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Efficient Intra and Inter-City Public Transportation System Towards HEIfficientGH SPEED TR AIIntraN PROJ EandCT IN I NInterDONESI-Acity Public(J ATKAransportationRTA – SURABAYA CORR IDSOystemR) Towards Sustainable Urban Development in Indonesia DR. Elly Sinaga Director GeneralHERMAN TforO D WResearchIATMOKO and Development Agency, Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Railways Ministry of Transportation Republic of Indonesia Jakarta, 2010 Indonesia • Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country (17,508 large and small islands). • DKI Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and is located on the northwest coast of Java island, forming the main city of Indonesia. • The total population of Indonesia 247 million ( 2012 ) of which 58.5% lives in Java, the world's 4th most populous country (after China, India and US), population growth of 1.2% meaning every 2 years we build one Singapore. Population Composition 2010 2020 2010 2020 Total Population (in 237 million) 263 Male) 119 131 Female 118 132 Productive Ages 130 180 (20–55 years) (54%) (68%) ~In 2020 productive ages reaches 70%, dependency ratio will go down significantly in one decade Sumber: BPS, World Population Prospect (UN) - 3 - Urban and Transport Condition City’s Population in Indonesia 1 city Jakarta ) 9,500 1 city Surabaya thousandpeople ( Bandung 3 cities Bekasi Metropolitan Medan Cities (11) Tangerang Population Numbers Population 3 cities Depok Semarang Palembang Makassar 3 cities Tangerang Selatan Bogor Batam Pekanbaruu Malang Big Cities (15) 15 cities Denpasar Balikpapan Tasikmalaya Surakarta 60 cities Manado Medium Cities Mataram (60) Yogyakarta Source: BPS, 2010 Vehicle Trend by mode (in million, 2000-2012) Bus Truck Passanger Car Motor Cycle 94.4 2.3 85.6 5.3 2.3 76.9 5.0 10.4 2.3 9.5 67.3 4.7 +14.3% 2.2 8.9 61.7 4.5 2.1 54.8 4.5 7.9 1.7 4.2 7.5 43.3 6.9 37.6 1.4 1.1 3.4 76.4 6.0 30.5 2.9 68.8 26.6 0.9 5.1 61.1 0.8 2.3 20.9 23.0 0.7 4.2 52.8 19.0 0.7 3.8 2.0 47.7 0.7 1.9 42.0 3.2 1.8 3.4 3.0 1.7 28.5 32.5 20.0 23.1 13.6 15.3 17.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Motor Cycle Passanger Car Truck Bus Total CAGR (2000-12) 15.49% 10.83% 9.88% 10.77% 14.3% Source: Statistic Bureau Urban Transportation Problems (Jakarta Metropolitan) • Heavy traffic congestion (average speed around 15kph) • Low share of public transportation services (16.7%) • Low commuter rail transport capacity • High proportion of motorcycle traffic (>70%) • High rate of road accident • Air pollution • High Transportation Cost • Cost of Health due to pollution impact but • Rapid Increase in travel demand • Steadily decrease in public transport modal share Rapid Increase in Travel Demand Total Travel Demand Year 2003 arround 37,3 million/day* Year 2010 arround 59 million/day** 58% Tangerang + Tangerang Selatan DKI Jakarta Kota + Kab. Bekasi Bogor Modal Share % Motorcycle 62,9 Private Car 17,4 Public Transport 16,7 Total 100 Source : * JICA 2003; URDI 2011 **JAPTraTis, 2011; Ditjen Perhubungan Darat, Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010 Jakarta MRT Development Target Year of No Intra and Intercity Railway development Line Length Operation 1 MRT Jakarta Stage I 15,1 km 2016 2 Monorel Jakarta (Green Line) 14,3 km 2016 3 Jakarta airport rail 33 km 2015 4 Double Track Cirebon - Surabaya 280 km 2014 5 Bandung Urban Railway 42 km 2016 6 Surabaya Urban Raiway 42 km 2015 7 Jakarta Commuter upgrade 152 km 2014 8 Bandar Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung North Sumatra rail 28,5 km 2014 Intercity Public Transportation plan & implementation (Case Study : Java Island) Intercity Transportation Problems • High travel demand on East - West corridor • City, town, and other trip generators are growing rapidly along side of roads • High rate of traffic accident • Low journey speed for road transport • High proportion of truck along Northern Java Corridor (in some part >90%) • Overweight and over dimensional trucks Road damage • Low modal share of Railway Transport ( for passenger 6%) • Frequent railway level crossing disturbing urban traffic + accident Logistic Cost as % of GDP 27% 25% 20% 18% 16% 13% 11% 10% 8% US JP SG MA KO CH TH VI IN A N P L R N A E D Sumber: State of Logistic Indonesia 2013 - 12 - Multi modes Transport Development in Java Corridor Industrial Metropolitan Area Jakarta Petrokimia Metropolitan Surabaya Food Industrial Complex Steel Industrial Area, Shipyard Petrokimia (the biggest one in Indonesia) 1. Toll Road : Build by-pass and toll road