General Index

Home , Bathycrinus, Burlington Limestone, Dunleith Formation, Echmatocrinus, Glen Dean Limestone, Hampton Formation

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-52440-7 - Fossil Crinoids Hans Hess, William I. Ausich, Carlton E. Brett and Michael J. Simms Index More information

General Index

Aalenian, 203 Antelope Spring, xiv Bahamas, 223, 237, 240, 241 aboral, 4, 5, 7 anus, 3, 23, 56, 79, 80, 143 Bailey Formation, 97, 98 aboral cup, 3, 17 apical cirrus, 16 Bajocian, 203–205 abyssal 240, 244 Appalachian Basin, 92 Bakony, 167 Acadian, 46, 134 aragonite, 223, 247 Banan Formation, 43 accretion disc, 13 arborescent bryozoan(s), 199 banana plantation, 181 acrothoracian barnacles, 170, 198 Arbuckle Mountains, 44 Banff Formation, 52 active ﬁlter feeder, 29 archaeogastropods, 56, 79 Bangor Limestone, 46 adoral, 4, 5 Arenig, 38 barnacles, 170, 198 Aegean, 165 areola, 7, 8 barnacle-like, 241 Agricola, Georgius, 164 argillaceous rocks, 247 Bartels Collection, 119, 121 algae, 45, 52, 66, 89, 195, 223 Argovian, 47 basal, 18 algal mats, 104, 195 Arkona Shale, 53, 129–131 basal circlet, 24, 38 Algonquin Arch, 105 Armorican Massif, 184 basal disc, 13 all or nothing rule, 180 arms, 24–30 basal tubercle, 16 Alnif, 95 arms, branching, 27, 28, 159, 181, 189 basket star, 27 ambulacra, 3 arthropods, 112–114, 184 Basleo Beds, 22, 161 ambulacral epidermis, 4 articular facet, 8–12, 16, 26, 151 Bassett, D. A., 146 ambulacral furrows, 20 articulation, 4, 5, 7, 9–12, 15, 24–26 Bassler, R. S., 75 ambulacral groove, 5, 22, 23, 153 Artinskian, 162, 163 Bath Freestone, 197 ambulacral plates, 29 Arzo, 41 Bathonian, 47, 59, 197–199, 205, 212 ambulacrals, 23 Ashgill, 42 Bavaria, 54, 216 American Museum of Natural History, 108, asteroids, 31, 42, 75, 88, 137, 167, 212, 218 Bayerische Staatssammlungen fu¨r Pala¨ontolo- 109 asymmetry, 21, 47, 243 gie und historische Geologie, 120, 224 ammonia, 127 atomous arms, 42, 156, 163 Beane, B. H., 136, 138 ammonites, 47, 86, 177, 184, 221, 226 atrypids, 123 Beecher, Charles, 103 ammonoids, 114 attachment, 10, 12–15, 114, 181 Beecher slab, 104 anal plates, 17, 23, 32, 33, 35, 36, 153 attachment disc, 13, 42, 180 Belbek valley, 48 anal pyramid, 20, 23 Ausable River, 129, 130 belemnites, 184 anal sac, 20, 22, 23, 35, 36, 40, 66, 71, 79, Australia, 160–163, 226 Bellevue Formation, 75 89, 117, 125, 133, 152, 160 Austroalpine faunal province, 166 Bellman Quarry, 46 anal tube, 5, 20, 23, 24, 57, 99, 114, 141, 143– autecology, 55 Beloit College, 138 145, 151, 227 autochthonous, 45, 222 benthic, 7, 53, 88, 153, 179, 194, 221, 231 anal X, 40 autotomy, autotomization, 30, 37, 107, 174, Berriasian, 48 anchorage, 15, 125, 174, 179 179, 189, 201, 218 Besleo ϭ Basleo, 22 anchor-like holdfast, 14, 15 axial canal, 13, 16, 99, 171, 173 Beuthen, 164 Anchor Limestone, 45 axillary, 28 bicarbonate cements, 127 Anisian, 165 bifascial, 10, 25 annelids, 198 bactritids, 129 bifrons Zone, 183, 191 anoxic conditions, 53, 179, 195, 223, 231 Bad Boll, 183 bilateral symmetry, 20, 35 Antarctic Peninsula, 233, 234 Bahama Bank, 223 bioclastic limestone, 83, 197, 199, 248

263

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-52440-7 - Fossil Crinoids Hans Hess, William I. Ausich, Carlton E. Brett and Michael J. Simms Index More information

264 GENERAL INDEX

bioherms, 45, 48, 81, 169 Burlington Shelf, 140 coccoliths, 184, 216, 221, 223, 248 biomicrite, 248 burrowers, 50, 74, 179 coelom, 4, 7 biosparite, 248 burrowing bivalves, 195 coelomic canal, 4 biostrome, 47, 105 burrows, 74, 209, 223 Coeymans Formation, Limestone, 52, 103– bioturbation, bioturbated, 63, 89, 195, 209 byssus, byssal, 169, 171, 174, 195 105 Birmenstorf Beds, 47 coiled stem, 12 biserial, 28, 30 calcarenite, 63, 248 collagen fibrils, 16 biserially pinnulate, 27, 36 calcareous marl, 247 colonies, 122, 135, 181, 209, 212, 231 Bithynian, 165 calcareous shale, 63, 87, 248 column, 4 bituminous, 93, 183, 194 calcite endoskeleton, 3 columnals, 5, 7 bivalves, 56, 170, 179, 183, 195, 199, 215, Caleb family, 87 commensal, commensalism, 55–58, 125 236 callianassid crustacean, 215 competition, 12, 55 Blackriveran, 42 Callytharra Springs, 163 compound radials, 35 black shales, 43, 53, 63, 99, 155, 183 calyx, calyces, 4, 17–19 cones, 19 Black Ven, Black Ven Marls, 25, 177 Cambrian, 7, 38 connective tissue, 4, 5, 50 blastozoans, 13, 31 Campanian, 47 contractile tissue, 13 blood vessel, 5 Cape Girardeau, 97 Coplow Quarry, 46 Blue Mountain, 64 Caput Medusae, 183 coprophagous, 56, 80, 123 Blumennester, 174 Caradocian, 63 corals, 6, 13, 43, 45, 48, 56, 57 Bobcaygeon Formation, 69 carbonate sediments, 45, 52, 247 Corey, O. W., 146 Bohemia, 97, 166, 217 Carboniferous, 23, 31, 39, 40, 43, 45, 57 Corey’s Bluff, 146 Bohemian Massif, 184 Carden Quarry, 68 Corryville Formation, 78 Bond Formation, 155 Carlile Shale, 225 Cotswolds, 199 Bonifatiuspfennige, 164 Carnian, 43, 47, 167, 176 Crailsheim, 164, 167, 169 Borden Formation, Group, 58, 146 carpoid, 108 Crailsheim Member, 165, 167, 169 borehole, 56, 58, 174 Cedarville Dolomite, 45 Crawfordsville, 45, 53, 145 Boruszowice Beds, 165 Celtic facies, 205 crayfish, 217 bothriocidaroids, 42 cementation, 53, 63, 72, 107, 127, 171, 200 creeping roots, 13 boulders, 247 cemented attachment, 12 crenulae, 8, 11 brachials, 18, 24–28 Cenomanian, 242 crenularium, 12 brachioles, 133 Cenozoic, 42 Cretaceous, 47, 48, 53, 54, 225 brachiopods, 65, 89, 123, 129 Centennial Road, 129 Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary, 223 brachitaxis, 28 central canal, 7, 10, 16 Crimea, 42, 48, 59 Bradford Clay, 197 centrodorsal, 15, 16, 37, 48, 212, 233 crinoid lenses, 52, 177 Bradford hardground, 198, 200 cephalopods, 114, 221, 225 crinoidal limestone, 41, 52, 73 Bradford-on-Avon, 197 Chadian, 45 crown, 4, 12, 27, 42 Bradley, F. H., 146 Chalk, chalk, 37, 46, 53, 225, 226, 231, 232, crustacean, 200, 215, 217 Brassel, G., 121 248 cryptodicyclic, 36 Braun, Frederick, 87 Charmouth, 25, 178, 181 cryptosymplexy, cryptosymplectial, 9, 15, 26, Brechin, 68 chert, 135, 248 175, 142 Bridlington, 46 Chesterian, 46 crypto-synarthrial, 218 Bristol City Museum, 198 chitinoclastic bacteria, 54 cup, 3, 4, 17 brittle stars, 206 chonetids, 123, 129 cyanobacteria, 192, 224 Broccatello, 41 ciliated, 3, 4 cyclical sedimentation, 46, 155 Brockport, 87 Cincinnati, 63, 75 cyclocrinitids, 66 Broili, Ferdinand, 120 Cincinnati Arch, 105 cyclocystoids, 42, 75 Bromide Formation, 44 Cincinnatian, 75, 76 cyclothem, 155, 157 Brownsport Formation, 44 circlet, 17, 31, 32, 35–38 cystoids, 56, 87, 105, 114 bryozoan, bryozoans, 65, 89, 124 circular columnals, 11 Buckland, William, 177 circum-Antarctic current, 234 Dachschiefer, 111 Buffalo Museum, 92 cirral, 16 Dakota Formation, 225 bulb, 15, 96–102 cirri, 4, 5, 7, 9, 15–17 Dakota Sandstone, 227 Bundenbach, 111–114, 117, 119–121 cirrinodal, 7, 37, 175 Danian, 233 Bundesanstalt fu¨r Geowissenschaften und cirrus lobolith, 95, 98 Days Corners Quarry, 104 Rohstoffe Berlin, 176 cirrus socket, 16 Dayville Member, 104 Buntsandstein, 165 cladistic, 174 Deansboro Member, 104 buoy, 15, 98 classification, 31, 32, 38, 42 death tracks, 217 buoyancy, 12, 102, 167, 189, 221 clastic sediments, 162, 247 decapods, 217 Burgen in Endre, 86 clay, 247 Decew Formation, 88 Burgess Shale, 38 Clinton Group, 87 Deep Run Shale, 122 Burgundy Gate, 166 clionid sponges, 198 Deep Sea Drilling Project, 224 Burgundy Platform, 205, 211 Clitheroe, 45, 46 dehydration, 223 Burgundy Strait, 167 Clitheroe Castle Museum, 46 Denmark Member, 64, 65 Burleigh Hill Member, 87 Coal Measures, 155 density, arm branching, 27 Burlington Limestone, 41, 52, 139–143 coccolithophorids, 221, 223 Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, 121

