DOCSLIB.ORG

Backbench Debate Within the Conservative Party and Its Influence Upon British Foreign Policy 1948-1956

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Backbench Debate Within the Conservative Party and Its Influence Upon British Foreign Policy 1948-1956 BACKBENCH DEBATE WITHIN THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY 1948-1956 SANDRA D ONSLOW PHD THESIS LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS 1994 UMI Number: U074333 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U074333 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This study examines Conservative backbench debate on European integration and British relations in the Middle East. It concentrates upon the Europeanists and the Suez Group and considers their attempts to influence British foreign policy from the formation of the Council of Europe in 1948 until the resignation of Sir Anthony Eden as Prime Minister in January 1957. Interviews with former parliamentarians and contemporary sources, published and unpublished, are used to assess their influence. The position of these groups within the spectrum of the Conservative party is considered, and the extent to which a common philosophy and motivation can be attributed to each faction. It analyses the role of the Europeanists in supporting Continental moves towards European integration, as well as broader Conservative attitudes to European integration and its emerging institutions: the Council of Europe, the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Defence Community, and the Messina process. The study looks at the reasons for the Churchill government's failure to build upon the successes of the Europeanists whilst the Conservatives were in opposition. The thesis seeks to show that the Suez Group occupied a more important position within the party than has been appreciated hitherto. Attention is paid to the views and role of this nascent group in the Palestine and Abadan crises, and in the negotiations over self-government for the Sudan, together with the role of the Suez Group in the party struggle over the Anglo-Egyptian Agreement on the Suez Canal Zone Base in 1954. The part played by the Suez Group and the Anti-Suez Group in the Suez crisis of 1956 is discussed. - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................. 2 P r e f a c e .......................................................11 Abbreviations ............................................... 12 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...................................... 13 Published Comment on the Europeanists, the Suez Group and the Anti-Suez Group ......................... 15 The Political Significance of the Europeanists, the Suez and the Anti-Suez Groups ................... 17 Other Conservative Groups ............................ 19 (a) The Progress Trust (b) Conservative Ginger Groups on Home Affairs (c) Informal Groups Conservative Backbench Influence and Government Policy ............................................... 22 (a) The Mechanics of the Conservative Party (b) The Nature of the Conservative Party Political Debate 1948-56 ............................. 27 (a) The House of Commons in the 1940s and 1950s (b) The MP outside Parliament The True Extent of Backbench Influence ............... 31 (a) Criteria for influencing policy (b) Criteria for influencing foreign policy (i) Public Methods (ii) Private Methods CHAPTER 2: CONSERVATIVE ATTITUDES TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ■ - - 36 Categories of Conservative Opinion .................... 36 (a) The Europeanists (b) The Sceptics (c) The Anti-Europeanists The Europeanists ....................................... 37 (a) Churchill's Decision to Adopt the Cause of Europe (i) Robert Boothby (ii) Leo Amery (iii) Duncan Sandys (b) Other Prominent Supporters of European Integration (i) Macmillan (ii) David Maxwell Fyfe (iii) David Eccles (iv) Peter Thorneycroft (v) Walter Elliot (c) Second-tier backbenchers (i) Sir Peter MacDonald (ii) Peter Roberts (d) Analysis of pro-European Thought The Sceptics ........................................... 63 (a) Eden (b) The Majority of the Party (c) The Reasons for Conservative Ambivalence The Anti-Europeans ..................................... 70 The Motivation of the Sceptics Summary................................................. 76 CHAPTER 3; THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY AMD EUROPE; IN OPPOSITION 1948-50 ........................................ 77 The Move towards Europe: Labour vs Conservative ..... 77 (a) Conservative Enthusiasm for Europe (b) Conservative Doubts Surface The Congress at the Hague ............................. 89 (a) The Reaction within the Conservative Party (b) The Reaction within the Government The Europeanists and the Conservative Sceptics: The Beginning of 1949 ............................... 98 The Moderation of Conservative Opinion The Assembly of the Council of Europe ............... 104 (a) The Conservative Europeanists and the Council of Europe (b) The Reaction of the Labour Government The Conservative Europeanists and The Party Conference of 1949 ................................. 108 The Conservative Europeanists and Their Opponents: The End of 1949 ..................................... Ill Summary ............. 115 CHAPTER 4: THE WAITING ROOM OF POWER: 1950-51 117 The Effect of the February Election ... 118 (a) Europeanists: Departures Arrivals (b) Anti-Europeanists: Departures Arrivals Conservative Attitudes to Europe .................... 120 (a) Conservative Divisions Persist A(b) The Economic Debate Conservatives and the Schuman Plan .................. 123 (a) The Conservative Dilemma (b) The Conservative Europeanists' Response to the Schuman Plan (c) The Schuman Plan Debate: Conservative Doubts Persist (d) The Outcome The Macmillan-Eccles Plan ........................... 