydrate, 19 ml of BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 23 pp. chloridric acid 1N, 150 ml of distilled water and 60 ml of glycerin) and heated in an oven

at 65 ºC for 2 to 24 hours depending on animal size. After this, they can be mounted on slides for its study under the microscope. The specimens become transparent and the dif- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ferent components (prey, detritus, macroalgae, microalgae, etc.) can be observed along the gut. The methodology has been mainly used for amphipods so far, but it seems to be promising also for other small crustaceans and polychaete.

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INVITED SPEAKERS

Ana Riesgo is a Researcher at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC, Ma- drid, Spain). Her group focuses on the evolutionary biology and ecology of marine inver- tebrates, especially sponges. They use a wide range of techniques including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and high-resolution imaging to understand physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolic interplay with symbiotic mi- crobes and regeneration. She is also deeply concerned about the current state of the ocean, and she wants to supply tools for conservation management. In this line, she uses popu- lation genomics to understand diversity and connectivity of marine invertebrates, basic processes that inform about the resilience of the organisms.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 24 of 143

Invited Talk

Molecular ecology of keystone species in VMEs to support con- servation strategies.

A. Riesgo 1, 2, *.

1 Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC). c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Life Sciences. Natural History Museum of London. Cromwell Road. London, SW7 5BD * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract: The deepsea is the last human frontier. It is poorly explored and therefore its conservation is far from being properly managed. One of the goals of the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) is the preservation of the genetic diversity of the organ- isms, but this is hardly achieved because of a major lack of information for most areas. Indeed, only 3% of the ocean is contained in MPAs and only 1% of the high seas areas are protected. Genetic connectivity is the basic substrate for species resilience, maintaining high genetic diversity which ensures plasticity to cope with environmental disturbance. Citation: Riesgo, A. 2021. Molecular However, we are still far from understanding the major drivers of the spatial distribution ecology of keystone species in VMEs of the genetic diversity and connectivity, especially in the deep sea. One of the most vul- to support conservation strategies. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- nerable ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean are deep-sea sponge grounds, which are chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., massive areas containing large amounts of sponge biomass and diversity that provide Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. fundamental ecosystem services: maintaining high biodiversity, creating shelter, serving (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- as a food source, influencing the flow of essential nutrients, and driving biogeochemical ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and silica. Sponges play a fundamental role as early indicators phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). of ecosystem health, and they can be regarded as the “canaries in the coal mine”. In our University of Oviedo, 25 pp. group, we have assessed the genetic connectivity and diversity of four keystone sponge species in different sponge grounds of the NA, most considered as VMEs, including the

Avilés Canyon System and Le Danois Bank. We used low-coverage genome sequencing Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. to screen for a battery of SNPs and particle tracking modeling to investigate the gene flow between populations and levels of genetic diversity, which are fundamental to implement conservation strategies efficiently. Our results point to remarkable genetic connectivity over large geographic scales in the NA, but a strong impact of physical barriers isolating the populations in the Cantabrian Sea from those in more northern areas. Although the unexpected high gene flow over most of the North Atlantic sponge populations is clearly a hopeful result in the current climate change scenario to establish a network of MPAs, the fact that there is a strong genetic break between the sponge ecosystems in the Canta- brian Sea and those in the North and Barents Sea calls for specific strategies to preserve the sponge populations in these areas.

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ABSTRACTS

1. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.1 Application of focus stacking in benthic fauna identification.

A. Calvo-Díaz 1, *, J. Cristobo 1, T. P. Ibarrola 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The focus stacking is one of the photography techniques used in scientific pho- tography. This technique produces two-dimensional images with a wider depth of field than reached by diffraction, combining the focus areas of a sequence of images taken in different focal plane at small and fixed intervals. By using specialized software, the images are combined using the different focused areas of each one, giving as result an image com- pletely focused. This technique is mainly used in both photomacrography and photomi- crography. The following work shows the application of focus stacking technique in ben- thic fauna identification. We have used this technique in different scenes, through a mi- croscope camera and with the camera assembled to a focus rail. In preliminary identifica- Citation: Calvo-Díaz, A., Cristobo, J. tions, sections of skeleton of Porifera specimens are often made by hand, but the thickness & Ibarrola, T. P. 2021. Application of focus stacking in benthic fauna iden- of the sections prevent the achievement of entire focused images. In this case, the focus tification. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, stacking technique provides a very useful option to get practical images. On the other H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, hand, obtaining good quality images supporting the further identification of marine in- A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, vertebrates by expert taxonomists is essential in the assessment of Vulnerable Marine Eco- J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII systems (VMEs) and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in terms of biodiversity. Photomac- International Symposium on Oceanogra- rography combined with focus stacking techniques becomes an accurate support tool on phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). the preparation of the graphic documentation required for subsequent photographic in- University of Oviedo, 27 pp. ventory, species checklists, identification guides, scientific papers or handbooks.

Keywords: Scientific photography, biodiversity, taxonomic identification.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 27 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.2 Circareef / Circatax project: Biodiversity and structure of rocky circalittoral habitats on the Basque coast (South of the Bay of Biscay).

M. N. de Casamajor 1, *, S. Sartoretto 2, B. Gouilleux 3, C. Ravel 2, S. Bujan 3, L. Devaux 3, M. Lissardy 1.

1 Ifremer LERAR Anglet, 1 allée du parcMontaury 64600 Anglet France 2 Ifremer LERPAC, ZonePortuaire de Brégaillon, CS20 330,83507 La Seyne-sur-MerCedex, France 3 UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC – OASU, Station Marine d'Arcachon, Université de Bordeaux, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau,33120 Arcachon Cedex France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The structural habitat of circalittoral “reefs” are constituted predominantly by faunistic biocenoses. They host a diversified biodiversity, with numerous functional roles Citation: de Casamajor, M. N., Sarto- and ecosystem services: nursery, protection, feeding ground. In the perspective of ad- retto, S., Gouilleux, B., Ravel, C., Bu- dressing European directives, in the marine sub-region "Bay of Biscay" knowledge is lack- jan, S., Devaux, L. & Lissardy, M. ing about local biodiversity and their functional role, in order to further enable manage- 2021. Circareef / Circatax project: Bio- ment decision-making. The rocky circalittoral habitat corresponds to the area where erect diversity and structure of rocky circalittoral habitats on the Basque macroalgae are no longer present, in particular due to the lack of light. Nevertheless, the coast (South of the Bay of Biscay). encrusting sciaphilic algae still occur and the fauna is diversified. Benthic community is Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- of major interest in assessing the state of conservation of ecosystems. The sessile compo- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., nent of the benthos is particularly vulnerable to changes in the environment: sediment Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. deposits, chemical contamination and climate change. Physical adjustments and physico- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- chemical modifications can cause total or partial destruction of habitat and associated ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- communities. Considering sampling protocols as the basis of observation, Circareef / Cir- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). catax aims to fill the methodological gaps identified on the rocky circalittoral habitats of University of Oviedo, 28 pp. the Basque coast. Based on the protocols applied in the Mediterranean sampling (coralli-

gene habitat), the challenge is to adapt current indicators to the biogeographical contexts

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. of the Bay of Biscay. To understand biodiversity and allow the definition of a relevant lists of species, implementation of different sampling techniques done to collect the main bio- logical compartments are needed, with the help of different taxonomic experts. A first stage of the project consists in characterizing the biodiversity present, which has never been sampled, in a second stage, understand the functioning of this habitat and concep- tualize its organization in the form of a model according to an EBQI approach. These pro- jects are still in progress and the aim of this poster is to present the strategies implemented to achieve the objectives set.

Keywords: Circalittoral reef, biodiversity, ecosystem approach, Basque coast, protected area.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 28 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.3 Cockle as second intermediate host of trematode parasites: consequences on sediment bioturbation and nutrient fluxes across the benthic interface.

A. Richard 1, *, X. de Montaudouin 1, A. Rubiello 1, O. Maire 1.

1 Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The edible cockle Cerastoderma edule is a bivalve mollusk widely distributed along the North-East Atlantic coast, particularly found in high abundances in sandy sed- iments of sheltered areas such as estuaries and bays. Through their filtration, biodeposi- tion and bioturbation activities, cockles play a key ecological role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems, particularly by enhancing nutrient regeneration, stimulating micro- Citation: Richard, A., de Montau- benthic primary production and controlling phytoplankton biomass. However, in many douin, X., Rubiello, A. & Maire, O. regions, cockle populations more and more frequently experience catastrophic declines, 2021. Cockle as second intermediate which are largely due to emergent diseases caused by macroparasites, especially trema- host of trematode parasites: conse- todes. Trematode species can infect cockles as first or second (metacercariae stage) inter- quences on sediment bioturbation mediate host and may profoundly alter host physiology. Nevertheless, the indirect con- and nutrient fluxes across the benthic interface. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, sequences of metacercarial infection on cockle behavior and, through cascading effects, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, on ecosystem processes and functions remain largely unknown, with contradictory ob- A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, servations depending on the studied host-parasite system. Here, C. edule specimens were J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII experimentally infected with Himasthla elongata metacercarial larvae to investigate their International Symposium on Oceanogra- potential indirect impact on sediment bioturbation rates and biogeochemical fluxes at the phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). sediment-water interface. Our results showed that, despite a high parasite intensity, in- University of Oviedo, 29 pp. fected cockles did not reduce their bioturbation activity (i.e. both sediment reworking and

bioirrigation). Yet, the influence of cockles on organic matter remineralization rates and

nutrient exchanges across the benthic interface was not significantly affected by metacer- carial larvae. Several hypotheses may be formulated to explain discrepancies with previ- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ous studies. (1) Behavioral alteration of hosts could arise over a longer time period fol- lowing parasite infection. (2) The intensity of deleterious impacts of metacercariae would strongly vary between parasite species. (3) The modulation of cockle bioturbation activity by metacercariae could be more obvious and pronounced in older specimens, which are buried deeper below the sediment-water interface. (4) Metacercariae infection impairs cockle fitness in interaction with other factors of the environment.

Keywords: Cerastoderma edule, Biogeochemical fluxes, trematodes infection.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 29 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.4 Detecting climate regime shifts and biodiversity redistribu- tion in the Bay of Biscay with GAMMs.

G. Chust 1, *, M. González 1, A. Fontán 1, M. Revilla 1, P. Álvarez 1, M. Santos 1, U. Cotano 1, M. Chifflet 1, Á. Borja 1, I. Muxika 1, Y. Sagarminaga 1, A. Caballero 1, I. de Santiago 1, I. Epelde 1, P. Liria 1, L. Ibaibarriaga 1, R. Garnier 1, J. Franco 1, E. Villarino 1, X. Irigoien 1, J. A. Fernandes-Salvador 1, A. Uriarte 1, X. Esteban 2, D. Orue-Echevarria 2.

1 AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi- Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain 2 Climate Change Foundation of Gipuzkoa – NATURKLIMA, Paseo Mikeletegi, 65 - Edif. B2, 20009 Donostia / San Sebastián, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Global ocean warming and impact of extreme events, exacerbated by acceler- Citation: Chust, G., González, M., ating sea-level rise, are challenges that coastal societies must address to anticipate dam- Fontán, A., Revilla, M., Álvarez, P., ages in coming decades. The objective of this study is to undertake a time-series analysis Santos, M., Cotano, U., Chifflet, M., of climate change (CC) indicators as the basis for building a marine observatory of CC of Borja, Á., Muxika, I., Sagarminaga, Y., Caballero, A., de Santiago, I., the Bay of Biscay, including the Basque coast. We used an integrated and flexible meth- Epelde, I., Liria, P., Ibaibarriaga, L., odology, based on Generalized Additive Mixed Models, to detect trends on 19 indicators Garnier, R., Franco, J., Villarino, E., (including marine physics, chemistry, atmosphere, geomorphology, biota, and commer- Irigoien, X., Fernandes-Salvador, J. cial species). The results of 87 time series analysed (~512,000 observations), in the last four A., Uriarte, A., Esteban, X. & Orue- decades, indicate four groups of climate regime shifts: 1) A gradual shift associated with Echevarria, D. 2021. Detecting cli- CC starting in the 1980s, with a warming of the sea surface down to 100 m depth in the mate regime shifts and biodiversity bay (0.10-0.25 °C dec-1), increase in air temperature and insulation. This warming may redistribution in the Bay of Biscay have impacted on benthic community redistribution in the Basque coast, favouring warm- with GAMMs. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., water species relative to cold-water species. Weight at age for anchovy and sardine de- Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & creased in the last two decades. 2) Deepening of the winter mixing layer depth in the Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of South-eastern Bay that probably led to increases in nutrients, surface oxygen, and chloro- the XVII International Symposium on phyll concentration. Current increases on chlorophyll and zooplankton biomass are con- Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- trary to those expected under CC scenarios in the region. 3) Sea-level accelerating rise (1.5- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 30 pp. 3.5 cm dec-1 since 1990s), associated with CC. 4) Increase of extreme wave height events of 27 cm dec-1 in the South-eastern Bay, probably related to windy conditions in the last

decade and impacts on beach erosion. Estimating accurate rates of sea warming, sea-level Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. rise, extreme events, and foreseeing the future pathways of marine productivity, are key to define the best adaptation measures to minimize negative CC impacts in the region.

Keywords: Climate change, geomorphology, sea warming, anchovy, extreme events, Basque coast.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.5 Soft-bottom macroinfaunal community structure and biodi- versity patterns in the continental shelf, canyons and pockmark fields in the south-eastern Bay of Biscay at a range of depths of 97-1476 m.

J. G. Rodríguez 1, *, J. M. Garmendia 1, I. Muxika 1, M. Gómez-Ballesteros 2, I. Quincoces 3, I. P. Díez 2, B. Arrese 2, F. Sánchez 4, I. Galparsoro 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Por- tualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain. 2 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Calle Corazón de María, 8, 28002, Madrid, Spain 3 AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain 4 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Promontorio San Martín s/n, 39004, Santander, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Rodríguez, J. G., Garmen- dia, J. M., Muxika, I., Gómez-Balleste- Abstract: Within the framework of several projects a total of 68 soft-bottom samples were ros, M., Quin-coces, I., Díez, I., acquired in front of the Basque coast (south-eastern Bay of Biscay) at 97-1476 m water Arrese, B., Sánchez, F. & Galparsoro, depth. Sediment samples were taken with a 0.1 m2 Smith-McIntyre grab and sieved I. 2021. Soft-bottom macrofaunal through a 1 mm mesh. This study is focused on increasing the regional knowledge of the community structure and biodiver- spatial variability in the composition of the soft-bottom macroinfauna in a transitional sity patterns in the continental shelf, zone from the continental shelf to the tributaries of the Capbreton submarine canyon, de- canyons and pockmark fields in the scribing the presence of 542 taxa. A depth-related gradient of decreasing density and rich- south-eastern Bay of Biscay at a range ness and increasing ‘phylogenetic’ diversity is observed. The most remarkable depth-re- of depths of 97-1476 m. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., lated change in macroinfauna consists of a boundary in macroinfaunal structural param- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón- eters and species composition at about 400 m water depth, coinciding with a change in Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). sediment characteristics and geomorphology. In the shallower area (97-400 m water 2021. Proceedings of the XVII Interna- depth) a greater variability in species assemblages is observed than at deeper waters, ac- tional Symposium on Oceanography of cording to greater variability in sedimentary characteristics, mainly associated to a wide the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). Univer- range of mud content: 0.5 to 99%. Part of the variability in the composition of the sity of Oviedo, 31 pp. macrofauna at this shallower area is explained by the characteristics of the sediment (grain size and organic matter content). However, no clear relationship is found between the

sedimentary characteristics and the macroinfaunal structural parameters (richness, diver- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. sity (H’), ‘phylogenetic’ diversity) at this shallower area, indicating the relevance of other environmental factors that could condition the species composition. In areas deeper than 400 m, the sediment is predominantly muddy; compared to the shallower zone, the vari- ability in the composition of the macrofauna is much lower. It is noteworthy that, at such depths, the abundance of polychaetes is also lower than in shallower areas. Raw data is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/hvnzwfvsm7.2.

Keywords: Capbreton Canyon, biological diversity, soft bottom, macrobenthic infauna.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 31 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.6 New records of deep-sea anthozoans (Cnidaria) for the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), collected during ECOMARG, INDEMARES and INTEMARES expeditions.

A. Altuna 1, *, P. Ríos 2.

1 INSUB, Zemoria 12, E-20013 San Sebastián, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the Bay of Biscay and nearby areas from 48º 30' N to 42º N and 13º W, some 253 species of anthozoans (Cnidaria) are known. This remarkable biodiversity is related to a great heterogeneity of habitats and a significant sampling effort undertaken by several expeditions since the 19th century. In the last years, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Citation: Altuna, A. & Ríos, P. 2021. has sampled the north and northwestern Iberian benthos within the projects ECOMARG, New records of deep-sea anthozoans INDEMARES and INTEMARES. One of the main targets of these surveys is an inventory (Cnidaria) for the Bay of Biscay of areas of biological interest for conservation purposes. Sampling was mainly focused on (northeastern Atlantic), collected the Cantabrian slope, banks (Galicia Bank and Le Danois Bank in El Cachucho-Marine during ECOMARG, INDEMARES Protected Area) and submarine canyons (Avilés Canyon System and Capbreton Canyon). and INTEMARES expeditions. As a result, numerous anthozoans have been assembled, including several noteworthy Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., findings. In this contribution, we point out the discovery of five benthic deep-sea species Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. previously unrecorded in the considered area, belonging to the subclasses Octocorallia (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- and Hexacorallia and the orders Antipatharia and Alcyonacea: Stauropathes arctica (Lüt- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- ken, 1871) (Avilés Canyon System, Galicia Bank), Anthomastus gyratus Molodtsova, 2013 phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). (Avilés Canyon System, Le Danois Bank), Hemicorallium tricolor (Johnson 1899) (Le Danois University of Oviedo, 32 pp. Bank), Dendrobrachia bonsai López-González & Cunha, 2010 (Le Danois Bank), and Viminella cf. flagellum (Johnson, 1863) (Capbreton Canyon). Most are poorly known and

rarely recorded species. All of them are first records for the Bay of Biscay, while three are Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. northernmost (D. bonsai, H. tricolor, V. cf. flagellum) and two (A. gyratus, S. arctica) south- ernmost records in the Atlantic. S. arctica, A. gyratus and H. tricolor are first records from the Iberian Peninsula waters, and the first two, also for the Spanish fauna. We provide morphological notes, and ecological and biogeographical remarks for all species. Some insights about the expected biodiversity of the Octocorallia in the Bay of Biscay are also given.

Keywords: Antipatharia, Octocorallia, first records, Spain.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 32 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.7 Diversity and distribution of bivalve molluscs in the central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay).

R. López-Alonso 1, *, O. Sánchez 1, I. Fernández-Rodríguez 1, A. Arias 1.

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, University of Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Bivalve molluscs are one of the dominant benthic groups in soft-sediment com- munities of the Atlantic Ocean, including the European margin and the Bay of Biscay. However, current knowledge of deep-sea Euro-Atlantic bivalves and their distribution is still far from comprehensive and has been the scope of several recent publications. We examined the bivalve samples from two extensive projects of the Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Submarine Canyon System, ACS (Bay of Biscay), aimed to catalogue the biodiver- sity of this region. The ACS is a network of underwater canyons and valleys located in Citation: López-Alonso, R., Sánchez, the central Cantabrian sea that was designed as a Site of Community Importance within O., Fernández-Rodríguez, I. & Arias, the Natura 2000 Network. The samples were obtained during the COCACE and BIO- A. 2021. Diversity and distribution of CANT oceanographic cruises, carried out in 1987-1988 and 2012-2013 respectively, and at bivalve molluscs in the central Canta- brian Sea and the Avilés Canyon Sys- depths from 15 to 4700 metres. This is the first study focused on bivalve diversity from tem. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., the central Cantabrian sea that covers such a wide bathymetric range, from the continental Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., shelf to the abyssal plain. Thirty-seven families and 108 species were identified, four of Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. them being (Crenella arenaria, Tagelus adansonii, Cetomya neaeroides and Thracia corbuloides) (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- reported for the first time in the area. Furthermore, T. adansonii is also a new addition to ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- the malacofauna of the Iberian Peninsula. The conducted Multivariate Analysis based on phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). the presence-absence of species from the different stations showed three assemblages: i) University of Oviedo, 33 pp. samples from shallow waters (continental shelf); ii) intermediate depths (shelf and upper

slope) and iii) deep water (slope and abyssal plain). Thus, depth was the main structuring

agent. The species richness was higher in shallow areas than in continental slope and

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. abyssal plain. The feeding strategy and the substrate were also analysed but they were not significant factors for the zonation patterns in the present study.

Keywords: Bivalvia, biodiversity, bathymetry, Atlantic Ocean, deep-sea species.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 33 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.8 Functional costs of arm autotomy on the locomotion of stel- late echinoderms: two different outcomes of two distinct modes of locomotion.

I. Fernández-Rodríguez 1, 2 *, D. Fernández-Guerra 1, M. Portillo-González 1.

1 Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (Zoology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33071, Spain 2 Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO/CSIC/PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Defences against predators are diverse in animals, but few are as disruptive as autotomy. The ability to shed a body part in response to a predator attack evolved several times in vertebrate and invertebrate animal taxa. However, it may decrease the efficiency of functions such as locomotion or feeding and can therefore reduce the individuals’ fit- Citation: Fernández-Rodríguez, I., ness. We have evaluated by video recording (frame-by-frame analysis) the effects of au- Fernández-Guerra, D. & Portillo- totomy on the locomotor performance of two abundant species in the rocky intertidal of González, M. 2021. Functional costs Asturias (Bay of Biscay): the asteroid Coscinasterias tenuispina and the ophiuroid Ophio- of arm autotomy on the locomotion derma longicauda. Coscinasterias tenuispina resorts to autotomy not only as an antipredator of stellate echinoderms: two different mechanism, but also for asexual reproduction, so highly asymmetric individuals in dif- outcomes of two distinct modes of lo- ferent regeneration stages are very frequent. Thus, locomotor performance of this species comotion. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, was analysed considering their degree of asymmetry and their state (recent autotomized A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, or regenerating) at the laboratory. Individuals of O. longicauda at the laboratory were J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII firstly subjected to a control trial, and then a second trial was performed two days after International Symposium on Oceanogra- inducing arm autotomy to the experimental group. Robustness (i.e., residuals of body phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). mass against arm length) was negatively correlated with speed in the asteroid C. tenu- University of Oviedo, 34 pp. ispina, but we found no effects of arm loss or regeneration stage on locomotor perfor- mance. Conversely, although all individuals of the ophiuroid O. longicauda increased their

speed in the second trial (probably due to learning or habituation), autotomized animals Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. showed a significant lower increase than intact ones, indicating a negative effect of arm loss. These differences may be explained by the different modes of locomotion of asteroids and ophiuroids: the former crawl with the tube feet of their ventral surface (which ex- plains why heavier starfishes were slower), so that the loss of an arm represents less sur- face to crawl but is likely compensated by the loss of weight to carry. Ophiuroids, on the other hand, use their arms either to propel themselves or to make rowing movements, which explains the negative effect of arm loss on locomotor performance found in our study.

Keywords: Regeneration, Locomotor performance, Ophiderma longicauda, Coscinasterias tenuispina.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 34 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.9 Demersal and epibenthic communities of sedimentary habi- tats in the Avilés Canyon System, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic). Environmental factors determining faunal assemblages.

L. Modica 1, *, C. Rodríguez-Cabello 1, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, P. Ríos 1, A. Serrano 1, S. Parra 2, F. Sánchez1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The aim of this study has been to describe the epibenthic and demersal faunal communities of the Avilés Canyon System (ACS) in relation to the environmental varia- bles that characterize their habitat. ACS (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic), was recently in- cluded in the Natura 2000 network as Site of Community Importance (SCI). Data of faunal Citation: Modica, L., Rodríguez-Ca- biomass, derived from six surveys carried out with beam trawl and otter trawls in 2009 bello, C., Rodríguez-Basalo, A., Ríos, and 2010 within INDEMARES and ERDEM projects were used. The total species richness P., Serrano, A., Parra, S. & Sánchez, F. per each sampler ascended to 233 and 207 in the case of two otter trawl samplers and 256 2021. Demersal and epibenthic com- in the case of beam trawl. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to calculate similarities munities of sedimentary habitats in between samples in terms of species composition. Depth was the main discriminating fac- the Avilés Canyon System, Canta- tor for grouping hauls, showing high consistency of bathymetric range independently brian Sea (NE Atlantic). Environmen- tal factors determining faunal assem- from the sampler used. Five groups were identified by depth as follows: circalittoral-Con- blages. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., tinental shelf (100-250m); Batial-1 Shelf-break (250-400 m); Batial-2 Upper-slope (500-600 Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., m); Batial-3 middle-slope (600-1100 m); Batial-4 lower-middle-slope (1200-1500 m). A Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. SIMPER analysis on biomass values was performed to determine the structure of the fau- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- nal assemblage observed for each depth group. In each group both nektonic and epiben- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- thic species characterized the assemblage structure. Using biomass highlights the ecosys- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). tem functioning and the energy fluxes taking place in the sedimentary bottom of this SCI. University of Oviedo, 35 pp. Finally, to assess the amount of variation of faunal pattern related to environmental vari-

ables available, a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was conducted due to the very long environmental gradient observed. Continuous environmental variables consid- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ered were depth, near-bottom salinity, slope, BPI broad, eastness, Q50phi, sediment or- ganic matter content and sorting coefficient, while discrete variable was bottom type. Most important factors were depth, sediment organic matter content and bottom type (namely sedimentary processes) and coefficient of sorting indicating hydrodynamic con- ditions.

Keywords: Soft bottom, benthic communities, Natura 2000.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 35 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.10 Using multiparametric observatory for assessing patterns of animal behavior in relation with water dynamics in El Cachucho MPA (Cantabrian Sea).

C. Rodríguez-Cabello 1, *, C. González-Pola 2, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, E. Prado 1, F. Sánchez 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The use of non-invasive methods is becoming more and more crucial, particu- larly in the study of singular habitats or vulnerable species. The use of baited cameras and environmental variables measurements using landers is an important tool for the study of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) like El Cachucho, located in the central Cantabrian Sea. Nine lander moorings were deployed on the sea floor at different depths ranging from Citation: Rodríguez-Cabello, C., 500 to 960 m for a period of 24-26 hours. A total of 10989 photographs were downloaded González-Pola, C., Rodríguez-Basalo, and synchronized using a time-code with all the environmental variables recorded (pres- A., Prado, E. & Sánchez, F. 2021. Us- sure, temperature, salinity, water current and direction). Richness accounted for 40 spe- ing multiparametric observatory for cies which comprised different taxonomic groups (21 fishes, 11 crustaceans, 3 mollusc and assessing patterns of animal behavior 6 echinoderms). The most abundant species were Synaphobranchus kaupii, Mora moro, Phy- in relation with water dynamics in El Cachucho MPA (Cantabrian Sea). cis blennoides, Helicolenus dactylopterus and Etmopterus spinax. Arrival times (Tarr) and max- Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- imum number of individuals (Nmax) greatly differed among stations. Cluster analysis of chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Bray–Curtis similarity of species peak abundance (Nmax) showed two main faunal zones Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. in relation with depth (those close to the top of the Bank and those in the flanks). The (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- relation of species and environmental variables showed high variability depending on the ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- location of the station and the associated variables, depth, current and water masses. In phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). general, the dominance of the tide was observed both in the currents near the bottom and University of Oviedo, 36 pp. in the associated hydrographic structure. The tide phase in conjunction with current

speed had a strong effect in the arrival of species. In general terms bottom currents were dominated by the tide with E-W orientation according to the topography of the Bank. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Species appear during specific periods matching with the beginning of the flooding phase or at the end of ebb phase. Movement rates (cm.s-1) were estimated for some species such as crabs Pagurus sp. 0.16, Bathynectes maravigna 0.21, Colus gracilis 0.20, Cidaris cidaris 0.04 and Araeosoma fenestratum 0.23.

Keywords: Lander, Biodiversity, Oceanography.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 36 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.11 Automatic echotrace classification of pelagic species in the Bay of Biscay.

A. Lekanda 1, *, G. Boyra 1, M. Louzao 1.

1 AZTI. Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: There is a permanent quest to develop ecosystem-based management methods, which requires a better understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning. Multifre- quency acoustic studies have shown potential in continuous monitoring and spatio-tem- poral characteristics analysis of pelagic populations. Currently, it is possible to discrimi- nate acoustic scattering groups (as fish with swim bladders, fish without swim bladders, and certain plankton groups) based on its acoustic properties, but visual interpretation or scrutiny by experts is still widely extended. Fish schools may be identified and isolated according to intensity thresholds of the signal. It is generally possible to distinguish be- Citation: Lekanda, A., Boyra, G. & tween echoes of different species based on acoustic descriptors. These descriptors can be Louzao, M. 2021. Automatic grouped into three categories, morphological (related to the geometry of the school), en- echotrace classification of pelagic species in the Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., ergetic (associated with the properties of the backscattered signal) and positional (describ- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., ing the latitude, longitude, time, depth from surface, altitude from bottom). The tradi- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- tional visual scrutiny of echograms is subjective, time-consuming, and may differ be- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. tween operators. Automatic echotrace classification is a well-established, non-invasive Proceedings of the XVII International method and combined with the objectivity and reproducibility of machine learning tech- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay niques, may provide information not only about population status but also about different of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of components of the pelagic ecosystem. The present study has the aim of developing a Oviedo, 37 pp. method to identify the pelagic fish species of the Bay of Biscay based on different auto- matic classification methods. We used data from three long-standing multi-disciplinary

surveys in the Bay of Biscay (JUVENA, BIOMAN and TRIENAL) from 2003 to 2020. The Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. echograms with >70% of same species composition and with a higher abundance than 1000 individuals were pre-processed using Echoview software and used as training set for later species classification by classification models. In this way we contribute to an objective: reproducible and relatively fast identification of species for a multiparametric characterization of the of pelagic components.

Keywords: Acoustics, echogram, schools, automatic classification, machine learning.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 37 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.12 Study of the communities of a complex circalittoral rocky shelf in the Cantabrian Sea (Southern Bay of Biscay).

