CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876

DELAY ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING MS PROJECT & SPSS.

Ms.Saradha.P1, Mr.R.Santhosh kumar2 1PG Student, Construction Engineering And Management, The Kavery Engineering College, Mecheri,. 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, The Kavery Engineering College, Mecheri,. [email protected],[email protected]

Abstract: Delay is quite common in construction project. Delay in any task or operation is a time overrun which influences the completion of the work, leading to disputes and litigation. Thus it's essential to study and analyze causes of delay in construction. This dissertation focuses on study of core factors that are causing delays and analyzing the day-to- day records to minimize delays. To overcome the problem in our study we induce to collect the day-to-day data site work i.e. starting time, finishing time and completed task etc. are recorded in MS Project differentiating task and critical activity along with the delays caused and reasons for the delays. The collected data has analyzed using MS project and the priority of the delay has predict using SPSS software on ranking basis.

Keywords: Construction Project, Construction Delays, Schedule Analysis, Relative importance index ,Gantt chart

1. INTRODUCTION

Delay is one of most regular issues in construction projects disputes and claims. Fundamentally delay is the time overrun either past the fulfilment date indicated in the contract or past the settled upon date for conveyance of the undertaking. Most extensive undertakings are finished later than these settled upon dates for various reasons. These delays can have extreme money related effect on the undertaking. Fundamentally delays are a net Delay can be further broken down into compensable or non-compensable delays. Misfortune circumstance: All the gatherings lose one way or the other and there are no genuine champs. Reputations are at stake as well.

At the point when disputes erupt delay cases might be documented, unless bargains are come to. To recoup the harm caused by delays, both the delays and the gatherings in charge of them ought to be distinguished. In any case, delay circumstances are unpredictable in nature on the grounds that numerous delays can happen simultaneously and can be caused by in excess of one gathering, or by none of the key gatherings (force majeure, and so forth)

Delays in construction projects are every now and again costly, since there is normally a construction advance included which charges intrigue, administration staff committed to the project whose expenses are time subordinate, and progressing expansion in wage and material costs. In any case, in more mind boggling projects, issues will emerge that are not predicted in the first contract, thus other legitimate construction shapes are in this way utilized, for example, change orders, lien waivers, and addenda.

In construction projects, too in different projects where a schedule is being utilized to design work, delays happen constantly. It is what is being delayed that decides whether a project, or some other due date, for example, a point of reference, will be finished late. Before deciding the effect of a delay on the project, one must decide if the delay is critical or non-critical.

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Also, all delays are either understandable or non-passable. Both reasonable and non-passable delays can be characterized as either simultaneous or non-simultaneous. Construction projects have a tendency to be unique cases.

A project group meets up to make a one of a kind advancement on a specific site under conditions that will never be rehashed. They are exceptionally perplexing, requiring the co-appointment of authorizations, individuals, products, plant and materials.

2. LITERATURE COLLECTION

Wail Menesi (2007) because of the inalienable dangers and expanding many-sided quality of present day construction projects, cost overruns and a delay in the General in the business have progressed toward becoming actualities. Analysts and professionals sharing duty between the gatherings included delay and delay the detailing of the venture have utilized various strategies.

Ghulam Abbas Niazai and KassimGidado (2012) specified that Construction delay in Afghanistan is clarified through writing audit and field review. . Broad writing surveys through 83 distinguished the reasons for delay, factor in nine gatherings joined. Clients including contractors and 15 20 25 advisors reacted to three noteworthy partners, poll frames. Respondents from delay is very adds to 12months at the detailed contract.

QaisKadhimJahanger (2013) The purposes behind the delay in construction projects in downtown Baghdad's character, and a field study a poll through the most essential construction projects delay reasons contained in 10 bunches distinguished 58 of this exploration planned to indicate reasons. Field study venture three members (proprietor, contractor and advisor) was spoken to by 78 engineers included.

Mohamed Marzouk and Tarek El-Rasas (2013) are discovered the Construction delays are normal issues in structural building ventures in Egypt. Regularly prompting debate and case venture life-time amid these issues. Along these lines, this investigation and examination of the explanations behind the delay in development is required to. The examination picked up from the development delay writing presents a rundown. The meeting was gotten through master criticism. Afterward, a review survey was readied.

3. METHODOLOGY

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3.1 RESERACH METHODOLOGY In the present study Microsoft Project has been used for planning and scheduling and for delay analysis As Plsanned vs. As Built technique has been used. Various data has been collected in the form of bar charts and drawings from site. The bar charts are converted into network by MSP and critical path is found out.

3.2 COLLECTION OF PROJECT DATA Initially all the relevant data has been collected like a Drawings, Specifications, types of resources, quantities, planned schedule, photographs, etc.

3.3 PREPARATION OF SCHEDULE USING MSP SOFTWARE With the help of MSP schedule that will be prepare for the project according to the information collected from the organization. Before preparing the schedule initially different activities are identified with the help of data given by the organization and resources required for the project by rate analysis.

