Runic Range: 16A0–16FF
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Neural Substrates of Hanja (Logogram) and Hangul (Phonogram) Character Readings by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1416 • J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29: 1416-1424 Neural Substrates of Hanja (Logogram) and Hangul (Phonogram) Character Readings by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Zang-Hee Cho,1 Nambeom Kim,1 The two basic scripts of the Korean writing system, Hanja (the logography of the traditional Sungbong Bae,2 Je-Geun Chi,1 Korean character) and Hangul (the more newer Korean alphabet), have been used together Chan-Woong Park,1 Seiji Ogawa,1,3 since the 14th century. While Hanja character has its own morphemic base, Hangul being and Young-Bo Kim1 purely phonemic without morphemic base. These two, therefore, have substantially different outcomes as a language as well as different neural responses. Based on these 1Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea; 2Department of linguistic differences between Hanja and Hangul, we have launched two studies; first was Psychology, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea; to find differences in cortical activation when it is stimulated by Hanja and Hangul reading 3Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi to support the much discussed dual-route hypothesis of logographic and phonological University, Sendai, Japan routes in the brain by fMRI (Experiment 1). The second objective was to evaluate how Received: 14 February 2014 Hanja and Hangul affect comprehension, therefore, recognition memory, specifically the Accepted: 5 July 2014 effects of semantic transparency and morphemic clarity on memory consolidation and then related cortical activations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Address for Correspondence: (Experiment 2). The first fMRI experiment indicated relatively large areas of the brain are Young-Bo Kim, MD Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, Gachon activated by Hanja reading compared to Hangul reading. -
Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only. -
Europe-II 8 Ancient and Other Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 12.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2019 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 12.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-22-1 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/) 1. -
The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monuments Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medieval England
Runrön Runologiska bidrag utgivna av Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet 24 Kopár, Lilla, 2021: The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monu- ments. Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medi- eval England. In: Reading Runes. Proceedings of the Eighth International Sym posium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions, Nyköping, Sweden, 2–6 September 2014. Ed. by MacLeod, Mindy, Marco Bianchi and Henrik Williams. Uppsala. (Run rön 24.) Pp. 143–156. DOI: 10.33063/diva-438873 © 2021 Lilla Kopár (CC BY) LILLA KOPÁR The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monuments Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medieval England Abstract The Old English runic corpus contains at least thirty-seven inscriptions carved in stone, which are concentrated geographically in the north of England and dated mainly from the seventh to the ninth centuries. The quality and content of the inscriptions vary from simple names (or frag- ments thereof) to poetic vernacular memorial formulae. Nearly all of the inscriptions appear on monumental sculpture in an ecclesiastical context and are considered to have served commemor- ative purposes. Rune-inscribed stones show great variety in terms of monument type, from name-stones, cross-shafts and slabs to elaborate monumental crosses that served different func- tions and audiences. Their inscriptions have often been analyzed by runologists and epigraphers from a linguistic or epigraphic point of view, but the relationship of these inscribed monuments to other sculptured stones has received less attention in runological circles. Thus the present article explores the place and development of rune-inscribed monuments in the context of sculp- tural production in pre-Conquest England, and identifies periods of innovation and change in the creation and function of runic monuments. -
ALPHABET and PRONUNCIATION Old English (OE) Scribes Used Two
OLD ENGLISH (OE) ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION Old English (OE) scribes used two kinds of letters: the runes and the letters of the Latin alphabet. The bulk of the OE material — OE manuscripts — is written in the Latin script. The use of Latin letters in English differed in some points from their use in Latin, for the scribes made certain modifications and additions in order to indicate OE sounds which did not exist in Latin. Depending of the size and shape of the letters modern philologists distinguish between several scripts which superseded one another during the Middle Ages. Throughout the Roman period and in the Early Middle Ages capitals (scriptura catipalis) and uncial (scriptura uncialis) letters were used; in the 5th—7th c. the uncial became smaller and the cursive script began to replace it in everyday life, while in book-making a still smaller script, minuscule (scriptura minusculis), was employed. The variety used in Britain is known as the Irish, or insular minuscule. Insular minuscule script differed from the continental minuscule in the shape of some letters, namely d, f, g. From these letters only one is used in modern publications of OE texts as a distinctive feature of the OE alphabet – the letter Z (corresponding to the continental g). In the OE variety of the Latin alphabet i and j were not distinguished; nor were u and v; the letters k, q, x and w were not used until many years later. A new letter was devised by putting a stroke through d or ð, to indicate the voiceless and the voiced interdental [θ] and [ð]. -