141 (a) The Impact of the Macmillan-Eccles Plan (b) The Reaction of the Labour Government The European Army .................................... 146 (a) The Conservative Europeanists and The European Army (b) The Reaction of the Labour Government (c) Conservative Opinion of the Pleven Plan Europe and the Commonwealth ......................... 150 Summary .............................................. 151 CHAPTER 5: THE TRIUMPH OF EDEN 1951-55 ................... 153 The Effect of the October Election ................. 154 (a) Europeanists: Departures (1951 election) Departures (1951-55) Arrivals (b) Anti-Europeanists: Departures (1951-55) The 'Crunch': Strasbourg, November 1951 ............. 155 The Conservative Europeanists and Europe: 1951-55 ... 157 (a) Conservative Europeanists and Military Integration (b) Conservative Europeanists and Political Integration: British Leadership in the Council of Europe (c) Conservative Europeanists and Economic Integration: (i) Europe and 'Europe Overseas' (ii) Atlantic Union - 5 - The Influence of the Conservative Europeanists: 1951-55 ....................................... 173 (i) the loss of Churchill's interest and support (ii) the decisive influence of Eden (iii) Whitehall (iv) lack of ministerial support (v) the attitude of the Conservative backbenches The Problems of Big Europe: Conservative attitudes to the Council of E u r o p e ...................... 182 The Distraction of Imperial Preference ......... 186 The Conservative Party and Europe: 1955-56 .......... 188 (a ) Europeanists: Departures (b) Anti-Europeanists: Departures (c) The Revival of Interest in Europe (d) The Conservative Europeanists and the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) The Influence of Conservative Europeanists 1955-56 Summ a r y ................................................ 199 CHAPTER 6: THE GENESIS OF THE SUEZ GROUP AND THE ANTI-SUEZ GROUP........................................201 The Irresponsibility of Opposition vs the Constraints of P o w e r ........................... 201 THE SUEZ GROUP................................................ 204 Membership.............................................. 204 a) 1954-55 b) 1955-6 c) Sympathizers ('crypto-Suez Group') 1953-56 The Suez Group M P s ...................................... 207 (a) Captain Charles Waterhouse (b) Julian Amery (c) Lord Hinchingbrooke (d) Major Harry Legge-Bourke (e) Other Members of the Suez Group The Formation and Organization of the Suez G r o u p .......217 The Continuation of the Suez G r o u p ..................... 219 The Position of the Suez Group within the Conservative Party................................................. 220 The Public Perception of the Suez Gr o u p ................ 224 The Philosophy of the Suez G r o u p ....................... 225 The Suez Group and the Middle E a s t ..................... 228 The Whips' View of the Suez G r o u p ...................... 230 THE ANTI-SUEZ GROUP...........................................231 Membership..............................................232 The Formation and Organization of the Anti-Suez Group . 234 The 'Philosophy' of the Anti-Suez G r o u p ................ 235 Summary................................................. 237 CHAPTER 7: THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY AND THE MIDDLE EAST: 1948-1951 .............................. 238 Britain's Position in the Middle East after the Second World Wa r ................................. 238 The Position of the Middle East in Conservative Thought..............................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Ideas and Movements That Created the Modern World
    harri+b.cov 27/5/03 4:15 pm Page 1 UNDERSTANDINGPOLITICS Understanding RITTEN with the A2 component of the GCE WGovernment and Politics A level in mind, this book is a comprehensive introduction to the political ideas and movements that created the modern world. Underpinned by the work of major thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Marx, Mill, Weber and others, the first half of the book looks at core political concepts including the British and European political issues state and sovereignty, the nation, democracy, representation and legitimacy, freedom, equality and rights, obligation and citizenship. The role of ideology in modern politics and society is also discussed. The second half of the book addresses established ideologies such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism and Nationalism, before moving on to more recent movements such as Environmentalism and Ecologism, Fascism, and Feminism. The subject is covered in a clear, accessible style, including Understanding a number of student-friendly features, such as chapter summaries, key points to consider, definitions and tips for further sources of information. There is a definite need for a text of this kind. It will be invaluable for students of Government and Politics on introductory courses, whether they be A level candidates or undergraduates. political ideas KEVIN HARRISON IS A LECTURER IN POLITICS AND HISTORY AT MANCHESTER COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY. HE IS ALSO AN ASSOCIATE McNAUGHTON LECTURER IN SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY. HE HAS WRITTEN ARTICLES ON POLITICS AND HISTORY AND IS JOINT AUTHOR, WITH TONY BOYD, OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION: EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION? and TONY BOYD WAS FORMERLY HEAD OF GENERAL STUDIES AT XAVERIAN VI FORM COLLEGE, MANCHESTER, WHERE HE TAUGHT POLITICS AND HISTORY.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservative Ministers in the Coalition Government of 2010-15: Evidence of Bias in the Ministerial Selections of David Cameron?