A. Rodríguez 1, *, P. Ríos 1, B. Arrese 2, J. Cristobo 3, T. P. Ibarrola 3, M. Gómez-Ballesteros 2, E. Prado 1, A. Abad-Uribarren 1, F. Sánchez 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The present study is located in the central Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Bis- cay), in front of the Asturian city of Avilés. This area is characterized by rocky outcrops in an east-west direction that alternate with depressed areas containing high sedimentary coverage. Surrounding the living rock, a great abundance of boulders in sedimentary sub- Citation: Rodríguez, A., Ríos, P., strate was found throughout the area. This rocky circalittoral shelf extends up to 600 me- Arrese, B., Cristobo, J., Ibarrola, T. P., ter depth in its northwestern part. It was sampled between 2010 and 2018 combining two Gómez-Ballesteros, M., Prado, E., different methodologies, one non-invasive using georeferenced images captured by a Abad-Uribarren, A. & Sánchez, F. ROTV (Remote Operated Towed Vehicle) in 15 visual transects, and the other by taking 2021. Study of the communities of a complex circalittoral rocky shelf in direct samplings with the rock dredge, which allowed us to complement the information the Cantabrian Sea (Southern Bay of obtained by the underwater images, since it allowed the identification of some of the spe- Biscay). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., cies observed. A total of six samplings were carried out with the rock dredge. Visual im- Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., ages were scaled in order to get species densities. The environmental characterization of Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. the area was developed through the most representative bathymetric derivatives, such as (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- Bathymetric Position Index (BPI), slope and roughness, and the backscatter, at 10 m reso- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- lution. Further, depth was used to separate the bathyal and circalittoral habitats. The se- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). lection of the BPI was carried out through the comparison of profiles at different scales, University of Oviedo, 38 pp. supported by ground-truthing analysis, in order to highlight the singularities of the rocky

outcrops. The unsupervised algorithm k-means clustering was developed to get the envi-

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ronmental characterization. Elbow method was used for the selection of the number of clusters. Finally, a SIMPER analysis based on the k-means clustering classes was carried out to determine the habitat-forming species present in each one. These studies are being carried out within the SCI (Site of Community Importance) ACS (Avilés Canyon System) within the INTEMARES project to contribute to the development of the management plan.

Keywords: Circalittoral communities, North Atlantic, Habitat mapping, Avilés Canyon System.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 38 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.13 Hard-bottom bathyal species associated to Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (Porifera, Hexactinellida).

M. González-Porto 1, *, J. M. Falcón 1, L. Martín-García 1, A. Serrano 2, A. Punzón 2, S. Barreiro 1, A. Barto- lomé 1, M. A. Blanco 2, J. F. González 1, C. L. Hernández 1, S. Jiménez 1, M. J. Lago 1, P. Martín-Sosa 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, Spain. 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 is a Hexactinellida sponge widely present on rocky bottoms in the North Atlantic. In the Canary Islands it is a common species on bath- yal rock bottoms with large hexactinellid sponges. This type of community was identified during the INDEMARES project as sensitive habitat 1170 (‘Reefs’, UE Habitats Directive, 1992). Asconema setubalense is being studied to assess the impact of fishing on habitat 1170 at “Banco de La Concepción” seamount (NE of Lanzarote) in the framework of the Citation: González-Porto, M., Falcón, INTEMARES project, Action A.4 together with colleagues from Santander Oceanographic J. M., Martín-García, L., Serrano, A., Centre. An oceanographic survey was carried out, in an effort to detect impacts by fishing Punzón, A., Barreiro, S., Bartolomé, gear, specifically longlines, on habitat-forming species across areas with different fishing A., Blanco, M. A., González, J. F., Her- pressure. Fifty-seven transects with quantitative towed remotely operated vehicle TASIFE nández, C. L., Jiménez, S., Lago, M. J. were made, of which 30 showed the hexactinellid encountered. Individuals were counted & Martín-Sosa, P. 2021. Hard-bottom and the associated species were also recorded (both inside and in the vicinity). As a result, bathyal species associated to Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (Po- a complete checklist of species associated to the A. setubalense community is presented, rifera, Hexactinellida). Arias, A., also including information about the abundance of these species and spatial relation with Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., the sponge. Furthermore, different kinds of relationship were observed, some of which Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- could be considered symbiotic. This is the first study describing the species associated beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. with the sponge A. setubalense community, and so it could be useful to describe and un- Proceedings of the XVII International derstand this community and its relationships in the Bay of Biscay, since the INTEMARES Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay research team at Santander is also working with the Asconema growth from 3D recon- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of struction. Results from this work will be applicable, in the frame of INTEMARES, to the Oviedo, 39 pp. study of A. setubalense populations in the Cantabrian Sea.

Keywords: Glass sponges, Bycatch, Longline, Canary Islands. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 39 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.14 Do wastewater treatment plant discharges drive rocky sub- tidal community shifts? A case study.

L. Huguenin 1, 2, 3, *, Y. Lalanne 2, M. N. de Casamajor 4, J-M. Gorostiaga 3, E. Quintano 3, M. Monperrus 1, 2.

1 CNRS/ Univ PAU & PAYS ADOUR/ E2S UPPA, institut des sciences analytiques et de physico- chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux – MIRA, UMR5254, 64600, ANGLET, France 2 UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/ E2S UPPA, College STEE –1 Allée Parc Montaury, 64600 Anglet, France 3 Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. 4 IFREMER -Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Arcachon (FED 4155 MIRA) -1 allée du parc Montaury, 64600 Anglet, France. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Contamination by wastewater discharges is one of the main anthropogenic Citation: Huguenin, L., Lalanne, Y., de Casamajor, M. N., Gorostiaga, J- stressors affecting rocky shores assemblages around the world. Considering both M., Quintano, E. & Monperrus M. macroalgae and macrofauna, this study aims to assess the potential impact of treatment 2021. Do wastewater treatment plant plant discharges on rocky subtidal benthic assemblages in a location exposed to strong discharges drive rocky subtidal com- hydrodynamics (Southeastern Bay of Biscay). Based on different methodologies in com- munity shifts? A case study. Arias, pliance with European Directives, their response to two different subtidal habitats was A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., assessed through multivariate and multimetric approaches within an impact-control sam- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- pling design. Multivariate analyses allowed to assess the effluent effects on the composi- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. tion and abundances of macroalgae and macrofauna, morphofunctional groups and eco- Proceedings of the XVII International logical groups. Present data with those obtained in previous studies were compared. Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Changes were highlighted in the relative abundance of some bioindicators (sensitive vs. Oviedo, 40 pp. opportunistic), especially for macroalgae, indicating a slight-to-moderate impact of the effluent. By contrast, impact assessment using multimetric approaches was not consistent with that obtained by multivariable analysis techniques. The latter approach seemed to Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. be more sensitive for impact detection. Finally, new approaches integrating macrofauna in the assessment of benthic community changes related to WWTP were discussed.

Keywords: Macroalgae, Macrofauna, Sewage, Ecological Quality Status, WFD, MSFD.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 40 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.15 Ecological traits identification of recent space-time changes in demersal communities.

J. Polo-Sainz 1, *, L. López-López 2, J. M. González-Irusta 1, M. Hidalgo 1, A. Esteban 3, E. García 3, M. Vivas 3, A. Rodríguez 1, A. Serrano 1, E. Guijarro 3, A. Punzón 1.

1 Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. Instituto Español de Oceanografía 2 Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares. Instituto Español de Oceanografía 3 Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia. Instituto Español de Oceanografía * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Trait-based approaches in ecological research are capable of reducing the com- plexity of ecological communities, aiding to understand and predict changes in their struc- ture and function. In this work, we used Community Mean Weighted Ecological Traits (CMWETs) to evaluate space-time changes in demersal communities between 1994 and Citation: Polo-Sainz, J., López-López, 2017 in two temperate ecosystems in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The L., González-Irusta, J. M., Hidalgo, CMWETs were calculated based on a set of 10 ecological traits compiled from bioclimatic M., Esteban, A., García, E., Vivas, M., envelope models (AQUAMAPS) and presence data (OBIS) for the most relevant 250 spe- Rodríguez, A., Serrano, A., Guijarro, cies in these communities, weighted by the species abundances recorded by two Interna- E. & Punzón, A. 2021. Ecological tional Bottom Trawl Surveys (4300 stations sampled during almost four decades of warm- traits identification of recent space- ing). While trends in community mean weighted temperature were expected to follow the time changes in demersal communi- ties. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., water warming trends in the study areas, our results evidence as well changes in other Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., ecological traits, such as salinity, depth or maximum latitude of the community, which, Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. through environmental forcing on the community’s biodynamics, explain gradual shifts (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- following the environmental cues of climate change. ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). Keywords: Bio-climatic models, Community-weighted mean, Cantabrian Sea, global University of Oviedo, 41 pp. warming, fishing pressure.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 41 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.16 Diversity of echinoids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ INDE- MARES).

L. M. García-Guillén 1, *, T. Saucede 2, A. Macías-Ramírez 1, P. Ríos 3, M. E. Manjón-Cabeza 1.

1 Departamento de Biología Animal. Universidad de Málaga, Spain 2 Deputy Director – Biogéosciences Univ. Bourgogne France – Comté. 6 BD Gabriel, F-21000 Di- jon, France 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Galicia Bank is a submarine mountain which is located at a distance of 97 nautical miles from the Galicia Coast. The distance and the isolation besides the oceano- graphic features of a submarine mountain in the middle of the ocean, turn the area in a hot point of diversity. Few previous surveys studied that zone: Hespérides (1976), MII

Citation: García-Guillén, L. M., Sau- CSIC (1980-1981), but the most of records in the area come from the cruise Fauna Ibérica cede, T., Macías-Ramírez, A., Ríos, P. II (1991). This study includes the samples of Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from & Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. 2021. Diver- the expeditions BANGAL 2010 and BANGAL 2011 (LIFE+ INDEMARES project). This sity of echinoids in Galicia Bank (Pro- study has identified 147 specimens (24 specimens belonged to the 2010 expedition and ject LIFE+ INDEMARES). Arias, A., 123 to the 2011) which were identified as 12 species found in 27 stations, where the most Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., commont species was Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (60.71%) followed by Sperosoma gri- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- maldii Koehler, 1897 (17.85%). The most abundant species were Plexechinus hirsutus beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Mortensen, 1905 (43.53%) and Cidaris cidaris (43.53%). Comparing these results with the Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay Spanish Echinoderms checklist, three new records were found: Echinocyamus grandiporus of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Mortensen, 1907, Plexechinus hirsutus and Gracilechinus affinis (Mortensen, 1903). In addi- Oviedo, 42 pp. tion, two of them are new records for the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula waters and the Can- tabrian Sea: Echinocyamus grandiporus and Holanthus expergitus (Lovén, 1871). The check- list consists of 27 echinoid species in this area. The study found 12 species: 8 included in the checklist and 4 new records for the area. This difference can be explained because: Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. some are shallow-water species as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) or Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816); other species are present in a greater depth as Pourtalesia mi- randa A. Agassiz, 1869, some species can be found in Avilés Canyons System as Echinus melo Lamarck, 1816 and the other ones could be incorrectly identified as Hygrosoma petersii (A. Agassiz, 1880).

Keywords: Echinodermata, sea urchins, LIFE projects, Galician waters.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 42 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.17 Diversity of asteroids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ INDE- MARES).

L. M. García-Guillén 1, *, A. Macías-Ramírez 1, P. Ríos 2, M. E. Manjón-Cabeza 1.

1 Departamento de Biología Animal. Universidad de Málaga, Spain. 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Galicia Bank is a submarine mountain which is located at a distance of 97 nautical miles from the Galician Coast. The distance and the isolation besides the oceano- graphic features of a submarine mountain in the middle of the ocean, turn the area in a hot point of diversity. Few previous surveys studied this zone: Hespérides (1976), MII CSIC (1980-1981), but the most of records in the area come from the cruise Fauna Ibérica II (1991). This study includes the samples of asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Citation: García-Guillén, L. M., Ma- the expeditions BANGAL 2010 and BANGAL 2011 (LIFE+ INDEMARES project). In this cías-Ramírez, A., Ríos, P. & Manjón- study 271 specimens have been identified (83 belonged to the 2010 expedition and 188 to Cabeza, M. E. 2021. Diversity of aste- the 2011) which were identified as 18 species found in 46 stations, where the most often roids in Galicia Bank (Project LIFE+ occurrrent species was Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1884) (41.30%) followed by Peltaster INDEMARES). Arias, A., Ríos, P., placenta (Müller & Troschel, 1842) (32.60%). The most abundant species were Per- Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., sephonaster patagiatus (Sladen, 1889) (26.56%) and Eremicaster crassus (Sladen, 1883) Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of (14.76%). Comparing these results with the Spanish Echinoderms checklist, four new rec- the XVII International Symposium on ords were found: Circeaster americanus (A.H. Clark, 1916), Eremicaster crassus, Hymenaster Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- giboryi Perrier, 1894 and Podosphaeraster thalassae Cherbonnier, 1970. Besides, three of them BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 43 pp. are new records for the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula waters and the Cantabrian Sea: Hymen- aster giboryi, Circeaster americanus and Eremicaster crassus. The checklist consists of 62 as- teroid species in this area. In the study were found 18 species: 14 included in the checklist Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. and 4 new records for the area. This difference can be explained because: some are shal- low-water species as genus Astropecten Gray, 1840; some species can be found in Avilés Canyons System as Plutonaster bifrons (Wyville Thomson, 1873), and the other ones could be incorrectly identified as Hymenodiscus coronata (Sars, 1871).

Keywords: Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Life projects, Galician waters.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 43 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.18 More than 60 years of studies on marine tardigrades in the Bay of Biscay. Past, present and future.

M. Rubal 1, 2, *, D. Carreira-Flores 3, P. Fontoura 2, 4, P. Veiga 1, 2.

1 Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 3 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho Braga, Portugal 4 MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Lisboa, Portugal * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The first studies on marine tardigrades in Bay of Biscay were carried out by Renaud-Mornant during the 50s of the past century. As a result of these studies, focused on Arcachon (France), seven intertidal species, including two new species of the genus Batillipes, were recorded. Later, during the 70s and 80s, she recorded eight other species,

Citation: Rubal, M., Carreira-Flores, one of them sublittoral and seven (5 new for science) from the deep sea (one in collabora- D., Fontoura, P. & Veiga, P. 2021. tion with Kristensen). During the same period, in a wide revision of the genus Echinis- More than 60 years of studies on ma- coides along the European Atlantic shores Kristensen and Hallas described two new sub- rine tardigrades in the Bay of Biscay. species of Echiniscoides sigismundi Schultze, 1865 present in the north of Spain. It took more Past, present and future. Arias, A., than two decades until the next study on marine tardigrades from Bay of Biscay was pub- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., lished. In that study (2009), we recorded two unidentified species of Batillipes and noticed Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- the presence of Batillipes dicrocercus Pollock 1970 from rías do Barqueiro and Foz (Galicia, beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Spain). Recently (2018), based on new material collected in Portugal, we have described Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay the two unidentified species as new for science. Moreover, the comparison of individuals of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of assigned to Batillipes pennaki Marcus, 1946 with specimens from Portugal, Brazil, USA and Oviedo, 44 pp. the Mediterranean revealed the existence of a new pseudocryptic species. Currently, we are exploring tardigrade diversity from Zostera beds in Ribadeo (Galicia) and to date three different species were reported. Nowadays, about 20 species of marine tardigrades have Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. been reported from Bay of Biscay but, many of them (e.g. B. dicrocercus, B. mirus, Echinis- coides sp.) should be revised to clarify their taxonomic status, as done for B. pennaki. Most of the studies on this area were focused on transitional ecosystems and sporadic sampling on rocky shores or deep sea. In the future, the exploration of more habitats will certainly increase the number of species recorded in this area.

Keywords: Intertidal, deep sea, rocky shores, sedimentary habitats.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 44 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.19 Mercury and emerging pollutants contamination in feathers of resident Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) in the south- eastern of the Bay of Biscay.

E. Milon 1, *, I. Castège 1, N. Zorrozua 2, J. Arizaga 2, C. Sanpera 3, 4, Y. Lalanne 5, C. Sarran 1, 6, M. Monperrus6.

1 Centre de la Mer de Biarritz, Plateau de l'Atalaye, 64200, Biarritz, France. 2 Department of Ornithology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Zorroagagaina 11, E-20014, Donostia, Spain. 3 Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain. 4 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain 5 UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, UFR Sciences et Techniques de la Côte Basque –1 Allée Parc Montaury, 64600 Anglet, France 6 CNRS/ Univ Pau & Pays Adour/ E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l‘Environnement et les Matériaux – MIRA, UMR 5254, 64600, Anglet, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Milon, E., Castège, I., Zorro- zua, N., Arizaga, J., Sanpera, C., La- Abstract: Mercury (Hg) and emerging pollutants i.e. personal care products and some lanne, Y., Sarran, C. & Monperrus, M. pharmaceuticals present a new global water quality challenge with potentially serious 2021. Mercury and emerging pollu- tants contamination in feathers of res- threats to human health and ecosystems. These pollutants have the potential to bioaccu- ident Yellow-legged Gull (Larus mulate in the trophic chain but remain poorly studied, especially for the pharmaceuticals. michahellis) in the south-eastern of the The Yellow-Legged Gull Larus michahellis (YLG) is a long-lived bird occupying high Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- trophic levels and permits non-lethal sampling through feather collection, hence could be ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- a good candidate to assess pollutants. We sampled adult feathers from breeding YLG varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & from eight colonies along the French and Spanish coast in the southeastern of the Bay of Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of Biscay to assess mercury species and 45 pharmaceuticals concentrations. First results in- the XVII International Symposium on dicated high mercury concentrations in gull feathers (5,742 ± 2,588 ng/g) above the toxicity Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 45 pp. threshold suggested in the literature, and differences among different colonies. We also found a significant correlation between the percentage of organic mercury and total mer- cury. 35 pharmaceuticals were detected, with a range of 8 to 13 compounds per sample. Some pollutants were found in all the colonies, including antibiotic (1,211 ± 0,596 ng/g), Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. antiarrhythmic (0,032 ± 0.012 ng/g) and caffeine with the highest concentration (58,171 ± 33,772 ng/g). This preliminary study is the first evaluating a large diversity of pharmaceu- tical residues in seabird feathers. Moreover, it identifies some major compounds also found in sediments and benthic fauna of the area, suggesting that these emerging pollu- tants can be transferred across the food web. The foraging strategies of the YLG and the source of the contaminants are then discussed. Yellow-Legged Gull seems a reliable bio- monitor of marine ecosystems for mercury and emerging pollutants. Further research is needed to assess the toxicity impact of the emerging pollutant on seabird populations.

Keywords: Seabirds, pharmaceuticals, bioaccumulation.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 45 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.20 Preliminary results of epifauna collected in the INTEMARES CAPBRETON Expeditions (2019-2020).

P. Ríos 1, *, C. Boza 2, A. Calvo-Díaz 2, T.P. Ibarrola 2, A. Altuna 3, E. Manjón-Cloute 4, F. Sánchez 1, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, E. Prado 1, C. Rodríguez-Cabello 1, M. Gómez-Ballesteros 5, B. Arrese 5, I. P. Díez 5, I. Galparsoro 6, J. M. Garmendia 6, J. Cristobo 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain 3 INSUB, Zemoria 12, E-20013 San Sebastián, Spain. 4 Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain 5 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, Spain 6 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Ríos, P., Boza, C., Calvo- Abstract: The INTEMARES-CapBreton 0619 and 0620 surveys have been developed for Díaz, A., Ibarrola, T. P., Altuna, A., fifteen days of June 2019 and 2020, on board the research vessel R/V Ramón Margalef. Manjón-Cloute, E., Sánchez, F., Ro- These oceanographic expeditions were carried out in the context of the LIFE-IP- dríguez-Basalo, A., Prado, E., Rodrí- INTEMARES project "Integrated, innovative and participatory management of the Natura 2000 guez-Cabello, C., Gómez-Ballesteros, Network in the Spanish marine environment", specifically developed in the structure of the M., Arrese, B., Díez, I., Galparsoro, I., action A.2.2 "Actions to improve the knowledge for the declaration of new marine spaces due to Garmendia, J. M. & Cristobo, J. 2021. their importance for habitats”. The main objectives were the geomorphological and sedi- Preliminary results of epifauna col- mentary characterization of the area, as well as a first biological characterization of the lected in the INTEMARES CAPBRE- TON Expeditions (2019-2020). Arias, benthic communities. This communication presents the preliminary results of the A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., macrofauna collected in these two campaigns. A total of 5951 invertebrate samples have Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- been obtained in 33 stations between 98 and 794 m in depth; 13 with a rock dredge and 20 beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. with a beam trawl. In addition, non-invasive sampling studies of the benthic communities Proceedings of the XVII International have been developed in both, sedimentary and hard substrata bottoms, which covered a Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay total of 40 video transects with the POLITOLANA, Remote Operated Towed Vehicle of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of (ROTV). In general terms, the rocky bottoms in the area are dominated by the Porifera, Oviedo, 46 pp. Cnidarian, Mollusca and Brachiopoda groups; most of the specimens are encrusting

sponges, belonging to the Hymedesmiidae family, but in certain localities the so-called “fan sponges” included in the Axinellida order are frequent, which provide protection to Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. other organisms against the currents, as well as structuring species of the genera Geodia and Pachastrella. Dendrophyllia cornigera is the most abundant scleractinian in deep rocky bottoms of the continental shelf. The soft bottoms are dominated by the Arthropoda, Echi- nodermata, Mollusca and Cnidaria taxa.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Capbreton Canyon, Macrofauna, Biscay Bay, Deep-Sea.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 46 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.21 Optimization of the use of biological traits susceptible to climate change and fishing pressure to characterize ecosystems vulnerability.

M. Sainz-Bariain 1, *, J. Polo-Sainz 1, A. Punzón 1, L. López-López 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Biological information on functional and structural species traits, such as feed- ing ecology, body size, reproduction, and life-history are becoming essential to under- stand and predict changes in species and ecosystem functioning and their interactions. That is vital when using this information as a tool for monitoring global change as well as

Citation: Sainz-Bariain, M., Polo- for management of marine ecosystems. Marine species databases as WoRMS, BIOTIC, Sainz, J., Punzón, A. & López-López, FishBase, and SeaLifeBase, contain information on biological and ecological traits. How- L. 2021. Optimization of the use of bi- ever, although the available information for many species is substantial, for some less ological traits susceptible to cli-mate studied species, results are incomplete or must be inferred from higher taxonomic levels. change and fishing pressure to char- Thus, for many of these traits to be available for every marine vertebrate and invertebrate acterize ecosystems vulnerability. species a considerable amount of effort and resources would need to be committed. After Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- an exhaustive review of the previously mentioned databases together with more than 200 chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., scientific publications, 15 biological traits including longevity, size and body shape, re- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- production, distribution, mobility and habitat, and feeding preferences, were selected to ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- complete a database for the most relevant 247 species from the Cantabrian and the Medi- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). terranean Sea. These species (143 Fishes and 104 Invertebrates) were selected due to their University of Oviedo, 47 pp. conservation interest to society. That is, because they are introduced or invasive, of com- mercial interest, harmful, or used as ecological indicators. The dataset includes biological information, together with additional supporting information, including references of the main sources of information and the taxonomic resolution for each trait. Here we pre- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. sent the results of the review of the availability of biological traits for the selected species as well as the effect of taxonomic resolution once the dataset is brought into use. This analysis will allow the identification of the most valuable traits for end users wishing to compare traits across taxa on the assessment and prediction of global change effects on marine communities.

Keywords: Biological information, Cantabrian and Mediterranean Seas, database, global change effects.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 47 of 143

Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.22 Deep learning supported high resolution mapping of vul- nerable habitats. Its application to the rocky bottoms of the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay).

A. Abad-Uribarren 1, *, E. Prado 1, A. Cobo-García 2, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, S. Sierra-Menéndez 2, M. Gómez- Ballesteros 3, P. Ríos 1, B. Arrese 3, J. Cristobo 4, I. P. Díez 3, F. Sánchez 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Universidad de Cantabria, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica e Ing. Sistemas y Automática, Santander, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid, Spain 4 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Knowledge of the spatial distribution of vulnerable habitats is a key element on habitat conservation and the development of marine spatial management strategies. Citation: Abad-Uribarren, A., Prado, Although obtaining information on species distribution in deep sea rocky habitats has E., Cobo-García, A., Rodríguez-Ba- traditionally been an arduous and complicated task, the recent development of underwa- salo, A., Sierra-Menéndez, S., Gómez- ter remote sensing techniques has led to a massive increase in the collection of digital Ballesteros, M., Ríos, P., Arrese, B., imagery. However, processing all this information has led to another bottleneck. Manual Cristobo, J., Díez, I. P. & Sánchez, F. labeling of biota demands significant time, labor, and money, as experts spend a substan- 2021. Deep learning supported high tial amount of time on each of thousands of images. The use of computer vision and deep resolution mapping of vulnerable habitats. Its application to the rocky learning to automate image processing has substantial benefits but has rarely been bottoms of the Capbreton Canyon adopted within the field of marine ecology. Description and prospective mapping of 1170 (Bay of Biscay). Arias, A., Ríos, P., reefs habitat (EU Habitats Directive) for the rocky circalittoral bottoms of the Capbreton Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Canyon were performed integrating environmental and species distribution data in a Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt). Presence and absence observations of habitat-form- Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of ing species were obtained through deep learning processing (object detection algorithm the XVII International Symposium on RetinaNet with ResNet101 convolucional network) of more than 7500 high resolution Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- photographs taken by the photogrammetric sled ROTV Politolana. Environmental data BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 48 pp. included physical and biological characteristics derived from satellite data and oceano- graphic models, and morphometric parameters derived from high-resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry data. Our results gave a first description of the 1170

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. habitat distribution for the study area, one of the objectives in the scope of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project, and proved the efficacy and utility of deep-learning classification algorithms, comparing the accuracy and speed against human counterparts. Within the framework of Deep-RAMP project, this study validates the integration of deep learning species identification techniques and species distribution modeling to define and describe benthic habitats and biotopes of special conservation interest, and to map their geographic distribution, in a fast, simple and inexpensive way.

Keywords: Marine vulnerable habitats, benthic habitats mapping, rocky circalittoral.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.23 Polychaete diversity from cold-water corals of the Central Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

E. Pascual-Parra 1, *, A. Arias 1.

1 Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Cold water corals (CWCs) are among the most intriguing and mysterious deep- sea ecosystems. They form complex structures which provide predation refuge, optimal feeding location, nursery grounds and physical support for a great diversity of associated species. In the North Atlantic, the dominant reef-framework forming coral species, Desmophyllum pertusum and Madrepora oculata, form symbiotic associations with several invertebrate species, outstanding the relationship with the eunicid polychaete Eunice norvergica. We have studied the polychaete fauna from colonies of mainly D. pertusum, Citation: Pascual-Parra, E. & Arias, sampled between 731 and 805 m depth in the Central Cantabrian Sea by the COCACE A. 2021. Polychaete diversity from Oceanographic Cruise (1987-1988). We identified 368 specimens belonging to 24 species cold-water corals of the Central Can- of 10 families (i.e. Eunicidae, Syllidae, Phyllodocidae, Polynoidae, Maldanidae, Serpuli- tabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay). Arias, A., dae, Sabellidae, Ampharetidae, Hesionidae and Sigalionidae). The hesionid Leocrates at- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., lanticus was the most abundant species found, with a percentage of 56.52%. The second Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. most common species was the eunicid E. norvegica with 10.32%. However, in terms of Proceedings of the XVII International biomass E. norvegica was the most representative species. The Eunicidae was the best rep- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay resented family, harbouring seven different species belonging to the genera Eunice and of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Lysidice. Two of them, one for each genus were not consistent with the diagnosis of any Oviedo, 49 pp. species of the genera and may represent new species or unreported juvenile phases of other of the described species found. The great polychaete diversity found highlights the importance of these habitats as hot-spots of Atlantic diversity and the need of further Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. study on these ecosystems, because its actual biodiversity and vulnerability remains un- known.

Keywords: Desmophyllum pertusum, Madrepora oculata, Eunicidae, Eunice, biodiversity.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

1.24 Seamounts, canyons and slope: the preference of a new stilipedid amphipod from the Bay of Biscay.

I. Frutos 1, *, J. C. Sorbe 2.

1 University of Lodz, Poland 2 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Stilipedidae is a cosmopolitan family of amphipods, with only the genera Astyra and Stilipes occurring in the NE Atlantic. Two Astyra species (A. abyssi Boeck, 1871 and A. longipes Stephensen, 1933) have been reported in boreal waters around Iceland and Norwegian seas, whereas Stilipes has been recorded only in temperate waters of the Bay of Biscay. An undescribed upper slope species ascribed to the genus Stilipes was firstly reported by Lagardère in 1977, and subsequently sampled by suprabenthic sledges in the Citation: Frutos, I. & Sorbe, J. C. 2021. Cap Ferret Canyon area. During recent investigations on suprabenthic assemblages from Seamounts, canyons and slope: the the Capbreton and Avilés canyons as well as from the Le Danois and Galicia banks, new preference of a new stilipedid amphi- specimens have been sampled. Their morphological study showed that they belong to a pod from the Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., species new to science, discriminated from the four known species S. distinctus Holmes, Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., 1908; S. lacteus (K.H. Barnard, 1932); S. sanguineus (Hurley, 1954) and S. macquarensis Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- Berge, 2003. This new species, the second one inhabiting the northern hemisphere, was beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International sampled in near-bottom water layers with several multinet suprabenthic sledges towed Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay over the sea floor between 350 and 1013 m depth. Within its known distributional area, it of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of is a very rare species with a maximum abundance registered on the Galicia Bank (12.9 Oviedo, 50 pp. ind./100 m2), living on muddy bottoms in the canyons, on fine sands at the Le Danois Bank and medium sands at the Galician Bank. Although suspected to be a mesopelagic species, as mentioned for S. distinctus and S. lacteus, the data herein presented demonstrate that Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. the new Stilipes colonizes, at least temporarily, the near-bottom environment, thus exhib- iting from time to time a suprabenthic behaviour.

Keywords: Suprabenthos, deep-sea, Amphipoda, new species, NE Atlantic.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.25 INTEMARES Capbreton Canyon System: an ecosystem multidisciplinary study.