GENERAL INDEX 265

Develier, 204 Fairmount Formation, 78 Gerolstein, 45 Devonian, 13, 15, 38, 45, 93, 103, 111, 122, Falang Formation, 43 Girvan district, 42 129 falciferum Zone, 183, 191 Givetian, 45, 122, 129 diagenesis, 42, 127, 223 Famennian, 39 glacio-eustatic, 155 diastem, 248 Fall Brook, 122 Glen Dean Limestone, 46 dicyclic, 18 Fassanian, 165 Glenmark Shale, 88 digestive system, tract, 3, 17, 79 favositid corals, 105 Gmu¨nd, 52 dioecious, 30 Faüle, 216, 224, 248 Gogolin, 165, 174 Diplopora Dolomite, 165 feather stars, 237 Gogolin Beds, 165 diploporans, 31 feeding, 26 Golden Cap, 179 disarticulation, 23, 50, 179 feeding strategies, 26, 55 gonads, 24, 30 discoidal holdfast, 71, 117, 134, 174 fenestrates, 123 goniatites, 129 distal, 5, 7, 8 Fennoskandia, 166 Gorazdze Beds, 165 diversification, 38, 176, 237 Fern Glen Formation, 140 gorgonocephalid ophiuroids, 27 division series, 16, 28 Field Museum of Natural History, 80, 138, Gotland, 52, 81 Dolomites, 176 144, 154, 241 grade groups, 37 Domerian, 41 Fiji, xi grainstone, 46, 248 dorsal, 5 filament, 16, 17 Grand Bahama Island, xii dorsal cups, 233 filtration fan, xii, 25–28, 241 Grande Comore, 242 Dorset, 44, 177 Finger Lakes, 122 Graneros Shale, 225 Dotternhausen, 183 firmground, 167, 248 grapnel-like holdfast, 15 Dotternhausen Werkforum, 191, 196 fishes, 221, 226, 238 grappling devices, 13 Dra Plain, 93 fists, 20 graptolites, 93 Drake Passage, 234 fistuliporoid bryozoans, 123, 125 graptolitic shales, 93 driftwood, 44, 51, 177–182, 184, 185, 189, fixed (brachials, interbrachials, interradials, gravity flow, 223 233 pinnulars), 18, 24, 30, 32 Great Barrier Reef, 237 Dudley, 43 Flat Creek Shale, 64 Great Lakes, 45 Dudley Castle, 43 Fleins, 183 Great Meteor Bank, 242 Dudley Museum and Art Gallery, 43 flexibility, 10, 15, 24 green algae, 52 Dunleith Formation, 42 flexible ligament, 10 Greenhorn Limestone, 225 dysaerobic, 63, 66 Flinz, 216, 223 gregarious, 171, 212, 231 floating, 22, 47, 98, 178–181, 189, 218, 230 Grenville, 73 East Carpathian Gate, 166 floating log, 180, 189, 192 growth, growth rate, 7, 24, 46, 171, 181, 189, echinoid(s), 44, 48, 52, 55, 161, 196, 233 flying reptiles, 183, 217 206 ecological niche, 55, 86, 153 Follingbo, 83, 85 Guadalupian, 161 ectoderm, 24 food-gathering, 3–5, 24, 26 Guam, 238 Edenian, 75, 78 food groove, 4, 21, 26, 27, 221, 230 Guanling, 43 edrioasteroids, 71, 90, 108 food processing, 19 Guizhou, 43 Edwardsville Formation, 45, 53, 145 foraminifera, 170, 184, 195, 225, 248 Gulf Coast, 47 eel grass, 231, 238 Forest Marble Formation, 197, 203 Gull River Formation, 69 Eichsta¨tt, 216, 217, 223, 224 Fort Hayes Limestone, 227 Gundolding, 216 Eifel, 45, 117 Fort Payne Formation, 54, 154 Gutendorf, 173 Eifelian, 45 Franconian Alb, 183 gypsum, 225 Eke Beds, 82 Frasnian, 38 gyre, 182 Elkader, 226 Freyburg an der Unstrut, 173 Elkhorn Formation, 75 Fringelites, 51 haemal system, 4, 17 Emsian, 111 fulcral ridge, 9, 11, 15, 25, 151 Hainzen, 183 encrinite, 41, 46, 52, 140, 145 fulcrum, 10, 25 Hall, James, 135 Encrinus Platten, 169 Hallsta¨tter Kalk, 47 encrusting algae, 195 Gagat, 184 Hamilton Group, 53, 122, 129 endoskeleton, 3 Gaismu¨hle, 167 Hampton Formation, 135 endotomous, 28, 43, 181, 189 Galena Group, 42 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Eocene, 233, 234 gall, 55, 58 240 epidermis, 4, 86 galleried stereom, 5 hardground, 14, 42, 47, 52, 68, 108, 174, epithelial cells, 5, 16 gap (pinnules), 28 198, 238, 248 epizoan, 56–59 Gascoyne River, 162 Harenberg, Johann Christophorus, 164 Erfoud, 93, 94 gastropods, 56, 79, 123, 125, 131 Haroum, 93 Erkerode, 164 Gemu¨nden, 111, 117 Hassmersheim Member, 167, 169 Eschenbach-Bocksberg, 119–121 Gelbe Basisschichten Member, 173 Hauff Museum, 184, 196 eustatic sea level, 75, 155 genital cord, 5 Hauptrogenstein, 52, 205 evolution, 31, 98, 107, 162 genital pinnule, 29, 30 Helderberg Group, 104 evolutionary history, 31, 38 Geologisch-Palaöntologisches Institut und Hemse reefs, 81 Museum Universita¨t Go¨ttingen, 94, 102, Herkimer County, 103 faecal, 5, 23, 56, 248 176 heteromorphic stem, 97, 107 faeces, 221 Germanic Basin, 166, 174 heterotomous branching, 27, 189, 209

