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Indonesia Beyond Reformasi: Necessity and the “De-Centering” of Democracy
INDONESIA BEYOND REFORMASI: NECESSITY AND THE “DE-CENTERING” OF DEMOCRACY Leonard C. Sebastian, Jonathan Chen and Adhi Priamarizki* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: TRANSITIONAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA ......................................... 2 R II. NECESSITY MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT FOR DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA .................... 7 R III. NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ................... 12 R A. What Necessity Inevitably Entailed: Changes to Defining Features of the New Order ............. 12 R 1. Military Reform: From Dual Function (Dwifungsi) to NKRI ......................... 13 R 2. Taming Golkar: From Hegemony to Political Party .......................................... 21 R 3. Decentralizing the Executive and Devolution to the Regions................................. 26 R 4. Necessary Changes and Beyond: A Reflection .31 R IV. NON NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ............. 32 R A. After Necessity: A Political Tug of War........... 32 R 1. The Evolution of Legislative Elections ........ 33 R 2. The Introduction of Direct Presidential Elections ...................................... 44 R a. The 2004 Direct Presidential Elections . 47 R b. The 2009 Direct Presidential Elections . 48 R 3. The Emergence of Direct Local Elections ..... 50 R V. 2014: A WATERSHED ............................... 55 R * Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator, Indonesia Pro- gramme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of In- ternational Studies, Nanyang Technological University, -
Trans-Boundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia: Sustainability Through Plural Environmental Governance
sustainability Article Trans-Boundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia: Sustainability through Plural Environmental Governance Md Saidul Islam 1,*, Yap Hui Pei 2 and Shrutika Mangharam 1 1 Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332; [email protected] 2 Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +65-6592-1519 Academic Editor: Marc A. Rosen Received: 29 February 2016; Accepted: 13 May 2016; Published: 21 May 2016 Abstract: Recurrent haze in Southeast Asian countries including Singapore is largely attributable to rampant forest fires in Indonesia due to, for example, extensive slash-and-burn (S & B) culture. Drawing on the “treadmill of production” and environmental governance approach, we examine causes and consequences of this culture. We found that, despite some perceived benefits, its environmental consequences include deforestation, soil erosion and degradation, global warming, threats to biodiversity, and trans-boundary haze pollution, while the societal consequences comprise regional tension, health risks, economic and productivity losses, as well as food insecurity. We propose sustainability through a plural coexistence framework of governance for targeting S & B that incorporates strategies of incentives, education and community resource management. Keywords: slash-and-burn; environmental governance; haze; Indonesia; plural coexistence; global warming; Singapore 1. Introduction The world’s rapidly growing population has been a long-standing cause of concern amongst both economists and environmentalists alike. There is an increasing demand for agricultural and urban spaces to sustain the ever-multiplying demographics. However, due to limited availability of space, the trend of clearing forests to make way for cultivable land has been gaining popularity [1]. -
Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Science and Technology: Addressing Current and Emerging Development Challenges LIST of PARTICI
Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Science and Technology: Addressing Current and Emerging Development Challenges IAEA Headquarters Vienna, Austria 28–30 November 2018 Organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IAEA-CN-262 Afghanistan Page 2 of 59 Afghanistan Experts Head of Delegation Mr Paci, Rustem Radiation Protection Office of the Institute of Public HE Ms Ebrahimkhel, Khojesta Fana Health Ambassador TIRANA Permanent Mission of Afghanistan ALBANIA VIENNA AUSTRIA Algeria Members of Delegation Head of Delegation Mr Akbari, Ali Sadiq HE Ms Mebarki, Faouzia Boumaiza Permanent Mission of Afghanistan Ambassador VIENNA Permanent Mission of Algeria to the IAEA AUSTRIA VIENNA AUSTRIA Ms Neri, Isabella Permanent Mission of Afghanistan Members of Delegation VIENNA Mr Adjabi, Mourad AFGHANISTAN Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr Poyesh, Mohammad Naeem ALGIERS Permanent Mission of Afghanistan ALGERIA VIENNA Mr Lebbaz, Larbi Abdelfattah AUSTRIA Permanent Mission of Algeria to the IAEA Mr Qarar, Ahmad Zakir VIENNA Permanent Mission of Afghanistan AUSTRIA VIENNA Mr Mahdaoui, Oualid AUSTRIA Permanent Mission of Algeria to the IAEA Mr Safawi, Azizurrahman VIENNA Permanent Mission of Afghanistan AUSTRIA VIENNA Mr Moulla, Adnane AUSTRIA COMENA Albania ALGIERS ALGERIA Head of Delegation Mr Remadna, Mohamed HE Mr Hasani, Igli Ministry of Energy Ambassador ALGIERS Permanent Mission of Albania to the IAEA ALGERIA VIENNA AUSTRIA Mr Remki, Merzak COMENA Alternate Head of Delegation ALGIERS ALGERIA Mr Resuli, Adhurim Permanent -
BAB II RIWAYAT HIDUP SYADID ABDULLAH MUSA A. Sekilas
