El Coratge De Salvar Durant L'holocaust

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El Coratge De Salvar Durant L'holocaust El coratge de salvar durant l’Holocaust Grup de treball Exili, Deportació i Holocaust AGRAÏMENTS El Coratge de salvar durant l’Holocaust. – 2a ed.. – (Quaderns didàctics Memorial Democràtic) Ajuntament de la Vila d’Elna I. Grup de Treball Exili, Deportació i Holocaust Alfons Aragoneses II. Memorial Democràtic (Catalunya) Amical de Mauthausen i altres camps III. Col·lecció: Quaderns didàctics Memorial Annabel Carballo Democràtic Archivio della Memoria Odoardo Focherini 1. Holocaust Jueu (1939-1945) 2. Supervivents Ariel Vandor de l’Holocaust Jueu 3. Justos entre les Nacions Arxiu Comarcal del Bages durant l’Holocaust 4. Guerra Mundial II, 1939- Arxiu Departamental dels Pirineus Orientals 1945 – Camps de concentració Barbara Brix 341.485-058.64(=411.16)”1939/1945” Biblioteca Rosa Sensat 343.819.5”1939/1945” Caroline Waddell CILEC Claudio Silingardi 1a edició. Barcelona, juliol de 2014 CRAI Biblioteca Pavelló de la República (Universitat 2a edició. Barcelona, setembre de 2016 de Barcelona) Cristina Zuccaro (Centro Internazionale di Studi © dels textos, els autors Primo Levi) © de les imatges, els seus titulars Departament d’Ensenyament de la Generalitat de © de l’edició, Memorial Democràtic Catalunya Dipòsit legal: B 13729-2016 Descendents i Amics de la Maternitat d’Elna Eduardo Martín de Pozuelo Memorial Democràtic Peu de la Creu, 4 FAGIC 08001 Barcelona Família Bauman Tel. 936 247 351 Ghetto Fighters House Museum [email protected] Institut d’Estudis Fotogràfics de Catalunya Coordinació Editorial: Istituto Storico di Modena Memorial Democràtic de la Generalitat de Catalunya Jaime Vandor Jaume Canyameres Cortázar Correcció: Jordi Font Vorágine comunicación escrita Luisa Fava (Editrice La Stampa) Disseny i maquetació: Ma Lourdes Prades Dídac Ramírez - Memorial Democràtic Maria Ojuel Maria Peri Impressió Miquel Serrano Generalitat de Catalunya. Entitat Autònoma del Diari Museu Memorial de l’Exili Oficial i de Publicacions Museu memorial de l’Holocaust dels Estats Units Autors Nora Gaon Grup de treball Exili, Deportació i Holocaust Pau Raga Núria Alberdi Perla Hazan Miquel Albert Photo Archive. Yad Vashem Jordi Algué Saúl Roas Isabel Ballestero Serge Barba Josep Calvet - Memorial Democràtic The Ghetto Fighters’ House Carme Casas Tomás Lipgot Raimon Guillot Zoni Weisz Núria Hoyo Jorge Indiano Montse Richou María Cruz Santos David Serrano Susanna Sigiran Marta Simó Gemma Simon - Memorial Democràtic Foto portada Giza Alterwajn i Danusia Galkowa © CILEC 3 Benvolgut/uda professor/a, Sóc una supervivent d’un camp de concentració. Els meus ulls van veure allò que cap home no hauria mai de presenciar: cambres de gas construïdes per enginyers instruïts, nens enverinats per metges professionals, nens morts per infermeres professionals, dones i nadons morts a trets i cremats per graduats d’altes escoles majors i universitats. Així és que sospito de l’educació. El que et demano és: ajudeu els estudiants perquè arribin a ser humans. Els vostres esforços mai no han de produir monstres, hàbils psicòpates, futurs Eichmanns. Saber llegir i escriure, l’aritmètica ... són importants només si serveixen per fer els nens més humans. Traduït al català de: Supple, Carrie. From prejudice to genocide: Learning about the Holocaust. Staffordshire (Regne Unit): Trentham books limited, 1993. QD Quaderns Didàctics Memorial Democràtic MD 4 SUMARI QD MD Quaderns Didàctics Memorial Democràtic 5 Presentació 6 El Grup de Treball sobre l’Exili, la Deportació i l’Holocaust 9 El coratge de salvar durant l’Holocaust 10 Bloc 1. El context històric: temes i didàctiques 16 1. Els totalitarismes a l’Europa de principis de segle XX 16 Proposta didàctica. Els totalitarismes, les lleis discriminatòries i la persecució de col·lectius a l’Europa de principis de segle XX 20 2. Polítiques de persecució, discriminació i destrucció del rèWgim nacionalsocialista. L’Holocaust i altres víctimes 27 Proposta didàctica. Polítiques de persecució, discriminació i destrucció del règim nacionalsocialista. L’Holocaust i altres víctimes 34 3. L’exili i la deportació dels republicans espanyols 44 Proposta didàctica. L’exili i la deportació dels espanyols 47 4. La supervivència i el coratge de salvar 56 Proposta didàctica. La supervivència i el coratge de salvar 60 5. La literatura concentracionària 67 Proposta didàctica. Els testimonis i la literatura concentracionària 69 Bloc 2.La Maternitat d’Elna. Un bressol d’humanitat enmig de la inhumanitat 76 Conferència inaugural amb motiu del Dia internacional de commemoració de les víctimes de l’Holocaust 76 Proposta didàctica. La Maternitat d’Elna 81 Bloc 3. Lectures sobre persones Justes i Salvades 86 Odoardo Focherini i Enrico Donati 86 Susanne Witte i Regina Kirschbaum 87 Zoni Weisz 88 Anònim (infermera d’Auschwitz) i Renate Guttmann 89 Jonas Paulavicius i Míriam Krakinowsky 89 Refik Veseli i Gavra Mandil 90 Maria Bulat i Janina Bauman 91 Danusia Galkowa i Giza Alterwajn 92 Irena Sendler