266 GENERAL INDEX

hexactinellid sponges, 166 Jerusalem Hill, 103 Liberty Formation, 78 Hexengeld, 164 jet, 184 lichenocrinid, 42, 76, 78 Hicks, Jason, 104 Jew Stones, 164 Liesberg, 51 Hiemer, 183 Jissoumour, 95 Liesberg Beds, 6, 51 Hierlatz limestone, 41 Johnson Sea Link submersible, xii Liestal, 203 high-energy environments, 12, 52, 66, 74, Jura Museum Eichsta¨tt, 224 ligament, 3, 5, 7, 9–11, 16, 24–26, 50 108, 197, 209 Jurassic, 21, 36, 37, 40–42, 44, 47, 48, 53, 59, ligament fossa, 116 Hildesheim, 164 177, 183, 197, 203, 216 ligament pit, 25 hinged crown, 13 juvenile, 12, 95, 99, 114, 170, 206, 218, 232 lignitized driftwood, 191 Ho¨gklint Beds, 81 limestone, 41, 247 Hogsty Reef, 240 Kalkberg Formation, 104 lime mudstone, 63, 72, 216, 248 Hohlwurzel,13 Karkovice Beds, 165 Lindsay Formation, 64, 69 holdfast, 13–15 Kashong Creek, 122 Litchfield, 103 Holocrinus-Bank, 165 Kashong Member, 123 lithification, 198 holothurians, 114, 167, 218 Kaub, 113 lithography, 216 holothurian sclerites, 47 Keasey Formation, 233 living fossils, 21, 241 Holston Formation, 41 Kelheim, 216, 222 Livingstone County, 156 Holzmaden, 184, 196 Kennet and Avon Canal, 197 Lizard Island, 237 homalozoans, 114 Keokuk Limestone, 41, 140, 154 Llandovery, Llandoverian, 38, 45, 81, 93, 96 Homerian, 87 kerogen, 194 lobolith, 15, 95, 98 Homocrinus Beds, 87–90 Keuper, 165 Lochen Beds, 47 Honduras, xi Kimmeridgian, 44 Lochkovian, 104 Hook Head, 43, 45 Kinderhookian, 135 Lockport, 87 Hook Head Formation, 43 Kirkfield, 68, 71 Lodgepole Formation, 45 Hopkinton Dolomite, 45 Kirkfield Limestone, 68 Logan County, 226 horseshoe crab, 217 klados,36 logs, 180, 184 Hottwil, 203, 212 Klingnau Formation, 205, 212 London-Brabant Massif, 166, 184 House Range, xiv Koblenzer, 183 London Clay, 233 Hovey, Horace, 145 Kogruk Formation, 41 Longobardian, 165 Humboldt University Berlin, 120, 176 Konglomeratba¨nke, 165 Lower Crinoid Beds, 207 Hungry Hollow Formation, 130 Kope Formation, 75 Lower Gogolin Beds, 174 Hunsru¨ck, 23, 53 Kotel Island, 30 Lower Hauptrogenstein, 208 Hunsru¨ck Slate, Hunstru¨ckschiefer, 45, 111 Krumme Lagen, 216, 223 Lower Oolitic Series, 205 Hunterian Museum, 43 Kueichow, 43 Lower Saxony, 164, 173 Huntington Dolomite, 45 Kutscher, F., 120 Loyaute´ Islands, 20 Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone, 216 Lucas County, 129 hydrocarbons, 184, 209 labyrinthic stereom, 5 Ludlow, 81, 93 hydropore, 37 Lachmund, Fridericus, 164 lumen, 10, 42, 58 hypersaline, hypersalinic, 54, 195, 223 Ladinian, 165 Lyme Regis, 177 Lady Burn Starfish Beds, 42 Iapetus Ocean, 43 Lagersta¨tten,xv Maastrichtian, 44 iceberg strategy, 231 lagoon, lagoonal, 6, 72, 104 Madison County, 63 Illinois Basin, 140, 154 Lake Simcoe, 68 Maghreb, 94 Illinois Geological Survey, 159 Lambton County, 129 malformation, 59 Illyrian, 165 lamellibranchs, 112, 189 Malm, 216 Indian Creek, 56, 146, 150 La Meseta Formation, 234 Manado, 5, 238 infauna, 117, 153, 167, 169, 174 Lancashire, 45 manganese, 223 infrabasal, 18, 38 Lane, Gary, 147 Manlius Formation, 103 infranodal, 26, 175, 176 Langenaltheim, 216 marl, 247 inoceramid clams, 225 La Pouza, 59 marl-clay, 247 Institut und Museum fu¨r Geologie und Pa- Lapworth Museum, 43 marly limestone, 247 laöntologie Universita¨t Tu¨bingen, 176, La Rochelle, 44 Martin, 226 190, 196 larvae, 12, 99, 171, 180 Maubisse Formation, 161 interbrachials, 19, 24, 32 larval, 22, 67, 99, 171, 180 Maxberg Museum, 224 internodals, 7–9 LaSalle Member, Limestone, 155 Maynes Creek Member, 135 interradial processes, 21 Laurentia, 63 Maysvillian, 75 interradials, 8, 19, 30, 32 Lausen Quarry, 206 Mazon Creek, 155 interradius, 19, 30 Lebanon, 54 McLeansboro Group, 155 Irondequoit, 88 Lebanon Limestone, 42 McMurdo, 4 iron oolites, 203 LeGrand, 51, 56, 135 Mecsek Mountains, 167 isotomous branching, 28 Lehmann, W. M., 121 Medusa Cement Company, quarries, 129 Lettenkeuper, 165 micrite, 248 Jago, 242 Leuthardt, Franz, 203 microcrinoids, 22, 30, 46 Jeddo Creek, 87 Lewiston Member, 87 microstructure, 3 jellyfish, 114, 217 Lias, liassic, 41, 183, 195 Middleport, 87

GENERAL INDEX 267

Mid-Llandovery, 93 neotenous, neoteny, 22, 40, 46 Palau, 238 Mill, 63 nervous system, 4, 7, 17 Paleocene ϭ Palaeocene, 233 Mississippian, 41, 45, 52, 135, 139, 145 Nevada, 41, 45, 163 Paleogene ϭ Palaeogene, 40, 233 mitrate, 108 New Caledonia, 6, 20, 47, 242 palms, 233 Model City Limestone, 88 New Genstar Cement Company, 129 Pangaea, 155 Mohawkian, 42, 44, 63 New Providence Shale, 46, 146, 154 papillae, 4 Mohawk River, 63 New York State Museum, 92, 110, 128 Papua New Guinea, 237 molasse, 65, 248 Niagara, Niagara Escarpment, 87 parabolic filtration fan, 25, 238–241 monaxon spicules, 170 Nickles, J. M., 75 paracrinoid, 42, 69 monocyclic, 18, 32 Niobrara Chalk, Formation, 53, 225 parasite, parasitism, 21, 47, 55, 56, 58 Monroe County, 153 nodals, 7, 8, 15 Parkinsoni Beds, 205 Monteagle Limestone, 46 non-pinnulate arms, 27, 30, 35, 36 pathological, 47, 58, 242 Montgomery County, 146 Norian, 47 pectinid bivalve, 6 Montme´dy, 44 Normandy, 44 pelagic, 37, 40, 46–48, 53, 86, 99, 114, 177, Moravia, 48 Northleach, 199 217, 221, 224, 230, 232 Mo¨rnsheim, 216 North Sea Central Swell, 166 pelmatozoans, 3, 5, 7, 31, 65 Morocco, 51, 93 Nottawasaga Group, 68 Pelsonian, 165 Morozaki Group, 234 Noumeá, 6 Pennington Formation, 46 mosasaurs, 226 Novosibirsk, 30 Pennsylvanian, 46, 155 Moscow Formation, 122 nuculids, 129 Pentacrinite Bed, 177 moulds, 42, 45, 226, 234 Nusplingen, 221 pentacrinoid stage, 13 Mount St Helens, 181, 189 nutrients, 24, 86, 99, 168, 195, 209 pentaradiate symmetry, 3, 17, 32 Mountain Lake Member, 44 perilumen, 151 mouth, 3, 4, 23, 24, 36 obrution, 52 peripheral cirrus, 16 Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, 43 obtusum Zone, 177 perisome, 33 mucus, 4 oesophagus, 3 peristaltic gut, 221 mudstone, 248 Ohmden, 183, 185, 191 Permian, 31, 40, 48, 160 Mud Creek, 122 Olenkian, 165 Persian Gulf, 198, 223 multi-armed, 24, 85, 238 Oligocene, 233, 234 petal, petals, 7, 185 multi-radiate stem, 37 Olney Member, 104 Pfalzpaint, 216 multi-plated bowl, 17 oncolitic limestone, 248 phenanthroperylene quinones, 51 Muschelkalk, 41, 48, 51, 164 Onondaga Escarpment, 87 phoronids, 176, 198 Muschelkalkmuseum Hagdorn Ingelfingen, Oolithba¨nke, 165 phylogeny, 31, 37 176 oolitic, 167, 173, 197, 205, 248 phytoplankton, 194, 209, 212, 223 muscles, 5, 24, 50 oomicrite, 248 Pienid Klippen Belt, 47 muscular articulations, 5, 25 oosparite, 248 Pierre Shale, 225 muscular fossae, 227 Opalinum Clay, 203 pigments, 51, 135 Museum am Besucherbergwerk Bundenbach, ophiuroids, 5, 27, 56, 57, 88, 218, 236 pinnular, 29, 171 120 Opitz collection, 120 pinnular muscle, 29 Museum fu¨r Geologie und Palaöntologie Tu¨- opposing spine, 16 pinnulation, 28 bingen, 171, 176, 228 oral, 4, 5, 16, 22, 24–26 pinnule gap, 28 Museum fu¨r Naturkunde Humboldt- oral pinnule, 5, 29, 30, 239 pinnule socket, 29, 219 Universita¨t, Berlin, 176 orals, 46 pinnules, 28 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Ordovician, 7, 9, 19, 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 49, planar filtration fan, 28 University, 139, 144, 232 63, 68, 75 plankton, 107, 172, 189, 212, 221, 238, 248 mutable collagenous tissue, 7, 30 Oregon, 234 planktonic, 15, 98, 195, 209, 225, 231, 232, Muttonville, 122 orientation, 5, 30, 51 244 myelodactylids, 15, 142 orthids, 89 planispirally coiled, 10, 142 Myophoria Beds, 165 Orthoceras limestone, 94 plate circlets, 17, 31 orthocone nautiloids, 93, 119 plate diagram, 33–37 nannoplankton, 231 Osagean, 45, 48, 140, 146, 153 platelets, 3, 4 Na¨r, 83, 86 ossicles, 3, 5, 10, 50 plate lobolith, 94, 98 Nardi, James, 122 Osteocrinus facies, 47 Plattenkalk, 54, 216 National Museum of Natural History, Smith- ostracodes, 104, 130, 184 platyceratid gastropods, platyceratids, 56, 79, sonian Institution, 80, 87, 92, 138, 144, Oued Ziz, 95 125, 131 154, 232 Ougarta chains, 93 plesiosaurs, 177, 183, 225 Naturhistorisches Museum (Natural History Oxfordian, 13, 40, 47, 59, 224 Pliensbachian, 41, 44, 49, 179 Museum) Basel, 102, 215 oyster beds, 225 pluricolumnals, 9, 42 Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, 86 podium, podia, 3, 5, 30 Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt a. packstone, 248 Pooleville Member, 44 Main, 102, 120, 191 Painten, 216 Posidonia Shale, Posidonienschiefer, 53, 183, Natural History Museum London, 43, 46, Palaeocene, 233 247 182, 202 palaeoecology, 55, 138, 147, 176, 197 posterior interradius, 19 Neckarwestheim, 167 Palaeogene, 40, 233 Pragian, 111 Neckarwestheim Member, 165 Palaöntologisches Museum Zu¨rich, 168 Prairie Bluff Chalk, 44