M. Gómez-Ballesteros 1, *, B. Arrese 1, I. P. Díez 1, A. Rodríguez 2, I. Galparsoro 3, J. M. Garmendia 3, N. Martínez-Carreño 4, J. G. Rodríguez 3, P. Ríos 5, J. Cristobo 5, T. P. Ibarrola 5, C. Rodríguez-Cabello 2, E. Prado 2, M. Sayago 6, O. Sánchez-Guillamón 4, C. López-Rodríguez 4, F. Sánchez 2.

1 IEO – Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Madrid, Spain 2 IEO – Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander, Spain 3 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Pasaia, Spain 4 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Málaga, Spain 5 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Gijón, Spain 6 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Cádiz, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Within the framework of the EU-funded LIFE IP INTEMARES project ‘Inte-

Citation: Gómez-Ballesteros, M., grated, innovative and participatory management of the Natura 2000 network in the Arrese, B., Díez, I. P., Rodríguez, A., Spanish marine environment’, the Capbreton canyon system, located in front of Basque Galparsoro, I., Garmendia, J. M., Country coast (Bay of Biscay), is included as a study area to carry out to the declaration Martínez-Carreño, N., Rodríguez, J. of a new marine protected area according to its importance for habitats and species. The G., Ríos, P., Cristobo, J., Ibarrola, T. main objective of the investigation in this area was to identify and map Vulnerable Marine P., Rodríguez-Cabello, C., Prado, E., Ecosystems (VME), in order to increase the knowledge on canyon system functioning in Sayago, M., Sánchez-Guillamón, O., the ecosystems and study their conservation status and threats. This integrated study will López-Rodríguez, C., & Sánchez, F. 2021. INTEMARES Capbreton Can- contribute to the selection and proposal of protected sites to be included in the existing yon System: an ecosystem multidisci- Natura 2000 marine Network. Following the ecosystem approach, a multidisciplinary plinary study. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- methodological investigation was conducted along two oceanographic surveys on board ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- the R/V Ramon Margalef in 2019 and 2020 using different geological to geophysical, phys- varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & ical, biological (benthic and pelagic) and ecological techniques, as the multibeam and par- Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of ametric echosounder systems and high resolution imagery (video and photographs) rec- the XVII International Symposium on orded with the underwater vehicle ROTV Politolana. The main results have yielded a Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- mapping of 3850 km2 of the seafloor including the main canyon and adjacent shallow BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 51 pp. platforms that will provide an essential base for understanding and characterizing the

presence and distribution of benthic communities and the interaction and processes of the Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. bottom circulation patterns. In addition, the shallow structure provides data regarding the changes that have taken place in time on bottom currents and sedimentation patterns which would affect the settlement of habitats 1170 (Reefs) of Community Importance of the Annex I of the Habitats Directive, as well as their potential spatial modeling distribu- tion across the study area.

Keywords: INTEMARES project, marine geology, Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME), Bay of Biscay.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.26 New records of Bivalvia and Gastropoda (Mollusca) on the southern Bay of Biscay and Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic).

T.P. Ibarrola 1, *, A. Calvo-Díaz 1, P. Ríos 2, C. Boza 1, F. Sánchez 2, J. Cristobo 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. CO.Gijón. Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. CO.Santander. Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: teo.ibarrola@gmail.

Abstract: The Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO) carried out several research surveys in the framework of the Life+INDEMARES, ECOMARG and, SponGES projects both fo- cused on the study of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMS), mainly cold water corals (CWC) and deep sea sponge grounds, respectively. The study areas were the Galicia Bank located to 200 nm off the northwest Iberian Peninsula, the Aviles Canyon System and Le Danois Bank on the north Iberian margin. Part of the Mollusca samples obtained are Citation: Ibarrola, T. P., Calvo-Díaz, housed on the CO Gijón. The samples were obtained mainly by rock dredge. Most abun- A., Ríos, P., Boza, C., Sánchez, F. & dant species were associated to CWC, as Delectopecten vitreus, Asperarca nodulosa, Spondy- Cristobo, J. 2021. New records of Bi- lus gussonii, Lima marioni, Calliostoma maurolici, C. leptophyma, Amphissa acutecostata, Coral- valvia and Gastropoda (Mollusca) on liophilia richardi, Emarginula tuberculosa, E. christianseni, in accordance with the dredge tar- the southern Bay of Biscay and Gali- get bottoms. The study of this collection reveals the presence of some unusual species; cia Bank (NE Atlantic). Arias, A., Cylindriscala mirifica, Toroidia merianae and Pseudohinnites hemiradiatus whose records re- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- ported herein extend their known geographic distribution. Cylindriscala mirifica (P. Fischer beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. in Filhol, 1886), only known to date in the Azores and Canaries area, the specimen ob- Proceedings of the XVII International tained on the Aviles Canyon System extends their distribution to the southern Bay of Bis- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay cay. The genus Toroidia Hoffman & Freiwald, 2018 has three described species to date, of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of only known by their shells, associated to CWC areas. Toroidia merianae Hoffman & Frei- Oviedo, 52 pp. wald, 2018 only known on a mound complex off Mauritania, associated to Desmophyllum pertusum rubble. T. merianae was collected on the Ecomarg 0719 survey, this record ex-

tends its distribution northward to the southern Bay of Biscay. Pseudohinnites hemiradiatus Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. (De Folin, 1887), the known distribution of this species is based on the type locality (NW Africa) and few specimens, frequently incomplete, obtained by the French Seamount 2 campaigne in Meteor, Irving and Cruiser banks. The complete and live specimen obtained extends its known distribution northward to Galicia Bank.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Epitoniidae, Eucyclidae, Pectinidae.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.27 The contribution of siliceous sponges to the silicon cycle of a diatom-rich shallow bay.

M. López-Acosta 1, 2, *, M. Maldonado 3, J. Grall 4, C. Sitjà 3, C. Galobart 3, A. Ehrhold 5, A. Leynaert 2.

1 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain 2 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France 3 Centre d’EstudisAvançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB- CSIC), Blanes, Spain 4 Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France 5 IFREMER, Géosciences Marines, Plouzané, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: López-Acosta, M., Maldo- Abstract: There is great interest in studying the cycling of silicon in marine environments nado, M., Grall, J., Sitjà, C., Galobart, because this nutrient is key to the functioning of marine ecosystems. Silicon is an essential C., Ehrhold, A. & Leynaert, A. 2021. nutrient for a wide variety of marine micro- and macro-organisms, the silicifiers, which The contribution of siliceous sponges need it to build their skeletal structures. In coastal waters, planktonic and benthic silicifi- to the silicon cycle of a diatom-rich shallow bay. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- ers have to share the pool of dissolved silicon. While the contribution of planktonic dia- ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- toms to the cycling of silicon in coastal systems is generally well studied, that of benthic varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & silicifiers such as sponges remains largely unaddressed. Herein we present the silicon Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of stocks and flux rates related to the sponge community of the Bay of Brest (France), a shal- the XVII International Symposium on low-water, highly productive ecosystem the annual primary production of which is dom- Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- inated by diatoms. A total of 45 siliceous sponge species living in the Bay provide a total BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 53 pp. standing stock of 1550 tons of silicon, which is about 50 times greater than that of diatoms. The sponge silicon reservoir accumulated in the superficial sediments of the Bay also

largely exceeds diatom accumulation. These comparatively large stocks of sponge silicon Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. are estimated to cycle 20 to 100 times slower than equivalent diatom stocks. While sponge silicon turnover occurs over years to decades, diatom turnover lasts only days. Our results highlight that the silicon budget in sponge communities is substantially different from that in diatom assemblages, indicating that the comparison between these two groups of silicifiers is not straightforward due to their contrasting biological features (benthic and long-lived vs. planktonic and short-lived).They also suggest that if the increasing human- induced perturbations to marine benthic communities seriously affect sponge communi- ties, their large silicon stocks and reservoirs will likely be impacted. This could eventually trigger imbalances in the silicon budget of coastal systems, which may require decades to restore the equilibrium of the benthic-pelagic environment.

Keywords: Silicon, silicifiers, sponges, coastal ocean, benthic-pelagic coupling.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 53 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.28 Recent Brachiopod diversity and distribution from the cen- tral Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Bis- cay).

N. Anadón 1, *, I. Fernández-Rodríguez 1, 2, A. Arias 1.

1 Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (Zoology), University of Oviedo, Spain. 2 Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO/CSIC/PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: An accurate knowledge of the species diversity from deep-sea ecosystems is an imperative requirement to manage protection of these environments in a context of global change and biodiversity loss. We have examined the Brachiopoda samples collected dur- ing the COCACE (1987-88) and BIOCANT (2012-13) oceanographic cruises, from the

Citation: Anadón, N., Fernández-Ro- Avilés Canyon Systems (ACS) in the central Cantabrian Sea. The ACS is included in the dríguez, I. & Arias, A. 2021. Recent Natura 2000 (i.e., Avilés canyon system ESZZZI2003 Site of Community Importance SCI) Brachiopod diversity and distribu- for its high biodiversity and for harboring vulnerable habitats such as a community of tion from the central Cantabrian Sea Cold-Water Corals Desmophyllum pertusum and Madrepora oculata. The specimens were and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay taken on the continental shelf, slope and bathyal zones from depths ranging from 117 to of Biscay). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, 4700 m depth. Eight hundred and nine specimens belonging to fifteen species, in twelve H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, families, were recognized. The species Dyscolia subquadrata is hitherto not recorded from A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, the area, this being its first record in the Cantabrian Sea. Information about the species J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanogra- habitat and geographical distribution is provided and compared with data from the liter- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). ature. University of Oviedo, 54 pp. Keywords: Brachiopoda, biodiversity, bathymetry, Iberian Peninsula, invertebrates.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 54 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.29 Deep-learning approach to improve knowledge about a Cold Water Coral Reef in the La Gaviera Canyon (Bay of Biscay).

E. Prado 1, *, A. Cobo-García 2, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, S. Sierra-Menéndez 2, M. Gómez-Ballesteros 3, P. Ríos 1, B. Arrese 3, J. Cristobo 4, I. P. Díez 3, A. Abad-Uribarren 1, F. Sánchez 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Universidad de Cantabria, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica e Ing. Sistemas y Automá- tica, Santander, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid, Spain 4 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are one of the most important and least known marine ecosystems. These reefs are vulnerable habitat according to the EU Habitats Di-

Citation: Prado, E., Cobo-García, A., rective, under the category 1170 reefs. They are located at great depth and far from the Rodríguez-Basalo, A., Sierra-Menén- coast. These two characteristics make their study complex from the point of view of logis- dez, S., Gómez-Ballesteros, M., Ríos, tics and resources. CWC are three-dimensionally complex ecosystems, which encourage P., Arrese, B., Cristobo, J., Díez, I. P., numerous species to appear associated with them since these areas serve as refuge, feed- Abad-Uribarren, A. & Sánchez, F. ing or breeding grounds. This means that this type of habitat is usually associated with 2021. Deep-learning approach to im- high biodiversity. Within the SCI System of Submarine Canyons of Avilés, an important prove knowledge about a Cold Water water coral reef composed mainly of Desmophyllum pertusum and Madrepora oculata is lo- Coral Reef in the La Gaviera Canyon cated in the La Gaviera Canyon. One of the main characteristics of this type of reef is the (Bay of Biscay). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., presence of a large number of dead colonies of these species. Since these species have a Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & rigid skeleton, this calcium carbonate frame remains on the substrate and make up an Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of important part of the reef. However, the study of the health status of the reef and the the XVII International Symposium on evaluation of the proportion of the presence of live coral versus dead coral is an aspect Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- that nowadays implies a lot of time with manual annotation images. In this study, three BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 55 pp. parallel video-sections of ROTV (video and photographs) have been analyzed automati- cally. An algorithm based on deep-learning techniques is used to precisely delimit the

areas of living coral and dead coral, and thus quantify the area covered by each of the Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. classes. In addition, the most relevant species found in the area are also identified in an automated way. This study presents the first results of this approach based on image iden- tification algorithms based on deep-learning for the quantitative description of the state of a cold-water reef present in La Gaviera Canyon.

Keywords: Marine vulnerable habitats, benthic habitats mapping, Non-invasive methods.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 55 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.30 New records of Calanticidae (Cirripedia: Calanticomorpha) in the southern Bay of Biscay.

T. P. Ibarrola 1, *, A. Calvo-Díaz 1, P. Ríos 2, C. Boza 1, F. Sánchez 2, J. Cristobo 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. CO.Gijón. Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. CO.Santander. Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: teo.ibarrola@gmail.

Abstract: The study of cirriped samples obtained in the course of several research sur- veys carried out by the Spanish Oceanographic Institute (EO) in the framework of both Life+INDEMARES project (http://www.indemares.es/), ECOMARG (http://www.eco- marg.com) and SponGES project (http://www.deepseasponges.org), focused on the study on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMS) mainly cold waters corals (CWC) and deep sea sponge grounds reveals some interesting Calanticidae records. The study areas were the Citation: Ibarrola, T. P., Calvo-Díaz, Galicia Bank 200 nm off northwest Spain, the Aviles Canyon System (ACS) and Le Danois A., Ríos, P., Boza, C., Sánchez, F. & Bank in the southern Bay of Biscay. The samples were collected by several methods, but Cristobo, J. 2021. New records of Cal- mainly by rock dredge. The most frequent cirripeds were the Sessilia Order mainly anticidae (Cirripedia: Calanticomor- Metaverruca recta (Aurivillius, 1898) mostly growing on pebbles and dead brachiopods, pha) in the southern Bay of Biscay. Metaverruca trisulcata (Gruvel, 1900) abundant on the echinoid Cidaris cidaris spines and Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- Bathylasma hirsutum (Hoek, 1883). The Scalpelliformes Order by the family Scalpellidae; chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. Arcoscalpellum michellotianum (Seguenza, 1876) and Arcoscalpellum incisum (Aurivillius, (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- 1898). The Calanticidae, (Order Calanticomorpha) were represented by Smilium acutum ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- (Hoek, 1883), Aurivillialepas calycula (Aurivillius, 1898) and Scillaelepas grimaldii (Auriv- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). illius, 1898), among others. Aurivillialepas calycula (Aurivillius, 1898) was abundant on Ga- University of Oviedo, 56 pp. licia Bank, the presence of this species on Galicia Bank was studied and published by Inocenti et al., 2015. Aurivillialepas calycula was collected also by rock dredges on the ACS, growing on scleractinians Desmophyllum pertusum and Madrepora oculata. The records on Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ACS represent the first record for this species in the Bay of Biscay and extend its geo- graphic distribution. Scillaelepas grimaldii (Aurivillius, 1898), a species with known distri- bution to date in the Azores and Guinea Gulf areas was collected for the first time on Galicia Bank and ACS, the specimens reported herein extending considerably its range distribution northward and into the Bay of Biscay.

Keywords: Biodiversity, cirriped, Aurivillialepas calycula, Scillaelepas grimaldii, Aviles Can- yon System, Galicia Bank.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.31 Hybrid modeling of Gelidium corneum distribution in a changing environment: Experimental characterization of its veg- etative propagation capacity.

S. Sainz-Villegas 1, *, C. F. de la Hoz 1, E. Ramos 1, A. Puente 1, J. A. Juanes 1.

1 Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Climate change is affecting marine communities. In particular, intertidal and subtidal canopy forming seaweeds have been documented as suffering significant re- treats. One example of these retreats is the case of Gelidium corneum. Local declines of this species have been reported in the southeastern Bay of Biscay. In this sense, understanding the effects of climate change in their distributional patterns is a core requirement for

Citation: Sainz-Villegas, S., de la adopting adaptive management approaches. One of the most applied tools to deal with Hoz, C. F., Ramos, E., Puente, A. & species distribution patterns are Species Distribution Models, which combine occurrence Juanes, J. A. 2021. Hybrid modeling data with environmental variables. However, these approaches rarely consider physio- of Gelidium corneum distribution in a logical or dispersal information. For this purpose, here we present the preliminary results changing environment: Experimental of an ecophysiological experiment which attempts to characterize responses of G. characterization of its vegetative corneum’s apical re-attachment to temperature and light exposure. This laboratory exper- propagation capacity. Arias, A., Ríos, iment is expected to be the first step for building a more reliable SDM (which includes P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. additional physiological information) to predict G. corneum future distributions. We se- & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings lected apical re-attachment via vegetative propagation as it has been suggested to be one of the XVII International Symposium on of the most important factors for the dispersal and maintenance of this species’ commu- Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- nities. Two treatments were evaluated in the experiment: temperature (3 levels: 15ºC, 20ºC BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 57 pp. and 25ºC) and photon flux density (5-10 µmol/m2/s, 55-60 µmol/m2/s and 95-100 µmol/m2/s). Temperature levels tried to simulate late winter conditions, summer condi- tions and climate change scenario of summer conditions. Light treatments tried to simu- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. late different exposures. Individuals were collected from La Maruca (Santander). Higher re-attachment rates were registered at 20ºC. Nevertheless, a high percentage of necrotic tissues were found after 30 days of culture for this treatment, particularly in the larger photon flux densities. Temperature associated with the climate change scenario (25ºC) seemed to inhibit vegetative propagation. These results will contribute to a better under- standing of the evolution of G. corneum distributions in future scenarios.

Keywords: Temperature, Light, Hybrid SDMs.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.32 Bioaccumulation of total mercury and methylmercury in a deep-sea fish assemblage.

S. Romero-Romero 1, *, E. García-Ordiales 2, N. Roqueñí 1, J. L. Acuña 1.

1 Área de Ecología, Dpto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain 2 ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Despite their remoteness, deep-sea species bioaccumulate mercury, mostly in the form of methylmercury (MeHg), which is a neurotoxin that causes adverse health ef- fects. The concentration of MeHg in the water column increases with depth to reach a maximum at the permanent thermocline. However, the relationship between MeHg con-

Citation: Romero-Romero, S., García- tent in marine species and their depth of occurrence has rarely been investigated. We an- Ordiales, E., Roqueñí, N. & Acuña, J. alyzed total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentration in 25 species of fish inhabiting the L. 2021. Bioaccumulation of total Avilés Submarine Canyon and its adjacent shelf (Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay) mercury and methylmercury in a between 50 and 1750 m depth. THg concentration ranged from 0.03 mg/kg in wet weight deep-sea fish assemblage. Arias, A., (ww) in Chauliodus sloani to 4.0 mg/kg ww in Coryphaenoides guentheri. Sixty-five % of the Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., species analyzed exceeded 0.5 mg/kg ww of MeHg, the maximum level recommended by Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- FAO/WHO. THg content in muscle tissue increased with depth of occurrence for fish spe- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. cies, but the increase was primarily in the inorganic mercury form (IHg). MeHg accounted Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay for 76% of THg on average, which is lower than that in other fish communities and can be of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of explained by the high concentration of mercury present in sediments of the Nalón estuary, Oviedo, 58 pp. which discharges right off the Avilés Canyon head. MeHg content increased significantly with trophic position as determined by δ15N values, with a slope for the linear relation- ship of 0.17. The %age of THg as MeHg was also strongly correlated with δ15N values, confirming that MeHg was transferred more efficiently than IHg to higher trophic levels. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Overall, our results show that although deeper-dwelling species presented higher con- centrations of THg, their MeHg content, which is the form of toxicological concern, was primarily affected by trophic position. This prompts for caution when using THg content as a proxy of MeHg.

Keywords: THg, MeHg, biomagnification.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.33 Life history and reproductive traits of the eastern North At- lantic deep-sea quillworm Hyalinoecia robusta (Annelida: Onuphidae).

A. Arias 1, *, H. Paxton 2.

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain 2 Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Sydney, Australia. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Polychaetes or bristle worms (Annelida) are one of the best represented inver- tebrate groups in terms of species richness, abundance and biomass in marine environ- ments worldwide. The reproductive biology and life histories of polychaetes from many marine and estuarine habitats are well documented in the literature. However, our

Citation: Arias, A. & Paxton, H. 2021. knowledge of the reproduction and life cycles of deep-sea polychaetes is still far from Life history and reproductive traits of comprehensive, representing a noteworthy exception when compared to other marine the eastern North Atlantic deep-sea habitats. Onuphidae is one of the most dominant and successful families among deep-sea quillworm Hyalinoecia robusta (An- polychaetes (excluding chemosynthetic environments). The majority of onuphids live in- nelida: Onuphidae). Arias, A., Ríos, side tubes that have been constructed by the inhabitants and play important ecological P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. roles in the ecosystem. Members of the subfamily Hyalinoeciinae are characterised by L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. their peculiar lifestyle; unlike most of the group, they are free-living epibenthic species. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings The reproductive biology, sexual strategies and developmental modes of Hyalinoecia spp. of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- are largely unknown. To our knowledge no Hyalinoecia species from the deep sea, or any BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 59 pp. other deep-water onuphid polychaete, has ever been studied to assess the gametogenesis, sexuality nor sperm-transfer method. We have studied quarterly samples of the East At- lantic deep-sea quillworm Hyalinoecia robusta Southward, 1978 collected in winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2012-2013, from the adjacent slope of the Avilés submarine Can- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. yons System (Bay of Biscay) at 1500 m depth. Here we report on the annual cycle and other significant findings of the reproductive biology of H. robusta from the study site, with emphasis on gametogenesis, brooding behaviour and development, aiming to eluci- date the sexuality and sexual strategy of this intriguing species.

Keywords: Polychaetes, reproductive biology, brooding, hermaphroditism, sexual strate- gies.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.34 The role of prey and environment in driving decadal spatio- temporal patterns of a highly mobile top predator.

A. Astarloa 1, *, M. Louzao 1, J. Andrade 1, S. Berrow 1, O. Boisseau 1, T. Brereton 1, G. Dorémus 1, P. G. H. Evans 1, L. Babey 1, N. K. Hodgins 1, M. Lewis 1, J. Martinez-Cedeira 1, M. Pinsky 1, V. Ridoux 1, C. Saavedra 1, J. Thorson 1, J. J. Waggitt 1, D. Wall 1, G. Chust 1.

1 AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Understanding past reactions of species to environmental variability is crucial to be able to predict future responses and implement effective management and conser- vation strategies. This process often requires the combination of data from multiple sam- pling programmes, which increases the intrinsic variability related to observers’ skills, sampling design and sampling effort, and has the potential to confound species range Citation: Astarloa, A., Louzao, M., shifts with variations in the distribution and intensity of the sampling effort. For that rea- Andrade, J., Berrow, S., Boisseau, O., son, here we analysed the spatio-temporal patterns of the common dolphin Delphinus del- Brereton, T., Dorémus, G., Evans, P. phis in the Bay of Biscay (BoB) with a Vector Autoregressive Spatio Temporal (VAST) G. H., Babey, L., Hodgins, N. K., model that accounts for changes in sampling effort resulting from the combination of mul- Lewis, M., Martinez-Cedeira, J., Pin- sky, M., Ridoux, V., Saavedra, C., tiple datasets. By means of this model, we 1) explored changes in its abundance and dis- Thorson, J., Waggitt, J. J., Wall, D. & tribution (centre of gravity) for the 1994-2017 period, and 2) tested the effect of three sets Chust, G. 2021. The role of prey and of potential drivers (climate indices, oceanographic conditions, and prey biomasses) with environment in driving decadal spa- the aim of identifying the underlying drivers. Our results showed that the common dol- tio-temporal patterns of a highly mo- phin significantly increased in abundance in the BoB during the study period. These bile top predator. Arias, A., Ríos, P., changes were best explained by regional indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., (NAO) climate index and by prey species biomass. Local oceanographic variables such as Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & chlorophyll a concentration and temperature were less useful or not related. In addition, Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on we found high variability in the geographic centre of gravity of the species within the Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- study region, with shifts between the inner (southeast) and the outer (northwest) part of BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 60 pp. the BoB, although the majority of this variability could not be attributed to the drivers considered in the study. Overall, these findings indicate that considering temperature alone for projecting spatio-temporal patterns of highly mobile predators is insufficient and suggest important influences from prey and regional climate indices that integrate Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. multiple ecological influences.

Keywords: Common dolphin, spatio-temporal model, time series, distribution shifts.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.35 Historic collection of sponges from the Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico (MMC): 1893-1912.

P. Ríos 1, *, C. Boza 2, A. Calvo-Díaz 2, J. Cristobo 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A study of the Historical Collection of the sponges of the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, ceded to the Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico, is presented. This collection contains 89 samples corresponding with 58 species. We revised the type material of seven species described by Ferrer Hernández from the Cantabrian Sea, and originally collected by José de Rioja, Augusto G. Linares, Seoane and Domingo Orueta from the Santander and Asturias coasts and published between 1912 and 1923. We added the measurements Citation: Ríos, P., Boza, C., Calvo- and pictures of spicules of each of them and completed the original description. These Díaz, A. & Cristobo, J. 2021. Historic seven species are listed below: Vosmaeropsis oruetai Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918 -a calcareous collection of sponges from the Museo sponge; only one sample collected from the intertidal rock coast in Gijón (Label: Santan- Marítimo del Cantábrico (MMC): der); Dysidea dendyi (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1923) -a Keratosa species from the Santander 1893-1912. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, coast; Erylus cantabricus (Ferrer-Hernandez, 1912) -originally named Scutastra cantabrica; H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, several specimens, one of them on top of the decapod Dromia sp. from Santander; Mycale A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII (Carmia) bolivari Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 -two samples from Cabo Menor and La Magda- International Symposium on Oceanogra- lena (Santander); Cantabrina erecta Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 -El Cierzo (Santander); holo- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). type collected by Seoane in 03-07-1893; Artemisina hispanica Ferrer-Hernandez, 1917 -syn- University of Oviedo, 61 pp. onymized with Artemisina transiens but was never compared with the holotype; Antho (Plocamia) erecta (Ferrer-Hernández, 1923) - Mar de mares (Santander), 16-12-1896.

Keywords: Porifera, Types, Cantabrian Sea, Ferrer Hernández. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

1.36 Aviles Canyon System: Increasing the biodiversity knowledge.

J. Cristobo 1, *, P. Ríos 2, M. E. Manjón-Cabeza 3, L. Guillén 3, A. Macías-Ramírez 3, A. Altuna 4, C. Boza 1, A. Calvo-Díaz 1, S. Gofas 3, T. P. Ibarrola 1, S. Taboada 5, F. Álvarez 6, A. Lourido 7, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 2, E. Prado 2, C. Rodríguez-Cabello 2, F. Sánchez 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 3 Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain 4 INSUB, Zemoria 12, E-20013 San Sebastián, Spain. 5 Departamento Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain 6 Departamento de Geología. University of Oviedo, Spain 7 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Cristobo, J., Ríos, P., Man- jón-Cabeza, M. E., Guillén, L., Ma- Abstract: The Aviles Canyon System (ACS) SIC-ESZZ12003 is located in the continental cías-Ramírez, A., Altuna, A., Boza, C., margin of the northern Iberian Peninsula, off the eastern coast of Asturias. Three large Calvo-Díaz, A., Gofas, S., Ibarrola, T. underwater canyons stand out: Avilés, El Corbiro and La Gaviera, a marginal platform P., Taboada, S., Álvarez, F., Lourido, (Canto Nuevo) and a massive rocky peak known as Agudo de Fuera by the local fisher- A., Rodríguez-Basalo, A., Prado, E., men. It was declared SIC on the basis that it hosts one of the few cold-water coral reefs in Rodríguez-Cabello, C. & Sánchez, F. the Iberian Peninsula (habitat 1170). It is also noteworthy for the presence of the cetacean 2021. Aviles Canyon System: Increa- Tursiops truncatus and the turtle Caretta caretta, vulnerable species, for which the ACS is a sing the biodiversity knowledge. transit zone on its migratory journey. All of them, both species and habitats, are consid- Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., ered of community interest. The high ecological value of the ACS SIC is being increased Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. by the presence of the 1468 species identified to date; 202 of which are new contributions (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- to the Spanish Inventory of Habitats and Marine Species (IEHEM) and 82 more are new ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- to the Northern Demarcation. Fourteen new species have been identified for science, some phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). of which have already been published (Pleurocorallium occultum, Paradiopatra florencioi, University of Oviedo, 62 pp. Onuphis anadonae, Psolus rufus, Trissopathes grasshoffi) and others are still in the description phase, prior to publication in scientific journals. There are 295 species cited in interna-

tional and European conventions, either as a presence or as habitat-formers. Sixty out of Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. these are cited in the Annexes to the Habitat Directive (Habitats Directive 92/43/EE); 55 in the Ospar Convention and 39 have been proposed as candidate indicators; 13 in the Berna Convention on the Conservation of Wildlife and the Natural Environment of Europe; 13 in the Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals; and 12 vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered species are included, following infor- mation from the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).

Keywords: Taxonomy, RN2000, Cantabrian Sea, Bay of Biscay.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

1.37 The substrate matters. The strategy of seeking a settlement in the Cantabrian deep Sea.

C. Boza 1, *, J. Cristobo 1, A. Calvo-Díaz 1, T. P. Ibarrola 1, F. Sánchez 2, A. Altuna 3, P. Ríos 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 3 INSUB, Zemoria 12, E-20013 San Sebastián, Spai * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Cantabrian deep-sea hard substrate communities are formed by animals of many different taxa with a variety of strategies for adhering to, settle down or excavat- ing the places they inhabit. Le Danois Bank is a seamount in the south of Biscay Bay. It is included in El Cachucho Marine Protected Area (since 2008) which comprises Le Danois Bank and its intraslope basin. Its top is flat, representing a W–E platform of about 72 km

Citation: Boza, C., Cristobo, J., Calvo- long and 15 wide, between 550 and 600 m water depth. In this area, the Spanish Institute Díaz, A., Ibarrola, T. P., Sánchez, F. & of Oceanography has developed several scientific expeditions within the ECOMARG pro- Ríos, P. 2021. The substrate matters. ject, the last from April 22nd to May 4th, 2021. Derived from these studies, it has been pos- The strategy of seeking a settlement sible to verify and monitor fields of sponges and cold-water corals that are considered in the Cantabrian deep Sea. Arias, A., vulnerable marine ecosystems of great importance and of special protection. Non-destruc- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., tive methods have been used such as the ROV Liropus 2000 and the ROTV Politolana that Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- have allowed us to obtain images of great quality and precision. This communication tries beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International to expose and analyze the case of a large structuring sponge of the genus Pachastrella that Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay serves as substrate for other epibiont organisms that take advantage of its presence to use of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of it as a suitable substrate to fix and develop at depths where adequate places and the con- Oviedo, 63 pp. ditions to live at more than 500 m are scarce. The vast majority of sponges are associated with hard substrates; some species are adapted to movable bottoms and have specialized anchoring structures to hold onto soft bottoms. This adaptation is taken advantage of by Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. other organisms that do not have this plasticity to settle and adapt to live as an epibiont, taking advantage of the currents and the food that the host can generate. Many species of invertebrates depend on finding a suitable substrate with some speed for the larva to set- tle.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Hard substrate, Porifera, Cantabrian Sea.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

1.38 Sea Bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) and deep-water corals in the Bay of Biscay: Chronicle of a Foretold Death?

