Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Ingeniería Escuela De Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica

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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Ingeniería Escuela De Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PIC PLC AL LABORATORIO DE ELECTRÓNICA III Juan Alejandro Ortíz Chial Asesorado por el Ing. Enrique Sarvelio Ortíz Chial Guatemala, mayo de 2018 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PIC PLC AL LABORATORIO DE ELECTRÓNICA III TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN PRESENTADO A LA JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA POR JUAN ALEJANDRO ORTÍZ CHIAL ASESORADO POR EL ING. ENRIQUE SARVELIO ORTÍZ CHIAL AL CONFERÍRSELE EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO ELECTRICISTA GUATEMALA, MAYO DE 2018 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA NÓMINA DE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DECANO Ing. Pedro Antonio Aguilar Polanco VOCAL I Ing. Angel Roberto Sic García VOCAL II Ing. Pablo Christian De León Rodríguez VOCAL III Ing. José Milton De León Bran VOCAL IV Br. Óscar Humberto Galicia Núñez VOCAL V Br. Carlos Enrique Gómez Donis SECRETARIA Inga. Lesbia Magalí Herrera López TRIBUNAL QUE PRACTICÓ EL EXAMEN GENERAL PRIVADO DECANO a.i. Ing. Angel Roberto Sic García EXAMINADOR Ing. Bayron Armando Cuyán Culajay EXAMINADOR Ing. Julio Rolando Barrios Archila EXAMINADOR Ing. Jorge Gilberto González Padilla SECRETARIO Ing. Hugo Humberto Rivera Pérez HONORABLE TR¡BUNAL EXAMINADOR En cumplimiento con Ios preceptos que establece la ley de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, presento a su consideracién mi trabajo de graduación titulado: IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PIC PLC AL LABORATORIO DE ELECTRÓNICA I¡I Tema que me fuera asignado por la Dirección de la Escuela de lngeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, con fecha 01 de julio de 2011. Ghial ACTO QUE DEDICO A: Dios Por ser una importante influencia en mi carrera, entre otras cosas. Mis padres Benjamin Ortíz y Mecedez Chial, por el apoyo que me brindaron durante mis estudios. Mis hermanos Por brindar apoyo, cariño y comprensión. Mi hijo Berner Benjamin Ortíz Torres, quien me ha dado la fortaleza de ser mejor cada día. AGRADECIMIENTOS A: Universidad de San Por darme la oportunidad de formar parte de Carlos de Guatemala esta gran casa de estudios. Facultad de Ingeniería Por brindarme todas las herramientas para poder desempeñarme como un profesional. Escuela Mecánica Por haberme dado el conocimiento necesario Eléctrica para poder ser un profesional de éxito. ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES ........................................................................... III LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS ....................................................................................... IX GLOSARIO ........................................................................................................ XI RESUMEN ....................................................................................................... XIII OBJETIVOS ...................................................................................................... XV INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................ XVII 1. CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS .......................................................................... 1 1.1. ¿Qué es el PLC? ........................................................................ 1 1.1.1. CPU .......................................................................... 3 1.1.2. Memoria .................................................................... 4 1.1.3. Tipos de memoria ..................................................... 5 1.1.4. Entradas y salidas .................................................... 5 1.1.5. Alimentación eléctrica .............................................. 6 1.1.6. Unidades de programación ....................................... 6 1.2. ¿Qué es el PIC? ......................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Presentación física del controlador de interface periférica PIC .......................................................... 10 1.2.2. Partes del PIC ......................................................... 11 1.3. ¿Qué es el PIC PLC? ............................................................... 12 1.4. Lenguajes de programación del PIC........................................ 17 1.4.1. Lenguaje Basic ....................................................... 18 1.4.1.1. Estructura de un programa Basic ........ 19 1.4.2. Lenguaje C ............................................................ 28 1.4.3. Lenguaje Assembler ............................................... 36 1.5. Lenguajes de programación de PLC ....................................... 44 I 1.6. Ventajas y desventajas de programación del PIC y el PICPLC .................................................................................... 51 1.6.1. Interfaces del PIC con la computadora ................... 54 1.6.2. Interfaces del PLC con la computadora ................. 63 1.6.3. Ventajas de los programas en los sistemas operativos existentes .............................................. 75 2. PRÁCTICAS DEL PIC PLC .................................................................... 81 2.1. Prácticas en sistemas eléctricos .............................................. 81 2.2. Prácticas en sistemas neumáticos e hidráulicos ..................... 91 2.3. Ventajas y desventajas de aplicar el PIC PLC ....................... 102 3. MODELOS Y ACCESORIOS EXISTENTES DE PIC PLC ................... 105 3.1. Fabricantes ............................................................................ 105 3.1.1. Mikroelektronika .................................................... 105 3.1.2. Industrial Shields .................................................. 105 3.1.3. Controllino............................................................. 106 3.2. Ubicación del fabricante ........................................................ 106 3.3. Tipos y características del PIC PLC ...................................... 108 3.3.1. Mikroelektronika .................................................... 108 3.3.2. Industrial Shields .................................................. 109 3.3.3. Controllino............................................................. 110 3.3.4. Implementación del PIC PLC al laboratorio de electrónica III ........................................................ 112 4. ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DEL PIC PLC EN COMPARACIÓN CON EL PLC ................................................................................................. 117 4.1. Estudio de ingeniería ............................................................. 117 4.2. Análisis costo-beneficio ......................................................... 127 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................... 131 RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................... 133 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................... 135 II ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES FIGURAS 1. Estructura básica de un PLC .................................................................. 3 2. Representación de un bit ....................................................................... 4 3. Representación de un byte .................................................................... 4 4. Representación de una palabra ............................................................. 5 5. Ejemplo de unidad de programación ...................................................... 6 6. Computadora utilizada para programación de PLC ................................ 7 7. Controlador lógico programable (PLC) ................................................... 8 8. Módulo de comunicación ........................................................................ 8 9. Diagrama de bloque de PIC ................................................................... 9 10. Diagrama de bloques PIC .................................................................... 10 11. Encapsulado de microcontroladores .................................................... 10 12. Pic PLC modelo PICPLC16v6 .............................................................. 13 13. Módulo de Ethernet .............................................................................. 14 14. Módulo RTC ......................................................................................... 14 15. Módulo de soporte externo ................................................................... 15 16. Módulo de relés .................................................................................... 15 17. Módulo GSM ........................................................................................ 15 18. Módulo GSM audio ............................................................................... 16 19. Módulo TFT .......................................................................................... 16 20. Módulo de 7 segmentos ....................................................................... 16 21. Estructura de un programa en Basic .................................................... 20 22. Ejemplo de subrutina ............................................................................ 22 23. Ejemplo de programa Basic ................................................................. 28 III 24. Estructura básica de un programa en C ............................................... 30 25. Representación gráfica de almacenamiento en la memoria ................. 31 26. Ejemplo de instrucción if-else ............................................................... 32 27. Ejemplo de condición
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