268 GENERAL INDEX

Precambrian Shield, 73 Rockaway, 88 Silesia, 164, 174 pre-formed rupture points, 15 Rocky Mountain Geosyncline, 226 Silesian-Moravian Gate, 166 predation, 7, 55, 163, 238, 242 Rogen, 205 Silica Shale, 129 Preussisches Geologisches Landesmuseum Rogoznik, 21, 47 siliceous sponges, 47 Berlin, 176 Rondout Formation, 104 siliciclastic, 247 Pridoli, Pridolian, 45, 93, 97 root, 6, 13–15, 51 silt, 247 primaxillary, 8 Rosinus, Michael Reinhold, 164 Silurian, 38, 43–46, 81, 86, 92 primibrachial, IBr, 8, 21, 28 Ro¨sna¨s Formation, 233 Simcoe Group, 64 protective morphology, 21 Ro¨t, 165 Sinemurian, 177, 189, 191 proximal, 5, 7, 8 Rosso Ammonitico, 42 skeletal limestone, 248 proxistele, 152 Rosso Ammonitico Lombardo, 42 skeleton, 3–5 pseudoplanktonic, 44, 179, 189, 191 Royal Ontario Museum, 74, 92 slate, 247 pteriniids, 108 Rundle Formation, 52 Slite Beds, 82 ptilodictyids, 69 runners, 13, 73 Smith, William, 197 pyrite, 53, 112, 177 Rust Member, 63, 66 Smithsonian Institution, 80, 92, 138, 144, pyritized, pyritization, 53, 112, 129, 134, 184, Rust Quarry, 65 154, 232 233 Smokey Hill Chalk, 227 Sadler Ranch Formation, 41 snowshoe-like, 231 Racine Dolomite, 45 Sakrau, 174 soft parts, 3 radial, 3, 5, 12, 18, 27, 32, 38 Salem Limestone, 46 Solnhofen, 54, 216 radial canals, 3 salinity, 55, 166, 174, 196, 223 Solnhofen Lithographic Limestone, Platten- radianal, 35, 36 Salthill Quarry, 46 kalk, 54, 216 radicular cirri, 11–15 sand, 247, 248 Sonnenra¨der, 164 radius, 8 sand waves, 42, 205, 206 Spatkalk, 204 radix, radices, 11, 13, 15 Santonian, 46, 226 spawning, 30, 230 Ra¨dersteine, 164 Sargasso Sea, 182 Spickert Knob Formation, 146 Ralingen, 165 Saurier-Museum, Aathal, 149 spicules, 98, 170 Ralingen-Kersch, 175 scavengers, 50, 54, 83, 117, 179, 202, 209, 236 spines, 22, 23, 43, 114, 125, 131, 143, 157, Ramp Creek Formation, 146 Schamhaupten, 216 215, 224 ramulate arms, 27, 107 Schaumkalk, 173 spiriferids, 89, 108, 123 ramus, 27 Schernfeld, 218, 222 Spiriferina-Bank, 165 raptorial feeding, 242 Schinznach Quarry, 205 Spirit Lake, 181 rays, 15, 28 Schleberoda, 173 sponge-algal mounds, 216, 222 Recent, 10, 237 Schlossparkmuseum Bad Kreuznach, 121 sponges, 26, 41, 47, 59, 114, 117, 166, 198, Recoaro, 174 Schuchert, Charles, 103 217, 237 rectum, 3 Schwa¨bisch Hall, 164, 170 spoon-like cup, 21, 47 recumbent, 12, 19, 36, 124, 142 Schwimmplatten, 221, 224 Springer Collection, 87, 92 red tides, 209 sclerites, 47, 114 Springer, Frank, 139 reef forms, 20, 48, 161 scuba, 238 squids, 184, 221 reef-knolls, 45 sea anemones, 209 Staatliches Museum fu¨r Naturkunde Stutt- Reef of Wittnau, 206 sea cucumber, xiii gart, 196 reefs, 13, 40, 45, 81, 105, 221, 237 sea floor, 4, 5, 12, 15, 27, 50, 53, 105, 114, 134 Staffordshire, 43 regeneration, 21, 24, 168, 175, 235, 238, 242 seamount, 20, 41, 48, 242 stalk, 4 Reichsstelle fu¨r Bodenforschung Berlin, 120 sea urchin, xiii stalked, xiii, xiv, 238, 240 reproductive system, 4, 30 secondary stereom, 14 starfish, xiii, 52 reradiation, 39 secundibrachial (IIBr), 8, 28 St. Boniface’s pennies, 164 respiration, 4, 24, 125 sedimentation rate, 14 stem, xiv, 4, 5 respiratory organs, 55 Seegrasschiefer, 195 stemless, xiv Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, 111 Senckenberg, 95, 189, 191 stemmed ϭ stalked Rhenish-Bohemian Massif, 217 Senefelder, Alois, 216 Stephanian, 155 Rhenish Massif, 184 sensory cells, 4 stereom, 3, 5 Rhineland-Palatinate, 175 serpulids, 59, 174, 215 St. Cassian Formation, 176 rhombiferan cystoid, 65, 88, 90, 105 sexual dimorphs, 99 St. Hyacinth, 164 rhombiferans, 31, 42, 45, 69, 75, 108 Seymour Island, 234 Steuben Formation, Member, 66 rhynchonellids, 89, 108 Shadow Lake Formation, 69 stokesi Subzone, 179 ribbon rock facies, 108 shale, 247, 248 Stonesfield Slate, 197 Richmondian, 75, 78 shallow-water, 12, 43, 52, 197, 209, 233, 237 storm deposits (tempestites), 50, 78, 104 Richter, Rudolf and Emma, 120 Sharps Hill Formation, 199 Straits of Florida, xii Ries, 217 shear stress, 12 Stramberg, 48 rigidity, 17, 31 shearing, 11 stromatolitic algal mats, 104 ring canal, 3 Sheinwoodian, 87 stromatoporoids, 13, 45, 81, 105 ring commissure, 243 shell-boring parasites, 56 strophomenids, 65, 89, 123 Ringueberg, Eugene, 87 shoal-dwelling species, 12 Stu¨rmer, W., 113, 120 Rochester Museum and Science Center, 92 shrimps, 217 submersible, xi, 238 Rochester Shale, 87 Siegenian, 111 subtegminal mouth, 32

GENERAL INDEX 269

suffocation, 231 tier, tiering, 12, 55, 90, 153, 171 Visby Beds, 81 Sugar Creek, 145 Timor, 47, 160 visceral mass, 24 Sundre Beds, 81 Tithonian, 47, 216, 224 Visean, 45, 146 stylophoran, 75 Toarcian, 183, 195 suspension feeders, xiii, 26, 56 torsion, 11 Wabash College, 146 Swabian facies, 47, 183, 203 Tournaisian, 43, 135, 140 Walcott, Charles, 63 Swabian Alb, 183 toxins, 209, 212 Waldron Shale, 44 Swansea University, 199 trace fossils, 112, 195 Wandagee Series, 162 Swiss Jura, 47, 203, 211 trauma, 14, 26, 167, 179 Wannen, 222 Sylvania, 132 Traverse Group, 129 Wanner, Johannes, 160 symbiotic, 98 Tremadocian, 38 Warsaw Formation, 154 symmetry, 3, 17, 32, 35 Trenton, 63 waste disposal, 117 symplexy, 9 Trenton Falls, 64 water vessel, 5 synarthry, 9, 25, 37 Trenton Group, 53, 63, 68 water-vascular system, 3, 30 synecology, 55 Trentonian, 42, 63 wave ripples, 202 synostosis, synostoses, 9, 25, 30, 189 Triassic, 28, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 107, 160, Waynesville Formation, 75, 78 syntaxial calcite, 179 164 wedge-shaped columnals, 12, 142, 163 systematics, 31 trilobites, 63, 65, 87, 89, 114, 123, 129 Wegman’s Plaza, 87 syzygy, 4, 22, 26 Trochitenbank 6, 167 Weissjura Zeta 2, 216 Trochitenkalk, 165, 172 Wellenkalk, 173 tabulate corals, 45, 56, 81, 90, 119, 125 tube foot, tube feet, 3–5, 24 Wenlockian, 44, 81, 87 Taconic, 63, 73, 92 Tu¨bingen Museum ϭ Institut und Museum Wenlock limestone, 43 Taﬁlalt, 93 fu¨r Geologie und Pala¨ontologie der Uni- Werksmuseum Lauffen Heidelberger Zement- Talbot, Mignon, 103 versita¨t, 176, 190, 196 werke, 176 taphonomy, 50, 123, 179, 197, 223, 231 turbidite, 50, 53, 65, 78, 223, 233, 248 West Australian geosyncline, 161 Tarnowice Beds, 165 West Canada Creek, 63 Taurus Mountains, 47 Uinta Mountains, 226 Western Interior Seaway, 225 taxocrinid, 27 Uintacrinus Beds, 225 Wheeler Shale, xiv Taylor, Paul, 199 Ulrich, E. O., 75 Wiarton shoal, 92 Tazoulet, 95 unidirectional current, 21, 47 Widder Formation, 130 tegmen, 4, 5, 21–23, 32 uniserial, 27, 28, 33, 36 Wilder Schiefer, 191 tempestite (storm deposit), 50, 53, 65, 76, University of Bonn, 121 Wilkowice Beds, 165 205, 248 University of Glasgow, 43 Willibaldsburg, 224 tensile strength, 30 University of Iowa, 159 Windom Shale, 122 tension, 11 University of Michigan, 74, 134 wing oyster bivalves, 108 tentacle, 3, 5 University of Rochester, 92 wing plates, 23, 46 tentaculitoids, 112, 114 Upper Oolitic Series, 205 Winkel Quarry, 212 tenuicostatum Zone, 183, 191, 196 Upper Silesia, 164, 174 winnowed beds, 248 Terebratelba¨nke, 165 urns, 19 wood-boring, 189 Terebratula Beds, 165 Utica Shale, 64 worms, 58, 114, 195, 215 terebratulids, 6 Utsumi, 234 worm tubes, 88, 170 teredinid bivalves, 189 Wray, Charles, 104 terminal cirri, 9, 15, 140, 175, 206, 243 vagile benthos, 117 Wren’s Nest, 43 terminal claw, 16, 193, 206, 212, 236, 239 Valanginian, 48 terminal hook, 222 Varians Member, Beds, 205, 212 X-rays, 112 terquemiids, 167, 169, 170 Variscan mountain building, 112 xenomorphic stem, 10 Tertiary, 233 Venezuela, xi Xinpu, 43 tertibrachial (IIIBr), 28 ventral, 5 Tethys, Tethys Ocean, 42, 47, 166, 195, 243 vertebrates, 112, 177, 184, 223 Y Zone, 109 teuthoid cephalopods, 221 Verulam Formation, 73 Yale Peabody Museum, 66, 103, 232 theca, xiii, 125 Villey-Saint-Etienne, 212 Thorold, 87 Vincent, 122 Zandt, 216, 218, 221 Threave Glen, 42 Vindelician-Bohemian Massif, 166 Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich, 242 Thuringia, 164, 173 Vindelician High, 184 Zscheiplitz, 173