R. Castro 1, *.

1 AZTI, Pasaia, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In 1884, Augusto González Linares got samples of deep-water corals (Madre- pora oculata and Desmophyllum pertusum) from the Sea Bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) artisanal fisheries in the Cantabrian Sea. He also observed the presence of Sea-Trees (big branches of coral) in the fish market of Santander. For centuries “trees, branches and fingers” of coral reefs have been detached from the benthos; and Sea Bream fishery as a seasonal activity of the artisanal fleet has disappeared since 1980s. A decade ago, a visual study in a cold-water coral province in the Mediterranean Sea (Apulia-Italy) concluded that the Citation: Castro, R. 2021. Sea Bream presence of large specimens of P. bogaraveo seems to be exclusive to the coral habitat. The (Pagellus bogaraveo) and deep-water aim of this speed-talk, based on this practical case, is to raise a scientific discussion on the corals in the Bay of Biscay: Chronicle interaction, long-term effects and recovery from Human activity on marine habitat in the of a Foretold Death?. Arias, A., Ríos, Bay of Biscay. P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. Keywords: Fisheries, long-term effects, deep-water coral habitat. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 64 pp.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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2. Marine Geology.

ISOBAY 17, 2021 65 of 143

Type of the Communication (Poster)

2.1 Channels hierarchy classification in the Avilés Canyon Sys- tem.

I. P. Díez 1, *, M. Gómez-Ballesteros 1, B. Arrese 1, J. L. Granja 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Servicios Centrales, Madrid, Spain 2 Universidad Complutense, Departamento de Geofísica Aplicada, Madrid, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Aviles Canyon System is a complex submarine canyon system located in the Cantabrian Margin close to the Asturian coast (northern Iberian Peninsula). It com- prises three main canyons: the Avilés Canyon, El Corbiro and La Gaviera, all of them with their own geomorphological and ecological characteristics. Since 2009 and over years, sev- eral oceanographic cruises have been carried out within the framework of the LIFE+ IN- DEMARES project, with the aim of advancing the seabed and habitats knowledge to im- Citation: Díez, I. P., Gómez-Balleste- prove the geological and biological characterization. One of the main results is a high- ros, M., Arrese, B. & Granja, J. L. resolution bathymetry for the area that has made it possible to advance in detail a geo- 2021. Channels hierarchy classifica- morphological description for the whole system of canyons and the study of its sedimen- tion in the Avilés Canyon System. tary dynamic and the influence on the morphology of the seabed. Thus, a channels char- Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- acterization of the canyons and their tributaries has been obtained, applying a process of chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., hydrological hierarchization through ArcGIS tools. Four types of channels have been clas- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- sified based on the contributions that each one makes on the drainage network of the ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- canyon system. Furthermore, very significant differences have been identified between phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). the channels of the three main canyons. These channels do not perform a lineal orientation University of Oviedo, 66 pp. trace to the network and are divided into sections within the channel itself, controlled by the tectonically influence of the Ventaniella fault (Fernandez-Viejo et al., 2014), which causes abrupt changes in the orientation of the channels and therefore in the flow. These Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. flow contributions to canyons originate the differences on the hierarchy of the system.

Keywords: Morphosedimentary, marine geology, geomorphology.

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3. Biological, Chemical and Physical Oceanography.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.1 Organic carbon burial in the West Gironde Mud Patch sedi- ments (Bay of Biscay).

N. Dubosq 1, *, S. Schmidt 2, J. P. Walsh 3, A. Grémare 1, H. Gillet 1, P. Lebleu 1, D. Poirier 1, M. C. Perello 1, B. Lamarque 1, B. Deflandre 1.

1 Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33615 Pessac, France 2 CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33615 Pessac, France 3 Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Kingstown, RI 02881, USA * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: On the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, there are several mid-shelf mud belts and patches including La Grande Vasière to the north, the West Gironde Mud Patch (WGMP) off the Gironde estuary and the Basque Mud Patch close to Bayonne. In general, these deposits are several meters thick and cover a coarser substrate. Questions remain Citation: Dubosq, N., Schmidt, S., about their storage capability for fine particles and carbon. In this work, we investigate Walsh, J. P., Grémare, A., Gillet, H., the sedimentation of the WGMP in the aim to develop a first estimate of organic carbon Lebleu, P., Poirier, D., Perello, M. C., (OC) burial. Undisturbed interface cores were collected at ten stations along two cross- Lamarque, B. & Deflandre, B. 2021. shelf bathymetric transects during the JERICObent-1 cruise in fall 2016. Radiographical Organic carbon burial in the West Gi- imaging and grain-size analyses were used to characterize the sedimentary struc- ronde Mud Patch sediments (Bay of tures.210Pbxs depth profiles were established to calculate sediment (SAR) and mass Biscay). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., (MAR) accumulation rates. Sedimentary structures indicate transient sediment inputs Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. overlying relic deposits at the proximal stations and a relatively continuous sedimenta- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- tion at the seaward ones. On the outer-central portion of the northern transect, the SAR ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- shows an apparent maximum (0.47 cm y-1), suggesting a depocenter. On the southern phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). transect, excluding two sites where sedimentary inputs appear massive but sporadic, University of Oviedo, 68 pp. SARs are lower (<0.3 cm yr-1). Quantitative assessments of OC burial rates are restricted to stations with a steady-state sedimentation regime. They increase seaward with a max-

imum of 45 gC m-2 y-1. To evaluate organic carbon loading independent of grain-size Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. variability, OC values were normalized to surface area of sediments (SA). Interestingly, a qualitative comparison of OC burial efficiencies using the OC/SA ratio highlights three groups of sites (low, medium and relatively high OC burial efficiency) which seem related to different sedimentary environments and hydrodynamics. This work underlines the likely control of hydrodynamics and sedimentary inputs on the amount of OC stored in the WGMP.

Keywords: Sediment accumulation rate, Bay of Biscay, continental shelf.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.2 Long-term observations of water column stratification on the Amorican Shelf using ARVOR-C profiling floats.

L. Marié 1, *, G. Charria 1, P. Lazure 1, B. Le Cann 1, X. André 2, M. Amice 2.

1 Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, UMR6523, Plouzané, France. 2 IFREMER / RDT, Plouzané, France. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this communication, we present the results of a decade-long series of yearly ARVOR-C profiling floats deployments performed on the Armorican and Aquitanian shelves of the Bay of Biscay. During the ten-years period from 2009 to 2019, two floats were deployed each year in the north and the south of the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, providing daily profiles of temperature and salinity with 1-m vertical reso- lution. While significant disruption by fishing activity has been experienced, on many in- Citation: Marié, L., Charria, G., stances the floats were able to record the full yearly cycle of temperature and salinity at Lazure, P., Le Cann, B., André, X. & these locations representative of the physical environment of the benthic ecosystem of the Amice M. 2021. Long-term observa- “Bourrelet Froid”. On one occasion, a specifically-equipped float also recorded the evolu- tions of water column stratification tion of turbidity, oxygen and chlorophyll concentrations during the fall destratification on the Amorican Shelf using AR- period. We will discuss the yearly cycles of surface and bottom temperature and salinity, VOR-C profiling floats. Arias, A., both in terms of mean and interannual variability, and establish links with other comple- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- mentary datasets (PELGAS and ASPEX cruises, RECOPESCA VOO effort maintained by beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. IFREMER) in order to extend the high-quality ARVOR-C observations spatially and tem- Proceedings of the XVII International porally. We will finally discuss these data in relation with the historical bathythermo- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay graph observations of (Vincent and Kurc 1969), to assess their potential use in climate of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of change studies. Oviedo, 69 pp. Keywords: Datasets, bathythermograph observations, climate change, “cold pool”.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.3 Increase of extreme wave events and impact in beach erosion in the Basque coast.

R. Garnier 1, *, I. de Santiago 1, P. Liria 1, I. Epelde 1, G. Chust 1.

1 AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: An increase of extreme waves has been registered from wave buoy data at the Basque coast by using two methods: (1) the analysis of the monthly extreme wave height (Hs90, the 90th percentile of the significant wave height), where an integrated and flexible methodology, based on Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM), has been used to detect trends; (2) the analysis of trends in extreme wave regimes (e.g. in Hs100, the 100- year return period significant wave height) obtained by fitting the generalized Pareto dis- tribution (GPD) to the peaks of clustered excesses over a threshold (POT) on a sliding time Citation: Garnier, R., de Santiago, I., window. Both methods reveal positive significant trends (e.g., an increase of 0.7% per year Liria, P., Epelde, I. & Chust, G. 2021. of Hs90, and an increase of 1.3% per year of Hs100 are obtained for 30 years of data of the Increase of extreme wave events and Bilbao-Vizcaya wave buoy), larger than the trends obtained in the study site from regional impact in beach erosion in the Basque and global earlier studies based on satellite and reanalysis data. The results of trends of coast. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., extreme wave heights obtained from wave buoy data are presented and a correlation with Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. atmospheric data such as wind speed in the Bay of Biscay, and climate indices is per- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- formed to investigate the causes of the observed increase of extreme waves. The impact ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- of these changes on beach morphodynamics is studied from continuous data obtained phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). from the videometry network of Gipuzkoa (Spain) based on KOSTASystem technology. University of Oviedo, 70 pp. A significant recession of the high tide shoreline and the resulting reduction of the supra- tidal area is observed on Zarautz beach over the 10 years of available images, which could be related to the increase in extreme waves. This study contributes to a wider project that Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. seeks to develop climate change indicators as the basis for building a marine observatory of climate change of the Bay of Biscay.

Keywords: Climate change, extreme events, wave buoys, beach erosion, Basque coast.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.4 Impact of sediment on macroalgal blooms on mudflats in Brittany.

P. Anschutz 1, *, C. Charbonnier 1, B. Deflandre 1.

1 Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805 F-33615 Pessac, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The main contributors to the green tide in Brittany are nitrate inputs from riv- ers. The sedimentary compartment in the intertidal zone can also contribute to nutrient fluxes in significant proportions. However, this contribution is less known because it var- ies according to the nature of sediments, local conditions, seasons and tides. The objective of the study was to measure the seasonal variability of nutrient fluxes to compare fluxes from the sediment with fluxes from the watershed, and to identify the main processes responsible for the fluxes. For that, we collected sediment cores at six stations of a pilot Citation: Anschutz, P., Charbonnier, site (Lédano mudflat, Trieux estuary) in four seasons to estimate diffusive fluxes from C. & Deflandre, B. 2021. Impact of pore water gradients and total fluxes from core incubation. We also sampled water at low sediment on macroalgal blooms on tide in tidal creeks to assess advective fluxes related to tidal pumping. Results show that mudflats in Brittany. Arias, A., Ríos, the mudflat is a source of N-ammonium throughout the year and contributing up to 5 P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. t/yr. However, in winter and early spring when nitrate concentrations in the water column L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings at high tide are high, the mudflat denitrifies about 7 t/yr of N-nitrate. Thus, benthic pro- of the XVII International Symposium on cesses at high tide result in a sink of dissolved inorganic N (DIN). The tidal pumping at Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- low tide provides the water column with a total of 13 t/yr of DIN, which is therefore the BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 71 pp. major contributor of DIN. For dissolved phosphate (DIP), benthic fluxes are 220 kg/yr while the tidal pumping provides 450 kg/yr. These values are nevertheless minor com- pared to the DIN and DIP fluxes from the watershed, which are 1300 and 20 t/yr, respec- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. tively. Our work shows that only efforts on nutrient management in the watershed would reduce green tides. Although mudflats are sites of green algae accumulation, the benthic processes that take place there are not responsible for their proliferation in summer.

Keywords: Nitrate, phosphate, tidal pumping, green tide.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.5 Characterization of marine heatwaves in the Asturian coast, SW Bay of Biscay.

P. Izquierdo 1, *, J. M. Rico 2, F. González-Taboada 3, R. González-Gil 4, J. Arrontes 5.

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain 2 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain 3 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, USA 4 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, UK 5 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Marine heatwaves (MHW) are considered one of the most extreme weather phenomena of the oceans, and their increase in frequency and intensity in recent decades is directly related to the global increase in sea surface temperature (SST) due to climate change. The Asturian coast represents a well-defined biogeographical transition zone be- Citation: Izquierdo, P., Rico, J. M., González-Taboada, F., González-Gil, tween cold- and warm-temperate waters along the southwestern coast of the Bay of Bis- R. & Arrontes, J. 2021. Characteriza- cay, which makes it an excellent study area to examine these temperature-related pro- tion of marine heatwaves in the Astu- cesses. In this study, we characterized MHWs in the coast of Asturias through daily in- rian coast, SW Bay of Biscay. Arias, situ measurements of SST, collected from 1997 to 2019. In-situ water temperature datalog- A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., gers were fixed onto solid rock at Oleiros and La Franca, two coves located respectively Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- west and east from Cape Peñas, which acts as a biogeographical divide. Hence, the loca- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. tions are representative of general temperature trends on the southwestern coast of the Proceedings of the XVII International Bay of Biscay. Our results confirm a total of 82 MHW events between 1997 and 2019 in the Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of studied areas. We also discovered what seems to be a pattern in the succession of MHW Oviedo, 72 pp. events with the positive phases of the East Atlantic Pattern, with strong positive peaks concurring with highly noticeable MHWs, both in duration and intensity. We reviewed available literature to examine the impact of MHWs in the Bay of Biscay on biological Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. communities and the goods and services they provide. We discuss approaches that will help to better understand MHWs and prevent their effects in the marine environment.

Keywords: In-situ, East Atlantic Pattern, climate change.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

3.6 Recent freshening and cooling of Biscay subsurface waters.

C. González-Pola 1, *, R. Somavilla 2, L. Ibáñez 2, R. Graña 1, A. Viloria 2.

1 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Gijón Oceanographic Center, Spain 2 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander Oceanographic Center, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The monitoring program Radiales (https://www.seriestemporales-ieo.net/) by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, has been providing hydrographical and biogeo- chemical series in marine waters around Spain on a monthly basis from early 90's. The proximity of the shelf-break in front of the city of Santander (SE Bay of Biscay) allowed tracking intermediate and deep waters along the standard section perpendicular to this city for three decades (sampling was limited to 1000 meter until late 2007, then extended to 1500 m, and full-depth 2400 m since 2014). From the start of the sampling in nearly 90`s, subsurface waters showed unabated warming and salt-increase. Warming was linked to Citation: González-Pola, C., Somavi- isopycnal sinking (heave) during the 90`s and early 00`s until the occurrence of very lla, R., Ibáñez, L., Graña, R. & Viloria, strong winter mixing in 2005 that shifted quickly the salinity down to lower East North A. 2021. Recent freshening and cool- Atlantic Central Waters (ENACW) levels (ca. 400 m). Overall, warming and salt-increase ing of Biscay subsurface waters. at the core of ENACW added up to 0.3ºC and 0.08 in salinity within only two and a bit Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., decades. In 2014, the upper central waters showed freshening and cooling for the first Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. time in the series, a process that enhanced in the following years especially in salinity that (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- currently (2021) presents the lowest value of the overall timeseries. This shift in regional ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- hydrography follows the large salinity drop observed in the subpolar gyre around 2012 phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). and its subsequent expansion downstream into the subtropical gyre and subarctic seas. University of Oviedo, 73 pp. This regime shift implies that subsurface environmental conditions in the region have re- turned back to 90`s state, contrasting to the uppermost waters which continue to show

large positive anomalies. The effects of this cold and freshwater inflow in the regional Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. circulation of southern Biscay are discussed.

Keywords: Hydrography, ENACW, circulation patterns.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

3.7 Investigating sediment budgets on a continental shelf sub- tidal mud patch under estuarine influence: a numerical model- ling analysis.

M. Diaz 1, *, F. Grasso 2, A. Sottolichio 1, P. Le Hir 2, M. Caillaud 2.

1 UMR EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Bâtiments B18/B18N, AlléeGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F33615, PessacCedex, France 2 IFREMER - DYNECO/DHYSED, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Shelf mud patches are major sinks for fine-grained particles, carbon and con- taminants of terrestrial origin. In the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, the West Gi- ronde Mud Patch (WGMP) is an important active mud deposition area. Located at depths between 30 and 70 m offshore the Gironde estuarine mouth (France), the WGMP is known Citation: Diaz, M., Grasso, F., Sottol- ichio, A., Le Hir, P. & Caillaud, M. to be the trap of fine material coming both from the estuary and the shelf, but the respec- 2021. Investigating sediment budgets tive contributions of these two sources are poorly quantified. Moreover, the responses of on a continental shelf subtidal mud the mud patch to the combination of tidal currents, waves and river supplies remain patch under estuarine influence: a poorly documented. Thus, using a realistic 3D hydrodynamic and mixed (mud/sand) sed- numerical modelling analysis. Arias, iment transport model, this study aims at investigating the trapping and dispersive dy- A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., namics of the WGMP under different hydrometeorological conditions. The analysis of the Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- residual sediment fluxes at the estuarine mouth during two years of simulation exhibited beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. a strong variability for contrasted hydro-and meteorological conditions. During winter Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay (wet conditions), the reinforced density gradients drive strong baroclinic circulation. In of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of addition, the analysis of the sediment distribution after the two simulated years revealed Oviedo, 74 pp. that the model reproduces the signature of a subtidal mud accumulation area over the continental shelf around 30-35m water depth. The trapping efficiency of the simulated depocenter is negatively correlated with the wave action. Furthermore, due to a more Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. concentrated and developed estuarine turbid plume during high river discharges, the trapping efficiency of the mud body is enhanced compared to lower discharges. These results show the primordial effects of both wave action and riverine sediment supply to the dynamics of such subtidal muddy structures, which raises concern about their fate facing climate change and human disturbances in the future.

Keywords: Continental shelf processes, Gironde Estuary, Numerical model.

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4. Threatened Marine Ecosystems and Endangered Spe- cies.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

4.1 ODATIS: the gateway to French open ocean and coastal data.

S. Schmidt 1, *, G. Maudire 2, V. Harscoat 2, C. Nys 2, J. Sudre 3, G. Dibarboure 4, F. Huynh 3.

1 UMR5805 EPOC, CNRS, OASU, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France 2 Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France 3 UMSCPST, CNRS 2013, IRD 1S26300, Montpellier, France 4 CNES, Toulouse, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The past few decades have seen a marked acceleration in the amount of marine observation data derived using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. The num- ber and variety of data acquisition techniques require efficient methods of improving data availability. The challenge is also to make ocean data available via interoperable portals, which facilitate data sharing according to Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusa- ble (FAIR) principles for producers and users. Ocean DATa Information and Services Citation: Schmidt, S., Maudire, G., (ODATIS) aims to become a unique gateway to all French marine data, regardless of the Harscoat, V., Nys, C., Sudre, J., Dibar- discipline (e.g., physics, chemistry, biogeochemistry, biology, sedimentology). ODATIS is boure, G. & Huynh, F. 2021. ODA- the ocean cluster of the Data Terra research infrastructure for Earth data, which relies on TIS: the gateway to French open a network of data and service centers (DSC) supported by the major French oceanic re- ocean and coastal data. Arias, A., search organizations (CNRS, CNES, Ifremer, IRD, SHOM; Marine Universities). Our am- Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., bition is to develop a marine hub to French marine data, used beyond the scientific com- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. munity. The ODATIS portal provides also a service of data repository: SEA scieNtific Proceedings of the XVII International Open data Edition (SEANOE). SEANOE offers the possibility to publish scientific data in Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay the field of marine sciences free of charge. Data are published as open access for a maxi- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of mum of two years, for example, to restrict access to data of an article under review. The Oviedo, 76 pp. producer sets the terms and conditions for the use of the data by selecting one of seven Creative Commons licenses. SEANOE recommends the use of perennial data files (e.g., CSV instead of Excel) and requests a description of the dataset (metadata). If the dataset Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. matches the quality criteria and the theme (marine science), SEANOE provides a DOI within two working days and will monitor future dataset citations in articles, with down- load statistics reported to authors once a year. The SEANOE service is open to all marine data.

Keywords: Ocean, data repository, interoperability, FAIR, data and service center.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

4.2 Identifying potential habitats of a locally overexploited spe- cies: case study of the blackspot seabream in the Bay of Biscay.

L. De Cubber 1, *, V. Trenkel 1, G. Diez 2, J. Gil-Herrera 3, A. M. Novoa-Pabon 4, D. Eme 1, P. Lorance 1.

1 EMH, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, France 2 Marine Research Division, AZTI, Txatxarramendi s/n Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Muelle de Levante s/n,11006 Cádiz, Spain 4 Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Pagellus bogaraveo is a demersal species distributed from the Northern coasts of Morocco to Scotland and the Azores in the NE Atlantic, as well as in the Mediterranean Sea. In the Bay of Biscay, since the 1980s, occurrences of the species strongly declined due to overexploitation while it is still quite common elsewhere. The objective of this study Citation: De Cubber, L., Trenkel, V., Diez, G., Gil-Herrera, J., Novoa- was therefore to estimate the potential habitats of the species over its entire distribution Pabon, A. M., Eme, D. & Lorance, P. and especially in the Bay of Biscay. To do so, an ensemble species distribution modelling 2021. Identifying potential habitats (eSDM) approach was used, combining P. bogaraveo's presence-true absence data with en- of a locally overexploited species: vironmental estimates linked to topography, seafloor characteristics and seawater param- case study of the blackspot seabream eters. Data was aggregated on a 0.1 x 0.1 ° spatial grid and uneven distribution of the in the Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., Ríos, sampling effort was dealt with following guidelines from previous studies. Occurrence P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. records revealed unbalanced presence-absence ratios over the blackspot seabream distri- L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. bution. Thus, the results of two eSDMs obtained either with the observed presence/ab- & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on sence ratios or with the same number of each were compared. SDMs were implemented Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- on Biomod2 in R with a 3-fold cross-validation procedure, leading to the selection of 5 BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 77 pp. models types based on Area Under the Curve criteria (higher than 0.8). The compromise was then calculated based on the models’ evaluations. Depth, maximum Sea Surface Tem- perature, slope and annual variations of bottom temperature explained almost 90% of the Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. presence probability of the species. The use of all or part of the absence records largely affected the estimated habitat extent, especially in the Bay of Biscay, where the ratio was low, pointing out that the species is not present on the entire range of its habitat there. Varying thresholds of presence probability strongly affect both the estimates of the area of presence and of the unoccupied area of the potential habitat of P. bogaraveo.

Keywords: Species distribution model, ensemble model, Pagellus bogaraveo.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

4.3 Measurement methods to quantify habitat forming species using video-transect: the case of the deep-sea sponge Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870.

L. Martín-García 1, *, E. Prado 2, J. M. Falcón 1, M. González-Porto 1, A. Punzón 2, P. Martín-Sosa 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, S/C Tenerife, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The hexactinellid sponge Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870, a large bathyal spe- cies of the North Atlantic Ocean with a funnel-like body and very large osculum, establish populations with 3D structure increasing the complexity and biodiversity in the habitat, being considered as a habitat-forming species. Within the INTEMARES project, a survey

Citation: Martín-García, L., Prado, E., was carried out at “Banco de La Concepción” seamount (BC) in November 2018 to assess Falcón, J. M., González-Porto, M., the impact of fishing on habitat 1170. In total, 56 transects were accomplished in the study Punzón, A. & Martín-Sosa, P. 2021. area with the remotely operated towed vehicle TASIFE. It is a perpendicular-mounted Measurement methods to quantify camera with a zenithal perspective which has the purposes of obtaining calibrated high habitat forming species using video- resolution and fine quality images of the seafloor. The main objectives of this study are to transect: the case of the deep-sea define a functional methodology to measure specimens of A. setubalense, comparing dif- sponge Asconema setubalense Kent, ferent operators, techniques (2D and 3D approaches) and morphometric measurements 1870. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., (diameter, perimeter and area). Results obtained suggest that the area parameter is the Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. morphometric measurement that shows less variation between different methods and op- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- erators/users and does not show significant differences between techniques. Therefore, ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- area is the most reliable measurement to define the size of this species, which also presents phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). a clear correlation with the height of the species. The work is made in collaboration with University of Oviedo, 78 pp. INTEMARES research team at Santander, whom is also working with the Asconema growth from 3D reconstruction. Results from this work will be applicable, in the frame of INTEMARES, to the study of A. setubalense populations in the Cantabrian Sea. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Structure size, seamount, towed vehicle, Sites of Community Importance.

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5. Exploitation, Management and Conservation of Marine Resources.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.1 Future trajectories of marine resources of the Bay of Biscay under impacts of fishing and ocean warming.

X. Corrales 1, *, I. Preciado 2, D. Gascuel 3, P-Y. Hernvann 3, A. Lopez de Gamiz 1, E. Mugerza 1, G. Chust 1, E. Ramírez 1, M. Louzao 1, F. Velasco 2, M. Doray 5, P. Carrera 6, E. Andonegi 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research Division, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi- Ugartea z/g, 48395, Sukarrieta, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Promontorio San Martín s/n 39004, Santander, Spain 3 ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, InstitutAgro, Inrae, 35042, Rennes, France 4 IFREMER, UnitéÉcologie et Modèlespourl’Halieutique, IFREMER Nantes, Rue de l’Illed’Yeu, BP 21105, 44300 Nantes Cedex 3, France 5 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Corrales, X., Preciado, I., Abstract: During the last decades, the Bay of Biscay (BoB) ecosystem has undergone sig- Gascuel, D., Hernvann, P-Y., Lopez nificant ecological changes caused primarily by intense fishing activity and reinforced by de Gamiz, A., Mugerza, E., Chust, G., ocean warming. An important challenge for ensuring the sustainable exploitation and Ramírez, E., Louzao, M., Velasco, F., conservation of marine ecosystems is to improve our understanding of interactions be- Doray, M., Carrera, P. & Andonegi, E. tween human activities and environmental factors, and to disentangle the effect of differ- 2021. Future trajectories of marine ent stressors on the food web functioning. Within the EPELECO project the Ecopath with resources of the Bay of Biscay un-der impacts of fishing and ocean warm- Ecosim (EwE) approach was used to assess cumulative impacts on the BoB ecosystem and ing. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., to build a decision support tool for management. We first developed a static model rep- Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., resenting the BoB ecosystem in early 2000s.The model was composed of 52 functional Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. groups, from primary producers to top predator species, including specific groups for (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII those species assessed through stock assessment. We then used the time dynamic Ecosim International Symposium on Ocean- module to fit the model to available time series of biomass and catch data from 2003 to ography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- 2019 considering the effects of fishing activities, temperature variability and changes in BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 80 pp. net primary productivity (NPP) as the main drivers of the ecosystem. Finally, the dynamic

ecosystem model was used to perform projections of sustainable levels of fishing pressure and changes in sea temperature and NPP following IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Climate Change) scenarios. The historical model predictions satisfactorily matched most of the observed data, especially for fisheries target species. Our results showed potential future benefits under sustainable fishing management scenarios and impacts of ocean warming. Projections highlighted that some beneficial effects of fisheries reduction may be dampened by the impact of increasing ocean temperature. These results illustrated the importance of integrating stressors other than fisheries, such as ocean warming, in an eco- system-based management approach. The model may be a useful tool towards the imple- mentation of an ecosystem-based management advice at regional scale.

Keywords: Temporal-dynamic food web modelling, cumulative impacts, fishing impacts.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.2 Do biological characteristics of Manila clam claim for a pos- sible revision of the minimum catch/harvest size in Arcachon Bay?

N. Caill-Milly 1, *, F. Sanchez 1, N. Bru 2, X. de Montaudouin 3, A. Biseau 4.

1 Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), LITTORAL, LER AR, Anglet, France 2 University of Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Laboratory of Mathematics and Its Applications of PAU - MIRA (LMAP), UMR 5142 CNRS, Anglet, France 3 University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC CNRS, Marine Station of Arcachon, Arcachon, France 4 Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement (RBE), Lorient, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Caill-Milly, N., Sanchez, F., Bru, N., de Montaudouin, X. & Abstract: Fisheries management aims to create the conditions for a sustainable exploita- Biseau, A. 2021. Do biological char- tion of the resources, namely, to ensure renewal of the stocks and to optimize their exploi- acteristics of Manila clam claim for a tation (in order to achieve the Maximum Sustainable Yield). To this end, two main types possible revision of the minimum catch/harvest size in Arcachon Bay?. of management instruments exist: regulation rules to access to the resources and conser- Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- vation measures. They can be classified into three categories: those reducing fishing effort, chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., those implying technical measures and those limiting catches. The minimum harvest size Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. (MHS) belongs to technical measures. For Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), MHS (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII corresponds to the anteroposterior length of the shell and is fixed by European legislation. International Symposium on Ocean- For the North Atlantic, English Channel and North Sea areas, the MHS was 40 mm from ography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- 1998 to 2008 and has been set at 35 mm since. For the Mediterranean area, the MHS is 25 BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 81 pp. mm. Regarding Arcachon Bay (harboring the largest stock in France), the local manage- ment of this resource conducted by professional organizations mainly concerns license

restrictions, no-fishing areas and restriction of fishing time period. Since 2000, the man- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. agement strategy combines stock assessment and research programs. Among these, stud- ies demonstrated specific biological characteristics for Manila clam population in Arca- chon Bay, notably by comparison with other sites (not only in France but also in other countries, including European countries). This communication considers these biological characteristics (sexual maturity, growth, natural mortality and physiological status) in or- der to answer the question whether a lowering of the MHS is possible for this local re- source.

Keywords: Ruditapes philippinarum, sexual maturity, growth, natural mortality, regula- tion.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.3 This is what we know: assessing the stock status of the data- poor common sole in the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecore- gion.