The Challenge of Chinese Character Acquisition
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Learning and Teacher Education Education 2017 The hC allenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem Justin Olmanson University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Xianquan Chrystal Liu University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/teachlearnfacpub Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, Language and Literacy Education Commons, Online and Distance Education Commons, and the Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Olmanson, Justin and Liu, Xianquan Chrystal, "The hC allenge of Chinese Character Acquisition: Leveraging Multimodality in Overcoming a Centuries-Old Problem" (2017). Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education. 239. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/teachlearnfacpub/239 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Volume 4 (2017) -
Myths of the Rune Stone: Viking Martyrs and the Birthplace of America
book review Myths of the Rune Stone: Viking Martyrs For example, Krueger’s and the Birthplace of America take on the local and reli- David M. Krueger gious dimensions of the (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015, 214 p., stone’s history is original. Paper, $24.95.) He excellently explores how the stone became a near- Many places claim to be the birthplace of America, but few sacred artifact even outside have been as contested as the one near Kensington, Minnesota. the Scandinavian American The source of this claim, a stone slab unearthed in 1898, is the ethnic community. Krueger subject of David Krueger’s Myths of the Rune Stone. This first shows how in the 1920s the comprehensive book about the popular meaning of the Kens- stone— by way of a failed ington Rune Stone is a welcome contribution to the study of its plan for a massive 200- foot historiography and to the impact of local culture on an Ameri- monument— became a can origin myth. tool of small- town booster- Since its discovery by a Swedish- born farmer, the Kensing- ism. In 1928, the stone was ton Rune Stone’s claim that Norsemen were present in what purchased by a group of is now Minnesota in the year 1362 has been a topic of heated Alexandria businessmen controversy. Although scholars of Scandinavian languages and and put on display in a downtown bank. To the Alexandria runology (the study of runic inscriptions) have long agreed community, the stone was a source of prestige and a strategy about its nineteenth- century origin, the stone has continued to to promote tourism. -
Anglo-Saxon Runes
Runes Each rune can mean something in divination (fortune telling) but they also act as a phonetic alphabet. This means that they can sound out words. When writing your name or whatever in runes, don’t pay attention to the letters we use, but rather the sounds we use to make up the words. Then finds the runes with the closest sounds and put them together. Anglo- Swedo- Roman Germanic Danish Saxon Norwegian A ansuz ac ar or god oak-tree (?) AE aesch ash-tree A/O or B berkanan bercon or birch-twig (?) C cen torch D dagaz day E ehwaz horse EA ear earth, grave(?) F fehu feoh fe fe money, cattle, money, money, money, wealth property property property gyfu / G gebo geofu gift gift (?) G gar spear H hagalaz hail hagol (?) I isa is iss ice ice ice Ï The sound of this character was something ihwaz / close to, but not exactly eihwaz like I or IE. yew-tree J jera year, fruitful part of the year K kenaz calc torch, flame (?) (?) K name unknown L laguz / laukaz water / fertility M mannaz man N naudiz need, necessity, nou (?) extremity ing NG ingwaz the god the god "Ing" "Ing" O othala- hereditary land, oethil possession OE P perth-(?) peorth meaning unclear (?) R raidho reth (?) riding, carriage S sowilo sun or sol (?) or sun tiwaz / teiwaz T the god Tiw (whose name survives in Tyr "Tuesday") TH thurisaz thorn thurs giant, monster (?) thorn giant, monster U uruz ur wild ox (?) wild ox W wunjo joy X Y yr bow (?) Z agiz(?) meaning unclear Now write your name: _________________________________________________________________ Rune table borrowed from: www.cratchit.org/dleigh/alpha/runes/runes.htm . -
Rune Caster – a New Character Class
Sample file Rune Caster – A New Character Class THE RUNE CASTER WHAT IS A RUNE CASTER? WHY PLAY A RUNE CASTER AND NOT A A rune caster is a master of arcane spells, but WIZARD? rather than relying on a spellbook, the rune In certain campaigns your pointy hat caster uses magical symbols known as runes. In bookworm wizard might not fit thematically, addition the rune caster is much more for instance in a Viking campaign. In these dependent on ritual spellcasting. situations the rune caster might be a better option. WHAT IS A RUNE? A rune is a magical symbol that allows the rune CREATING A RUNE CASTER caster to cast one or more cantrips or spells. Creating a rune caster character requires a The rune caster carries these runes around and backstory where your character came into uses them as an arcane focus for spell casting. contact with the arcane. This contact awoke an Often the rune caster will use these runes in interest, causing your character to study the rituals for casting spells. arcane afterwards. It is often the case that the study of arcane lore is forbidden and your character had to do it in secret. Perhaps the predominant religion considers such studies heresy. Whatever the case, your character feels strong and confident enough now to use the abilities. The Rune Caster Proficiency Runes Runes - Spells Slots per Spell Level - Level bonus Features Known Attuned 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 1st +2 Rune casting, Ritual casting 3 1 2 - - - - - - - - 2nd +2 Rune recovery 3 1 3 - - - - - - - - 3th +2 Portent 4 2 4 2 - - - - - -