Taxonomic Index

(Numbers in bold-faced type refer to figures) Amphistrophia Hall & Clarke, 89 Austinocrinus erckerti (Dames), 12 Amphoracrinus Austin, 46 Avicula Bruguie`re, 215 Abacocrinus tessellatus Angelin, 83 Amphorometra inornata Paul, 233 Azygocrinus Lane, 140 Abatocrinus Lane, 140 Amygdalocystites Billings, 69, 71 Azygocrinus rotundus (Yandell & Shumard), Abatocrinus grandis (Lyon & Casseday), 145, Ancyrocrinus Hall, 15 141 146, 147, 150 Ancyrocrinus bulbosus Hall, 14 Abatocrinus macbridei (Wachsmuth & Annacrinus wyvillethomsoni (Thomson), 240 Bactrocrinites Schnur, 120 Springer), 136 Anomalocystites Hall, 108 Bactrocrinites jaekeli (Schmidt), 120 Abludoglyptocrinus Kolata, 42 Antedon bifida de Fre´minville, 30 Baculites Lamarck, 225 Abrotocrinus coreyi (Meek & Worthen), 150 Antedonidae Norman, 238 Bakevellia costata (v. Schlotheim), 172 Abrotocrinus unicus (Hall), 150 Antholites Davis, 123 Balanocrinus Agassiz, 48 Acanthocrinus Roemer, 12, 125 Aorocrinus immaturus (Wachsmuth & Balanocrinus gracilis (Charlesworth), 44, 179 Acanthocrinus rex Jaekel, 107, 117 Springer), 56, 137 Balancocrinus maritimus Bourseau, David, Acanthocrinus spinosus (Hall), 125, 127 Aphelecrinus Kirk, 46 Roux, Bertrand & Clochard, 44 Acrosalenia Agassiz, 209 Aphelecrinus elegantulus (Wachsmuth & Balanocrinus subteres (Mu¨nster in Goldfuss), Actinocrinites J. S. Miller, 46 Springer), 136 47 Actinocrinites gibsoni (Miller & Gurley), 56, Apiocrinites J. S. Miller, 10, 17, 53, 198–200 Balanoglossites Ha¨ntzschel, 167 147, 148, 150 Apiocrinites parkinsoni (v. Schlotheim), 197, Barrandeocrinus Angelin, 26, 86 Actinocrinites multiramosus Wachsmuth & 198 Barrandeocrinus sceptrum Angelin, 83, 85,86 Springer, 56, 57 Apodasmocrinus Warn & Strimple, 44 Barycrinus Wachsmuth, 42, 46, 146 Actinocrinites triacontadactylus J. S. Miller, 33 Apographiocrinus typicalis Moore & Plummer, Barycrinus rhombiferus (Owen & Shumard), Actinocrinitidae Austin & Austin, actino- 157 25, 147, 150 crinitids, 45, 140, 143 Applinocrinus texanus Peck, 47 Barycrinus stellatus (Hall), 153 Aethocrinea Ausich, 38 Apsidocrinus Jaekel, 48, 160 Bathycrinus Thomson, 233 Aethocrinida Ausich, 38 Apsidocrinus moeschi (Zittel), 21 Bathycrinus aldrichianus Carpenter, 5 Aethocrinus Ubaghs, 7, 13, 38 Archaeocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 42, Batocrinidae Wachsmuth & Springer, bato- Aethocrinus moorei Ubaghs, 7 44, 69, 72,73 crinids, 140–142 Agaricocrinus americanus (Roemer), 147 Archaeocrinus pyriformis (Billings), 70 Batocrinus Casseday, 46 Agaricocrinus inflatus (Hall), 141 Archaeopteryx v. Meyer, 216, 217 Batostoma Ulrich, 70 Agaricocrinus splendens Miller & Gurley, 148, Arctinurus Castelnau, 88, 89, 92 Bicidiocrinus wetherbyi (Wachsmuth & 149 Arthroacantha Williams, 131, 134 Springer), 23 Agassizocrinus Owen & Shumard, 46, 173 Arthroacantha carpenteri (Hinde), 56, 132, Bihaticrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Ailsacrinus Taylor, 161, 173, 199–202, 212 133 Blastoidea Say, blastoids, 31, 125, 134 Ailsacrinus abbreviatus Taylor, 199, 201 Articulata J. S. Miller, articulates, 32, 36, 39, blastozoans, 13, 31, 76 Ailsacrinus prattii (Gray), 202 40, 237 Bositra buchi (Roemer), 183 allagecrinids, 46 Asaphocrinus Springer, 88, 90 Botryocrinus Angelin, 44 Amaltheocrinus Klikushin, 42 Asaphocrinus ornatus (Hall), 89, 92 Botryocrinus nycteus (Hall), 125 Ambicocrinus arborescens (Talbot), 103 Astartellopsis triasina (Roemer), 172 Bourgueticrinida Sieverts-Doreck, 241 Ammonicrinus Springer, 10, 45 Asteroidea de Blainville, xiii, 31 Bourgueticrinidae de Loriol, bourgueticrinids, Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 10 Atelestocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 125 11, 13, 24, 233, 239, 241