M. G. Pennino 1, *, M. Cousido-Rocha 1, C. Maia 2, A. Rocha 2, I. Figueiredo 2, A. Alonso-Fernández 3, C. Silva 2, F. Izquierdo 1, J. Castro 1, J. Teruel-Gómez 1, J. Rodríguez 1, S. Cerviño 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52. 36390 Vigo (Pontevedra) Spain. 2 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Portugal. 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion, the common sole (Solea solea) Citation: Pennino, M. G., Cousido- has traditionally been considered a highly relevant species due to its high commercial Rocha, M., Maia, C., Rocha, A., Fi- gueiredo, I., Alonso-Fernández, A., value. However, the current status of this stock is still little known due to the scarcity of Silva, C., Izquierdo, F., Castro, J., Te- available data to perform an analytical assessment. In data-poor situations, length-based ruel-Gómez, J., Rodríguez, J. & Cer- methods have been widely applied to estimate biological parameters and to understand viño, S. 2021. This is what we know: the dynamics of marine stocks. In this study we evaluate the status of common sole in the assessing the stock status of the da-ta- Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion using three different length-based methods poor common sole in the Bay of Bis- such as (1) the length-based indicators, (2) the length-based spawning potential ratio and cay and Iberian Coast ecoregion. (3) the mean length-based mortality estimators. Overall, the three methods agree that this Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- stock appears to be exploited at the Maximum Sustainable Yield level. The immatures are chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. well preserved whereas the proportion of large, mature individuals is low, although it has (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII increased in the last years. Assessing the status of this valuable stock with limited data is International Symposium on Ocean- the first step towards designing and implementing effective management measures. ography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 82 pp. Keywords: Data-limited fisheries; stock assessment; LBI; LBSPR; Mean length Z.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.4 Can we trust commercial landings data to identify essential habitats of harvested fish?

B. Alglave 1, 4, *, M. Woillez 2, M-P. Etienne 3, E. Rivot 1, Y. Vermard 4.

1 UMR ESE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes 2 Unité STH-LBH, Ifremer Brest 3 UMR IRMAR, université de Rennes, Institut Agro, Rennes 4 Unité EMH, Ifremer Nantes * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Marine spatial planning implies finding a balance between human activities and preserving ecosystems and habitat functions. Preserving essential habitats of har- vested species (i.e. key areas for fishes lifecycle such as reproduction grounds, nurseries or migration routes) is of major interest for fishery sustainability and ecosystem functions.

Citation: Alglave, B., Woillez, M., Our current knowledge of essential habitats in the Bay of Biscay remains limited to infor- Etienne, M-P., Rivot, E. & Vermard, mation gathered by scientific surveys. Demersal surveys in the Bay of Biscay benefit from Y. 2021. Can we trust commercial a standardized sampling design and a good spatial coverage, but they occur at an annual landings data to identify essential frequency, have a limited number of observations, and mismatch the reproduction period habitats of harvested fish?. Arias, A., of many harvested fish. On the other hand, commercial landings data crossed with vessels Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., GPS positions benefit from a denser sampling along the entire year but are seldom used Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- due to non-standardized and resource-dependent sampling. In this presentation, we will beza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. (Eds). 2021. present a spatio-temporal model allowing to combine both data sources while accounting Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the for fishers’ targeting behavior towards resource. The model was fitted to several demersal Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). Univer- species in the Bay of Biscay between 2008 and 2018 at a monthly time step. Species distri- sity of Oviedo, 83 pp. bution maps evidence seasonal spatial patterns matching the known reproduction ecol- ogy of well-documented species (sole, sea bass). Spatio-seasonnal distribution patterns were also identified for species where information is currently lacking (anglerfish, whit- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ing). This approach reveals potential to strengthen our knowledge of spatio-temporal spe- cies distribution and to identify reproduction areas. This is a valuable input for Marine Spatial Planning in the Bay of Biscay as fish population ecology and particularly repro- duction areas must be accounted for when assessing the impact of human activities on habitats.

Keywords: Spatio-temporal modelling, preferential sampling, VMS data.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.5 Assessment of the Impact of the Set Gillnet on the Seabed Habitats.

A. Punzón 1, *, J. M. González-Irusta 1, A. Serrano 1, E. Ceballos 1, M. Ruíz 1, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, P. Verisimo 1, J. Polo-Sainz 1, M. A. Blanco 1, N. S. Sousa 1, U. C. Fernández-Arcaya 1, A. Torriente 1, E. Prado 1, P. Martín-Sosa 2, J. L. Rueda 3, F. Sánchez 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Tenerife, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The goal of the Project LIFE IP INTEMARES "Integrated, innovative and par- ticipatory management of the Natura 2000 network areas in the Spanish marine environ- ment" is to achieve a consolidated network of marine spaces of the Natura 2000 Network, Citation: Punzón, A., González-Iru- managed efficiently, with the active participation of the sectors involved and with re- sta, J. M., Serrano, A., Ceballos, E., search as basic tools for decision making. To develop the future MPA management plan Ruíz-Sobrón, M., Rodríguez-Basalo, it is necessary to know that the interaction between fisheries and benthic habitats protec- A., Verisimo, P., Polo-Sainz, J., Blanco M. A., Sousa, N. S., Fernández-Ar- tion occurs. This is the goal of the Action A4 in LIFE INTEMARES project, to help to pro- caya, U. C., Torriente, A., Prado, E., pose measures to control, eliminate or mitigate the effect of these economic activities. The Martín-Sosa, P., Rueda, J. L. & Sán- aim of this paper is assessing the effects of the set gillnet for Monk (Rasco) on the benthic chez, F. 2021. Assessment of the Im- habitat of Dendrophyllia cornigera and Phakellia ventilabrum in the area of Aviles Canyon. pact of the Set Gillnet on the Seabed From analysis of the footprint of the effort of these fisheries to identify the fishing grounds Habitats. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, and effort levels, two scientific surveys were planned. The objective of the first survey H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, was to identify if there is an impact of this fishery on the seabed habitat using a photo- A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris- grammetric sled, and to analyze if there are significant differences between areas with tobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on and without the effort of the fishing set gillnet. The goal of the second survey was study Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay with the Liropus ROV the effects of fishing pressure (set gillnet) on benthic habitats in the (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, Avilés Canyon area through a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experiment. For the 84 pp. experiment, a controlled impact in three previously agreed fishing stations were con- ducted with a professional fishing vessel with experience in the area. In addition, in two hauls beacons were placed in order to analyze the displacements of the fishing gear dur- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ing the fishing operations. In this work the main results of both surveys are presented.

Keywords: Benthic habitat, Aviles Canyon, INTEMARES project, fishing pressure.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.6 A comparison of extraction methods in the collection of ocle (Gelidium corneum) along the Asturian coast and their influence on the sustainability of the resource.

J. Higgins 1, *, J. M. Rico 1, P. Peón-Torre 2.

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 2 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera (CEP), Gijón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The exploitation of ocle (Gelidium corneum) algae along the Asturian coast has an important economic and cultural component. Through the artisanal extraction meth- ods of hand-plucking underwater and collection of beach wrack, the ocle contributes to the livelihoods of many individuals within the province. This species is an international

Citation: Higgins, J., Rico, J. M. & commodity harvested for its agar, which is used to create gels in laboratories and make Peón-Torre, P. 2021. A comparison of commercial products like cosmetics. The aim of this study was to assess the sustainability extraction methods in the collection of the hand-plucking method. In order to assess the effect of exploitation on ocle biomass of ocle (Gelidium corneum) along the along the Asturian coastline, we posed three research questions. Firstly, we examined the Asturian coast and their influence on change in ocle biomass from the summer to the following winter season along the coast the sustainability of the resource. during the years 2018-2021 in exploited and non-exploited areas. We hypothesized that Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- summer exploitation can have an impact on winter biomass. Secondly, we assessed the chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., change in biomass over time for exploited and non-exploited areas from 1987 to 2021. We Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII hypothesized that ocle biomass in exploited areas would be consistently lower than non- International Symposium on Ocean- exploited areas. Lastly, we examined the effect of depth on ocle biomass in the Llanes ography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- region of Asturias from 1987-2018. Using GIS software to calculate the average depth of BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 85 pp. ocle fields over time, we hypothesized that ocle fields are currently distributed in deeper waters than what was previously thought. The results achieved by this study will illus- trate how the fishing effort of ocle affects its biomass and distribution along the Asturian Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. coastline and will help assess the importance of management and exploitation control of this resource.

Keywords: Resource management, algae extraction, agar.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

5.7 Study of the life traits of demersal fish in Atlantic Iberian waters.

D. Lojo 1, S. Cerviño 2, M. G. Pennino 2, M. Cousido-Rocha 2, *.

1 Programa de prácticas del Máster en Técnicas Estadísticas (USC) 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is a resource of great commercial im- portance in Atlantic Iberian Waters. Despite of the recovery plan implemented in 2006 and the Multiannual management plan for Western Waters, the fishing mortality is still above the maximum sustainable yield (Fmsy), and the biomass of the breeding population is above caution. Information about life traits is essential to design efficient assessment models for management marine resources. In this study, we analyzed if the size at first Citation: Lojo, D., Cerviño, S., Pen- maturity (L50) is significantly affected by the environmental, biological and temporal var- nino, M. G. & Cousido-Rocha, M. iables. Individual weight and length distribution of the hake were extracted by sam- 2021. Study of the life traits of de- plings of the commercial fleet that operate in Atlantic Iberian waters, specifically in the mersal fish in Atlantic Iberian waters. ICES subdivisions VIIIc and IXa, for the period between 1982 and 2019. This dataset was Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., provided by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). Additionally, biomass and Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cris-tobo, J. abundance at length data for the entire time series of the hake were extracted from the (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII IEO database to test possible density-dependent effects. Environmental variables, such as International Symposium on Ocean- the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic ography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices, were extracted from freely accessible databases. BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 86 pp. The variability of the L50 for each sex and the combination of both for the observed time period, was investigated through Generalized Additive Models considering as explana-

tory variables, environmental factors (AMO, NAO and SST), biological (biomass, abun- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. dance at length and relative factor condition) and temporal. Preliminary results show a decrease in the L50 temporal trend of the size at first maturity for each sex (male and female) and for both combined for the observed period. These results could be key to un- derstand the European hake stock status.

Keywords: Demersal species, length at maturity, relative condition factor environmental factors.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

5.8 Testing Surplus production models sensitivity: a case study for ASPIC and SPiCT.

A. Paz 1, S. Cerviño 2, M. G. Pennino 2, M. Cousido-Rocha 2, *.

1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing research effort on developing methods that can generally improve the reliability of stock assessments in data-limited situations. Consequently, several data-limited assessment methods have been proposed, and surplus production models (SPMs) were among the assessment methodologies rec- ommended for this purpose, which only requires time series of an index of relative bio- mass and catch data. SPMs are one of the simplest analytical methods available for provid- Citation: Paz, A., Cerviño, S., Pen- ing a full stock assessment, which estimates the changes in the biomass as a function of nino, M. G. & Cousido-Rocha, M. the biomass of the previous year, the surplus production and the catches. In our study we 2021. Testing Surplus production focus on two well-known SPMs: SPiCT (A Stochastic surplus Production model in Con- models sensitivity: a case study for tinuous Time) and ASPIC (A Stock-Production Model Incorporating Covariate). The main ASPIC and SPiCT. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., difference among them is that ASPIC assumes that errors come from the observation Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & equation, whereas SPiCT considers errors in both observations and processes. We study Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings their performance on data simulated through the general SPM equation whose parame- of the XVII International Symposium ters and catches are provided by the Rfishpop package (https://github.com/IMPRESS- on Oceanography of the Bay of Bis- PROJECT/Rfishpop), which simulates the real dynamic of a fishery system. Different set- cay (ISOBAY 17). University of tings have been simulated, testing (1) the intensity of observation errors; (2) fisheries for Oviedo, 87 pp. which available historical data started after the start of the exploitation period; (3) the process error’s impact. A Montecarlo procedure has been used to compute confidence

intervals for the estimated biomass and fishing mortality trajectories, and also for the pa- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. rameters and reference points (i.e.Fmsy and Bmsy). Finally, the results derived from SPiCT and ASPIC are compared to real values of our simulated population through measures such as mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to understand which factors affect the model performance and our ability to advise on sustainable management.

Keywords: SPMs, Maximum sustainable yield, Rfishpop.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.9 Spatio-temporal variability of the first sale price of target spe- cies of the southern Bay of Biscay.

P. Verisimo 1, *, M. Ruiz 1, E. Ceballos 1, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, U. C. Fernández-Arcaya 1, A. Punzón 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze the Spatio-temporal variability of the prices of the target species in the first sale market, in order to identify the effects of the variables associated to time (i.e. seasonality), spatial (differences among harbours as proxy market channels) and the effects of the fishing regulatory management like Marine Protect Areas (MPA) or Fishing Closed Areas. The fishing sector sells its catches in first sale markets, where the price serves as an indicator for assessing the overall value of a given fishery. The first sale price of a species is a reflection of its fish market demand, which may vary Citation: Verisimo, P., Ruiz, M., Ce- among seasons (Christmas, summer) or even among days of the week. However, there ballos, E., Rodríguez-Basalo, A., Fer- are other factors that also determine the first sale price of the resources: nández-Arcaya, U. C. & Punzón, A. 2021. Spatio-temporal variability of - Location and size of fish markets. The spatial dispersion of the fish market favours the the first sale price of target species of the southern Bay of Biscay. Arias, A., fragmentation of supply/demand and their small size favours the low presence of buyers. Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- - The abundance and size of individuals of a species. beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International - The quality of the fishery resource, which is directly related to the fishing method (arti- Symposium on Oceanography of the sanal or industrial) and the type of gear (longline/ trawl, ...) used to catch it. Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). Univer- sity of Oviedo, 88 pp. - The seasonality of the fishery of a species, which means that the demand is concentrated at a certain time of the year.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. - Fishing regulation measures, in terms of gear limitations, catch quotas, reduction of fish- ing effort or the existence of temporary or seasonal closures and/or MPA such as “El Ca- chucho”, which can influence the quantity and size of individuals caught.

For the analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of first sale prices, information on com- mercial catches (kg) and their first sale prices (€) from fish markets records over the time series from 2009 to 2019 have been used.

Keywords: Economic valuation, fisheries statistics, spatial price allocation.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.10 Going beyond the otolith bubble: Fin spine oxygen isotopes (δ18O) as a proxy for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) movements.

P. L. Luque 1, *, S. Sakai 2, G. Bidegain 3, 4, L. D. Dettman 5, H. Murua 6, H. Arrizabalaga 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain. 2 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Biogeochemistry Program, Yokosuka, Japan. 3 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain. 4 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Bio- technology (PiE), Plentzia, Spain. 5 Environmental Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America 6 International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), Washington, DC, United States * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Luque, P. L., Sakai, S., Bide- Abstract: Two stocks of the Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (ABFT) are consid- gain, G., Dettman, L. D., Murua, H. & ered in the Atlantic, the western stock spawning in the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern Arrizabalaga, H. 2021. Going beyond and Mediterranean Sea stock spawning in the Mediterranean Sea. Juveniles of the eastern the otolith bubble: Fin spine oxygen and Mediterranean stock are known to migrate to Bay of Biscay feeding grounds with isotopes (δ18O) as a proxy for Atlantic larger individuals occupying more northerly regions of the Atlantic Ocean. However, ju- bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) movements. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- venile movement pattern is complex and longstanding questions remain regarding the ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- timing, durations, and fraction of the population that makes these migrations. Fin spine varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & is routinely used for direct ageing in the eastern and Mediterranean stock. However, sta- Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of ble isotope analysis (δ18O) has preferentially been used in otoliths while the application to the XVII International Symposium on less invasive fin spines is scarce. Fin spine hydroxyapatite contains carbonate that precip- Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- itate in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with body water. This study aims to test whether fin BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 89 pp. spine oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) reliably records that of ambient water and can, therefore, serve as an indicator to understand movement and age specific migration pat-

terns that can improve management. Fin spines were collected from ABFT caught across Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. a broad distribution range in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. We meas- ured δ18O values of fin spine structural carbonate along fin spine growth trajectory in ABFT (n=158) caught in Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. The δ18O spine profile as- sayed in the last growth intervals coincided with the surface δ18O seawater for the regional marine waters where the tuna was caught. The fluctuating pattern of δ18O along fin spine growth trajectory indicate intra- and interannual isotopic composition variation over the lifetime of the animal that might be useful for detecting Atlantic-Mediterranean migration of the juvenile ABFT. Findings of this study indicate that δ18Ospine would be useful for characterizing residency within and movements among water bodies with strong δ18O gradients, particularly between northern latitudes and the Mediterranean basin.

Keywords: δ18O, ABFT, migration.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

5.11 Seasonality in the condition of megrim and its somatic growth in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters.

J. Landa 1, *, J. Fontenla 2, R. Gancedo 1, M. Reparaz 3, L. Rodríguez-Fernández 2, B. Castro 3, I. Loureiro 1, A. Antolínez 1, C. Hernández 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) is a bottom-living species, an im- portant part of the benthic community in the Cantabrian Sea, and commercially exploited by the European fisheries. Robust and updated biological information of megrim is re- quired for a deeper knowledge of its life history traits and an adequate stock assessment Citation: Landa, J., Fontenla, J., Gan- process and management. Condition factor, weight conversion factors and length-weight cedo, R., Reparaz, M., Rodríguez-Fer- relationships are analyzed in the Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters based on 7458 spec- nández, L., Castro, B., Loureiro, I., imens from a time-series of 22 years (1998-2019) of commercial landings and from a re- Antolínez, A. & Hernández, C. 2021. search survey (2017). The influence of factors as the season, year, multi-year period, fish Seasonality in the condition of me- grim and its somatic growth in Can- sex and maturity in the Le Cren’s condition factor (K) were analyzed. A clear seasonal tabrian Sea and Galician waters. pattern in K, more prominent in females was found, with the lowest condition in April Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- (after the spawning period), and a progressive increase to the highest values from No- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., vember to February, showing the relevance of K as indicator of the nutritional / reproduc- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. tive status of megrim. The linear weight conversion equation and the power length- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- weight equations were also estimated, and sexual and temporal differences were found. ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- The somatic parameters obtained here are available to be used in the annual assessment phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). of the Atlantic Iberian stock. Our findings will contribute to facilitating better exploitation, University of Oviedo, 90 pp. management and conservation of this Iberian resource.

Keywords: Condition factor, weight conversion factor, weight-length relationships.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.12 Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length rela- tionships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea.

J. Landa 1, *, M. Korta 2, A. Iriondo 2, J. Fontenla 3, M. Reparaz 4, L. Rodríguez-Fernández 3, I. Loureiro 1, A. Gómez 3, E. Abad 3, I. Bruno 3.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 2 AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Spain 4 nstituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The weight-length relationships are of a great interest in fish biology, stock as- sessment and fishery management, by predicting weight from length information and al- lowing to estimate the stock biomass. Weight-length relationships of megrim (Lepidorhom- Citation: Landa, J., Korta, M., bus whiffiagonis), an economically relevant flatfish species, have been studied for two dec- Iriondo, A., Fontenla, J., Reparaz, M., ades (2001 to 2019) in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea (ICES stock Div. 7.b-k, Rodríguez-Fernández, L., Loureiro, 8.abd), two important European fishing areas. More than 22000 specimens collected from I., Gómez, A., Abad, E. & Bruno, I. commercial landings by AZTI and IEO were sampled. Total fish length, total weight and 2021. Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffi- commercial gutted weight were obtained. Four five-year periods (quinquennium) (2000- agonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic 04; 2005-09; 2010-14; 2015-19) were defined in the studied time-series. Both, the large sam- Sea. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., ple size and time-series available, as well as the collaboration between both institutions Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., collecting complementary information from this stock, allowed obtaining robust somatic Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. parameters and analyzing their temporal variations. A weight-length relationship model (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- was fitted and the quinquennium and semester factors, which are of interest biologically ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- and for assessment purposes, and their interactions, were significant in the preliminary phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). model. The weight-length relationships, both for total and gutted weight and for the com- University of Oviedo, 91 pp. bined sexes of the most recent quinquennium are presented in this work and considered the most suitable to be used in the oncoming annual assessment process of the status of

this stock in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea in ICES. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

Keywords: Stock assessment, fishery management, fish stock biomass.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.13 The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes elongated mor- phology: no evidence for epigenetic variation.

A. Sousa 1, *, E. Vázquez 2, G. Macho 2, 3, J. L. Acuña 4, T. Cruz 1, 5, P. Morán 6.

1 MARE —Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Univer- sidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal 2 CIM –Centro de Investigación Mariña and Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facul- tade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Spain 3 Independent Fisheries Consultant, Fisherman´s Cove, Seychelles 4 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 5 Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Portugal 6 CIM –Centro de Investigación Mariña. Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo,Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity is the variation of morphological characteristics in indi- Citation: Sousa, A., Vázquez, E., Ma- viduals of the same species. Epigenetics study hereditary phenotypical alterations that cho, G., Acuña, J. L., Cruz, T. & Mo- rán, P. 2021. The stalked barnacle Pol- cannot be related to changes in the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is the best studied licipes pollicipes elongated morphol- epigenetic mechanism and is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms for the regulation of ogy: no evidence for epigenetic vari- gene expression in eukaryotes. The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes is a crustacean that ation. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., inhabits very exposed rocky shores, and it is the most important fishing resource on rocky Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., shores of Spain and continental Portugal. Two extreme qualities can be recognized by Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. fishers, traders, and consumers: good and poor quality barnacles. The quality is often as- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- sociated with the morphology. Barnacles with an elongated morphology are known as ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- having poor quality, and consequently have a lower commercial value. The aim of this phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, 92 pp. work is to study (1) the fishers’ perception and definition about good and poor quality barnacles, and (2) the morphometry and DNA methylation of these two groups of barna- cles, in three regions where P. pollicipes is distributed (Portugal, and Galicia and Asturias in Spain). The fishers’ perception on the existence of barnacles with different qualities and Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. the associated characteristics were investigated through personal interviews. Professional fishers from Portugal and Spain consider that there are P. pollicipes with different qualities. Fishers defined good quality barnacles as thick, short and hard, and poor quality barna- cles as long, thin, watery and soft. Stalked barnacles of both qualities/morphologies were collected in one site per region (n=11-20) and their maximal rostrocarinal length (RC), total height (TH) and RC/TH ratio were determined. In order to find out whether the different morphotypes are caused by epigenetic differences, an MSAP protocol was used to identify differences in methylation patterns. Differences between morphometrics of both qualities were detected in the three sampled sites, nevertheless, no epigenetic differences were found.

Keywords: Fishery, morphology, epigenetic.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.14 On the presence of a giant polychaete species in NW Iberian.

D. Escobar 1, *, L. Couceiro 1, N. Fernández 1, R. Muíño 1, J. Parapar 1.

1 Departamento de Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña; A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The presence of a giant polychaete of the genus Eunice has been recently rec- orded by fishermen in the Ria de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). Since Eunice spp. are highly appreciated as bait for recreational fishing in other regions of the world, representing a marine resource of elevated economic value, this finding may open up a new opportunity for the local bristle worms fisheries. The present study aims to gain some insights into the biology of this largely unknown species, getting information that helps to the sustainabil- ity and management of this fishery. The sea/meteorological conditions on sampling days, the mobility restrictions derived from COVID-19, as well as the difficulties of the catching routine, that is a time-consuming procedure that requires certain experience, prevented Citation: Escobar, D., Couceiro, L., to get samples on a monthly basis as initially planned. Even so, although scarce, our re- Fernández, N., Muíño, R. & Parapar, sults revealed some interesting features. First of all, as the taxonomic identity of giant J. 2021. Spatial bycatch risk assess- ment for artisanal tuna fisheries and specimens of the genus Eunice has been the object of considerable debate, we used molec- highly mobile predators. Arias, A., ular techniques to confirm the identity of the species present in NW Spain. COI sequences Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., (664 bp) revealed that Galician individuals belong to the species Eunice roussaei, previ- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- ously described from the Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, our data suggest a considerable beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. genetic diversity (9 out of the 10 individuals analysed showed a unique haplotype and Proceedings of the XVII International the mean genetic divergence among them was 2.9%). On the other hand, in contrast to our Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay initial expectations, we found no signs of epitoky on the studied specimens. Indeed, un- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of like other well-studied epitoke species of the genus, such as Eunice viridis or Eunice si- Oviedo, 93 pp. ciliensis, our data suggest that E. roussaei is a dioecious, broadcast spawner, that repro-

duces by the emission of free gametes into the water column in late summer or early au-

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. tumn.

Keywords: Artisanal fisheries, bycatch, fishing activity, species distribution models, risk assessment.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.15 Purse-seine fishery - its importance in Portugal.

D. Feijó 1, *, A. Silva 2, 3.

1 IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4, 4450- 308 Matosinhos, Portugal 2 IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495- 165 Lisboa, Portugal 3 Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), U-Lisboa, Portugal * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In Portugal, small pelagics such as sardine (Sardina pilchardus), chub-mackerel (Scomber colias), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) are the most landed species for the purse seine fishery. This fishery is an important fishery, accounting for 50% of total landings in weight. Historically, sardine has been the target species and is very much appreciated by the Portuguese. With the decline of this stock Citation: Feijó, D. & Silva, A. 2021. and the reduction of annual quotas, this fleet has supplemented its incomes by targeting Purse-seine fishery - its importance in chub-mackerel, for example. Also, behavior changes have been observed in the fleet along Portugal. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, the country, such as a search for new fishing grounds and species with more market value. H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, In the last years and mainly in the north, an increase in anchovy catches and landings was A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, also observed. Still, not everything that is caught is landed. Why? The reduction of annual J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanogra- quotas and establishment of daily limit quotas led to the increase of sardine slipping phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). among other species, creating the differences between catches and landings. This infor- University of Oviedo, 94 pp. mation could be important to improve the assessment of pelagic species. An insight on the recent evolution of purse seine fishery in Portugal with a focus on its operational changes will be presented in this work. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Captures, slipping, sardine, chub-mackerel.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.16 Red mullet abundance in the Bay of Biscay: main drivers and spatio-temporal dynamics.

C. Kermorvant 1, *, N. Caill-Milly 2, I. Paradinas 1, D. Sous 3, 4, B. Liquet 1, 5.

1 CNRS/Univ Pau Pays Adour E2S UPPA, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications de Pau-Fédération MIRA, UMR5142, 64600 Anglet, France 2 Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources d’Arcachon, France 3 Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Ocean- ography (MIO), La Garde, France 4 Univ. Pau Pays Adour E2S UPPA, Chaire HPC Waves, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Anglet, France 5 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Australia * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Climate fluctuations affect a large number of environmental factors that may Citation: Kermorvant, C., Caill- impact fish populations with various response mechanisms. For a major part of world Milly, N., Paradinas, I., Sous, D. & Li- quet, B. 2021. Red mullet abundance fisheries stocks, only abundance time-series are available. Relations between abundance in the Bay of Biscay: main drivers and of these species and ocean variables, including long term trends and seasonality evolu- spatio-temporal dynamics. Arias, A., tion, remains sparsely documented. The main objective of our work is to determine to Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., what extent effects of inter-annual and seasonal changes of environmental factors can be Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- identified and quantified on a selected time-series of abundance data-set: the striped red beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. mullet population within the Bay of Biscay. Landings per unit of effort (LPUE) for striped Proceedings of the XVII International red mullet data are confronted with environmental covariates extracted from Copernicus Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay web database. Our strategy is to break down the evolution of fish population into long- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, 95 pp. term and seasonal components and to analyse the possible dependency of both compo- nents on environmental factors. The overall tendencies are a decrease of long-term com- ponent and modification of the seasonality, with additional spatial variability. The ob-

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. served tendencies and seasonal changes are discussed against the spatio-temporal evolu- tion of environmental factors. A high spatial heterogeneity within the Bay of Biscay was found, both for striped red mullet long-term trends and seasonal changes. Most inter-an- nual and seasonal changes in striped red mullet abundance can be related to environmen- tal factors. In addition to the well-known annual fluctuation, the most coastal sites re- vealed a bi-annual seasonality possibly related to recruitment process.

Keywords: Climate change, Environmental modelling, Fisheries, Fourier, Time-series de- composition.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.17 iFADO project: contribution to the implementation of the MSFD in the Atlantic Area through modeling and in situ moni- toring approaches.

L. García-García 1, *, T. Rodríguez 1, M. Ruiz-Villarreal 1, M. Marta-Almeida 1, A. Bode 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The project iFADO (innovation in the Framework of the Atlantic Deep Ocean) aims to combine conventional monitoring programs (with a special focus on novel semi- automatic techniques that can be applied for in situ biological monitoring) with emerging technologies (such as gliders, satellite imagery, etc.) and modeling tools to assist the im- plementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), and to provide tools Citation: García-García, L., for the optimization of observing strategies for better evaluation and forecasting of the Rodríguez, T., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., Good Environmental Status (GES). Within this framework, the multidisciplinary iFADO- Marta-Almeida, M. & Bode, A. 2021. RADPROF cruise was carried out with transnational collaboration on summer 2020 along iFADO project: contribution to the a standard coastal-oceanic transect off NW Iberia, including physical, biogeochemical and implementation of the MSFD in the biological measurements. Additionally, an effort is being made in the implementation, Atlantic Area through modeling and in situ mon-itoring approaches. validation and extension of existing and new biogeochemical models in the Atlantic mar- Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- gin, focusing on key physical and biogeochemical variables to build Model Derived Indi- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., cators (MDI) useful for the evaluation of MSFD Descriptors. We will show that the com- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. bination of the iFADO models and monitoring approaches constitute an essential contri- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- bution for the implementation of the MSFD in several aspects: 1) to contribute data and ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- potential indicators for MSFD Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 from coastal to open- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). ocean environments, b) to detect, model and predict temporal changes/trends in marine University of Oviedo, 96 pp. ecosystems in the study area and c) to help define sensible assessment units taking into account ecohydrodynamic considerations.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Novel monitoring, biogeochemical models, model derived indicators.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

5.18 Establishment of an integrated marine observing system in an offshore aquaculture site to monitor, study and predict the occurrence of marine biotoxins and shellfish poisoning events.

Y. Sagarminaga 1, *, M. Revilla 1, L. Ferrer 1, O. Solaun 1, A. Fontán 1, M. González 1, J. G. Rodríguez 1, J. Bald 1, I. Zorita 1, L. Cuesta 1, E. Erauskin 1, M. Lucero 1, J. Uskola 1, M. Cuesta 1.