3.4 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN A questionnaire is an analyzing instrument consisting of a set of questions for the purpose of collecting information from the respondents. They are designed for statistical analysis of the responses. Questionnaires must be prepared such that the respondents must be capable to read the questions and answer to them. Analysis was employed using four point Likert scale and the weight is given as below: 1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Moderate 4 – Agree 5 - Strongly Agree

4. CASE STUDY

4.1. INTRODUCTION.

Case study on a Villa project consisting of 18 villas of 2 BHK and 3 BHK with a site area of 17 acres. It has a built up area of 8400 sq-ft-9880 sq-ft and super built up area of 9080 sq-ft – 121115 sq-ft accommodating 147 villas in total. Estimated cost of the project was Rs. 592,750.00.

4.1.1. Project Specification.

1) Structure Villas are Reinforced Cement Concrete with G+2 Floor

2) Concrete M10 grade for PCC, M25 grade for Footing, Columns, Beams & Slabs

3) Steel High Yield Strength Deformed bars Fe500 is used

4) Masonry Work 4” & 6” Internal and External Concrete block walls

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5) Plastering External sand faced plaster Internal plaster with putty

6) Painting External Walls-Cement texturing with Apex/Ace emulsion

7) Windows UPVC

8) Flooring Balcony –Anti-Skid Tiles, Kitchen- Vitrified Tiles Living/Dining- Marble, Granite Toilets-Anti Skid Tiles

4. CONSTRUCTION DELAYS

There are three basic ways to categorize type of delays:  Critical and noncritical  Excusable and Non-excusable  Compensable and non-compensable

4.1 CRITICAL AND NON-CRITICAL DELAYS Delays that influence the project completion or at times a point of reference date are considered as basic delays and delays that don't influence the project completion or a breakthrough date are considered as noncritical delays. On the off chance that these exercises are delayed, project completion date or a point of reference later will be delayed. The figuring out which exercises really control the undertaking project completion date upon the accompanying: The project itself  The contractor‘s plan and schedule (particularly the critical path)  The requirement of the contract for sequence and phasing  The physical constraint of the project, i.e. how to build the job from a practical  Perspective.

4.2 DELAY ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Regardless of whether a delay is compensable depends principally on the terms of the agreement. In the most cases, an agreement particularly takes note of the sorts of delays that are non-compensable, for which the contractual worker does not get any extra cash but rather might be permitted a period expansion. Delay examination is a systematic procedure that ought to be utilized with venture documentation alongside gathered information from venture site. The choice of delay examination relies upon the assortment of components and the accessible records. There are five normally utilized delay strategies.  Impacted as-planned method  Time impact analysis method  Collapsed as-built or ‗but-for‘ analysis method  Snapshot/windows/time slice analysis method  As-planned versus as-built windows analysis method

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5. ABOUT SOFTWARE

Microsoft Project is a project management software product, developed and sold by Microsoft. It is designed to assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads. Microsoft Project was the company's third Microsoft Windows-based application, and within a couple of years of its introduction it became the dominant PC-based project management software.

5.1 SPSS

Statistics is for the most part comprehended as the subject managing number and information, all the more extensively it includes exercises, for example, accumulation of information from review or trial, outline or administration of information, introduction of results in a persuading position, investigation of information or drawing substantial inductions from discoveries. While Bio-Statistics is science which causes us in overseeing medicinal information with utilization of statistical strategies/systems/devices or an accumulation of factual methods especially appropriate to the examination of social insurance related information.

5.2 SCHEDULING IN MS PROJECT.

Before preparing the schedule, initially different activities are identified and resources required for the project. It has been found that there are around 160 activities required for this project. Critical Path Method is the project scheduling method used in MS Project to link all the activities. The total baseline duration of the project was found to be 432 days.

5.3 ASSIGNING OF RESOURCES.

Before assigning the resource, the productivity chart is used to allocate required manpower for each activity for carrying out that particular activity efficiently without compromising on the quality as shown in table 1.

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Table 1. Labor Productivity Chart

Based on the labor productivity constant, manpower requirement is calculated using the formulae below:

ℎ

(Average Productivity Constant X Duration of the Task )

Example: Column Reinforcement (First Floor) Data of Column Reinforcement = 1.81MT Manpower Requirement = 1.81MT/(0.MT/dayX 6days) = 1.0055 ≈ 1 Bar bender required is 1 in the ratio of 2:1 i.e. 2 Skilled Bar bender and 1 Semi Skilled Bar bender

Example: Column Shuttering (First Floor) Data of Column Shuttering = 97.31 SQM Manpower Requirement =97.31sqm /(10sqm/day X 10days) = 0.97 ≈1 No Carpenter required is 1 in the ratio of 2:1 i.e. 2 skilled carpenters and 1 Semi Skilled carpenters.