271

272 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Bourgueticrinus d’Orbigny, 233 Clarkeocrinus Goldring, 123, 124, 127 Decadocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 125, Brabeocrinus christinae Strimple & Moore, Clarkeocrinus troosti (Hall), 124, 125 134 156, 157 Clathrocrinus clathratus Strimple & Moore, Decadocrinus nereus (Hall), 125 Bumastus Murchison, 88, 89 156, 159 Democrinus Perrier, 233, 239, 241 Cleiocrinus regius Billings, 34,71 Democrinus rawsoni (Pourtale`s), 11 Cainocrinus Forbes, 233 Codiacrinus Schultze, 114 Dendrocrinina Bather, dendrocrinids, dendro- Calamocrinus Agassiz, 233 Coelocrinidae Bather, coelocrinids, 140, 141, crines, 33, 36–39 Calceocrinidae Meek & Worthen, calceo- 143 Dendrocrinus Hall, 88–90 crinids, 18, 19, 20, 30 Coenites Eichwald, 83, 85 Desmidocrinus Angelin, 83 Calceocrinus Hall, 42, 45, 90 Coenothyris Douville´, 170 Desmidocrinus pentadactylus Angelin, 85 Calceolispongia Etheridge, 162, 163 Coenothyris vulgaris (v. Schlotheim), 172 Devonoblastus Reimann, 125 Calceolispongia abundans Teichert, 162 Colpodecrinus Sprinkle & Kolata, 38 Diabolocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 44 Calceolispongia robusta Teichert, 162 Columbicrinus crassus Ulrich, 35,42 Diademopsis crinifera (Quenstedt), 196 Calceolispongia spinosa Teichert, 162 Comatilia iridometriformis Clark, 239 Dichocrinidae S. A. Miller, dichocrinids, 140, Calceolispongiidae Teichert, calceolispon- Comatula Lamarck, 230 141 giids, 48, 162 Comatulida Clark, comatulids, 15, 16, 32, 37, Dichocrinus Mu¨nster, 45, 46 Calciroda Mayer, 170 192, 237, 238 Dichocrinus delicatus Wachsmuth & Springer, Caledonicrinus Avocat & Roux, 243 Compsocrinina Ubaghs, 32, 33 138 Caledonicrinus vaubani Avocat & Roux, 243 Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 233 Dichocrinus hammondi Laudon & Beane, 138 Calliocrinus d’Orbigny, 45, 83 Coolinia Bancroft, 89 Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus (Schmidt), 117 Calycanthocrinus Follmann, 114 Cordylocrinus Angelin, 107, 108 Dimerocrinites Phillips in Murchison, 44, 45, Calymene Brongniart, 89 Cordylocrinus plumosus (Hall), 103, 109 83, 88–90 Camarocrinus Hall, 15, 97, 98 Corocrinus nodosus Kier, 133, 134 Dimerocrinites cf. liliiformis (Hall), 90 Camerata Wachsmuth & Springer, camer- Cotylacrinna Brower, 42 Dinocrinus Wanner ϭ Calceolispongia Ether- ates, 19, 23, 32, 56, 79, 123, 150 Cotyloderma Quenstedt, 42 idge, 162 Camptocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 10 Cremacrinus Ulrich, 42, 45, 65, 69, 71 Diplobathrida Moore & Laudon, diplobath- Camptocrinus compressus Wright, 10 Cribanocrinus watersianus (Wachsmuth & rids, 32, 150 Camptocrinus multicirrus Springer, 10 Springer), 136, 138 Diplocrinus maclareanus (Thomson), 239 Camptocrinus praenuntius Springer, 141, 142 Crinoidea J. S. Miller, 3, 17, 31, 32, 38 Disparida Moore & Laudon, disparids, 32, 33, Carabocrinus Billings, 44, 73 Crinobrachiatus Moore, 88–90 35, 38, 78 Cardiola Broderip in Murchison, 93 Cromyocrinus simplex Trautschold, 36 Dizygocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 46, Cardiolampas Pomel, 48 Crotalocrinites Austin & Austin, 26, 45, 83 140, 142 Carpocrinus Mu¨ller, 83 Ctenocrinus Bronn, 103, 107 Dizygocrinus indianensis (Lyon & Casseday, Carpocrinus angelini Franze´n, 85 Ctenocrinus nobilissimus (Hall), 103, 107, 108 149, 150 Carpocrinus petilus Franze´n, 85 Ctenocrinus pachydactylus (Conrad), 103, 106 dolatocrinids, 123 Caryocrinites Say, 45, 88–90 Cupressocrinites abbreviatus Goldfuss, 45 Dolichocrinus de Loriol, 47 Caryocrinites ornatus Say, 92 Cupressocrinites gracilis Goldfuss, 45 Dorycrinus missouriensis (Shumard), 141, 143 Catillocrinidae Wachsmuth & Springer, ca- Cupulocrinus d’Orbigny, 42, 68, 76 Dunnicrinus mississippiensis Moore, 44 tillocrinids, 152 Cupulocrinus jewetti (Billings), 70, 73 Cenocrinus asterius (Linne´), 238, 240 Cupulocrinus polydactylus (Shumard), 80 Echinoidea Leske, xiii, 31 Ceraurus Green, 65, 70, 73 Cyathidium Steenstrup, 21, 27, 241 Echmatocrinea, Echmatocrinida Sprinkle & Chariocrinus Hess, 203 Cyathidium depressum Sieverts, 242 Moore, 32 Chariocrinus andreae (Desor), 57, 203–206, Cyathidium foresti Cherbonnier & Guille, 242 Echmatocrinus Sprinkle, 38 207, 208, 237, 240 Cyathidium holopus Steenstrup, 234 Echmatocrinus brachiatus Sprinkle, 38 Chariocrinus leuthardti (de Loriol) ϭ Hispido- Cyathidium meteorensis Fechter ϭ Cyathidium Ectenocrinus J. S. Miller, 42, 65, 76 crinus leuthardti (de Loriol), 203 foresti Cherbonnier & Guille, 242 Ectenocrinus grandis (Meek), 18 Cheilotrypa Ulrich, 89, 92 Cyathidium plantei Heinzeller, 242 Ectenocrinus simplex (Hall), 67 Cheirocrinus Eichwald, 65, 69 Cyathocrinina Bather, 32, 36 Edrioaster bigsbyi Billings, 70, 72 Chelocrinus v. Meyer, 174 Cyathocrinites J. S. Miller, 46 Edrioasteroidea, edrioasteroids Billings, 42, Chelocrinus carnalli (Beyrich), 51, 165, 173, Cyathocrinites iowensis (Owen & Shumard), 69, 71, 87–90, 108 174 150 Edriophus levis (Bather), 69 Chelocrinus schlotheimi (Quenstedt), 165, 173 Cyathocrinites multibrachiatus (Lyon & Casse- Eleutherocrinus Shumard & Yandell, 125 Chilotrypa Miller ϭ Cheilotrypa Ulrich, 89 day), 28, 146, 149, 150 Eleutherozoa Bell, 31 Chladocrinus Agassiz, 41, 164, 195 Cyclonema Hall, 56, 80 Embryocrinus hanieli Wanner, 22 Chondrites v. Sternberg, 195 Cyrtocrinida Sieverts-Doreck, cyrtocrinids, Enallocrinus d’Orbigny, 83 Cincinnaticrinus Warn & Strimple, 65, 73, 76, 20, 21, 27, 32, 47, 48, 241–243 Enantiostreon Bittner, 167, 169 77, 78, 79 Cyrtocrinus Jaekel, 48 Enantiostreon difforme (v. Schlotheim), 172 Cincinnaticrinus heterodactylus (Wachsmuth & Cyrtocrinus nutans (Goldfuss), 21, 47, 59 Encrinidae Dujardin & Hupe´, encrinids, 30, Springer), 67 36, 167–175 Cincinnaticrinus pentagonus (Ulrich), 76,78 Dactylioceras Hyatt, 184 Encrinites fossilis Blumenbach ϭ Encrinus lili- Cincinnaticrinus varibrachialus Warn & Strim- Dadocrinus v. Meyer, 184 iformis Lamarck, 164 ple, 78 Dadocrinus kunischi Wachsmuth & Springer, Encrinites moniliferus J. S. Miller ϭ Encrinus Cladida Moore & Laudon, cladids, 32, 33, 174, 175 liliiformis Lamarck, 164 35, 36, 39, 150, 156, 160 Dalejina Havlicek ϭ Mendacella Cooper, 89 Encrinites trochitiferus v. Schlotheim ϭ Encri- Cladochonus McCoy, 57, 58 Dalmanites Barrande, 88, 89 nus liliiformis Lamarck, 164