1 AZTI, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In 2016, the Basque government legally declared the Ondarroa-Lekeitio coastal section as a "Bivalve Mollusk Production Area" (BMPA). In 2019 began the commerciali- zation of the mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) produced by the first company installed. To ensure the correct management of the production and commercialization of molluscs Citation: Sagarminaga, Y., Revilla, in the BMPA and comply with the human consumption regulations, an integrated marine M., Ferrer, L., Solaun, O., Fontán, A., observing system (IMOS) was established to monitor the presence of biotoxins and study González, M., Rodríguez, J. G., Bald, its possible relation with the environmental conditions during these episodes. This system J., Zorita, I., Cuesta, L., Erauskin, E., includes, besides the mussels biotoxins analyses, in-situ hydrographic measures with Lucero, M., Uskola, J. & Cuesta, M. 2021. Establishment of an integrated CTD and a continuous in-situ fluorescence sensor, a 3D ocean model, high and mid reso- marine observing system in an off- lution satellite imagery (MODIS- AQUA, MODIS-TERRA, VIIRS, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel- shore aquaculture site to monitor, 3), and ancillary meteorological (wind, precipitation, and irradiance) and river input ob- study and predict the occurrence of servations (flow and nutrients) from close meteorological and hydrographic stations. marine biotoxins and shellfish poi- From January 2019 to December 2020, the concentration of biotoxins in mussels has ex- soning events. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- ceeded the regulatory limits 26 times out of 78: 22 due to the okadaic acid, a "Diarrheic ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- Shellfish Poisoning” toxin produced by Dinophysis spp., 3 due to the “Paralytic Shellfish varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Poisoning” toxins produced by some dinoflagellate species, and 1 due to the “Amnesic Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Shellfish Poisoning” toxin produced by some Pseudo-nitzschia species. The first analysis Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- results show that different environmental conditions are behind each type of event. Oka- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 97 pp. daic acid pollution events appear seasonally in early spring although with high interan- nual variability in their intensity and persistence. The rest of events are much more occa- sional and so far, preliminary hypothesis on their causes have been retained to be vali- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. dated with future occurrences. In this presentation we will provide a detailed description of the IMOS components and the methods that have been used to complement all their delivered information and obtain the former results.

Keywords: Dinophysis, Pseudo-nitzschia, Escherichia coli.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.19 Predation on juveniles of the sea urchin Paracentrotus livi- dus.

S. de la Uz 1, *, J. López 1, C. Rodríguez 2.

1 TRAGSA. Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Castropol, Asturias, Spain 2 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Castropol, Asturias, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Predation is a key process in determining sea urchin population structure and dynamics. The small juvenile life stages are potentially susceptible to predation from a much broader range of predators than the older and larger life stages. In stocking experi- ments, release size is clearly an important factor mediating post-release survival in many species. In sea urchin restocking activities, previous studies highlight the importance of releasing well developed sea urchins (test diameter>20 mm) considering that size is one Citation: de la Uz, S., López, J. & Ro- of the main constraints affecting survival. However, size at release is an important con- dríguez, C. 2021. Predation on juve- sideration for sea urchin stocking since releasing small hatchery sea urchins is advanta- niles of the sea urchin Paracentrotus geous to reduce the costs of production associated with a prolonged grow-out phase. In lividus. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., addition, due to the cryptic behaviour of sea urchin juveniles once they are seeded, accu- Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. rate estimations of survival are difficult to measure. It is for that reason that tethering (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- experiments were used to evaluate comparative predation rate son the sea urchin Para- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- centrotus lividus. The most effective and commonly used tethering methods involve pierc- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). ing the sea urchin test from the oral to the aboral region with a hypodermic needle, and University of Oviedo, 98 pp. passing a monofilament line through the skeleton, which is used as a tether. In the present study, three size classes of sea urchin juveniles were used in three intertidal locations in order to know the predation rate according to the size. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Echinoidea, tethering, life stages, size.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.20 Feasibility of the release of hatchery sea urchin juveniles as a tool to improve the natural stocks.

S. de la Uz 1, *, J. López 1, C. Rodríguez 2.

1 TRAGSA. Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Castropol, Asturias, Spain 2 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Castropol, Asturias, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is the most important commercial species in Southern European regions. In the last decades, its populations have shown a wide scale decline in many European countries due to inappropriate management strate- gies. In Asturias, the regional government implemented a total closure on sea urchin har- vesting in 2016, in order to facilitate the natural self-recovery of the stocks. In addition, the application of aquaculture technologies could potentially be a useful tool to improve Citation: de la Uz, S., López, J. & Ro- the natural stocks through the release of hatchery juveniles. However, few attempts at dríguez, C. 2021. Feasibility of the re- large-scale stock enhancement of marine invertebrates have been successful. The inherent lease of hatchery sea urchin juveniles difficulty of studying sea urchins in their early life stages and evaluating the survival of as a tool to improve the natural released juveniles in the wild is a complex task when animals cannot be tagged. The aim stocks. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring unmarked juveniles released in Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. the rocky intertidal. In autumn 2018, 8300 juveniles were released at the selected site. The (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- abundance and population structure were monitored along six transects and within each ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- transect three plots of 2 m2 were sampled. All individuals of P. lividus in each plot were phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). counted and their test diameters were measured with a calliper. For analysis, the diame- University of Oviedo, 99 pp. ters were grouped into size classes with intervals of 1 cm. Patterns of abundance and dis- tribution of P. lividus were compared before and after (6 months, 1 and 2 years) the release.

Despite the constraints of the study, the results are promising. The increase in the smallest Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. size classes after release and their possible follow-up after two years of monitoring sug- gest that the released juveniles settled and survived in the study population.

Keywords: stock enhancement, Paracentrotus lividus, monitoring.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

5.21 Assesing antropogenic pressure index for the management of marine ecosystem.

U. C. Fernández-Arcaya 1, *, A. Rodríguez-Basalo 1, E. Ceballos 1, J. M. González-Irusta 1, P. Verísimo 1, A. Punzón 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Human activities are having a major impact on ecosystems worldwide. Among anthropogenic pressures, mobile bottom-contacting fisheries are identified as a major cause of physical disturbance on the seafloor. The study aims to develop indicators of pressure on benthic habitats, including bottom-trawl fisheries, to quantify the human footprint within the different habitats along the Bay of Biscay. The combined information of the Vessel Monitoring System with the logbooks allows us to obtain a spatial distribu- Citation: Fernández-Arcaya, U. C., tion pattern of bottom trawling and commercial species' catches. To describe the temporal Rodríguez-Basalo, A., Ceballos, E., and spatial patterns in fishing activity data from the six-year period 2013-2018 was ana- González-Irusta, J. M., Verísimo, P. & lyzed. The fishing intensity (FI) was expressed as swept-area ratios (SAR). The FI was Punzón, A. 2021. Assesing antropo- genic pressure index for the manage- overlapping with EUNIS 3 broad-scale habitats distribution and following ICES methods, ment of marine ecosystem. Arias, A., five pressure indicators were developed based on the FI average. Preliminary analysis of Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., otter trawl SAR showed that the physical disturbance pressures by fishing vary spatially Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- in the Bay of Biscay showing the highest footprint in offshore circalittoral mud and off- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. shore circalittoral sand. The spatial extent and distribution of these pressure layers will Proceedings of the XVII International be combined with the other main pressures occurring in the area to identify which eco- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay system components are most likely to be further perturbed by the current and future hu- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of man activities and to guide management toward achieving the Good Environmental Sta- Oviedo, 100 pp. tus of benthic habitat in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) implementa-

tion.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Human activities, Pressure Index, Fishing intensity, MSFD.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.22 Applying length-based assessment methods to fishery re- sources of the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion: stock sta- tus and parameter sensitivity.

M. Cousido-Rocha 1, *, S. Cerviño 1, A. Alonso-Fernández 2, J. Gil-Herrera 3, I. González-Herraiz 4, M. M. Rincón 3, F. Ramos 3, C. Rodríguez-Cabello 5, P. Sampedro 4, Y. Vila 3, M. G. Pennino 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. Subida a Radio Faro 50-52, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. 3 IEO. Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. Muelle de Levante s/n, Puerto Pesquero, 11006 Cádiz, Spain 4 IEO. Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña. Paseo Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez 10, 15001 A Coruña, Spain 5 IEO. Centro Oceanográfico de Santander. Promontorio San Martín s/n. 39004 Santander. Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Cousido-Rocha, M., Cer- Abstract: Length-based methods have been widely applied to estimate biological param- viño, S., Alonso-Fernández, A., Gil, J., eters and to understand the dynamics of marine resource populations within the category González-Herraiz, I., Rincón, M. M., of data-limited stocks. However, few studies have been performed to date to test the pa- Ramos, F., Rodríguez-Cabello, C., rameter sensitivity of length-based methods on stocks with different traits and fishery Sampedro, P., Vila, Y. & Pennino, M. contexts. In the Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast ecoregion, SE Europe (ICES, Interna- G. 2021. Applying length-based as- sessment methods to fishery re- tional Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Divisions 8 and 9a), many commercial re- sources of the Bay of Biscay and Ibe- sources are considered data-limited and little is known about their stock status or some rian Coast ecoregion: stock status and issues in their current assessment remain open. Therefore, this study focuses on two of parameter sensitivity. Arias, A., Ríos, the most used length-based methods suggested by ICES as the most appropriate to eval- P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. uate data-limited stocks, namely length-based indicators (LBI) and length-based spawn- L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. ing potential ratio (LBSPR). Both methods have been applied to assess the stock status of & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings a number of relevant species in the study area, such as: the small-spotted catshark (Scylio- of the XVII International Symposium on rhinus canicula), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), blackspot seabream (Pagellus Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 101 bogaraveo), pouting (Trisopterus luscus), pollack (Pollachius pollachius) and Norway lobster pp. (Nephrops norvegicus). For each stock, model results have been compared with available knowledge of their current status. Furthermore, we discuss if unexpected results can be related to violations of the main model assumptions (constant total mortality and recruit- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ment, and logistic selectivity) or to the non-representativeness of stock length composi- tion. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted of the two most important in- put parameters: L∞ (von Bertalanffy asymptotic average maximum body size) and M/k (ratio of natural mortality to von Bertalanffy growth rate). This analysis concludes that the variation/misspecification of both parameters (M/k and L∞) has a considerable impact on the results given by both methods, and that this effect is more significant in the case of the L∞ parameter, thus highlighting the importance of its accuracy in assessment.

Keywords: Data-limited fisheries, stock assessment, LBI, LBSPR.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.23 Littoral Guardians: European Program “Coastwatch” in As- turias.

I. Felgueres Rivero 1, *, L. Álvarez-Sala Villazón 1, B. Redondo Soto 1, M. Menéndez Cárcaba 1.

1 Asociación de Ciencias Ambientales de Asturias (ACASTUR), Gijón, Spain. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Coastwatch Europe is an international network composed of environmental groups, universities and other educational institutions that work together with local and individual associations along the European coast, with the aim of protecting the coast and reaching a sustainable management of resources. It was introduced in Spain in 1992, and it is coordinated by the Asturian Association of Environmental Sciences (ACASTUR) in Asturias since 2015, when a pilot test was carried out in La Isla beach (Colunga), with a great influx of interested people. The main objectives of the program are: i) Provide a Citation: Felgueres Rivero, I., Álva- global view of the problem and increase the attention of the public administration, in or- rez-Sala Villazón, L., Redondo Soto, der to demand protective measures for the coastal territory; ii) Create a European dataset B. & Menéndez Cárcaba, M. 2021. Lit- with common criteria for interpretation among different countries; and iii) Collaborate in toral Guardians: European Program “Coastwatch” in Asturias. Arias, A., environmental education, with special attention to citizen science. The analysis of the Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., sampling section was done through a form with a mandatory and a voluntary part. Each Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- sampling section was analysed with an individual form, and the same person may analyse beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. more than one different section, each of them of 500 m length. During each annual survey, Proceedings of the XVII International the following data are collected by direct observation and counting: the typology of the Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay area, the presence, spread and type of residues, invasive flora, biodiversity, coastal of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of changes, animal mortality, and other parameters. One if the most remarkable conclusions Oviedo, 102 pp. obtained from the surveys realized in 2016-2019 was that the majority of volunteers choose sampling sections that are located in protected areas and that the invasive vegeta-

tion is present in a great number of the analysed sections. Besides, we noted that there Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. seem to be a false belief and predisposition among citizens to expect unfavourable results from the analysis of effluents, while in fact the measured parameters were normal in a great percentage of the analysed effluents.

Keywords: Conservation, citizen science, volunteer.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

5.24 Advances in the study on sexual maturity of chub mackerel (Scomber colias) in the Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters.

M. R. Navarro 1, *, R. Domínguez-Petit 2, J. Landa 1, C. Hernández 1.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). C.O. Santander. Promontorio San Martín s/n. 39004 Santander, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). C.O. Vigo. Subida a Radio Faro, 50. 36390 Vigo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias, is a middle size pelagic species distrib- uted on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In the eastern Atlantic it is mostly captured in African waters, although landings of this species have increased recently at the Iberian Peninsula, likely associated to the increase of its abundance and expansion northwards, probably related to an increment of the sea temperature. ICES is promoting the analytical Citation: Navarro, M. R., Domín- assessment of this potential new European stock; for that purpose, knowledge of its re- guez-Petit, R., Landa, J. & Hernán- productive biology is necessary as well as estimation of reproductive parameters like ma- dez, C. 2021. Advances in the study turity at length or age. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge of the repro- on sexual maturity of chub mackerel ductive biology of the Atlantic chub mackerel and to present updated information on (Scomber colias) in the Cantabrian Sea spawning period and maturity ogives that can be used for analytical stock assessment. and Galician waters. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. For that purpose, reproductive biology of the Atlantic chub mackerel has been studied in L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. northern Iberian Atlantic waters (ICES Divisions 27.8.c and 27.9.a.N) based on samples of & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings 14538 specimens (11-50 cm total length) from commercial landings and scientific surveys of the XVII International Symposium on collected during the period 2011-2019. The spawning period was defined based on the Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- monthly prevalence of active females (maturity stages 3, 4 and 5 according to Walsh mac- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 103 roscopic maturity scale) and temporal variability of gonado- and hepato-somatic indices pp. (GSI/HIS) of the females. Length and age maturity ogives were also estimated for males and females pooling all sampled years together. Maturity parameters as well as reproduc-

tive season duration are used to provide recommendations to improve sampling proce- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. dures for analytical stock assessment.

Keywords: Scombridae, N-NW Iberian waters, spawning period, maturity ogives.

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6. Water Quality.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

6.1 Summer hypoxia in a small estuary of the French Atlantic coast (the Charente): findings from high-frequency and long- term surveys.

S. Schmidt 1, *, I. I. Diallo 2.

1 UMR5805 EPOC, CNRS, OASU, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France 2 Rectorat de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the key physico-chemical quality elements that must be considered under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) to reach a “good ecological status”. Globally, there has been a decrease in DO in the oceans, that is more pronounced in coastal waters, resulting in more frequent hypoxia events. However, Citation: Schmidt, S. & Diallo, I. I. the variability of DO is still poorly documented in coastal systems, making it difficult to 2021. Summer hypoxia in a small es- estimate its long-term evolution. Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, there tuary of the French Atlantic coast (the are at least a dozen small tidal and turbid estuaries, geographically located between the Charente): findings from high-fre- two large estuaries of the Gironde and the Loire. Spatio-temporal DO dynamic of these quency and long-term surveys. Arias, large systems is now well described, thanks to the MAGEST and SYVEL long-term, high- A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., frequency and multi-sites monitoring of water quality. Whereas episodic summer hy- Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- -1 beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. poxia events (DO <3 mg L ) were recorded in the urban Garonne sub-estuary of the Gi- Proceedings of the XVII International ronde estuary, the turbid Loire estuary experiences permanent summer hypoxia in its Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay lower reaches. These observations have raised the question about the potential occurrence of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of of summer hypoxia in the Charente estuary, that is located among them. Here we present Oviedo, 105 pp. an investigation of dissolved oxygen in the Charente estuary. Oxygen (optode) and salin- ity sensors have been placed at several sites during summers 2018, 2019 and 2020 to record temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen every 20 min. The high-frequency dataset Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. highlights a high variability of dissolved oxygen, with a clear influence of tidal cycles. Concentrations are frequently below 5 mg L-1, and even sometimes below 2 mg L-1, in particular during heat wave events. This high-frequency dataset is compared to a long- term, low frequency dataset (AEAG, 6 to 8 measurements per year, 1975-2020) to deter- mine whether or not there is a degradation of oxygenation in the Charente estuary.

Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, monitoring, good ecological status, water quality, Charente estuary.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

6.2 Setting boundaries of nutrients quality status classes in tran- sitional and coastal waters of the southeastern Bay of Biscay, un- der the European Water Framework Directive.

J. G. Rodríguez 1, *, J. Bald 1, Á. Borja 1, A. Fontán 1, J. Franco 1, J. Larreta 1, M. Revilla 1, O. Solaun 1.

1 AZTI Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, Pasaia-20110 (Gipuzkoa), Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to achieve good ecological status (GES) in all the aquatic ecosystems of the EU by 2027 at the latest. Under the WFD, the GES is assessed in an integrated way, using biological quality elements (BQE) and sup- porting hydromorphological and physico-chemical elements, including nutrient condi- tions. GES for nutrient concentrations must be in line with the correct functioning of the

Citation: Rodríguez, J. G., Bald, J., ecosystem and must support the achievement of GES for the BQEs (i.e., phytoplankton, Borja, Á., Fontán, A., Franco, J., La- macroalgae). To assess the current boundaries of nutrients status classes in transitional rreta, J., Revilla, M. & Solaun, O. 2021. and coastal (TraC) waters of the Basque Country (southeastern Bay of Biscay), the rela- Setting boundaries of nutrients qual- tionships between nutrient concentrations (orthophosphate, nitrate and ammonium) and ity status classes in transitional and chlorophyll-a were studied, following the technical guidance developed by the ECOSTAT coastal waters of the southeastern working group (Common Implementation Strategy of the WFD) on that regard. To this Bay of Biscay, under the European end, historical data (1995-2018) from the “Monitoring network of the Basque Country” Water Framework Directive. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., were used. For the chlorophyll-a data the 6-year 90th percentile was used (the official Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- intercalibrated method), while for the nutrients the 6-year average concentrations were beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. considered. Three statistical methods were applied and assessed: 1) LOESS regression Proceedings of the XVII International (Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing); 2) Quantile regression; and 3) Minimisation of Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay mismatch. The results were assessed considering mainly the Good/Moderate boundary. of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of The quantile regression method produced the most coherent and robust results. The val- Oviedo, 106 pp. ues were compared with the boundaries in force in other TraC areas of the North-east

Atlantic ecoregion, as well as with the current boundaries in river waters of the study

area. The boundaries estimated in this study are higher than those in force in other areas of the Cantabrian Sea and Galicia. This is the first study conducted in the TraC waters of Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. the Cantabrian Sea that has followed the ECOSTAT guide to test the suitability of the nutrient quality classes.

Keywords: Good Ecological Status, class boundaries, Basque Country, monitoring.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

6.3 Tributyltin compound evolution in Bidasoa (SE Bay of Bis- cay) transboundary estuarine waters.

J. Larreta 1, *, O. Solaun 1, I. Menchaca 1, J. G. Rodríguez 1, Á. Borja 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Tributyltin compound (TBT) is one of the most toxic xenobiotics that have been deliberately introduced into the environment. This compound, that produces toxic effects on a broad spectrum of organisms in the seas, was widely used as an anti-fouling biocide in hull paints for all types of ships. Use restrictions have been progressive since the 1980s, but in the Bidasoa estuary, a transboundary estuary in southwestern Bay of Biscay, TBT is being detected in waters. The specific TBT studies carried out by the Basque Water Agency (URA) in this transitional water body, shared by Spain and France, collected sur- Citation: Larreta, J., Solaun, O., Men- face water quarterly, in low tides, at 8 sampling points since 2014. TBT was analysed to chaca, I., Rodríguez, J. G. & Borja, Á. assess its chemical status in accordance with the Priority Substances Directive 2013/39/EU, 2021. Tributyltin compound evolu- which only includes the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for TBT in the water ma- tion in Bidasoa (SE Bay of Biscay) trix. The determination was carried out by accredited method, but the EQS expressed as transboundary estuarine waters. an annual average value (AA-EQS) in water is very low, making it difficult to achieve Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., compliance with the specifications described in the directive regarding analytical meth- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. odology. Throughout these years, a decreasing evolution of the annual TBT mean concen- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- tration has been observed. Hence, non-compliance with the AA-EQS has been decreasing, ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- with fewer data in recent years that do not comply with the standard. Even so, data occa- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). sionally exceed the AA-EQS, and sometimes the EQS expressed as a maximum allowable University of Oviedo, 107 pp. concentration (MAC-EQS), intermittently causing the transitional water body not to achieve the good chemical status due to TBT.

Keywords: TBT, Water Framework Directive, Priority Substances Directive. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

6.4 Antibiotics in the Basque coast (North Spain): occurrence and risk assessment for a better water monitoring and management.

O. Solaun 1, *, J. Larreta 1, I. Menchaca 1, J. G. Rodríguez 1, E. López-García 2, B. Zonja 2, C. Postigo 2, M. López de Alda 2, D. Barceló 2, Á. Borja 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain 2 Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The study of the presence of antibiotics, considered as Contaminants of Emerg- ing Concern (CEC), in the aquatic environment is a preliminary step to analyse their pos- sible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. In order to monitor the occurrence of CECs

Citation: Solaun, O., Larreta, J., Men- in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015 and 2018 two chaca, I., Rodríguez, J. G., López-Gar- watch-lists of substances for Union-wide monitoring in the field of water policy (Deci- cía, E., Zonja, B., Postigo, C., López de sions (EU) 2015/495 and 2018/840), where antibiotics were included. In the Basque coast, Alda, M., Barceló, D. & Borja, Á. 2021. southeast of the Bay of Biscay, three macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, Antibiotics in the Basque coast azithromycin) and ciprofloxacin were monitored quarterly from 2017 to 2020, in water (North Spain): occurrence and risk samples collected from two Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) and three control assessment for a better water moni- points associated with receiving waters (transitional and coastal water bodies). This work toring and management. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., was done for the Basque Water Agency (URA). The three macrolide antibiotics showed a Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- frequency of quantification higher than 65% in the Basque coast, with higher concentra- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. tions in the WWTP emission stations than in receiving waters. The frequency of quantifi- Proceedings of the XVII International cation of these substances decreased from 2017 to 2020, as did the consumption of antibi- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay otics in primary care in Spain since 2015. Ciprofloxacin showed higher frequencies of of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of quantification in receiving waters than in wastewaters, but the highest concentrations Oviedo, 108 pp. were observed in the WWTP emission stations. Although consumption of fluoroquin- olones (among which is ciprofloxacin) in primary care in the Basque Country has de-

creased in recent years, this trend was not observed in the waters sampled in the present Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. study. On the other hand, concentrations of clarithromycin, azithromycin and ciproflox- acin in receiving waters exceeded their respective Predicted No-Effect Concentrations, so they could pose an environmental risk. These substances are widely used in human and animal health, so, although they are not included in the third watch-list, published in 2020, it would be advisable to continue monitoring them.

Keywords: EU Watch List, Water Framework Directive, Priority Substances Directive.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

6.5 Toward the assessment of the chemical status for metals in transitional and coastal waters within the EU Water Framework Directive using Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT).

J. G. Rodríguez 1, I. Amouroux 2, M. J. Belzunce-Segarra 1, *, P. Bersuder 3, T. Bolam 3, M. Caetano 4, M. M. P. C. dos Santos 5, J. Franco 1, J-L. González 6, S. Guesdon 7, J. Larreta 1, B. Marras 8, B. McHugh 9, I. Men- chaca 1, F. Menet 10, V. Millán-Gabet 11, N. Montero 8, M. Nolan 12, F. Regan 12, C. Robinson 13, M. R. Sanz 11, O. Perceval 14, M. Schintu 8, B. White 12, H. Zhang 15.

1 Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain 2 Ifremer, Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chemical Risk Assessment, BP 21105 44311 NANTES Cedex 3 – France 3 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, United Kingdom 4 IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Lis- bon, 1495-006, Portugal 5 Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, 1049- 001, Portugal 6 Ifremer, Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, B.P. 330 Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, 83507 La Seyne/mer cedex, France 7 Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais 8 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 9 Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland 10 Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14 520 Port-en-Bessin, France 11 Departamento de Agua, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, 35119, Spain 12 DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland 13 Marine Scotland, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory Field Station, Inchbraoch House, South Quay, Ferryden, Montrose. DD10 9SL United Kingdom 14 The French Agency for Biodiversity, Vincennes, Paris, 94300, France 15 Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

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Abstract: The WFD (2000/60/EC) establishes that the chemical status of water bodies must be determined by the comparison of the concentrations of priority substances with Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs). These EQSs are laid down for biota or water depending on the substances considered. The MONITOOL research project has investi- gated the use of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGTs) passive samplers for the meas- urement of cadmium, nickel and lead in order to i) overcome some of the limitations of spot sampling -providing time-integrated labile metal concentrations during the deploy- ment time- and ii) adapt EQSs to be used for DGTs for the assessment of the chemical status. In 2018, two sampling campaigns were carried out in winter (rainy season) and in summer (dry season); simultaneous deployment of DGTs and “high”-frequency collection of spot water samples were carried out at several sites from the Bay of Biscay and other Atlantic and Mediterranean European regions. Other specific metals (Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn) were also analysed in waters and in the DGT resins. The analysis of metals in DGT was done with ICP-MS. The analysis of metals in water was done with IPC-MS (total dissolved metal concentration) and with voltammetry (Pb and Cd labile fraction and total dissolved Ni). It was found that, except for Co, the concentrations of metals measured by DGT and by spot sampling were strongly correlated. Moreover, the environmental paraments has not found to influence the relationship between metal concentrations measured by ICPMS and DGT. Based on the obtained relationships, different approaches were proposed for adapting EQS to DGTs. These findings facilitate the use of DGTs for measuring metals in Citation: Rodríguez, J. G., transitional and coastal waters in a regulatory context. Amouroux, I., Belzunce-Segarra, M. J., Bersuder, P., Bolam, T., Caetano, M., dos Santos, M. M. P. C., Franco, Keywords: Heavy metals, water quality, Bay of Biscay. J., González, J-L., Guesdon, S., La- rreta, J., Marras, B., McHugh, B., Menchaca, I., Menet, F., Millán-Ga- bet, V., Montero, N., Nolan, M., Re- gan, F., Robinson, C., Sanz, M. R., Perceval, O., Schintu, M., White, B. & Zhang, H. 2021. Toward the assess- ment of the chemical status for metals in transitional and coastal waters within the EU Water Framework Di- rective using Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 109- 110 pp.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

6.6 An assessment of metal(oid)s in mussel tissues along the As- turian Coast (Bay of Biscay, Spain).

L. Sanz-Prada 1, *, E. García-Ordiales 1, J. M. Rico 2, N. Roqueñí 1, J. Loredo 1.

1 ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 2 University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Several international organizations have recommended the use of bioindicators to improve the evaluation of ecological risk in marine ecosystems. In this context, wild mussels from thirty sampling points along the Asturian coastline were collected and stud- ied. Biochemical analyses were realised to assess the metal(oid) concentrations in wild mussel tissues. Two main concentration trends were observed: Concentrations of As, Cd,

Citation: Sanz-Prada, L., García-Or- Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn slightly decrease from the western to the eastern areas of the region, diales, E., Rico, J. M., Roqueñí, N. & while the opposite occurred for Fe, Hg and Se whose concentrations increased from the Loredo, J. 2021. An assessment of westernmost part of Asturias to the east. A correlation matrix was performed which metal(oid)s in mussel tissues along showed how essential metals for organisms such as Fe, Ni and Cr have good correlations the Asturian Coast (Bay of Biscay, between them but not with other metal(oid)s. On the other hand, Cd, Hg, Se and Zn were Spain). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., correlated by the matrix due to the mussel protection mechanism for harmful metals. In Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., addition, samples were also correlated by a cluster analysis based on their element con- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- centrations, showing two different groups. Group 1 was associated with the sampling ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- sites whose concentrations were related with anthropic sources, while mussel concentra- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). tions in Group 2 were attributed to natural sources. This last group was divided in two University of Oviedo, 111 pp. subgroups based on the lithology of the dominant geological materials of each area. Group 2.1 is formed by samples located on the east and westernmost part of the region, while Group 2.2 is composed of samples collected in the central area of the region. High- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. light, Group 2.1 could be also divided in two subgroups based on the lithology of the sample location. Both, geological and anthropic sources have generated an increment in mussel metal loads which sometimes surpassed international environmental criteria.

Keywords: Mytilidae, bioindicators, heavy metals, contamination, statistical approach.

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7. Blue Biotechnology and Marine Genetic Resources.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

7.1 Variability of growth, protein content and fatty acids of Ulva rigida under different culture conditions.

R. Aduriz 1, *, N. L. Arroyo 1, J. Robles 1, C. Rodríguez 2, X. E. Moreno 3.

1 Investalga Ahti S.L 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain 3 Universidad de Cantabria (UC) * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Ulva rigida is a species of green macroalgae (Chlorophyta) characterized by its great potential as a sustainable source of essential fatty acids and proteins. The aim of this work is to analyse how the variation of cultivation conditions affects the protein contents and fatty acids of this macroalga. The U. rigida cultivation experiment has been developed from an initial biomass of 2 grams, in a volume of 1L and a period of 7 days. The different

Citation: Aduriz, R., Arroyo, N. L., conditions were photoperiod (12:12 and 8:16 light:darkness), temperature (10ºC and 18ºC) Robles, J., Rodríguez, C. & Moreno, and nutrients (with and without nitrogen limitations). From the dried algal biomass (in X. E. 2021. Variability of growth, pro- grams) obtained after drying at 40ºC, the protein and fatty acid contents are analysed us- tein content and fatty acids of Ulva ing gas chromatographic techniques. The conclusions were that cultivations with the 12:12 rigida under different culture condi- photoperiod produce a greater amount of biomass, 18ºC-N 12:12 (5,92±0,39 g), compared tions. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., to the 10ºC-L 8:16 cultivation (3,45±0,48 g), reaching a 71,59% improvement. The highest Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., maximum growth rate occurs in the cultivations with a photoperiod 12:12, 18ºC-N 12:12 Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. -1 -1 (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- (0,31 day ), with respect to the cultivations 18ºC-L 8:16 (0,10 day ), reaching 210% im- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- provement. On the other hand, larger protein content is obtained in cultivations where phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). there is no nitrogen limitation (N) in this case our benchmark cultivation is 18ºC-L 12:12 University of Oviedo, 113 pp. (4,89±1,48% protein). When we compare to 10ºC-N 8:16 (10,92±0,93% protein) and 18ºC-N 12:12 (9,44±2,05% protein) we get a 123,31% and 93% gain, respectively. Finally, cultiva- tions with a temperature of 18ºC and without N limitation produce a higher percentage Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. of fatty acids such as C5 culture (7,23±1,46% fatty acids dry weight) and 18ºC-N 8:16 (7,21±1,23%) with respect to the cultivation conditions 18ºC L-8: 16 (5,38±0,74%) with a 34% improvement.