    This is a repository copy of Conservative Ministers in the Coalition Government of 2010-15: Evidence of Bias in the Ministerial Selections of David Cameron?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/99728/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Heppell, T orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-6993 and Crines, A (2016) Conservative Ministers in the Coalition Government of 2010-15: Evidence of Bias in the Ministerial Selections of David Cameron? Journal of Legislative Studies, 22 (3). pp. 385-403. ISSN 1357-2334 https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2016.1202647 (c) 2016, Taylor & Francis. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Legislative Studies on 14 July 2016, available online: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2016.1202647 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roots and Consequences of Euroskepticism: an Evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship at UWindsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Political Science Publications Department of Political Science 4-2012 The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party John B. Sutcliffe University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Sutcliffe, John B.. (2012). The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Geopolitics, history and international relations, 4 (1), 107-127. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Political Science at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations Volume 4(1), 2012, pp. 107–127, ISSN 1948-9145 THE ROOTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EUROSKEPTICISM: AN EVALUATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM INDEPENDENCE PARTY JOHN B. SUTCLIFFE [email protected] University of Windsor ABSTRACT. This article examines the causes and consequences of Euroskepticism through a study of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Based on an analysis of UKIP’s election campaigns, policies and performance, the article examines the roots of UKIP and its, potential, consequences for the British political system. The article argues that UKIP provides an example of Euroskepticism as the “politics of oppo- sition.” The party remains at the fringes of the political system and its leadership is prepared to use misrepresentation and populist rhetoric in an attempt to secure sup- port.
    [Show full text]
  • Suez 1956 24 Planning the Intervention 26 During the Intervention 35 After the Intervention 43 Musketeer Learning 55
    Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd i 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East Louise Kettle 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiiiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Louise Kettle, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/1 3 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 3795 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 3797 4 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 3798 1 (epub) The right of Louise Kettle to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iivv 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Learning from History 1 Learning from History in Whitehall 3 Politicians Learning from History 8 Learning from the History of Military Interventions 9 How Do We Learn? 13 What is Learning from History? 15 Who Learns from History? 16 The Learning Process 18 Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 21 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Recall of Mps
    House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee Recall of MPs First Report of Session 2012–13 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 21 June 2012 HC 373 [incorporating HC 1758-i-iv, Session 2010-12] Published on 28 June 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to consider political and constitutional reform. Current membership Mr Graham Allen MP (Labour, Nottingham North) (Chair) Mr Christopher Chope MP (Conservative, Christchurch) Paul Flynn MP (Labour, Newport West) Sheila Gilmore MP (Labour, Edinburgh East) Andrew Griffiths MP (Conservative, Burton) Fabian Hamilton MP (Labour, Leeds North East) Simon Hart MP (Conservative, Camarthen West and South Pembrokeshire) Tristram Hunt MP (Labour, Stoke on Trent Central) Mrs Eleanor Laing MP (Conservative, Epping Forest) Mr Andrew Turner MP (Conservative, Isle of Wight) Stephen Williams MP (Liberal Democrat, Bristol West) Powers The Committee’s powers are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in Temporary Standing Order (Political and Constitutional Reform Committee). These are available on the Internet via http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmstords.htm. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the internet at www.parliament.uk/pcrc. A list of Reports of the Committee in the present Parliament is at the back of this volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord-Pearsons-Letter-Of-Complaint-To