TAXONOMIC INDEX 273

Encrinus Lamarck, 164, 170, 174 Guillecrinus neocaledonicus Bourseau, Ame´zi- Hyperoblastus Fay, 134 Encrinus aculeatus v. Meyer, 165 ane-Cominardi & Roux, 242 Hyperoblastus reimanni Kier, 133 Enrinus greppini de Loriel, 165 Guillecrinus reunionensis Roux, 242 Encrinus liliiformis Lamarck, 29, 51, 164, 168, Gustabilicrinus Guensburg, 42 Icthyocrinus Conrad, 90 169, 171 Gutticrinus Klikushin, 42 Illemocrinus amphiatus Eckert, 69, 71 Endelocrinus tumidus spinosus Strimple, 158, Gymnocrinus de Loriol, 14, 20, 27, 48, 242 Imitatocrinus Schmidt, 114 159 Gymnocrinus richeri Bourseau, Ame´ziane- Inadunata Wachsmuth & Springer, inadun- Endoxocrinus parrae (Gervais), 209, 238, 239, Cominardi & Roux, 21, 51, 242, 243 ates, 32, 33 241 Indocrinidae Strimple, indocrinids, 163 Eometacrinus australis Baumiller & Gazdzicki, Haereticotaxocrinus Franzeń, 83 Indocrinus Wanner, 160 234 Haereticotaxocrinus asper Franzeń, 83, 85 Inoceramus Sowerby, 184 Eoparisocrinus Ausich, 42 Haeretocrinus wagneri Strimple & Moore, 157, Inoceramus (Platyceramus) platinus Logan, 231 Eoparisocrinus siluricus (Springer), 19 158 Inozoa Steinmann, 41 Eospirifer Schuchert, 89 Halimeda Lamouroux, 52 Iocrinus Hall, 42, 65, 76 Eretmocrinus Lyon & Casseday, 140 Halysiocrinus Ulrich, 146 Iocrinus trentonensis Walcott, 66 Eretmocrinus remibrachiatus (Hall), 141, 142 Halysiocrinus tunicatus (Hall), 150 Isocrinida Sieverts-Doreck, isocrinids, 7, 15, Erisocrinus typus Meek & Worthen, 158, 159 Hapalocrinus Jaekel, 114 32, 37, 238–240 Eucalyptocrinites Goldfuss, 26, 44, 45, 83, 89 Hapalocrinus elegans Jaekel, 114, 119 Isocrinus v. Meyer, 195, 236 Eucalyptocrinites caelatus (Hall), 90 Hapalocrinus frechi Jaekel, 119 Isocrinus basaltiformis (J. S. Miller), 59 Eucatillocrinus bradleyi (Meek & Worthen), Harpoceras Waagen, 184 Isocrinus blakei (Carpenter), 209, 239 152 Hemibrachiocrinus Arendt, 48 Isocrinus cingulatus (Mu¨nster in Goldfuss), 47 Eucladocrinus pleuroviminus (White), 17, 141, Hemicidaris langrunensis Cotteau, 44 Isocrinus nehalemensis Moore & Vokes ϭ Ray- 143 Hemicrinus d’Orbigny, 21, 48 mondicrinus oregonensis (Moore & Vokes), Eudiplobathrina Ubaghs, 32 Hemicrinus astierianus d’Orbigny, 21 236 Eugeniacrinites J. S. Miller, 21, 47 Hemicystites Hall, 90 Isocrinus nicoleti (Thurmann), 44, 204, 205, Eugeniacrinites cariophilites (v. Schlotheim), 47 Hemistreptocrinida Arendt, 31, 32, 36 209, 211, 212 Eugeniacrinites caryophyllatus Goldfuss ϭ Eu- Herpetocrinus Salter ϭ Myelodactylus Hall, 86 Isocrinus (Chladocrinus) tuberculatus (Miller), geniacrinites cariophilites (v. Schlotheim), 47 Hesperornis regalis Marsh, 226 41 Eugeniacrinites zitteli Jaekel, 48 Heterocrinus Hall ϭ Cincinnaticrinus Warn & Isotelus DeKay, 65 Euptychocrinus Brower, 42 Strimple, 65, 78 Isotomocrinus typus Ulrich, 69, 71 Euspirocrinus spiralis Angelin, 35 Heterometra savignii (Mu¨ller), 238 Isselicrinus Rovereto, 233 Eutaxocrinus Springer, 114 Heterotrypa Nicholson, 69 Isselicrinus subbasaltiformis (J. S. Miller), 233 Eutaxocrinus stu¨rtzii (Follmann), 119 Hexacrinites elongatus (Goldfuss), 45 Eutrochocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 140 Himerometra bassleri Gisleń, 26 Jimbacrinus Teichert, 162 Eutrochocrinus christyi 24 Hispidocrinus (Shumard), Simms, 203 Jimbacrinus bostocki Teichert, 162, 163 Exocrinus wanni Strimple, 156, 157 Hispidocrinus leuthardti (de Loriol), 203–205, 212, 215 Kallimorphocrinus Favosites parasiticus Hall, 90 Histocrinus coreyi (Worthen), 149, 150 Weller, 46 Kallimorphocrinus lasallensis (Strimple & Fenestella Lonsdale, 89, 129 Hoernesia socialis (v. Schlotheim), 172 Moore), 156, 157 Flexibilia Zittel, flexibles, 27, 32, 152 Holectypus depressus (Leske), 212 Flexicalymene Shirley, 65 Holocrinidae Jaekel, holocrinids, 40, 167, Forbesiocrinus de Koninck & le Hon, 17 171, 175 Lampterocrinus Roemer, 45 Forbesiocrinus wortheni Hall, 18, 152 Holocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 175 Lanecrinus depressus (Meek & Worthen), 150 Holocrinus acutangulus v. Meyer, 165 Lanternocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Gaurocrinus S. A. Miller, 76 Holocrinus doreckae Hagdorn, 165 Lasiocrinus Kirk, 107–109 Gennaeocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 124 Holocrinus dubius (Goldfuss), 165, 175, 176 Lasiocrinus scoparius (Hall), 109 Gennaeocrinus eucharis (Hall), 126 Holocrinus meyeri Hagdorn & Gluchowski, Lecanocrinus Hall, 44, 45, 90 Geocoma carinata (v. Mu¨nster), 218 165 Leocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Gervillella mytiloides (Zieten), 174 Holopus d’Orbigny, 14, 27, 48 Lepocrinites Conrad, 105, 108 Gilbertsocrinus Phillips, 46, 125, 131, 134, Holopus alidis Bourseau, Ame´ziane- Leptaena Dalman, 89 141 Cominardi, Avocat & Roux, 20, 242 Leptolepides sprattiformis (Agassiz), 217 Gilbertsocrinus ohioensis Stewart, 131 Holopus rangii d’Orbigny, 242 Lichenalia Hall, 89 Gilbertsocrinus spinigerus (Hall), 125 Holothuroidea de Blainville, xiii, 31 Lichenocrinus Hall, 13 Gilbertsocrinus tuberosus (Lyon & Casseday), Howellella Kozlowski, 108 Liliocrinus Rollier, 10, 14, 51 56, 131, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152 Homocrinus Hall, 87, 88–90, 92 Liliocrinus munsterianus (d’Orbigny), 6, 51 Girvanella Nicholson & Etheridge, 195 Homocrinus parvus Hall, 92 Lingula tenuissima Bronn, 172 Gissocrinus Angelin, 43, 45 Hybocrinida Jaekel, hybocrinids, 31, 32, 36 Lithaster Hess, 218 Glyptocrinina Moore, 32 Hybocrinus Billings, 42, 44 Lobolithus Barrande ϭ scyphocrinitid lobo- Glyptocrinus Hall, 56, 65, 76, 79 Hybocrinus conicus Billings, 37 lith, 98 Glyptocrinus decadactylus Hall, 33 Hybocystites Wetherby, 69, 71 Lonchocrinus Jaekel, 21, 47 Glyptocystites multiporus Billings, 70 Hybocystites eldonensis (Parks), 70 Lumbricaria intestinum Goldfuss, 221 Gogia Walcott, xiii, 7, 13 Hyolithelminthes Fisher, 58 Lyriocrinus Hall, 44 Gogia spiralis Robison, xiv Hylodecrinus gibsoni (White), 150 Goniomya Agassiz, 195 Hyocrinidae Carpenter, 240 Macrocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 140, Guillecrinus Roux, 242 Hyocrinina Rasmussen, 241 141

274 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Macrocrinus mundulus (Hall), 56, 149, 150, Ophiuroidea Gray, xiii, 31 Platyceratidae Hall, platyceratids, 56, 79, 80 151 Orophocrinus conicus Wachsmuth & Springer, Platycrinites J. S. Miller, 10, 45, 46, 57, 141, Macrostylocrinus Hall, 43, 45, 88, 89 136 143, 151 Macrostylocrinus ornatus Hall, 89 Orophocrinus fusiformis (Wachsmuth & Platycrinites hemisphaericus (Meek & Wor- Marhoumacrinus Prokop & Petr, 97 Springer), 136 then), 56, 149–151 Marhoumacrinus legrandi Prokop & Petr, 96, Orthoceras Bruguie`re, 93, 94, 114 Platycrinites regalis (Hall), 11 97 Osteocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Platycrinites saffordi (Hall), 149, 150, 151 Mariacrinus beecheri Talbot ϭ Ctenocrinus no- Osteocrinus rectus (Frizzell & Exline), 47 Platycrinites symmetricus (Wachsmuth & bilissimus (Hall), 103 Ottawacrinus typus Billings, 70 Springer), 136, 137 Marsupiocrinus Morris, 45 Oxycomanthus bennetti (Mu¨ller), 238, 239 Platycrinitidae Austin & Austin, 140 Marsupites J. S. Miller, 232 Oxytoma Meek, 184 Platystrophia King, 69, 73 Marsupites testudinarius (v. Schlotheim), 25, Pleurocrinus Austin & Austin, 46 46, 232 Pachyantedon gracilis (Walther) ϭ Solanocri- Pleurocystites Billings, 69, 71 Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 123 nites gracilis (Walther), 222 Plicodendrocrinus Brower, 42, 43, 73, 76 Megistocrinus Owen & Shumard, 124 Pachylocrinus aequalis (Hall), 149, 150 Plicodendrocrinus casei (Meek), 11 Melocrinites pachydactylus Conrad ϭ Ctenocri- Palaeocomaster schlumbergeri de Loriol, 44 Plotocrinus Peck, 47 nus pachydactylus (Conrad), 103 Palaeocrinus Billings, 44 Poecilocrinus Peck, 47 Melocrinus Agassiz ϭ Melocrinites Goldfuss, Paracidaris florigemma (Phillips), 6 Pomatocrinus nobilis (Walther), 222 103 Paracomatula Hess, 212 Porocrinus Billings, 43 Mendacella Cooper, 89 Paracomatula helvetica Hess, 203–205, 212, Porphyrocrinidae Clark, 241 Mesolimulus Størmer, 217 232, 237 Portheus Cope, 226 Metacrinus Carpenter, 233, 234, 236 Paracremacrinus Brower, 44 Poteriocrinina Jaekel, poteriocrinines, 32, 36, Metacrinus angulatus Carpenter, 4, 8 Paradichocrinus polydactylus (Casseday & 37 Metacrinus fossilis Rasmussen, 234 Lyon), 147 Poteriocrinites J. S. Miller, 46 Microcaracrinus conjugulus Strimple & Moore, Parapisocrinus quinquelobus (Bather), 27 Praecupulocrinus Brower, 42 157, 158 Paraspirifer Wedekind in Salomon, 131 Prasopora Nicholson & Etheridge, 65, 69 Millericrinida Sieverts-Doreck, millericrinids, Parisangulocrinus Schmidt, 114 Proapsidocrinus Wanner, 160 32, 37, 200 Parisangulocrinus zeaeformis (Schultze), 113, Procomaster pentadactylus Simms, 192, 195 Millericrinus mespiliformis v. Schlotheim, 222 114 Proctothylacocrinus esseri Kesling, 133, 134 Millericrinus nobilis Walther ϭ Pomatocrinus Parulocrinus pontiacensis Strimple & Moore, Proisocrinidae Rasmussen, 243 nobilis (Walther), 222 159 Proisocrinus Clark, 242 Monobathrida Moore & Laudon, monobath- Paucicrura Cooper, 65 Proisocrinus ruberrimus Clark, 242 rids, 32 Pellecrinus hexadactylus (Lyon & Casseday), Promachocrinus Carpenter, 29 Monobrachiocrinus ficiformis granulatus Wan- 147 Promachocrinus kerguelensis Carpenter, 4 ner, 22 Pelmatozoa Leuckart, xiii, 13 Prophyllocrinus Wanner, 160 Monodechenella Stumm, 123 Pentacrinites Blumenbach, 15, 25, 51, 191 Protodouvillina Harper, Boucot & Johnson, Montlivaltia Lamouroux, 6 Pentacrinites briareus wu¨rttembergicus Quen- 123 Mucrospirifer Grabau, 123, 129, 134 stedt ϭ Pentacrinites dichotomus (McCoy), Psalidocrinus Remes, 48 Myalina de Koninck, 169, 171 191 Pseudomytiloides Koschelkina, 184, 191 Myelodactylus Hall, 42, 45, 86 Pentacrinites dargniesi Terquem & Jourdy, 51, Pseudomytiloides dubius (Sowerby), 185, 187, Myelodactylus ammonis (Bather), 43 203, 209, 211 189, 190, 195 Myelodactylus fletcheri (Salter), 43, 86 Pentacrinites dichotomus (McCoy), 44, 181, Pseudoperna congesta (Conrad), 225 191, 193, 194 Pteranodon Marsh, 226 Nasutocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Pentacrinites doreckae Simms, 44 Pterocoma Agassiz, 222 Naticonema Perner, 80 Pentacrinites fossilis—Blumenbach, 25, 44, Pterocoma pennata (v. Schlotheim), 218, 221, Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis Clark, 11 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 191 222, 223 Nemaster Clark, 237 Pentacrinites quenstedti Oppel ϭ Pentacrinites Pterotocrinus Lyon & Casseday, 23, 46 Nemaster rubiginosus (Pourtale`s), 16 dichotomus (McCoy), 191 Pycnocrinus S. A. Miller, 12, 56, 76, 78 Neocrinus decorus Thomson, xii, 29 Pentaramicrinus Sutton & Winkler, 46 Pycnocrinus dyeri (Meek), 56, 79, 80 Neoschizodus ovatus (Goldfuss), 172 Pentremites Say, 46 Pygope Link, 48 Nevadacrinus Lane & Webster, 163 Pentremitidea medusae Jaekel, 117 Newaagia Hertlein, 167, 169 Periechocrinus Morris, 44, 45 Quenstedticrinus Klikushin, 42 Nielsenicrinus Rasmussen, 233 Petalocrinus Weller & Davidson, 26, 45 Notocrinus rasmusseni Meyer & Oji, 234 Phacops Emmrich, 123, 129 Rafinesquina Hall & Clarke, 77 Notocrinus seymourensis Baumiller & Gaz- Phanocrinus Kirk, 46 Rafinesquina deltoidia (Conrad), 65 dzicki, 234 Phosphannulus Mu¨ller, Nogami & Lenz, 58 Raymondicrinus Klikushin, 236 Phrynocrinidae Clark, 241 Raymondicrinus oregonensis (Moore & Vokes), Ohiocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 42, 78, 79 Phyllocrinus d’Orbigny, 47, 48, 160 233, 235, 236 Ohiocrinus brauni Ulrich, 79 Physodoceras Hyatt, 221 Resserella Bancroft, 89 Onychaster Meek & Worthen, 56, 57 Pilocrinus jackel, 47 Reteocrinus Billings, 42 Onychocrinus exsculptus Lyon & Casseday, 35, Pilocrinus moussoni (Desor), 47 Rhadinocrinus Jaekel, 120 147, 149, 150 Placunopsis Morris & Lycett, 170 Rhipidocrinus crenatus (Goldfuss), 45 Onychocrinus ramulosus (Lyon & Casseday), Plagiostoma striatum (v. Schlotheim), 172 Rhizocrinus lofotensis Sars, 13 146, 150 Platyceras Conrad, 56, 114, 149 Rhizostomites Haeckel, 217 Ophiopetra lithographica Hess, 224 Platyceras dumosum Hall, 131 Rhodocrinites J. S. Miller, 45