Keywords: Algae, photoperiod, nutrients, temperature.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

7.2 Genetic monitoring of the declining European sea urchin Pa- racentrotus lividus from the central Bay of Biscay (Asturias, NW Spain) and attempts to restore its wild populations.

M. Parrondo 1, *, S. López 1, S. de la Uz 2, C. Rodríguez 2, J. F. Carrasco 2, L. García-Flórez 2, Y. J. Borrell 1.

1 Department of Functional Biology, Genetics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo/Uviéu, Spain 2 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Dirección General de Pesca Marítima, Gobierno del Prin- cipado de Asturias, Gijón/Xixón, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Paracentrotus lividus is a sea urchin with a relevant ecological role in the Canta- brian Sea ecosystem where its populations are in severe decline and the regional govern- ment has implemented a population restoration strategy with the aim of preserving this valuable marine resource. In this study, genetic monitoring was conducted for the first Citation: Parrondo, M., López, S., de la Uz, S., Rodríguez, C., Carrasco, J. time in the central area of the southern Bay of Biscay to describe the genetic diversity F., García-Flórez, L. & Borrell, Y. J. patterns of P. lividus and to assess the potential impacts of conservation and mitigation 2021. Genetic monitoring of the de- actions on the wild gene pool. Genetic analyses were performed using the mitochondrial clining European sea urchin Paracen- CytB gene and microsatellite loci. Asturian localities showed significant genetic heteroge- trotus lividus from the central Bay of neity, possibly due to genetic drift, and seemed to constitute a differentiated management Biscay (Asturias, NW Spain) and at- unit with regard to other areas of the species distribution. The genetic diversity analyses tempts to restore its wild popula- comparing wild samples with those subjected to restoration experiments did not show tions. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., significant negative effects on restored localities. Sea urchins from hatcheries represented Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. 3.5% of the total recaptured individuals (95% accuracy). Even when low hatchery contri- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- butions were detected in this work, the results pointed to the necessity of improving the ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- initial autochthonous breeder genetic pool and the aquaculture strategies applied when phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). restoring wild populations to avoid future unwanted negative effects on wild gene pools. University of Oviedo, 114 pp. Keywords: Conservation aquaculture, management unit, mitigation aquaculture, purple sea urchin, Ryman-Laikre. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

7.3 Chaotic genetic patchiness in the highly valued Atlantic stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes from the Iberia Peninsula: implications for fisheries management.

M. Parrondo 1, *, P. Morán 2, M. Ballenghien 3, K. J. Geiger 4, J. Arrontes 4, L. García-Flórez 5, E. García- Vázquez 1, A. Aguión 6, J. Chiss 3, J. N. Fernandes 7, G. Macho 8, T. Cruz 7, 9, J. L. Acuña 4, D. Jollivet 3, Y. J. Borrell 1.

1 Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología y Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM- UVIGO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain. 3 Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144 ‘Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins’ (AD2M), Equipe Dynamique de la Diversité marine (Dydiv), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Geor- ges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France. 4 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 5 Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Consejería de Desarrollo Rural y Recursos Naturales del Principado de Asturias, Avenida Príncipe de Asturias s/n, 33212, Gijón/Xixón, Spain. 6 Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Lagoas-Marco- sende, Vigo, Spain. 7 MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universi- dade de Évora, Sines, Portugal. 8 Estación de Ciencias Mariñas Illa de Toralla (ECIMAT), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Spain, and Fisheries Consultant, Seychelles (current address). 9 Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mi- tra, Apartado 94 7002-554, Évora, Portugal. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

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Abstract: The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes inhabits rocky shores from the Atlantic coasts of South England to Senegal. Because of culinary traditions of the southern Europe, stalked barnacles represent an important target for local fisheries in the Iberian Peninsula. To manage this fishery sustainably, it is therefore important to assess the dynamics of local populations over the Iberian coast and how they are inter-connected at a wider scale using finelytuned genetic markers. In this work, a new enriched library of GT microsatel- lites for P. pollicipes was prepared and sequenced using the Ion TorrentTM Next Gen-Se- quencing technology and 1401 adults and juveniles were sampled in 15 localities of three geographic regions: Galicia and Asturias (both in Spain) and the South of Portugal. Twenty polymorphic loci arranged in five multiplex PCRs were then tested and validated as new molecular tools to address the spatial and temporal genetic patterns of P. pollicipes. Our results reveal high genetic diversity in the adults. However, juveniles are genetically more structured than their adult counterparts, which alternatively display much more connectivity between the three studied regions. The lack of spatial genetic heterogeneity in adults may be due to the superimposition of several generations of settlers coming from different geographic origins which mainly depends upon the orientation of residual cur- rents along the coast during reproduction. Genetic differentiation of juveniles may be in- deed congruent with the Iberian Peninsula hydrodynamics which can produce chaotic genetic patchiness at small temporal scales due to sweepstakes reproductive success, col- lective dispersal and/or self-recruitment. To conclude, high effective population sizes of Citation: Parrondo, M., Morán, P., P. pollicipes can lead to the false impression of population panmixia at the Iberian scale by Ballenghien, M., Geiger, K., Arrontes, J., García-Flórez, L., García-Vázquez, masking more restricted and current-driven larval exchanges between regions. This E., Aguión, A., Chiss, J., Fernandes, J. should be taken into consideration for further specific management and conservation N., Macho, G., Cruz, T., Acuña, J. L., plans for the species over the Iberian Peninsula. Jollivet, D. & Borrell, Y. J. 2021. Cha- otic genetic patchiness in the highly Keywords: Small-scale fisheries, recruitment, stock management, connectivity. valued Atlantic stalked barnacle Pol- licipes pollicipes from the Iberia Penin- sula: implications for fisheries man- agement. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton,

H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanogra- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, 115-116 pp.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.

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8. Invasive Species and Anthropogenic Pressure.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

8.1 Building on gAMBI in ports for a challenging biological in- vasions scenario: Blue-gNIS as a proof of concept.

A. Ibabe 1, *, L. Miralles 1, 2, C. E. Carleos 3, V. Soto-López 4, D. Menéndez-Teleña 4, M. Bartolomé 4, H. J. Montes 4, M. González 5, E. Dopico 6, E. García-Vázquez 1, Y. J. Borrell 1.

1 Genetics. Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo. C/ Julián Clavería s/n. 33006- Oviedo, Spain 2 Ecohydros S.L., Polígono Industrial de Cros, Edif. 5-Nave 8. 39600 Maliaño, Cantabria. 3 Department of Statistics and Operations Research and Mathematics Didactics, University of Oviedo. Facultad de Ciencias, C/ Federico García Lorca, s/n 33007 Oviedo, Spain. 4 Department of Marine Science and Technology, University of Oviedo. Escuela Superior de Ma- rina Civil. Campus de Gijón C/Blasco de Garay s/n 33203 Gijón- Asturias. 5 CEO of Environmental Sustainability. Port Authority of Gijon. Spain. 6 Department of Educational Sciences. C/ Aniceto Sela s/n. 33005-Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Ibabe, A., Miralles, L., Car- leos, C. E., Soto-López, V., Menén- Abstract: The status of aquatic ecosystems has historically been monitored by the use of dez-Teleña, D., Bartolomé, M., Mon- biotic indices. However, few biotic measures consider the presence of non-indigenous tes, H. J., González, M., Dopico, E., García-Vázquez, E. & Borrell, Y. J. species as a sign of anthropogenic pollution and habitat disturbance even when this may 2021. Building on gAMBI in ports for seriously affect the metric scores and ecological status classifications of an environment. a challenging biological invasions Biological invasions are currently one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and sustaina- scenario: Blue-gNIS as a proof of con- ble blue economies around the world. In this work, environmental assessments were con- cept. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., ducted in the Port of Gijón, northern Spain, using eDNA metabarcoding, and the gAMBI Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., (genetics based AZTI Marine Biotic Index) was estimated. Results indicate a high/good Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. ecological status within the port. However, nine non-indigenous species and five invasive (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- species were found, and a modification of the gAMBI that includes species invasiveness ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). was proposed: Blue-gNIS. The index was preliminaril tested against existing biotic indi- University of Oviedo, 118 pp. ces. Blue-gNIS classified the port in a good ecological status and showed its potential use- fulness to achieve more complete water quality assessments of ports.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Metabarcoding, invasive species, bioinvasion, Cantabrian Sea, Blueports.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

8.2 Changes in the abundance and distribution of non-indige- nous macroalgae after seven years. Growing pains in the inter- tidal.

M. Rubal 1, 2, *, D. Carreira-Flores 3, J. Moreira 4, L. Guerrero-Meseguer 1, 2, P. Veiga 1, 2.

1 Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 3 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho Braga, Portugal 4 Department of Biology (Zoology), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: During the spring of 2014 twenty-two rocky shores between Cabo Ortegal and Ribadeo were sampled to evaluate the distribution and abundance of four non-indigenous (NIS) macroalgae (i.e. Sargassum muticum, Asparagopsis armata, Grateloupia turuturu and Citation: Rubal, M., Carreira-Flores, Undaria pinnatifera). The presence/absence of these species was recorded for each shore D., Moreira, J., Guerrero-Meseguer, L. & Veiga, P. 2021. Changes in the along a transect of 100 meters parallel to the shore. When target species were present their abundance and distribution of non- abundance was quantified using the following semi-quantitative scale: absent, rare, occa- indigenous macroalgae after seven sional, frequent, abundant and dominant. During the spring of 2021, the same shores were years. Growing pains in the inter- sampled again, following the same procedure. Results showed important changes in the tidal. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., distribution and abundance of the target species. The kelp U. pinnatifera was recorded in Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., 2021 on western shores while in 2014 it had not been found. Moreover, during 2014 the Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. distribution of G. turuturu was limited to few western shores while in 2021 this species (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- showed an irregular distribution along the studied area. The other two target species S. ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). muticum and A. armata were distributed along the whole studied area in 2014 and they University of Oviedo, 119 pp. were still conspicuous during 2021 but, their abundance increased in most of the shores. This increase in the abundance of S. muticum and A. armata, should be considered with caution as these species show a very changeable phenology in response to environmental Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. conditions. However, the increasing of abundance is strong enough to be considered and justify future monitoring programs on these two NIS species. Therefore, in a period of seven years, we have detected an extension in the range of distribution of two NIS macroalgae and consistent trends of increase in the abundance of the other two spe- cies.This research was developed under Project No. 029818, co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the EU through the ERDF, and by FCT through national funds.

Keywords: Southwest Bay of Biscay, Rocky shores, Temporal changes, Non-indigenous species.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

8.3 Microplastic contamination of the ecosystem and sea prod- ucts. Arplastic: a case study of the Arcachon Bay.

B. Morin 1, *, J. Cachot 1, C. Clérandeau 1, B. Cormier 1, G. Detandt 1, I. Jalón-Rojas 1, F. LeBihanic 1, 2, S. Lecomte 3, C. Lefebvre 1, A. Sottolichio 1, S. Villette 3.

1 EPOC, UMR 5805, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France 2 Actual adress: OFB, Parc naturel marin du Bassin d’Arcachon, Le Teich, France 3 CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600, Pessac, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Coastal environments have become a key focus of research studies on micro- plastic (MP) contamination. The aim of the present research project named ARPLASTIC is to evaluate MP contamination in the Arcachon Bay, a coastal lagoon hosting a rich and diverse ecosystem and also the location of many economic activities. First, the concentra- Citation: Morin, B., Cachot, J., Clé- tion and the spatiotemporal distribution of MP in water, sediment and biota were as- randeau, C., Cormier, B., Detandt, G., sessed during 2019-2020 surveys. Additionnaly, this project investigated the microplastic Jalón-Rojas, I., LeBihanic, F., contamination of the seafood representative of the Bay and estimated the human exposure Lecomte, S., Lefebvre, C., Sottolichio, via consumption of contaminated seafood. Toxicity studies using human cell lines were A. & Villette, S. 2021. Microplastic contamination of the ecosystem and also conducted to evaluate a potential risk of MP for human health via dietary exposure. sea products. Arplastic: a case study This presentation will mainly focus on the spatiotemporal variability of monthly beached of the Arcachon Bay. Arias, A., Ríos, microplastic in the Arcachon Bay. The visible fraction of MP (from 0.5 to 5 mm) washed P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. up during the high tide of three contrasted beaches was sampled monthly along a 100 m L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. transect following the high-water strandline. Each sampled particle was characterized by & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings morphometric data and polymer identification was made by ATR- FTIR. MPs were more of the XVII International Symposium on abundant on the beach located at the mouth of the bay (36.0 ± 39.2 MP.m-2) than at inner Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- bay and outside (respectively 2.7 ± 4.4 and 1.7 ± 2.4 MP.m-2). This may be related to the BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 120 pp. convergence of strong currents at the entry of the embayment and to the beach orienta- tion, exposed to predominant winds. Pellets and fragments represented respectively 49 %

and 34 % of all recorded shapes. Polymers with low density were particularly abundant.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Polyethylene represented 69 % of all the particles while polypropylene accounted for 17 % and polystyrene for 10 %. We also observed that MP were mostly washed up during autumn and winter times when wind, waves and river flow were more intense.

Keywords: Abiotic compartments, biota, seasonal and spatial trend, toxicity.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

8.4 Application of risk-based approach to non-indigenous species in the Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast, and in Macaronesia.

C. Hollatz 1, *, C. Bartilotti 1, 2, M. Tuaty-Guerra 1, 2, J. Lobo-Arteaga 1, 3, J-M. Brignon 4, V. Chapon 4, I. Car- doso 5, P. Chainho 5, F. Gizzi 6, J. Monteiro 6, J. Macedo 7, M.J. Gaudêncio 1, 3, J. Canning-Clode6, G. Carreira7.

1 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. (IPMA, I.P.), Algés, Portugal. 2 CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal. 3 MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Caparica, Portugal. 4 Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques. Parc Technologique, Verneuil-en-Ha- latte, France. 5 MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Lisbon, Portugal. 6 MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal. 7 Direção Regional dos Assuntos do Mar (DRAM), Horta, Azores, Portugal. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The RAGES project (Risk-based Approaches to Good Environmental Status) Citation: Hollatz, C., Bartilotti, C., aims to develop and promote an efficient, cost effective, replicable, and transparent risk- Tuaty-Guerra, M., Lobo-Arteaga, J., based approach (RBA) to common implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Brignon, J-M., Chapon, V., Cardoso, Directive (MSFD). This work provides a methodology to address Descriptor 2 of the I., Chainho, P., Gizzi, F., Monteiro, J., MSFD “Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities are at levels that do not Macedo, J., Gaudêncio, M. J., Can- adversely alter the ecosystems” in two MSFD sub-regions of the North-East Atlantic ning-Clode, J. & Carreira, G. 2021. Ocean region, the Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast, and Macaronesia. The developed Application of risk-based approach to non-indigenous species in the Bay RBA incorporated non-indigenous species (NIS) information from France, Spain and Por- of Biscay and the Iberian Coast, and tugal, focusing on major introduction pathways (maritime transport, yachting and aqua- in Macaronesia. Arias, A., Ríos, P., culture) to streamline and harmonise the sub-regional risk approach for NIS. The RBA Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., was applied to assess the risk levels associated with NIS and their introduction pathways. Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & As such, the main outputs of this work were: (1) the development of a Horizon-Scanning Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of (HS) approach to identify priority NIS for risk assessment, combining species biological the XVII International Symposium on traits and information on negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts and (2) Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- identification of areas at higher risk of NIS introduction, through the assessment of ship- BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 121 pp. ping density and the distribution of aquaculture facilities. The results of the HS approach produced a ranked list of NIS, which associated with their distribution, population status and probable pathways of introduction provide components to identify NIS to target for

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. early prevention efforts. Pressure maps were produced to enable the visualization of hotspots of introduction in both sub-regions. These maps can be promptly used to inform monitoring of the introduction pathways in those areas. The results of this risk assessment should aid the development and implementation of coordinated monitoring and measure programmes aiming at reducing the adverse effects of NIS in the marine environment.

Keywords: MSFD, RAGES project, monitoring, risk assessment.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

8.5 Multistressor driven shifts in demersal ecosystems.

J. Polo-Sainz 1, *, A. Punzón 1, R. Somavilla 1, P. Vasilakopoulos 3, M. Hidalgo 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015 Palma, Spain 3 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Sustainable Resources Directorate, Water and Marine Resources Unit, Via. * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the framework of global human-induced change, one of marine communi- ties’ many known responses to shifting external conditions is that of abruptly reorganiz- ing into new intricate equilibrium. The occurrence of shifts in complex systems has proven to be quite challenging to predict and, in many cases, implies irreversible adjustments due to hysteresis. We explored the temporal evolution of a selection of fish species from the Citation: Polo-Sainz, J., Punzón, A., Cantabrian bentho-demersal marine community in response to sea warming and fishing Somavilla, R., Vasilakopoulos, P. & pressure in 1983-2018, using survey data. Via multivariate analysis and non-additive Hidalgo, M. 2021. Environmental and modelling of a multivariate population index and the system’s main stressors, we found anthropogenic driven transitions in evidence for three decadal-scale regimes, suggesting that the observed community exhib- de-mersal ecosystems. Arias, A., its a nonlinear response to the combined effects of overfishing and climate change. The Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- studied community went through a period of high fishing pressure (1983-1988) in which beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. the increase in species biomass fostered by warming was buffered by the effect of fishing. Proceedings of the XVII International Once fishing pressure outstanding effect was withdrawn, a discontinuous response mech- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay anism to sea warming emerged, displayed as abrupt and irreversible shifts (in 1998 and of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of 2012). A resilience assessment provided information on the resilience dynamics associated Oviedo, 122 pp. to each of the system states.

Keywords: Global warming, fishing pressure, Integrated Resilience Assessment (IRA), Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. multivariate analysis, demersal communtiy, Cantabrian Sea.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

8.6 First record of Plicopurpura patula (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in European waters: new evidence to the ‘tropicalization’ of the Bay of Biscay or human assisted arrival?

O. Sánchez 1, *, R. López-Alonso 1, Y. J. Borrel 2, A. Arias 1.

1 Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (Zoology), University of Oviedo, Spain 2 Department of Functional Biology (Genetics), University of Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Recent changes in climate and oceanographic conditions have affected the dy- namics and composition of species communities worldwide. The increase of subtropical- tropical species within a specific biogeographic area is commonly defined as “tropicaliza- tion”. The Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay) is an interesting area to study this phenomenon, Citation: Sánchez, O., López, R., Bo- because it constitutes a transitional zone between two different ecoregions (one with pre- rrel, Y. J. & Arias, A. 2021. First record dominantly boreal biota and one with subtropical Atlantic one). During a series of surveys of Plicopurpura patula (Gastropoda: carried out between 2012-2018 along the coast of Asturias (northern Spain) five live spec- Muricidae) in European waters: new imens of the widemouth rocksnail Plicopurpura patula (L.) were found intertidally. These evidence to the ‘tropicalization’ of the findings constitute the first record of the species in the European Atlantic waters. Plico- Bay of Biscay or human assisted arri- purpura patula is a muricid gastropod native from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. val?. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., We present a detailed diagnosis and illustrations of the species, as well as its genetic char- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. acterization of the COI mitochondrial gene. We found two different COI haplotypes. This (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- taxon produces a large number of eggs, circa. 50,000 per reproductive period, and its lar- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- vae are planktonic. Therefore, it seems likely that its arrival to the stated new area, may phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). occur through larval transportation by water currents from the American Atlantic, and University of Oviedo, 123 pp. that its only recent settlement has been favoured by the increase in seawater temperature. However, its introduction linked to maritime shipping, thought larval transportation in

ballast waters, cannot be ruled out. So far, no ecological negative effects have been re- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ported. Nevertheless, P. patula is a carnivorous snail that commonly predates on bivalves and chitons, so a detailed monitoring of the evolution of P. patula in the Cantabrian coast should be undertaken, in order to establish the status of this species in this region and to evaluate the possible adverse effects that it may generate.

Keywords: Mollusca, Cantabrian Sea, Exotic species, biodiversity, DNA barcoding.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

8.7 Does nutrient enrichment interact with a physical disturb- ance in the sediment and plant responses in a Zostera noltei meadow?

I. G. Viana 1, *, R. Beiras 2, M. Nombela 2, A. Mena 2.

1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Galicia, Spain 2 Departmento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Seagrass meadows are highly productive ecosystems that provide several eco- system services, including carbon sequestration and storage. However, there has been an increase in the rate of seagrass area decline due to the increasing anthropogenic impacts worldwide in the last years. The objective of this study was to elucidate the single and Citation: Viana, I. G., Beiras, R., interactive effects of two local stressors, sediment nutrient enrichment and a physical dis- Nombela, M. & Mena, A. 2021. turbance, on seagrass meadows. To achieve this aim, an in situ manipulative experiment Does nutrient enrichment interact in a Zostera noltei meadow in A Ramallosa (Ría de Vigo, NW Iberian Peninsula) was per- with a physical disturbance in the formed. Experimental additions of nutrients were performed with slow-release fertilizer, sediment and plant responses in a while the physical disturbance was performed by trampling and cutting the seagrass Zostera noltei meadow?. Arias, A., above-ground biomass. The evolution of the meadows, in terms of sediments and Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- seagrass traits responses, was followed for six months (November 2019-May 2020). The beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. results show that population and morphological traits were enhanced under nutrient ad- Proceedings of the XVII International dition treatments, while trampling had a direct negative effect on the shoot density and Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay seagrass biomass. The interactive effects of both stressors on seagrass trait responses were of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of variable among the different functional traits considered. Contrary, nutrient treatments Oviedo, 124 pp. showed enhanced organic matter content in the sediments, and changes in the sedimen- tary-units analysed by CT-scan, suggesting potential long-term impacts on the seagrass

meadow. However, after six months, the seagrasses had already recovered from the phys- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. ical disturbance. In conclusion, the trait responses to these anthropogenic stressors might have differential impacts on the different ecosystem processes, such as particle trapping or maintenance of anoxic conditions, involved in the capacity of seagrass to sequester and storage organic carbon. Combined effects of anthropogenic impacts might influence the global blue carbon budget.

Keywords: Seagrass meadow, blue carbon, functional traits, interactive stressors, CT- scanning.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

8.8 Detection and prevention of biological invasions in marinas and ports: Epibionts and associated fauna of Mytilus gallopro- vincialis revisited.

I. Fernández-Rodríguez 1,2,*, I. Suárez-Turienzo 1, R. Gutiérrez-Martínez 1, O. Sánchez 1, R. López-Alonso 1, A. Arias 1.

1 Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (Zoology), University of Oviedo, Spain 2 Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO/CSIC/PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Ports and marinas are gateways for the introduction of exotic species through ‘shipping’ worldwide. These anthropogenic environments concentrate a variety of artifi- cial structures and substrates that may undergo the colonization of different types of or- Citation: Fernández-Rodríguez, I., ganisms, being prone to biological invasions. Global warming is another important factor Suárez-Turienzo, I., Gutiérrez-Martí- that is facilitating the reproduction and settlement of the new species arrived. One the nez, R., Sánchez, O., López-Alonso, most outstanding taxa in European marinas and ports are the mussels of the genus Myti- R. & Arias, A. 2021. Detection and lus. Mussels live in patches forming a three-dimensional and multi-layered net that fa- prevention of biological invasions in vours the settlement of sessile and mobile fauna, creating a perfect environment for the marinas and ports: Epibionts and as- establishment and development of different associated species. In this study we charac- sociated fauna of Mytilus galloprovin- cialis revisited. Arias, A., Ríos, P., terized the biodiversity associated with the mussel patches of M. galloprovincialis in the Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Marina of Gijón (northern Spain, Cantabrian Sea), grouping them according to their status Álvarez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & (i.e., native, introduced or exotic, invasive and cryptogenic). The samples were collected Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of from different areas of the marina: the outer dock (with national and international traffic), the XVII International Symposium on the middle dock and the inner one (both with local and national transit). We identified a Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- total of 100 species associated to Mytilus, from which 12 and three species were invasive BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 125 and exotic, respectively. The inner dock was the area with the highest number of non- pp. indigenous taxa. Most of the exotic and invasive species found belonged to the groups

Ascidiacea and Bryozoa, sharing the same type of filter feeding, great plasticity and eco- logical tolerance. Furthermore, the elemental composition microanalysis of the invasive Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. bryozoan Watersipora subatra, found in this study, showed high levels of aluminium (a common element in marinas, being present in the fuel and in ship paintings). This may imply a risk of aluminium bioaccumulation in the environment. Furthermore, we can con- clude that mussel patches may facilitate the settlement and development of non-indige- nous species in marinas, highlighting the importance of monitoring these mussel aggre- gations as a management tool for the early control and prevention of marine bioinvasions.

Keywords: Non-indigenous species, ports, mussels.

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9. Science-Policy Communication, Governance, Adaptive Management and Education.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

9.1 Nature-Based solutions in the Basque coast: Capitalization on Restoration, Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable fishing approaches.

J. A. Fernandes-Salvador 1, *, G. Chust 1, A. Murillas 1, I. Galparsoro 1, N. Rodríguez-Ezpeleta 1, E. Andonegi 1, J. M. Garmendia 1, Á. Borja 1, S. Pouso 1, E. Díaz 1, I. García-Barón 1.

1 AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta (Bizkaia) Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Climate change is an increasing threat to marine ecosystems that exacerbates biodiversity loss and consequent reduction of natural capital. In the Bay of Biscay, there are records on how climate change has caused alterations in oceanographic conditions Citation: Fernandes-Salvador, J. A., over the last three decades, which have led to spatial shifts and spawning timing changes Chust, G., Murillas, A., Galparsoro, on several species. The Basque coast marine and estuarine environments, located in the I., Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, N., Ando- southeastern Bay of Biscay, have a high demographic pressure that led to extensive loss, negi, E., Garmendia, J. M., Borja, Á., squeeze and degradation of the estuarine and marine habitats during the 20th century. Pouso, S., Díaz, E. & García-Barón, I. Moreover, the Basque coast has important socio-economic activities, such as fishing, aq- 2021. Nature-Based solutions in the Basque coast: Capitalization on Res- uaculture, processing, wholesale retail sale of fish, ship and boat building, transport, and toration, Marine Protected Areas and coastal tourism and construction of water projects which represent almost the 6% and 5% Sustainable fishing approaches. of total Spanish total turnover and employment, respectively. The sustainability of these Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- activities depends on the preservation of the natural capital to remain productive and chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., attractive to the society. Ecosystem-based management, adaptive marine spatial planning Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. and habitat restoration are approaches that can help support and enhance the natural ca- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- pacity of marine and transitional ecosystems to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- European H2020 Future MARES project considers these approaches to be under the “na- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of Oviedo, 127 pp. ture-based solutions” framework, i.e., resource efficient actions inspired from or sup- ported by nature to jointly provide environmental, social and economic benefits to help building resilience to change. The project spans 40 storylines within the North East Atlan-

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. tic. Here we focus on the Basque coast storylines presenting the current status and the potential of these approaches in the Basque coast to achieve such sustainability, mitigate and adapt to climate change threats.

Keywords: Policy, resilience, ecosystem services, biodiversity, climate change.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

9.2 Testing fishery essentiality as a tool to manage some artisanal fisheries under data poor conditions.

C. Dorta 1, P. Martín-Sosa 2, *.

1 The Canary Islands Government, Fishery Office, S/C Tenerife, Spain 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, S/C Tenerife, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Small-scale fisheries (SSFs), usually overlooked and marginalized in policy processes, play an important role in contributing to food security, nutrition, livelihoods, and local and national economies. Conventional fisheries assessment is not valid for SSFs. Collaboration efforts between the Fishery Office from the Canary Islands Government and the Spanish Institute of Oceanography around this management have been estab- lished. We come up with a new concept of essentiality, which measures the relative im- Citation: Dorta, C. & Martín-Sosa, P. portance of a certain species from an economic perspective. The time dedicated to the 2021. Testing fishery essentiality as a capture of a species, the number of units that fish it and the economic yield obtained from tool to manage some artisanal fisher- the sale of the catch: Frequency, Recruitment and Profit, define essentiality. We propose ies under data poor conditions. Arias, an overall index of essential capacity of the whole fishery. ‘Essential potentiality’ is de- A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., fined as a measure of dispersion of the essentiality. In this presentation we show several Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- specific cases of different fishing spots at the Canary Islands as study case. These data beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International have been useful to the Fishery Office for introducing management measures that allow Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay the behavior of the fishery to change towards a situation of greater essentiality, and there- of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of fore, of greater economic viability, bringing about a reduction of the pressure focused on Oviedo, 128 pp. a few specific fishing resources. The essentiality of the fishery is a plausible alternative method of assessment and management of the fishery to the traditional evaluation meth- ods used for industrial fisheries. This method is born with the spirit of being applicable to other artisanal fisheries in Spain like the one fishing at the Bay of Biscay. Currently, this Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. transference of knowledge is taking place with colleagues from Santander under the Ma- rine Strategy Framework.

Keywords: Fisheries management, fisheries policies, multispecies fishery, small scale fish- eries.

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Type of the Communication (Poster)

9.3 Knowing the bristle worms (Annelida, polychaetes) from the Cantabrian Sea: an experience with Primary School students.