Proposed Additions Red = Proposed Changes Green = Other Possible Additions Black = Existing/Unchanged
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 106461 Please fill all the sections A, B and C below. Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html for guidelines and details before filling this form. Please ensure you are using the latest Form from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.html. See also http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html for latest Roadmaps. A. Administrative 1. Title: Ms 2. Requester's name: Małgorzata Deroń 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution): Individual 4. Submission date: 4 September 2009 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/fa/Deron_Malgorzata 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: Yes (or) More information will be provided later: If needed B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): - Proposed name of script: b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: Yes Name of the existing block: Runic 16A0-16FF (for 16F1-16FF) 2. Number of characters in proposal: 15 + 1 change 3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary - B.1-Specialized (small collection) X B.2-Specialized (large collection) - C-Major extinct - D-Attested extinct - E-Minor extinct - F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic - G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols - 4. -
Runes and Verse: the Medialities of Early Scandinavian Poetry
Runes and Verse: The Medialities of Early Scandinavian Poetry Judith Jesch Introduction: Runic and Roman in Old English and Old Norse Poetry It has long been recognised that there are many similarities between Old English and Old Norse literary culture and especially poetry, despite their chronological disparities. While many scholars nowadays prefer to stress these chronological and other disparities, or simply to ignore the similarities and concentrate on just the one tradition, there is still room for a nuanced comparison of the two bodies of poetry, as in for example recent work by Matthew Townend. Having examined some similarities in poetic diction he argues that these derive in part from the common roots of Old English and Old Norse. Such a shared specialised poetic diction suggests to him “that there existed a well-developed North-West Germanic poetic culture ... the reflexes of which can be observed in our extant Old English and Old Norse verse” (Townend 2015, 18). As well as this similarity of poetic vocabulary, and of course their well-known common metrical structures, these two corpora also share certain structural similarities which relate not only to patterns of transmission but also to the wider role of verse in their respective cultures. Thus, it is worthy of note that both corpora include anonymous as well as non-anonymous verse, and both include verse that is transmitted in runic inscriptions as well as in manuscripts in the roman alphabet. But despite these similarities, the poetical cultures of Anglo-Saxon England and early Scandinavia display significant differences, in particular when these medialities of roman and runic are considered more closely. -
Runatal 1Up (PDF)
RÚNATAL Fjár Ætt (Family or lineage of Fé or Wealth) Rune Phoneme Meaning Rune Name Description Cattle which have been domesticated, and represent portable wealth (as opposed to FEE FEHU – fé f! f real estate, which is not portable), money or wealth, increase from wise investment Aurochs, which was the long-horned undomesticated bovine prevalent in AUROCHS ÚRUZ Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, U! u measuring 6 foot at the shoulder. Thus, the wilder, untamed forces. Jötunn (pl. jœtnar), a Chthonic spirit force lacking the necessary structuring which would lead to acts of creation or THURS ÞURISAZ – þurs Q th nurture. Coincidentally, it is also the first rune in the name Þórr, who was called upon to hallow the runes. One of the ÆsiR, originally spirits/gods of a! a Ase ANSUZ – áss the air and meteorological phenomena. Carriage, wagon or other conveyance for RIDE RAIÐÔ – reið transporting goods or people. Also ráðr R! r meaning advice, teaching. KEN, meaning torch or flame and illness. Thus, perhaps a purifying fever, or the torch KAUNAN – ken purificatory flames of transformation. The k! k bone-fire blazing on the hill-top lures us into its mystery. A gift or present. Partnerships, both in g! g GIFT GEBÔ – gefu love and in business. Old English wynn = laughter. Joy, W! w joy WÛNJÔ – wynn celebration, fröjd. 1 HAGLA ÆTT (Family or lineage of HagalaZ or Hail) Rune Phoneme Meaning Rune Name Description Hail, a disruptive natural force which is h h HAIL HAGALAZ difficult to prepare for. Need, emergency, hunger, hunting in NAUÐIZ NEED winter, a sinking ship.