BAB II RIWAYAT HIDUP SYADID ABDULLAH MUSA A. Sekilas tentang Surabaya Syadid Abdullah Musa lahir di Surabaya Kota metropolitan ke dua setelah Ibu Kota. Surabaya berasal dari cerita mitos masyarakat yaitu pertempuran antara sura (ikan hiu) dan baya (buaya). Kota Surabaya merupakan kota terbesar kedua setelah Jakarta. Surabaya sebagai ibukota provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia dengan penduduk metropolisnya yang 10 mencapai 3 juta jiwa. Surabaya merupakan pusat bisnis, perdagangan, industri dan pendidikan di kawasan timur. Surabaya juga terkenal dengan sebutan Kota Pahlawan karena sejarahnya yang sangat diperhitungkan dalam perjuangan merebut kemerdekaaan bangsa Indonesia dari penjajah. Secara geografis, Surabaya terletak di tepi pantai utara provinsi Jawa Timur. Wilayahnya berbatasan dengan Selat Madura di utara dan timur, Kabupaten Sidoarjo di Selatan, serta kabupaten Gresik di Barat.11 Pada abad ke-15 Islam mulai menyebar dengan pesat di Surabaya. Salah satu anggota wali sanga yaitu Sunan Ampel yang membangun masjid disana dan mendirikan perkampungan sehingga mayoritas penduduk di sekitar Ampel adalah Islam. Penyebaran Islam di Indonesia adalah salah satunya melalui jalur perdagangan, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa pedagang dari Gujarat, Arab, India dan Cina yang berdagang sekaligus melakukan penyebaran agama Islam baik dengan cara melakukan perkawinan dengan penduduk pribumi maupun dengan dakwah yang lainnya. Kondisi yang 10 Zaenuddin HM, Asal-Usul Kota-Kota di Indonesia Tempo Doeloe (Jakarta: PT Zaytuna Ufuk Abadi, 2014), 521-526 11 Ibid., digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 16 demikian juga dijadikan peluang oleh ayah dari Syadid Abdullah Musa untuk mendirikan majalah Al Muslimun dan disinilah peran syadid Abdullah Musa dalam mengembangkan majalah Al-Muslimun. -
Stunting Determinant on Toddler Age of 12–24 Months in Singaparna Public Health Center Tasikmalaya Regency
Global Medical and Health Communication Online submission: http://ejournal.unisba.ac.id/index.php/gmhc GMHC. 2019;7(3):224–31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v7i3.3673 pISSN 2301-9123 │ eISSN 2460-5441 RESEARCH ARTICLE Stunting Determinant on Toddler Age of 12–24 Months in Singaparna Public Health Center Tasikmalaya Regency Erwina Sumartini,1,2 Dida Akhmad Gurnida,3 Eddy Fadlyana,3 Hadi Susiarno,4 Kusnandi Rusmil,3 Jusuf Sulaeman Effendi4 1Midwifery Master Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 2Diploma 3 Midwifery Study Program, STIKes Respati, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, 3Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/ Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Stunting is a physical growth failure condition signed by height based on age under −2SD. The research goal is knowing the dominant factor associated with stunting on toddler age of 12–24 months in the working area of Singaparna Public Health Center Tasikmalaya regency. The research applies to the cross-sectional design of gender, weight, exclusive breastfeeding history, completeness immunization, and clinically healthy variables, while case- control is for nutrition intake variable. The sample was a total sampling of 376 toddlers, then 30 for case and control group with the simple random method from December 2017 to February 2018. The instrument is a questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and infantometer. Data analyzed in several ways; univariable, bivariable with chi-square, and multivariable with logistic regression. Research result shows stunting prevalence was 22.5%, next pertain factor of stunting are gender (POR=0.564, 95% CI=0.339–0.937, p value=0.011), exclusive breastfeeding giving history (POR=1.46, 95% CI=1.00–2.14, p value=0.046), and clinically health (POR=1.47, 95% CI=1.00–2.16, p value=0.044). -
The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance:A Case of Employees
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VII, Issue XI, November 2020 | ISSN 2321–2705 The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance: A Case of Employees in Sub-District Bangil, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia Akhmad Barizi, Wiyarni Wiyarni*, Didik Priyo Sugiharto Postgraduate STIE Malangkucecwara Malang, East Java, Indonesia Correspondent Author* Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of effective manner. The administration of government and salaries, working conditions, employee relationships, national development that runs smoothly, orderly, steadily and organizational policies, and personal improvement on employee effectively requires government officials that capable of performance in Sub-District Bangil, Pasuruan, East Java, implementing, encouraging, smoothing and directing efforts Indonesia. The population of this study was 71 employees of the to achieve national development goals. Sub-District Bangil. This study uses a census for sampling method, because the entire population is used as the sample. To The sub-district office as one of the lowest institutions in the test the hypothesis, multiple linear regression analysis was used government within the scope of Pasuruan Regency has a with the F test and t test. The results of this study are as follows: vision of "Towards a prosperous, beneficial and competitive (1) salary has a significant effect on performance (2) working Pasuruan Regency". In carrying out the government activities, condition has a significant effect on performance; (3) the relationship between employees has a significant effect on the potential of employees in the sub-district always performance; (4) organizational policy has no significant effect consolidate, integrate and simplicity activities by prioritizing on performance; and (5) personal improvement has a significant good service to the community, regional stability and effect on performance.Based on these findings, it is advisable for successful governance and development. -