M. González 1, *, S. Dagnall 1, A. Arias 2.

1 English School of Asturias, 2 Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (Zoology), University of Oviedo, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Schools are constantly rethinking their educational models as a result of a need to create new experiences for primary school students, both inside and outside the class- room. With didactic proposals such as this one, we create the opportunity to work in an interdisciplinary way covering both the age required compulsory content, whilst also fo- cusing on other current issues such as invasive species or the protection of the native spe- cies of different habitats. The 10-year-old children who have been the protagonists of this Citation: González, M., Dagnall, S. & study have learned about the ecological and economic importance of bristle worms (an- Arias, A. 2021. Knowing the bristle nelid polychaetes) on the Cantabrian coast through self-discovery, research, collaboration worms (Annelida, polychaetes) from and kinaesthetic learning opportunities. In addition to studying annelids, they have put the Cantabrian Sea: an experience into practice their knowledge to explore where and how they live on a beach in Asturias with Primary School students. Arias, (northern Spain). In this activity, we show children as future responsible citizens of the A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., environment who propose actions to improve and conserve polychaetes against invasive Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. species that reach the coasts of the northern Iberian Peninsula. This work promotes the Proceedings of the XVII International incorporation of science in schools from an early age, providing a basis for new educa- Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay tional experiences that meet their needs and interests; develop their divergent thinking in of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of the face of new experiences; critical thinking, when receiving information from which to Oviedo, 129 pp. form their opinion; social skills such as empathy; communication; and digital competence to enhance their learning through research.

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Educational experiences, marine worms, invasive species, environmental ed- ucation, Bay of Biscay.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

9.4 Surveys as a tool for evaluating public knowledge and atti- tudes on cetacean conservation.

A. García-Gallego 1, 2 *, Y. J. Borrell 1, L. Miralles 1, 2.

1 Department of Functional Biology; Genetics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 2 Ecohydros S.L., Polígono Industrial de Cros, Edif. 5 Nave 8, Maliaño, 39600 Cantabria, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Questionnaires are the most widely used data collection method to evaluate citizens’ attitudes and behaviour towards different topics, such as conservation-related issues. An assessment of public knowledge and opinions towards the environment is nec- essary in order to design effective conservation strategies. In this study, we explored the use of surveys to investigate public perception of cetaceans and whaling in the North of Spain. More than 1300 anonymous surveys were conducted to both adult and young citi- Citation: García-Gallego, A., Borrell, zens from the Cantabrian coast (Southern Bay of Biscay), as well as from inland regions Y. J. & Miralles, L. 2021. Surveys as a of Spain. Results showed that culture plays an important role in citizens’ perception of tool for evaluating public knowledge whaling. Participants from areas with whaling tradition showed higher levels of and attitudes on cetacean conserva- knowledge about this activity and, in the case of adults, less opposition towards the use tion. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., of cetaceans as resources. In addition, a correlation between positive attitudes and en- Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., gagement was found for all participants. With respect to young citizens, a positive corre- Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- lation was also found between knowledge about cetaceans and support for their conser- ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- vation. Based on these findings, conservation strategies should focus on increasing aware- phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). ness of cetacean conservation issues, specifically in the case of older citizens. Furthermore, University of Oviedo, 130 pp. our results demonstrate that young citizens are a potential and crucial agent for marine conservation, and that education programmes can enhance their engagement in the pro- tection of our oceans. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Keywords: Public perception, Public engagement, Awareness, Marine conservation.

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Type of the Communication (Speed-Talk)

9.5 Poaching in the European Stalked Barnacle fishery: Insights from a BiodivERsA international stakeholder workshop (Cudillero 2020).

K. J. Geiger 1, *, A. Rivera 2, A. Aguión 3, J. Arrontes 1, J. Álvarez 1, Y. J. Borrell 4, T. Cruz 5, D. Davoult 6, S. Román 7, J. Dubert 8, M. E. Feis 6, J. N. Fernandes 5, C. Fernández 1, L. García-Flórez 9 , D. Jacinto 5, D. Jollivet 6, G. Macho 7, E. Mateo 1, D. Mateus 5, P. Morán 10, C. Muñiz 7, A. Nicolle 6, 11, M. Parrondo 4, H. Queiroga 12, J. M. Rico 1, T. Silva 5, A. Sousa 5, E. Thiébaut 6, E. Vázquez 7, J. L. Acuña 1.

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 2 The Coral Reef Alliance, 1330 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, CA 94612, United States of America. 3 Future Oceans Lab, CIM-Universidade de Vigo, Spain 4 Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 5 MARE — Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal 6 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688, Roscoff Cedex, France 7 Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Facultad Ciencias del Mar. Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Citation: Geiger, K. J., Rivera, A., Vigo, Spain Aguión, A., Arrontes, J., Ávarez, J., 8 Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Borrell, Y. J., Cruz, T., Davoult, D., Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal Román, S., Dubert, J., Feis, M. E., Fer- 9 CEP - Centro de Experimentación Pesquera, Avenida Príncipe de Asturias, 33212 Gijón, Spain nandes, J. N., Fernández, C., García- 10 Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad Ciencias del Mar. Universidad de Flórez, L., Jacinto, D., Jollivet, D., Ma- Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain cho, G., Mateo, E., Mateus, D., Morán, 11 ENSTA-Bretagne, 2 rue François Verny, 29806, Brest, Bretagne, France P., Muñiz, C., Nicolle, A., Parrondo, 12 Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de M., Queiroga, H., Rico, J., Silva, T., Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal Sousa, A., Thiébaut, E., Vázquez, E. & * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected] Acuña, J. L. 2021. Poaching in the Eu- ropean Stalked Barnacle fishery: In- Abstract: In January 2020, a stakeholder workshop was organized as a knowledge shar- sights from a BiodivERsA interna- ing strategy among stalked barnacle fisheries across Europe. Management of this fishery tional stakeholder workshop (Cudil- differs greatly among regions and ranges from less organized and governed at large scales lero 2020). Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, (100s kilometers, coast of Alentejo in Portugal and Brittany in France) to highly participa- H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, tory systems which are co-managed at small spatial scales (10’s kilometers and less, Gali- A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, cia and Asturias). Discussions revealed that poaching is an ever-present and hard-to-erad- J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Oceanogra- icate problem that adapts to all types of management. To effectively diminish poaching phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). the following key aspects were identified: exclusive access for professionals to the re- University of Oviedo, 131 pp. source; increased social capital among harvesters through tenure systems (e.g. TURFs) that empower harvesters as stewards of their resource; and intensification of surveillance with an active participation of harvesters. Furthermore, increased cooperation between Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. fishers associations and regional fisheries authorities, improved legal frameworks, adop- tion of new technologies and the implementation of market-based solutions can also help in the fight against poaching.

Keywords: Co-management, Territorial Use Rights for Fishing, TURFs.

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10. Coastal Development and Engineering.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

10.1 Development of new image analysis methods for quantify- ing the reef surface built by an engineer polychaete species, Sa- bellaria alveolata.

A. Romero-Ramirez 1, *, L. Lalagüe 1, X. de Montaudouin 1.

1 Station Marine d’Arcachon, Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120, Arcachon, France * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Twelve rocky groynes were settled in Pyla-sur-Mer (Arcachon Bay, France) to stabilize sand beaches and struggle against erosion. These groynes were rapidly colonized by reefs formed by honeycomb worms (Sabellaria alveolata) which were subsequently mon- itored as important biogenic structures within the European Habitats Directive. This mon-

Citation: Romero-Ramirez, A., La- itoring is performed three times a year by means of images acquired in the field. The im- lagüe, L. & de Montaudouin, X. 2021. ages are used to determine the cover rate of S. alveolata on these rocky substrates. This Development of new image analysis cover was manually assessed for many years, a technique which is accurate but also con- methods for quantifying the reef sur- siderably time-consuming. Here, a new automated image analysis method is presented. face built by an engineer polychaete This method provides a gain of time, precision, and objectivity. The development was species, Sabellaria alveolata. Arias, A., performed with the ImageJ software from images of the groynes taken on two different Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., dates. The accuracy of the developed method was estimated by comparing the results Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., Manjón-Ca- with those obtained by the manual method. The influence of artificial beach replenish- beza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII International ment on the cover rate of S. alveolata, Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay but also the influence of the seasons, of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). University of was determined from the historical Oviedo, 133 pp. photos database (2012-2020). The automation of the image analysis led to the development of a new protocol for image acquisition. The Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. new protocol allows for a complete view of the groyne and has the ad- vantage of being even faster with a high accuracy.

Figure 1. The yellow contour represents the total surface of hermelles selected by the au- tomatic method.

Keywords: Reef-forming polychaete, Arcachon Bay, rocky substrates.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

10.2 A socio-economic assessment of the sea-level rise on the Basque Coast municipalities (NW coast of Spain) due to the cli- mate change.

A. del Campo 1, *, M. González 1, A. Uriarte 1, C. Castillo 2, I. de Santiago 1.

1 AZTI, Zona Portuaria de Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain 2 Ihobe, Sociedad Pública de Gestión Ambiental, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this work, some socioeconomic consequences on the Basque coast due to the mean sea level rise were evaluated. The study is part of the Spanish "PIMA AdaptaCostas CCAA 2017" where a monitoring committee of local public agents was organized to ex- amine it. The IPCC recommendations for risk assessment (combination of threat, vulner- Citation: del Campo, A., González, ability, and exposure) and the IH Cantabria pilot study methodology in Asturias were M., Uriarte, A., Castillo, C. & de San- followed. Two sea level rise scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) combined with 100 and 500 years tiago, I. 2021. A socio-economic as- return period flooding events (due to a combination of tide and waves) were considered. sessment of the sea-level rise on the Hence, a total of 10 scenarios have been analysed: two current scenarios, two more for the Basque Coast municipalities (NW year 2050 (with a mean sea level rise of 26 cm) and six others for the year 2100 (considering coast of Spain) due to the climate rises of 51 cm, 70 cm, and 100 cm). The socioeconomic variables used were population, change. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., number of employees, residential and industrial capital stock, and industrial and services Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. Gross Value Added. Of the 107 coastal municipalities, approximately half would be af- (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- fected. Currently, about 8,000 people live in areas at flooding risk. With the mean sea level ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- rise, this value would reach up to 16,000 people in 2050 and, between 21,000 and 42,000 phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). in 2100. The residential capital stock would be more affected than the industrial one, and University of Oviedo, 134 pp. the effect on the services sector is notable. The methodology highlights those municipali- ties with the highest socioeconomic risk through a combined index of the factors analysed. Of the two most populated areas, the metropolitan area of Bilbao (Nervión-Ibaizabal es-

tuary) has a higher level of risk than the Donostia-San Sebastián city (Urumea estuary). Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Furthermore, the results of this analysis show that the areas with the highest risk are those where defense structures had not been needed until our days (Gipuzkoan estuaries of Oria, Urola and Bidasoa).

Keywords: Risk assessment, climate change scenarios, risk.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

10.3 Developing a Bayesian network for storm impact assess- ment on the Grande Plage de Biarritz based on observational data and statistical model.

A. Callens 1, *, D. Morichon 2, B. Liquet 1, 3.

1 Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, LMAP, Pau 2 Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, SIAME, Anglet, France 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Coastal flooding is a common phenomenom along the Basque coast, mostly impinging the low lying area such as embayed beaches. In recent years, storm waves in- duced coastal flooding that caused severe damages to seafront buildings and infrastruc- tures along several Basque beaches. Over the last decades, many instruments (tidal gages, Citation: Callens, A., Morichon, D. & Liquet, B. 2021. Developing a Bayes- directional wave buoys, weather stations) that sample and study coastal waters have been ian network for storm impact assess- installed in the Basque country to better understand physical processes that control ment on the Grande Plage de Biarritz coastal dynamics. In addition, video stations have been installed at several coastal sites to based on observational data and sta- monitor in real-time storm impact regimes on beaches. Recent developments in statistical tistical model. Arias, A., Ríos, P., Pax- tools provide new opportunity to use those data to develop probabilistic models in order ton, H., Sánchez, O., Acuña, J. L., Ál- to assess coastal flooding conditions providing crucial informations for coastal authorities varez, A., Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & in charge of risk mitigation strategy. In this work, we use data collected by a series of Cristobo, J. (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of monitoring systems, covering meteorological and impact regime data, to develop a Bayes- the XVII International Symposium on Oceanography of the Bay of Biscay (ISO- ian network, belonging to the class of probabilistic graphical model. This model aims to BAY 17). University of Oviedo, 135 be used as an early warning system for coastal flooding. Bayesian networks are often used pp. to depict complex systems due to their ability to represent dependencies between varia- bles. This methodology based on observational data and statistical model is developed and validated for the Grande Plage de Biarritz (GBP). The results of this study highlight Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. the high potential of Baysian networks that can significantly accelerate early warning compared to process based numerical model that usually involves high computational cost limiting their operational application.

Keywords: Coastal flooding, Coastal monitoring, Early warning system.

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Type of the Communication (Oral)

10.4 Modelling the morphological response of the Oka estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) to climate change.

R. Garnier 1, *, I. Townend 2, M. Monge-Ganuzas 3, I. de Santiago 1, P. Liria 1, I. Epelde 1, M. González 1, A. Uriarte 1, 3, M. L. Gómez 4, C. Castillo 4.

1 AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain 2 School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK 3 Natural Heritage and Climate Change Directorate, Basque Government, Spain 4 IHOBE, Basque Government, Spain * Correspondence. e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The Oka estuary (Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, SE Bay of Biscay) is a semi-di- urnal and mesotidal drowned fluvial valley composed of shallow intertidal sandy and muddy flats and marshes. Waves are a dominant influence on the enclosing spit and on

Citation: Garnier, R., Townend, I., the ebb tidal delta known as the Mundaka sand bar, a worldwide recognized surfing spot. Monge-Ganuzas, M., de Santiago, I., Furthermore, sedimentary studies have shown that the inlet has progressively infilled and Liria, P., Epelde, I., González, M., migrated landwards over the Holocene. At the same time, the inner marshes have built Uriarte, A., Gómez, M. L. & Castillo, up due to the fluvial muddy sediment supply. The purpose of this contribution is to study C. 2021. Modelling the morphologi- the morphological response of the Oka estuary to the effects of climate change by using cal response of the Oka estuary (SE the combination of (1) the DELFT3D process-based model coupling wave driver, shallow Bay of Biscay) to climate change. water equations and sediment transport, and (2) the ASMITA macro-scale model for the Arias, A., Ríos, P., Paxton, H., Sán- chez, O., Acuña, J. L., Álvarez, A., aggregated scale morphological interaction between tidal basin and adjacent coast. The Manjón-Cabeza, M. E. & Cristobo, J. process-based modelling is used to perform a flooding assessment and to quantify the (Eds). 2021. Proceedings of the XVII In- existing hydro-sedimentary processes that inform the parameterization of the macro-scale ternational Symposium on Oceanogra- model. Then, the macro-scale model is used to hindcast over a historical time scale (<100 phy of the Bay of Biscay (ISOBAY 17). years, from historical bathymetric data and available cores) and over a geological time University of Oviedo, 136 pp. scale (8,500 years, from borehole data), and to obtain projections for different climate change scenarios (horizon 2050-2100). The modelling system presented here allows us to

characterize the effect of past anthropogenic activities in the Oka estuary and to predict Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. the response to new or future man-made actions on the flooding and on the morphology of the estuary. This pilot study seeks to contribute to develop adaptation policies for the Basque estuaries that will need to enhance their resilience to future climate change. This contribution is part of the Okaklima project sponsored by IHOBE (Basque Government) through the Klimatek 20-21 initiative.

Keywords: Process-based model, aggregated scale model, coastal and estuarine morpho- dynamics.

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AUTHOR INDEX

Abad, E...... 91. Bartolomé, M...... 118. Carreira-Flores, D...... 44, 119. Abad-Uribarren, A...... 38, 48, 55. Beiras, R...... 124. Carrera, P...... 80. Acuña, J. L...... 58, 92, 115, 131. Belzunce-Segarra, M. J...... 109. Castège, I...... 45. Aduriz, R...... 113. Berrow, S...... 60. Castillo, C...... 134, 136. Aguión, A...... 115, 131. Bersuder, P...... 109. Castro, B...... 90. Alglave, B...... 83. Bidegain, G...... 89. Castro, J...... 82. Alonso-Fernández, A...... 82, 101. Biseau, A...... 81. Castro, R...... 64. Altuna, A...... 32, 46, 62, 63. Blanco, M. A...... 39, 84. Ceballos, E...... 84, 88, 100. Álvarez, F...... 62. Bode, A...... 96. Cerviño, S...... 82, 86, 87, 101. Álvarez, P...... 30. Boisseau, O...... 60. Chainho, P...... 121. Álvarez-Sala Villazón, L...... 102. Bolam, T...... 109. Chapon, V...... 121. Amice, M...... 69. Borja, Á...... 30, 106, 107, 108, 125. Charbonnier, C...... 71. Amouroux, I...... 109. Borrell, Y. J. ... 114, 115, 118, 125, 130, Charria, G...... 69. Anadón, N...... 54. 131. Chifflet, M...... 30. Andonegi, E...... 80, 127. Boyra, G...... 37. Chiss, J...... 115. Andrade, J...... 60. Boza, C...... 46, 52, 56, 61, 62, 63. Chust, G...... 30, 60, 70, 80, 125. André, X...... 69. Brereton, T...... 60. Clérandeau, C...... 120. Anschutz, P...... 71. Brignon, J-M...... 121. Cobo-García, A...... 48, 55. Antolínez, A...... 90. Bru, N...... 81. Cormier, B...... 120. Arias, A. 33, 49, 54, 59, 123, 125, 129. Bruno, I...... 91. Corrales, X...... 80. Arizaga, J...... 45. Bujan, S...... 28. Cotano, U...... 30. Arrese, B...... 31, 38, 46, 48, 51, 55, 66. Caballero, A...... 30. Couceiro, L...... 93. Arrizabalaga, H...... 89. Cachot, J...... 120. Cousido-Rocha, M. .... 82, 86, 87, 101. Arrontes, J...... 72, 115, 131. Caetano, M...... 109. Cristobo, J. ... 27, 38, 46, 48, 51, 52, 55, Arroyo, N. L...... 113. Caillaud, M...... 74. 56, 61, 62, 63. Astarloa, A...... 60. Caill-Milly, N...... 81, 95. Cruz, T...... 92, 115, 131. Álvarez, J...... 131. Callens, A...... 135. Cuesta, L...... 97. Babey, L...... 60. Calvo-Díaz, A. . 27, 46, 52, 56, 61, 62, Cuesta, M...... 97. Bald, J...... 97, 106. 63. Dagnall, S...... 129. Ballenghien, M...... 115. Canning-Clode, J...... 121. Davoult, D...... 131. Barceló, D...... 109. Cardoso, I...... 121. de Casamajor, M. N...... 28, 40. Barreiro, S...... 39. Carleos, C. E...... 118. De Cubber, L...... 77. Bartilotti, C...... 121. Carrasco, J. F...... 114. de la Hoz, C. F...... 57. Bartolomé, A...... 39. Carreira, G...... 121. de la Uz, S...... 98, 99, 114.

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de Montaudouin, X...... 29, 81, 133. Fernández, N...... 93. González, J-L...... 109. de Santiago, I...... 30, 70, 134, 136. Fernández-Arcaya, U. C. .. 84, 88, 100. González, M...... 118. Deflandre, B...... 68, 71. Fernández-Guerra, D...... 34. González, M...... 129. del Campo, A...... 134. Fernández-Rodríguez, I. ... 33, 34, 54, González, M...... 30, 97, 134, 136. Detandt, G...... 120. 125. González-Gil, R...... 72. Dettman, L. D...... 89. Ferrer, L...... 97. González-Herraiz, I...... 101. Devaux, L...... 28. Figueiredo, I...... 82. González-Irusta, J. M...... 41, 84, 100. Diallo, I. I...... 105. Fontán, A...... 30, 97, 106. González-Pola, C...... 36, 73. Díaz, E...... 127. Fontenla, J...... 90, 91. González-Porto, M...... 39, 78. Diaz, M...... 74. Fontoura, P...... 44. González-Taboada, F...... 72. Dibarboure, G...... 76. Franco, J...... 30, 106, 109. Gorostiaga, J-M...... 40. Diez, G...... 77. Frutos, I...... 50. Gouilleux, B...... 28. Díez, I. P...... 31, 46, 48, 51, 55, 66. Galobart, C...... 53. Grall, J...... 53. Domínguez-Petit, R...... 103. Galparsoro, I...... 31, 46, 51, 125. Granja, J. L...... 66. Dopico, E...... 118. Gancedo, R...... 90. Graña, R...... 73. Doray, M...... 80. García, E...... 41. Grasso, F...... 74. Dorémus, G...... 60. García-Barón, I...... 125. Grémare, A...... 68. Dorta, C...... 128. García-Flórez, L...... 114, 115, 131. Guerra-García, J. M...... 23. dos Santos, M. M. P. C...... 109. García-Gallego, A...... 130. Guerrero-Meseguer, L...... 119. Dubert, J...... 131. García-García, L...... 96. Guesdon, S...... 109. Dubosq, N...... 68. García-Guillén, L. M...... 42, 43. Guijarro, E...... 41. Ehrhold, A...... 53. García-Ordiales, E...... 58, 111. Guillén, L...... 62. Eme, D...... 77. García-Vázquez, E...... 115, 118. Gutiérrez-Martínez, R...... 125. Epelde, I...... 30, 70, 136. Garmendia, J. M...... 31, 46, 51, 125. Harscoat, V...... 76. Erauskin, E...... 97. Garnier, R...... 30, 70, 136. Hernández, C...... 90, 103. Escobar, D...... 93. Gascuel, D...... 80. Hernández, C. L...... 39. Esteban, A...... 41. Gaudêncio, M. J...... 121. Hernvann, P-Y...... 80. Esteban, X...... 30. Geiger, K. J...... 115, 131. Hidalgo, M...... 41, 122. Etienne, M-P...... 83. Gil-Herrera, J...... 77, 101. Higgins, J...... 85. Evans, P. G. H...... 60. Gillet, H...... 68. Hodgins, N. K...... 60. Falcón, J. M...... 39, 78. Gizzi, F...... 121. Hollatz, C...... 121. Feijó, D...... 94. Gofas, S...... 63 Huguenin, L...... 40. Feis, M. E...... 131. Gómez, A...... 91. Huynh, F...... 76. Felgueres Rivero, I...... 102. Gómez, M. L...... 136. Ibabe, A...... 118. Fernandes, J. N...... 115, 131. Gómez-Ballesteros, M. .. 31, 38, 46, 48, Ibaibarriaga, L...... 30. Fernandes-Salvador, J. A...... 30, 127. 51, 55, 66. Ibáñez, L...... 73. Fernández, C...... 131. González, J. F...... 39.

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Ibarrola, T. P. 27, 38, 46, 51, 52, 53, 62, López, S...... 114. Millán-Gabet, V...... 109. 63. López-Acosta, M...... 53. Milon, E...... 45. Irigoien, X...... 30. López-Alonso, R...... 33, 123, 125. Miralles, L...... 118, 129. Iriondo, A...... 91. López-García, E...... 108. Modica, L...... 35. Izquierdo, F...... 82. López-López, L...... 41, 47. Monge-Ganuzas, M...... 136. Izquierdo, P...... 72. López-Rodríguez, C...... 51. Monperrus, M...... 40, 45. Jacinto, D...... 131. Lorance, P...... 77. Monteiro, J...... 121. Jalón-Rojas, I...... 120. Loredo, J...... 111. Montero, N...... 109. Jiménez, S...... 39. Loureiro, I...... 90, 91. Montes, H. J...... 118. Jollivet, D...... 115, 131. Lourido, A...... 62. Morán, P...... 92, 115, 131. Juanes, J. A...... 57. Louzao, M...... 37, 60, 80. Moreira, J...... 119. Kermorvant, C...... 95. Lucero, M...... 97. Moreno, X. E...... 113. Korta, M...... 91. Luque, P. L...... 89. Morichon, D...... 135. Lago, M. J...... 39. Macedo, J...... 121. Morin, B...... 120. Lalagüe, L...... 133. Macho, G...... 92, 115, 131. Mugerza, E...... 80. Lalanne, Y...... 40, 45. Macías-Ramírez, A...... 42, 43, 62. Muíño, R...... 93. Lamarque, B...... 68. Maia, C...... 82. Muñiz, C...... 131. Landa, J...... 90, 91, 103. Maire, O...... 29. Murillas, A...... 125. Larreta, J...... 106, 107, 108, 118. Maldonado, M...... 53. Murua, H...... 89. Lazure, P...... 69. Manjón-Cabeza, M. E...... 42, 43, 62. Muxika, I...... 30, 31. Le Cann, B...... 69. Manjón-Cloute, E...... 46. Navarro, M. R...... 103. Le Hir, P...... 74. Marié, L...... 69. Navarro-Barranco, C...... 23. LeBihanic, F...... 120. Marras, B...... 109. Nicolle, A...... 131. Lebleu, P...... 68. Marta-Almeida, M...... 96. Nolan, M...... 109. Lecomte, S...... 120. Martínez-Carreño, N...... 51. Nombela, M...... 124. Lefebvre, C...... 120. Martinez-Cedeira, J...... 60. Novoa-Pabon, A. M...... 77. Lekanda, A...... 37. Martín-García, L...... 39, 69. Nys, C...... 76. Lewis, M...... 60. Martín-Sosa, P...... 39, 78, 84, 128. Orue-Echevarria, D...... 30. Leynaert, A...... 53. Mateo, E...... 131. Paradinas, I...... 95. Liquet, B...... 95, 135. Mateus, D...... 131. Parapar, J...... 93. Liria, P...... 30, 70, 136. Maudire, G...... 76. Parra, S...... 35. Lissardy, M...... 28. McHugh, B...... 109. Parrondo, M...... 114, 115, 131. Lobo-Arteaga, J...... 121. Mena, A...... 124. Pascual-Parra, E...... 49. Lojo, D...... 86. Menchaca, I...... 107, 108, 109. Paxton, H...... 59. López de Alda, M...... 108. Menéndez Cárcaba, M...... 102. Paz, A...... 87. Lopez de Gamiz, A...... 80. Menéndez-Teleña, D...... 118. Pennino, M. G...... 82, 86, 87, 101. López, J...... 98, 99. Menet, F...... 109. Peón-Torre, P...... 85.

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Perceval, O...... 109. Rodríguez, A...... 38, 41, 51. Sanz-Prada, L...... 111. Perello, M. C...... 68. Rodríguez, C...... 98, 99, 114. Sarran, C...... 45. Pinsky, M...... 60. Rodríguez, C...... 113. Sartoretto, S...... 28. Poirier, D...... 68. Rodríguez, J...... 82. Saucede, T...... 42. Polo-Sainz, J...... 41, 47, 84, 122. Rodríguez, J. G. ... 31, 51, 97, 106, 107, Sayago, M...... 51. Portillo-González, M...... 34. 108, 109. Schintu, M...... 109. Postigo, C...... 108. Rodríguez, T...... 96. Schmidt, S...... 68, 76, 105. Pouso, S...... 127. Rodríguez-Basalo, A. .. 35, 36, 46, 48, Serrano, A...... 35, 39, 41, 84. Prado, E. 36, 38, 46, 48, 51, 55, 62, 78, 55, 62, 84, 88, 100. Sierra-Menéndez, S...... 48, 55. 84. Rodríguez-Cabello, C. 35, 36, 46, 51, Silva, A...... 94. Preciado, I...... 80. 62, 101. Silva, C...... 82. Puente, A...... 57. Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, N...... 127. Silva, T...... 131. Punzón, A. 39, 41, 47, 78, 84, 88, 100, Rodríguez-Fernández, L...... 90, 91. Sitjà, C...... 53. 122. Román, S...... 131. Solaun, O...... 97, 106, 107, 108. Queiroga, H...... 131. Romero-Ramirez, A...... 133. Somavilla, R...... 73, 122. Quincoces, I...... 31. Romero-Romero, S...... 58. Sorbe, J. C...... 50. Quintano, E...... 40. Roqueñí, N...... 58, 111. Soto-López, V...... 118. Ramírez, E...... 80. Ros, M...... 23. Sottolichio, A...... 74, 120. Ramos, E...... 57. Rubal, M...... 44, 128. Sous, D...... 95. Ramos, F...... 101. Rubiello, A...... 29. Sousa, A...... 92, 131. Ravel, C...... 28. Rueda, J. L...... 84. Sousa, N. S...... 84. Redondo Soto, B...... 102. Ruiz, M...... 84, 88. Suárez-Turienzo, I...... 125. Regan, F...... 109. Ruiz-Villarreal, M...... 96. Sudre, J...... 76. Reparaz, M...... 90, 91. Saavedra, C...... 60. Taboada, S...... 62. Revilla, M...... 97, 106. Sagarminaga, Y...... 30, 97. Teruel-Gómez, J...... 82. Richard, A...... 29. Sainz-Bariain, M...... 47. Thiébaut, E...... 131. Rico, J. M...... 72, 85, 111, 131. Sainz-Villegas, S...... 57. Thorson, J...... 60. Ridoux, V...... 60. Sakai, S...... 89. Tierno de Figueroa, J. M...... 23. Riesgo, A...... 25. Sampedro, P...... 101. Torriente, A...... 84. Rincón, M. M...... 101. Sánchez, F. .... 31, 35, 36, 38, 46, 48, 51, Townend, I...... 136. Ríos, P. ... 32, 35, 38, 42, 43, 46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56, 62, 63, 84. Trenkel, V...... 77. 52, 55, 56, 61, 62, 63. Sanchez, F...... 81. Tuaty-Guerra, M...... 121. Rivera, A...... 131. Sánchez, O...... 33, 123, 125. Uriarte, A...... 30, 134, 136. Rivot, E...... 83. Sánchez-Guillamón, O...... 51. Uskola, J...... 97. Robinson, C...... 109. Sanpera, C...... 45. Vasilakopoulos, P...... 122. Robles, J...... 113. Santos, M...... 30. Vázquez, E...... 92, 131. Rocha, A...... 82. Sanz, M. R...... 109. Veiga, P...... 44, 119.

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Velasco, F...... 80. Verisimo, P...... 84, 88, 100. Vermard, Y...... 83. Viana, I. G...... 124. Vila, Y...... 101. Villarino, E...... 30. Villette, S...... 120. Viloria, A...... 73. Vivas, M...... 41. Waggitt, J. J...... 60. Wall, D...... 60. Walsh, J. P...... 69. Wethey, D. S...... 21. White, B...... 109. Woillez, M...... 83. Woodin, S. A...... 21. Zhang, H...... 109. Zonja, B...... 109. Zorita, I...... 97. Zorrozua, N...... 45.

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