TAXONOMIC INDEX 275

Rhodocrinites kirbyi (Wachsmuth & Springer), Sinosura kelheimensis (Boehm), 224 Thamnasteria Lesauvage, 6 34, 136, 137, 138 Siphonocrinus S. A. Miller, 45 Thiolliericrinidae Clark, thiolliericrinids, 48 Rhodocrinites nanus (Meek & Worthen), 138 Solanocrinites gracilis Walther, 222 Thiolliericrinus Etallon, 48 Rhodocrinites nanus glyptoformis (Laudon & Solemya Lamarck, 195 Tholocrinus Kirk, 46 Beane), 138 Somphocrinidae Peck, somphocrinids, 22, 37, Tholocrinus wetherbyi (Wachsmuth & Rhodocrinitidae Roemer, 140 40, 46, 47 Springer) ϭ Bicidiocrinus wetherbyi (Wachs- rhombiferans, 31 Somphocrinus mexicanus Peck, 47 muth & Springer), 23 Rhynchonella varians v. Schlotheim, 215 ϭ Sowerbyella Jones, 65 Thylacocrinus Oehlert, 124 Rhynchonelloidella alemanica (Rollier) Springericrinus magniventrus (Springer), 147 Thylacocrinus clarkei Wachsmuth & Springer, Rhynchotetra Weller, 89 Stegerhynchus Foerste, 89 127 Ristnacrinus O¨ pik, 42 Steinmannia Fischer, 184 Thysanocrinus arborescens Talbot ϭ Ambico- Roveacrinida Sieverts-Doreck, roveacrinids, Steinmannia radiata (Goldfuss), 183 crinus arborescens (Talbot), 103 22, 32, 37, 46–48 Steinmannia radiata parva (Quenstedt), 195 Timorechinus Wanner, 160 Roveacrinidae Peck, 46, 47 Stellarocrinus sp. cf. S. virgilensis Strimple, 159 Timorocidaris Wanner, 161 Roveacrinus Douglas, 47 Stenaster Billings, 73 Timorocidaris sphaeracantha Wanner, 161 Stenaster salteri Billings, 70 Torynocrinus Seeley, 48 Saccocoma Agassiz, 51, 216–224 Stenopecrinus sp. cf. S. planus (Strimple), 156 Trampidocrinus Lane & Webster, 163 Saccocoma cretacea Bather ϭ Applinocrinus Stephanocrinus Conrad, 89 Traumatocrinus Wo¨hrmann, 28, 44 cretaceus (Bather), 47 Stiptocrinus Kirk, 45 Traumatocrinus caudex (Dittmar), 43 Saccocoma pectinata (Goldfuss) ϭ Saccocoma Striispirifer Cooper & Muir-Wood, 88, 89, 90, Triacrinus Mu¨nster, 114 tenella (Goldfuss), 218, 221 92 Triacrinus koenigswaldi Schmidt, 121 Saccocoma quenstedti Verniory, 224 Strimplecrinus inornatus (Wachsmuth & Tribrachyocrinus McCoy, 160 Saccocoma schwertschlageri Walther ϭ Sacco- Springer), 136, 137, 138 Troosticrinus Shumard, 45 coma tenella (Goldfuss), 218 Strotocrinus glyptus (Hall), 141, 143 Trypanites Ma¨gdefrau, 69, 70, 71, 167, 174 Saccocoma tenella (Goldfuss), 218, 219, 220, Stylometra spinifera (Carpenter), xii Tryssocrinus endotomitus Guensburg, 42 224 Sulcoretepora d’Orbigny, 123, 129, 130 Tulipacrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 47 Saccocrinus Hall, 89, 90 Sundacrinus Wanner, 160 Tylasteria Valette, 6 Saccocrinus speciosus Hall, 90 Synaptocrinus Springer, 134 Uintacrinida Broili, uintacrinids, 32, 37 Sagenocrinida Springer, 32, 33 Synbathocrinus Phillips, 45, 46 Uintacrinus Grinnell, 30, 46, 51, 53, 226 Sagenocrinites Austin & Austin, 17 Uintacrinus socialis Grinnell, 17, 212, 227, Saracrinus Clark, 234, 236 Talpina v. Hagenow, 170 228, 229, 230, 231 Scaphites Parkinson, 225 Taxocrinida Springer, 32, 33 Uperocrinus Meek & Worthen, 140 Sclerocrinus strambergensis Jaekel, 48 Taxocrinus Phillips, 46 Uperocrinus nashvillae (Hall), 23 Scyphocrinites Zenker, 93–95, 97, 98 Taxocrinus colletti White, 149, 150 Scyphocrinites elegans Zenker, 97, 98 Taxocrinus intermedius Wachsmuth & Volviceramus grandis Conrad, 231 Scyphocrinitidae Jaekel, scyphocrinitids, 15, Springer, 137 Vostocovacrinus Yeltisheva & Polyarnaya, 28 ϭ 28, 48, 51, 53, 93, 96, 97, 98–101 Taxocrinus stu¨rtzii Follmann Eutaxocrinus Vostocovacrinus boreus Yeltisheva & Polyar- Scytalocrinus decadactylus (Meek & Worthen), stu¨rtzii (Follmann), 119 naya, 30 148, 149 Taxocrinus ungula Miller & Gurley, 149, 150, Scytalocrinus robustus (Hall), 57, 149, 150, 152 152, 153 Xenocrinus S. A. Miller, 43, 76 Seirocrinus Gisle´n, 10, 12, 25, 51, 99, 178, Teliocrinus springeri (Clark), 233, 234 Xenocrinus baeri (Meek), 79 180, 181, 189 Tentaculites v. Schlotheim, 104, 108 Xenocrinus penicillus S. A. Miller, 18 Seirocrinus subangularis (J. S. Miller), 44, 183– Terminaster Hess, 218 Xiphactinus Leidy, 226 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 Tetanocrinus Jaekel ϭ Dolichocrinus de Loriol, Senariocrinus Schmidt, 23 47 Zeacrinites Hall, 46 Senariocrinus maucheri Schmidt, 20, 117 Tetracrinus moniliformis Goldfuss, 47 Zophocrinus S. A. Miller, 45 Shroshaecrinus Klikushin, 42 Thallocrinus Jaekel, 114 Zygodiplobathrina Ubaghs, 32 Silesiacrinus Hagdorn & Gluchowski, 165 Thallocrinus procerus Schmidt, 119 Zygospira Hall, 69