Example: Block work (Ground Floor) Data of Block work = 271.77 SQM Manpower Requirement=271.77sqm/(12sqm/dayX 23days) = 0.98 ≈ 1 No Mason required is 1 in the ratio of 1:2 i.e. 1 Skilled Mason and 2 Semi Skilled Mason.

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Table 2. Reasons for Delay Reason for delay Delay in Cost due to Delay ( days rupees) Rain 12 1,15,000 Shortage of labor 8 2,08,000 Missing Information 1 7,600 Shortage of material 15 3,29,200 Strikes 7 20,000 RMC Supplier busy schedule 5 9,800 Shortage of steel bars 20mm 2 5000 dia Structural engineer visit 2 9200 Cash flow issues 3 12,400 Level difference 7 7000 Total 62 7,23,200

6. ANALYSIS RESULT 6.1 RII (RELATIVE IMPORTANCE INDEX) The relative index of inequality (RII) is a regression-based index which summarizes the magnitude of socio- economic status (SES) as a source of inequalities in health. RII is useful because it takes into account the size of the population and the relative disadvantage experienced by different groups.

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The disease outcome is regressed on the proportion of the population that has a higher position in the hierarchy.

RII = ΣW / (A*N) Where, W is the weighting given to each factor by the respondents (ranging from 1 to 4), A is the highest weight (i.e. 5 in this case), and N is the total number of respondents. Higher the value of RII, more important was the cause of delays. Table 1 shows the ranking results of delay factors.

6.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive statistics are utilized to portray the essential highlights of the information in an investigation.

They give basic outlines about the example and the measures. Together with basic designs investigation, they shape the premise of for all intents and purposes each quantitative examination of information. Material conveyance frequency appeared in table 4.and Fig 1 shows the graphical representation of late material delivery results. Project work delays due to late delivery of material? Freq Valid Cumula uen % Perc tive cy ent Percent Vali Strongly 9 22.0 23.1 23.1 d disagree Disagree 7 17.1 17.9 41.0 Moderate 7 17.1 17.9 59.0 Agree 8 19.5 20.5 79.5 Strongly 8 19.5 20.5 100.0 agree Total 39 95.1 100.0 Miss System 2 4.9 ing Total 41 100.0

Table 4 Frequency for late material delivery results

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Fig 1 Frequency for late material delivery

Fig 2 Frequency for Shortage of equipment

Fig 3 Frequency for Poor quality of construction Material Majority of the respondents says quality of materials, shortage of equipment and late delivery of material are the risks to affects the productivity of construction.

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Fig 4 shows the original schedule without delay factors in construction projects.

Fig 5 Planning and scheduling of the project (continued)

Based on SPSS rankings delay factors included in MS-Project changes are updated in the original schedule of the project. Contractor delay, Labour problem, Site conditions are schedulized shown in Fig 6.

Fig 6 As-built schedule with delays Material delay and unskilled labours delays are reallocate the schedule are shown in Fig 7

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Fig 7 As-built schedule with delays (continud)

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

From the analysis results, major risks are identified based on relative importance index (RII), Critical risk is delays due to late delivery of material (0.71), Shortage of equipment in construction site (0.68), Poor quality of construction Material affect the productivity (0.66) these are primary risks for delay analysis, Least Ranking risk factors are equipment maintenance affect by improper cash flow (0.51), Low productivity level of labours increase the duration of project (0.51), delay due to Unfavourable site conditions (0.49), Frequent change of subcontractors (0.47).From the descriptive statistics analysis Shortage of equipment in construction site higher frequency (36.6 %), minimum frequency factor is to late delivery of material (19.5%).Factor analysis shows the extracted factors with initial Eigen values .139 to 13.349.

8. CONCLUSION

From the analysis results from software’s shows the critical influenced in project scheduling are listed. The management of time is very critical in this industry because time equals to money thus estimating chances of schedule delay may play a significant role in the direction of project success. Relative importance index method used to prioritize the factors which are critical delay and its significance level compared to other factors. Based on these risk factors allocate in the project schedule delay for the duration of whole project can save money and time. Because of difficulty and lengthy time of projects, Investment and risks are more in this industry. We find that delay in designed schedule of project is the basic reason for these disadvantages. Some recommendations would be proposed for reducing the chances of schedule delay. RECOMMENDATIONS

o Contractual are prescribed recommended that honest to goodness mind is taken in the project arranging and booking stage. It is vital to secure experienced contractors in the improvement projects for advantageous complete of project and don't allow visit changing of subcontractors middle project tasks. o Owners are suggested that don't late in progress payments of contractors of contractors since it debilitates the contractual worker capacity to fund the work. o Designers should not make errors and late in producing design papers because it create schedule delay in project.

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REFERENCES

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4.ElRazek, M.E., Basssioni, H.A., Mobarak, A.M. (2008) Causes of postponement in building development projects in Eygpt, Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. 134: 831-841.

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