Chapter 2 Political Development and Demographic Features
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/36062 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Xiaodong Xu Title: Genesis of a growth triangle in Southeast Asia : a study of economic connections between Singapore, Johor and the Riau Islands, 1870s – 1970s Issue Date: 2015-11-04 Chapter 2 Political Development and Demographic Features A unique feature distinguishing this region from other places in the world is the dynamic socio-political relationship between different ethnic groups rooted in colonial times. Since then, both conflict and compromise have occurred among the Europeans, Malays and Chinese, as well as other regional minorities, resulting in two regional dichotomies: (1) socially, the indigenous (Malays) vs. the outsiders (Europeans, Chinese, etc.); (2) politically, the rulers (Europeans and Malay nobles) vs. those ruled (Malays, Chinese). These features have a direct impact on economic development. A retrospective survey of regional political development and demographic features are therefore needed to provide a context for the later analysis of economic development. 1. Political development The formation of Singapore, Johor and the Riau Islands was far from a sudden event, but a long process starting with the decline of the Johor-Riau Sultanate in the late eighteenth century. In order to reveal the coherency of regional political transformations, the point of departure of this political survey begins much earlier than the researched period here. Political Development and Demographic Features 23 The beginning of Western penetration (pre-1824) Apart from their geographical proximity, Singapore, Johor and the Riau Islands had also formed a natural and inseparable part of various early unified kingdoms in Southeast Asia. -
Companies Investigated Over Forest Fires in Riau
DOKUMENTASI ARTIKEL DAN BERITA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SURAT KABAR : JAKARTA POST EDISI : 4 /MARET/2014 SUBYEK : KEBAKARAN HUTAN Companies investigated over forest fires in Riau The Riau Police are looking for companies or financiers believed to have hired farmers and residents to clear trees by fire. “We are searching for the financiers,” Riau Police chief Brig. Gen. Condro Kirono told the media at a coordinated meeting at the Riau Haze Disaster Mitigation command post at Roesmin Nurjadin Air Base in Pekanbaru on Monday. He said the police had also instructed residents, especially those living in areas prone to forest fires, not to clear land by burning. The measure, added Condro, was expected to raise awareness of the health hazards from haze as a result of forest and peatland fires. The Riau Police earlier named 40 suspects implicated in forest and peatland fires in various regencies and cities across the province. “They were caught and immediately named suspects over the past few weeks,” said Riau Forest Fire Task Force leader Sr. Comr. Estuning. Estuning added that the police were investigating 31 forest and peatland fires in a number of regencies and municipalities in Riau. On Saturday, Coordinating People’s Welfare Minister Agung Laksono said that local and Singaporean companies were responsible for the haze plaguing Sumatra. Singapore responded to Agung’s statement by demanding to know the names of the Singaporean companies or individuals and the evidence against them.Meanwhile in Jambi, 17 hotspots were detected on Monday, four of them in Batanghari regency, three in West Tanjungjabung, six in East Tanjungjabung and two each in Muarojambi and Tebo. -
E:\Buku-Buku\Postcript\Edisi 7\
Monthly Political and Economic Analysis the house divided Vol. I, No. 7, November 2004 Editor’s Note Learning From The 1 Tragedy in Thailand:10 The House Divided: Quo Vadis The Asean The Conflict Between 3 Way? The National and People’s Coalition in Modest Lifestyle versus The Parliament Corruption 14 The United Indonesia Report on Discussion: Cabinet: The Structure and 17 The End of Coalition7 Composition of The with the People? New Cabinet: Challenges, Hopes, and Reality P O L I T I C S THE HOUSE DIVIDED: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND PEOPLE’S COALITION IN THE PARLIAMENT ndonesians are still celebrating the success of the 2004 General Elections and the establishment of the new cabinet. However, I the celebration is disturbed with the dispute among members of the parliament (DPR), which is divided into two coalitions, the People’s Coalition supporting Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the National Coalition as the opposition. The disagreement in the parliament was foreseeable the moment the National Coalition was established back in September to support the candidacy of the incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri, as five major and medium-sized parties joined forces to support Megawati in the presidential election. The two coalitions are now fighting for positions in the DPR commission leadership. It has been more than one month since members of the parliament were sworn in on October 1, 2004. However, not much has been accomplished by the DPR, because the commissions have not yet been confirmed. In fact, the creation of the commissions itself was the main trigger to the dispute between the two coalitions. -