    COMPLAINT: COVERAGE BY “TODAY”, SINCE THE WILSON REPORT, OF THE CASE FOR THE UK TO WITHDRAW FROM THE EU. BACKGROUND The 2005 Wilson Report into the BBC’s coverage of EU affairs was the Corporation’s first published independent analysis of its output. Its committee of inquiry was chaired by Lord Wilson of Dinton, formerly Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service. This complaint is that the BBC has not delivered the improvements it promised in its response to that report, of its coverage of EU affairs. This applies particularly to the debate about the UK’s withdrawal from the EU. The Wilson Report was published in January 2005. It was critical of parts of the relevant output. It said: …we do think there is a serious problem. Although the BBC wishes to be impartial in its news coverage of the EU it is not succeeding. Whatever the intention, nobody thinks the outcome is impartial. There is strong disagreement about the net balance but all parties show remarkable unity in identifying the elements of the problem. Sometimes being attacked from all sides is a sign that an organisation is getting it right. That is not so here. It is a sign that the BBC is getting it wrong, and our main conclusion is that urgent action is required to put this right. The problem can be summarised under a number of headings which we analyse below.1 Institutional mindset. Giving the audience the information it needs to make up its own mind is a proper and important role for the BBC and one which it must carry out.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal No 28 Spring 2017
    The Regimental Association of The Queen’s Own Buffs (PWRR) The Royal Kent Regiment THE JOURNAL Number 28 Spring 2017 CONTENTS STUMP ROAD CEMETERY ............................................ 1 PRESIDENT’S JOTTINGS .............................................. 2 EDItor’S PAGE ............................................................. 3 BRANCH NEWS .............................................................. 4-9 THE 62 CLUB .................................................................. 10 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING ....................................... 11-13 BENEATH BELL HARRY ................................................. 14-15 ANYONE FOR CRICKET ................................................ 15-16 CANTERBURY REUNION ADMIN ORDER 2017 ........... 17-20 MAIdstoNE REUNION ADMIN ORDER 2017 .............. 20-21 THE SEA WOLVES, OPERATION POSTMASTER OPERATION CREEK & JAMES BOND 007 ................... 22-26 LT COL WILLIAM ROBERT DAWSON (THE BOY COLONEL) .................................................... 26-29 MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD CHARLES INGOUVILLE WILLIAMS, C.B., D.S.O. (INKY BILL) ....... 30-31 THE BUFFS’ LINKS WITH THE TOWER AND THE CITY OF LONDON ......................................... 32 ASSOCIATION TRIP TO THE SOMME........................... 33-35 CANterbury REUNION 2016 ..................................... 36-38 MAIdstoNE REUNION 2016 ........................................ 39-41 TOWER OF LONDON PARADE 2016 ............................ 42-43 TURNING THE PAGE ..................................................... 44-45
    [Show full text]
  • Members of Parliament Disqualified Since 1900 This Document Provides Information About Members of Parliament Who Have Been Disqu
    Members of Parliament Disqualified since 1900 This document provides information about Members of Parliament who have been disqualified since 1900. It is impossible to provide an entirely exhaustive list, as in many cases, the disqualification of a Member is not directly recorded in the Journal. For example, in the case of Members being appointed 5 to an office of profit under the Crown, it has only recently become practice to record the appointment of a Member to such an office in the Journal. Prior to this, disqualification can only be inferred from the writ moved for the resulting by-election. It is possible that in some circumstances, an election could have occurred before the writ was moved, in which case there would be no record from which to infer the disqualification, however this is likely to have been a rare occurrence. This list is based on 10 the writs issued following disqualification and the reason given, such as appointments to an office of profit under the Crown; appointments to judicial office; election court rulings and expulsion. Appointment of a Member to an office of profit under the Crown in the Chiltern Hundreds or the Manor of Northstead is a device used to allow Members to resign their seats, as it is not possible to simply resign as a Member of Parliament, once elected. This is by far the most common means of 15 disqualification. There are a number of Members disqualified in the early part of the twentieth century for taking up Ministerial Office. Until the passage of the Re-Election of Ministers Act 1919, Members appointed to Ministerial Offices were disqualified and had to seek re-election.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomarbeit
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Anglo-Austrian Cultural Relations between 1944 and 1955. Influences, Cooperation and Conflicts. Verfasserin Isabella Lehner angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, im Juli 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 312 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. DDr. Oliver Rathkolb 2 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre eidesstattlich, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig angefertigt, keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt und alle aus ungedruckten Quellen, gedruckter Literatur oder aus dem Internet im Wortlaut oder im wesentlichen Inhalt übernommenen Formulierungen und Konzepte gemäß den Richtlinien wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten zitiert, durch Fußnoten gekennzeichnet beziehungsweise mit genauer Quellenangabe kenntlich gemacht habe. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde bisher weder in gleicher noch in ähnlicher Form einer anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Ort Datum Unterschrift 3 Acknowledgements This thesis owes much to the generosity and cooperation of others. Firstly, I am highly indebted to my supervisor Professor Oliver Rathkolb for his guidance and support. I owe a special thank you to Dr. Jill Lewis and (soon to be PhD) Helen Steele for repeatedly inspiring and encouraging me. Furthermore, I would like to thank Mag. Florentine Kastner for her support. Thank you for a friendship beyond history. Sincere thanks also go to the staff at The National Archives in Kew, and to the Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies at the University of London, especially Dr. Martin Liebscher, for assisting me during my research in London. A very special thank you goes to Raimund! Without your inspiring ideas, support and understanding this thesis would never have been completed. 4 Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 46
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 46 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENING ADDRESS – Air Chf Mshl Sir David Cousins 7 THE NORTHERN MEDITERRANEAN 1943-1945 by Wg 9 Cdr Andrew Brookes AIRBORNE FORCES IN THE NORTH MEDITERRANEAN 20 THEATRE OF OPERATIONS by Wg Cdr Colin Cummings DID ALLIED AIR INTERDICTION
    [Show full text]
  • Magnolia Building Landmark Nomination Form
    • attachment 2 -a — // — S — — • _ / - — —~— / — — • — — —. / ,• ~ —=——~ — — ~ ~ LX /.ii — - ~ ~ LZ q. - — —— — _r — — — —- / -‘—i ~\ •~ ~ ~ II p / ~ ,tii - -, ~ - — — • ~— i/i t 1—n F ~: ?~‘ 4~iii•ri’ ~ •‘ /~ I /;~ IL •~ ~‘/I ‘MW... ~ flu 1/:1 T ~ I 2~ ~ f-. -:~ ~::~-~7; 1. -1 •1/.. ~- Th gnolia .11 ding A Living Dallas Heritage a landmark designation report y the Dallas Landmark Preservation Committee ay.1978 THE MAGNOLIA BUILDING -~Pr LIVI-NG- DALLAS HERITAGE I. INTRODUCTION: This report has been prepared by the Historic Landmark Preservation Comittee of the Planning Con~nission and by the Department of Urban Planning. It is a study of the Magnolia Building, renamed the Mobil Building, to determine its significance as a historic landmark and to consider the question of whether it should be protected. The study will also consider what features should be Drotected and what approaches are ap propriate if the building is determined to be worthy of such protection. Designation under the City’s landmark program, together with preservation criteria, would be a major tool for preserving any building deemed to be historically significant as a living part of Dallas’ heritage. If such a building is unoccupied or underutilized, an appropriate reuse would be es sential for its continued viability. Hopefully, a new use could be found for a historic landmark building which would not only preserve the building as economically viable, but which would provide some access and amenity to the public appropriate to its significance as a focus of community sentiment. The Magnolia Building has for years been one of Dallas’ most significant buildings. Its architectural distinction, its association with the city’s economic life, and its extraordinary visual domination of the downtown sky line, topped by the Flying Red Horse, all reinforce its overall impact.
    [Show full text]
  • A Re-Issue of the Text of the May Day Manifesto, with a New Introduction by Michael Rustin
    MAY DAY MANIFESTO1967-68 A re-issue of the text of the May Day Manifesto, with a new introduction by Michael Rustin May 2013 May Day Manifesto 1967-68 A re-issue of the text of the May Day Manifesto, with a new introduction by Michael Rustin May 2013 Note on text May Day Manifesto 1967-8 - Edited by Raymond Williams There are two versions of the May Day Manifesto. The first published in May 1967 was the result of a large group of contributors and edited by Stuart Hall, Edward Thompson and Raymond Williams. The second, a Penguin special was released with Raymond Williams as sole editor. Both versions are copyright the May Day Manifesto Committee of which Michael Rustin was secretary. The 1968 version has been preferred. Typesetting: Ed Sherman Cover: Yoav Segal Project co-ordinator: Ben Little © Mayday Manifesto Committee Published by Soundings With thanks to: Avni Shah Middlesex University ii Contents Note on text ii Revisiting the May Day Manifesto of 1967-68 vi Original preface xxii 1. May Day 1 2. Where the analysis starts 5 3. Social realities 8 4. Poverty today 11 5. The facts of inequality 16 6. Social poverty 19 7. Housing, health and education 23 8. The realities of work 29 9. Communications 34 10. Advertising 36 11. The meaning of modernization 39 12. New capitalist requirements 42 13. The laws of the new market 47 iii Contents 14. The laws of the United States economy 51 15. The economic drive outwards 55 16. America and Europe 58 17. The technological gap 61 18.
    [Show full text]