i Elzbieta Ficowsca 93 Saturnino Navazo i Siegfried Meir 94 Louise i Joseph Materne i Zenon Fagertag 95 Elizabeth Eidenbenz i Maria García 95 Joaquim Amat-Piniella 96 José i Carmen Ruiz Santaella i Ruth Arndt 97 Creu Roja Internacional, l’American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee de la mà del Dr. Samuel Sequerra, entre altres associacions i persones anònimes, Paul Buchinger i Charles David 98 Ángel Sanz Briz i Jaime Vándor 99 Arístides de Sousa Mendes 100 Raoul Wallenberg i Abe Meth 101 Ramon Estévez i Abraham Bendayem 102 QD Quaderns Didàctics Memorial Democràtic MD 6 PRESENTACIÓ QD MD Quaderns Didàctics Memorial Democràtic 7 Amb motiu de la commemoració del Dia Internacional en Memòria de les Víctimes de l’Holocaust i la prevenció dels crims contra la humanitat, el dia 27 de gener de 2013, s’ha fet memòria de les víctimes tres dies abans, en un acte protagonitzat per estudiants de secundària de diversos instituts de Cata- lunya. Aquest acte, alhora commemoratiu i de sensibilització de la comunitat educativa, s’ha realitzat a la Facultat de Comunicació Blanquerna, de la Universitat Ramon Llull, i ha tingut com a centre l’ho- menatge a totes aquelles persones que, posant en perill la pròpia vida, van ajudar a salvar-ne d’altres. Aquest acte ha estat coorganitzat pel Departament d’Ensenyament, el Memorial Democràtic de la Generalitat de Catalunya i el Grup de Treball Exili, Deportació i Holocaust, impulsat per aquestes dues institucions públiques. Aquest Grup de Treball especialitzat està format per docents de secundària i investigadors de diver- ses universitats catalanes; té com objectius prioritaris desenvolupar materials i eines didàctiques per a difondre el coneixement d’aquestes memòries i, també, l’educació en valors per tal de promoure la prevenció dels riscs que generen l’odi, el fanatisme, el racisme i els prejudicis individuals i col·lectius. Recordant les paraules d’Elie Wiesel, escriptor jueu de Romania, supervivent d’Auschwitz i premi Nobel de la Pau (1986), «sense memòria, l’ésser humà entra en una soledat de silenci i indiferència. Qui no recorda, perd la seva humanitat». Entre aquests objectius, es destaca donar a conèixer l’exili, la deportació i l’Holocaust més propers de la nostra història i comprendre com s’han conformat a Europa aquestes memòries creuades entre salvadors i salvats. Per aquest motiu, el conferenciant central de l’acte, el Sr. Serge Barba —nascut a la Maternitat d’Elna (espai de frontera i exili al sud de França), fill de republicans espanyols i membre d’associacions com Fills i filles de republicans espanyols i infants de l’exili (FFREEE) i de Descendents i Amics de la Maternitat d’Elna (DAME)—, ha estat un referent extraordinari que ens ha endinsat en el periple que van fer milers de persones i famílies fugint de la Guerra Civil, amb la qual cosa es recons- trueix, així, l’encreuament de memòries, en aquest cas convergint des de banda i banda dels Pirineus. El text de la conferència que reproduïm a continuació és d’un gran valor vital i memorial. Us convidem a llegir-la amb tot detall. Durant l’acte s’han llegit uns textos preparats per professors i alumnes, escrits en primera persona per tal de facilitar un apropament a experiències diverses i, d’alguna forma, interconnectades en l’espai i en el temps. El testimoni que recull cada lectura descriu cadascuna de les accions dutes a terme per les persones i en destaca la fraternitat vers persones properes i desconegudes en situacions límit, així com el coratge per defensar uns principis ètics i uns valors humans que podem considerar com essencials. Podeu trobar aquestes lectures a continuació. Com deia Martin Luther King, «mai no tinguis por de fer el correcte, especialment si el benestar d’una persona està en joc. Els càstigs de la societat són petits comparats amb les ferides que ens fem a la nostra ànima quan mirem cap a una altra banda». Aquest text ens permet aproximar-nos al tema focal d’aquest any adoptat per l’ONU: el salvament de vides i el coratge de protegir, incloent-hi els Justos i tots aquells que, arriscant la pròpia vida, van decidir ajudar persones que estaven en perill. QD Quaderns Didàctics Memorial Democràtic MD 8 Un altre gran defensor dels valors humans universals, Nelson Mandela, deia: «Vaig aprendre que el co- ratge no és l’absència de la por sinó el triomf sobre ella. L’home valent no és aquell que no té por sinó el que la conquereix .» Tot considerant les aportacions dels conferenciants, dels alumnes i professors, del Grup i d’aquests grans referents de la humanitat que hem esmentat, posem de manifest la tasca i la dinàmica pedagògi- ca del procés coparticipat que culmina amb aquest acte que ens aplega any rere any. De forma complementària, i incorporant les facilitats tecnològiques, l’acte es va transmetre per vídeo streaming per poder accedir al màxim nombre d’estudiants, per tal de sensibilitzar els nostres joves i estimular l’educació en valors, el respecte cap a l’altre, la comprensió i la solidaritat.
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