Download the Symposium Program (PDF)…
The Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music, in its 50th Anniversary Year, presents THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on the MALAY MUSICAL ARTS OF INDONESIA’S RIAU ISLANDS Theme: Sound, Body Movement, Drama and Hierarchy in the Malay World/ Suara, Gerak Tubuh, Drama dan Hirarki dalam Seni Musik Kepulauan Riau Date: Wednesday 14th to Friday 16th January, 2015 Place: The Music Auditorium, Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Melbourne Actress Uci Saptarini in her princess’ costume making up the face of one of her ladies-in-waiting before a mendu theatre performance on Bunguran Island, Natuna, Riau Islands Province, 20 January 2013. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas. 1 BACKGROUND: The Symposium will investigate sound, body movement, drama, hierarchy and socio-historical context in the musical arts of (i) the mainly Muslim Malays who live on the more accessible, partly industrialising islands of the Riau archipelago (Kepri) and (ii) the Orang Suku Laut/Sea Nomads living in areas that are relatively untouched by modernisation. Both the sedentary and the sea-nomadic Malays are heirs to the arts of the Riau-Lingga-Johor & Pahang kingdom (its official name in the Riau Islands) which formerly covered the present-day province of Kepri. The kingdom traces its heritage back to Bukit Siguntang (Siguntang Hill) in the 7th century CE, followed by its subsequent re-locations in Bintan, Singapore, Melaka, Johor, Pahang and Daik- Lingga, including that of the Viceroy at Penyengat from the mid- to late- 18th century until 1911. The Symposium will adopt an across-the-arts approach in its study of the styles and syntax of the music, dance, theatre, bardic arts, martial arts, and popular commercial arts in relation to the Kepri people’s history; lifestyles; royal Malay heritage; religious, socio-political and gender ideologies, and the sustainability of the arts. -
50156-001: Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Project
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report (ANDAL) Project Number: 50156-001 October 2013 INO: Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Project Prepared by PT Greencap NAA Indonesia for PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (PT SEML) This environmental impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Term of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environmental Impact Assessment (ANDAL) Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant in South Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province October, 2013 Environmental Impact Assessment (ANDAL) Geothermal Development Activities for the 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) in South Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province October, 2013 PREFACE PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (PT SEML), a company owned by PT Supreme Energy, GDF Suez (a company domiciled in France), and Sumitomo Corporation (a company domiciled in Japan), plan to conduct "Geothermal Development Activities for the 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant in South Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province". The planned Geothermal Development Activities generally include the development and operation of geothermal power plant and the construction of supporting facilities. It is expected that the planned activities will give benefits in supporting the policy of Indonesian Government on energy diversification. -
Homo Sacer: Ahmadiyya and Its Minority Citizenship (A Case Study of Ahmadiyya Community in Tasikmalaya)
Homo Sacer: Ahmadiyya and Its Minority Citizenship (A Case Study of Ahmadiyya Community in Tasikmalaya) Ach. Fatayillah Mursyidi1*, Zainal Abidin Bagir2, Samsul Maarif3 1 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] * Correspondence Received: 2020-08-27; Accepted: 2020-11-30; Published: 2020-12-30 Abstract: Citizenship is among the notions mostly contested after the collapse of a long-standing authoritarian regime in 1998. The reform era – after 1998 - radically transformed Indonesia into a democratic country and brought many other issues including minority issues into the forefront. Unlike other countries that draw their citizenship on a clear formula between religious and secular paradigm, Indonesia, due to ambivalence of its religion-state relation, exhibits fuzzy color of citizenship that leaves space for majority domination over the minority. In consequence, the status of Ahmadiyya for instance, as one of an Islamic minority group, is publicly questioned both politically and theologically. Capitalized by two Indonesian prominent scholars, Burhani (2014) and Sudibyo (2019), I conducted approximately one-month field research in Tasikmalaya and found that what has been experienced by Ahmadiyya resembles Homo Sacer in a sense that while recognised legally through constitutional laws, those who violate their rights are immune to legal charges. This leads to nothing but emboldening the latter to persistently minoritise the former in any possible ways. Keywords: Ahmadiyya; Citizenship; Homo Sacer; Minority; Tasikmalaya. Abstrak: Kewarganegaraan termasuk di antara istilah yang kerap diperdebatkan pasca peristiwa runtuhnya rezim otoriter yang lama berkuasa pada tahun 1998.