along Northern Java Corridor ---> Intercity Bus Services do not need to pass through city center or other urbanized areas 2. Railway : 1. Double track Railway line to improve railway capacity 2. High Speed Train 3. Elevated crossing to reduce travel time and accident at level crossing 3. Maritime: Short Sea Shipping to shift freight from road transport ( >90%) to maritime13 1) Trans Java Toll-road Network 2.1) Construction Of Double Tracking Of North Java Corridors Status April 22, 2014 DKI Merak JAKARTA SERANG Cikampek Bojonegoro Banten Bogor Cirebon Bojonegoro Padalarang Tegal Pekalongan SEMARANG Sukabumi Gambringan Bojonegoro BANDUNG Prupuk Jawa Tengah Jawa Barat Gundih Purwokerto Jawa Timur SURABAYA Banjar Madiun Kertosono Sidoarjo Kroya Kutoarjo Solo Bangil DIY Malang Operated YOGYAKARTA Banyuwangi Underconstruction Blitar Jember JAKARTA BEKASI CIREBON BREBES PEKALONGAN SEMARANG BOJONEGORO SURABAYA TEGAL UJUNG WELERI JERAKAH JAMBON TOBO BABAT NEGORO WADU SEMARANG 52,5 35 34 Km PONCOL 24,5 Km Km Km 18 Km 201 Km 63 Km 72 Km 15 Km 33 Km 73,5 Km 68 Km 6 Km 29,5 2 Km Km Operated March 2014 659 km Under Construction 68 km TOTAL 727 km 15 2.2) Construction Of Double Tracking Of South Java Corridors DKI Merak JAKARTA DKI Merak JAKARTA SERANG Cikampek SERANG Cikampek Bojonegoro Bojonegoro Banten Bogor Cirebon Bojonegoro Padalarang Tegal Pekalongan SEMARANG Sukabumi Gambringan Bojonegoro BANDUNG Prupuk Jawa Tengah Jawa Barat Gundih Purwokerto Jawa Timur SURABAYA Banten Banjar Bogor Cirebon Madiun Kertosono Sidoarjo Kroya Kutoarjo Solo Madiun - Bangil Bojonegoro DIY Malang Padalarang YOGYAKARTA Tegal Blitar Banyuwangi Pekalongan SEMARANG Jember Surabaya Sukabumi Gambringan Bojonegoro BANDUNG Prupuk Jawa Tengah Jawa Barat Gundih Purwokerto Jawa Timur SURABAYA Banjar Madiun Kertosono Sidoarjo Kroya Kutoarjo Solo Bangil Ponorogo DIY Malang Cirebon - Prupuk YOGYAKARTA Slahung Blitar Banyuwangi Prupuk- Purwokerto -Kroya - Kutoarjo - Yogya - Jember Purwokerto Kutoarjo Solo Solo - Madiun JALUR GANDA LINTAS SELATAN JAWA (CIREBON – YOGYAKARTA – SURABAYA): 620 km CIREBON PURWOKERTO KUTOARJO SOLO PARON KERTOSONO SURABAYA PRUPUK KROYA YOGYAKARTA MADIUN 74 km 56 km 28 km 76 km 123 km 71 km 26 km 69 km 97 km Operated 179 km Underconstruction 74 km 620 km Plan 367 km 2.3) High Speed Train project in Indonesia for Jakarta – Surabaya Corridor, approximately 685 km. 3) Short Sea Shipping 19 Passenger Transport fuel saving Passanger Transport Fuel Saving Modal Share Projection Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020 (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) 100% 100 90% 90 80% 80 70% 70 60% 60 Airplane 50% Airplane 50 (%) 40% High Speed Train Modal Share Modal High Speed Train 40 30% 30 Conventional Railway/ Conventional Railway/ 20% Double Track 20 Double Track 10% Intercity Bus 10 Intercity Bus 0% 0 Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020) DN 2020 DS 2020 Freight Transport fuel saving Freight Transport Fuel Saving Modal Share Projection Freight Transport Strategy in 2020 (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) 100% 100 90% 90 80% 80 70% 70 60% 60 Airplane 50% Airplane 50 (%) High Speed Train 40% Modal Share Modal High Speed Train 40 Short Sea Shipping 30% Short Sea Shipping 30 Conventional Railway/ 20% 20 Conventional Railway/ Double Track Double Track Truck 10% Truck 10 0% 0 Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020) DN 2020 DS 2020 CO2 Reduction multi modes strategy CO2 Reduction CO2 Reduction Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020 Freight Transport Strategy in 2020 (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) (Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya) 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 Airplane Airplane 50 50 High Speed Train (%) (%) High Speed Train 40 40 Short Sea Shipping 30 30 Conventional Railway/ Conventional Railway/ 20 Double Track 20 Double Track Intercity Bus Truck 10 10 0 0 DN 2020 DS 2020 DN 2020 DS 2020 CONCLUSION Various efforts in realizing efficient intra and inter-city public transport in Indonesia is being done and planned by the government. From development of the double track line, to the development of the short sea shipping. The benefits of developing a multi modal transport system is not only limited to Fuel and CO2 reduction, additional benefits include reduced high road maintenance cost and more importantly, reduction in road accident rates. 23 . SEKIAN & TERIMA KASIH THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH.
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