DOCSLIB.ORG

Chollas Paleta Temporal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Temporal Assessment of Chemistry, Toxicity and Benthic Communities in Sediments at the Mouths of Chollas Creek and Paleta Creek, San Diego Bay Jeffrey Brown Steven Bay Technical Report 668 - November 2011 Temporal Assessment of Chemistry, Toxicity and Benthic Communities in Sediments at the Mouths of Chollas Creek and Paleta Creek, San Diego Bay Jeffrey Brown and Steven Bay Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 Review Draft January 2005 Final Report November 2011 Technical Report 668 ABSTRACT This report describes the temporal variability of sediment conditions near the mouths of Chollas and Paleta Creeks, where they enter San Diego Bay, and also at reference stations. This investigation is an extension of the spatially-intensive study that was conducted at these sites in July and August 2001. Sediment samples were collected from two reference stations (CP2243 and CP2433), two Chollas Creek stations (C10 and C14), and two Paleta Creek stations (P11 and P17) over four additional sampling events between November 2001 and October 2002. The samples were analyzed for sediment chemistry (metals, PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes), benthic community parameters (e.g., abundance, taxa, diversity, embayment Benthic Response Index) and toxicity measurements (amphipod survival test with whole sediments, sea urchin embryo development test with sediment-water interface, and sea urchin fertilization test with pore water). A 95% prediction limit based on a pool of stations representing ambient conditions in San Diego Bay (Baseline pool) was used to help evaluate impact. The prediction limit for metals data was based on a regression with sediment grain size (% fines). This study found that most sediment parameters were consistent over the five sampling periods at most stations. Much of the high variability that was observed was associated with 4,4’-DDT and chlordane measurements. There were a few instances where concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, PAHs, and PCBs had high variability. The variability was not consistently associated with any particular station or sampling event. The differences also did not appear to be related to season or rainfall. Some indicators were found to be consistently above or below the 95% prediction limit for all five sampling events. Total PCBs, PAHs and total chlordanes were consistently above the prediction limit at all Chollas and Paleta Creek stations, while Cu and Zn were consistently above or below the prediction limit on a station-by-station basis. The fact that most metals were not consistently above or below the prediction limit appears to be more a result of where the prediction limit was in relation to the range of measured values, rather than the amount of variability in the measurements. A weight of evidence approach was used to classify the potential for impairment at the stations. Consistent classifications over the time period were found at both reference sites and the two stations closest to the creek inlets (C14 and P17). Greater variability in the impairment classification was found at the other two stations; the classification for these stations varied from unlikely to likely impaired over time as a result of variations in the measures of biological impact (toxicity or benthic community composition). i TABLE OF CONTENTS page Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Methods............................................................................................................................... 2 Study Design ................................................................................................................... 2 Field Methods ................................................................................................................. 2 Chemical Analysis .......................................................................................................... 4 Toxicity Testing .............................................................................................................. 6 Benthic Community Analysis ......................................................................................... 7 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 8 Results ............................................................................................................................... 11 Chemistry ...................................................................................................................... 11 Toxicity ......................................................................................................................... 17 Benthic Community Analysis ....................................................................................... 22 Lines of Evidence ......................................................................................................... 25 Weight of Evidence ...................................................................................................... 27 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 29 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................. 32 Appendix A. Sampling location coordinates ................................................................. A-1 Appendix B Using Percent Fines to Determine Trace Metal Enrichment .................... B-1 Appendix C Ammonia influence in the sediment-water interface test .......................... C-1 Appendix D. Sediment fines and metal concentrations ................................................. D-1 Appendix E. Sediment organic contaminant concentrations .......................................... E-1 Appendix F. Amphipod survival in quarterly bulk sediment samples ............................ F-1 Appendix G. Sea urchin fertilization in pore water samples ......................................... G-1 Appendix H. Sea urchin development in sediment-water interface test ........................ H-1 Appendix I. Benthic species abundance .......................................................................... I-1 ii LIST OF TABLES page Table 1. ERM, PEL, and Consensus values used to evaluate sediments ......................... 34 Table 2. Data Quality Objectives and Criteria for metal analyses ................................... 35 Table 3. Data Quality Objectives and Criteria for organic constituents .......................... 36 Table 4. Summary of toxicity test data quality objectives ............................................... 37 Table 5. Average concentrations and variability of metals and % fines in sediments ..... 38 Table 6. Concentration of organic contaminants, and the SQGQ1 in sediments ............ 39 Table 7. 95% prediction limits from the Baseline Pool ................................................... 40 Table 8. Toxicity of whole sediment, sediment-water interface, and porewater ............. 41 Table 9. Concentrations of unionized ammonia (mg/L) in sediment samples ................ 43 Table 10. Benthic community measures and indicator species ....................................... 47 Table 11. Results of weight of evidence determination of aquatic life impairment ........ 49 Table 12. Key to determining site-specific impairment ................................................... 50 iii LIST OF FIGURES page Figure 1. Collection sites for the quarterly sampling events ........................................... 51 Figure 2. Rainfall amounts and seasonal totals during the quarterly sampling events .... 52 Figure 3. Concentrations of cadmium in quarterly sediment samples ............................. 53 Figure 4. Concentrations of chromium in the quarterly sediment samples ..................... 54 Figure 5. Concentrations of copper in the quarterly sediment samples ........................... 55 Figure 6. Concentrations of lead in the quarterly sediment samples ............................... 56 Figure 7. Concentrations of nickel in the quarterly sediment samples ............................ 57 Figure 8. Concentrations of zinc in the quarterly sediment samples ............................... 58 Figure 9. Concentrations of priority pollutant PAHs in the quarterly samples ............... 59 Figure 10. Concentrations of total PCBs in the quarterly sediment samples ................... 60 Figure 11. Concentrations of 4,4’-DDT and 4,4’-DDE in the quarterly samples ............ 61 Figure 12. Concentrations of total chlordanes in the quarterly sediment samples .......... 62 Figure 13. Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient (SQGQ1) in quarterly samples .......... 63 Figure 14. Amphipod survival in quarterly bulk sediment samples ................................ 64 Figure 15. Sea urchin development in quarterly sediment-water interface samples ....... 65 Figure 16. Sea urchin fertilization in quarterly pore water samples ...............................
Recommended publications
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been

    INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been

    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M'ProCms International A Ben & Howe'' Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 40106-1346 USA 3-3 761-4 700 800 501 0600 Order Numb e r 9022566 S o m e aspects of the functional morphology of the shell of infaunal bivalves (Mollusca) Watters, George Thomas, Ph.D.
  • The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful.
  • The Malacostracan Fauna of Two Arctic Fjords (West Spitsbergen): the Diversity And

    The Malacostracan Fauna of Two Arctic Fjords (West Spitsbergen): the Diversity And

    + Models OCEANO-95; No. of Pages 24 Oceanologia (2017) xxx, xxx—xxx Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect j ournal homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/oceanologia/ ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE The malacostracan fauna of two Arctic fjords (west Spitsbergen): the diversity and distribution patterns of its pelagic and benthic components Joanna Legeżyńska *, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Marta Gluchowska, Mateusz Ormańczyk, Monika Kędra, Jan Marcin Węsławski Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland Received 14 July 2016; accepted 6 January 2017 KEYWORDS Summary This study examines the performance of pelagic and benthic Malacostraca in two Malacostraca; glacial fjords of west Spitsbergen: Kongsfjorden, strongly influenced by warm Atlantic waters, Arctic; and Hornsund which, because of the strong impact of the cold Sørkapp Current, has more of Svalbard; an Arctic character. The material was collected during 12 summer expeditions organized from Diversity; 1997 to 2013. In all, 24 pelagic and 116 benthic taxa were recorded, most of them widely Distribution distributed Arctic-boreal species. The advection of different water masses from the shelf had a direct impact on the structure of the pelagic Malacostraca communities, resulting in the clear dominance of the sub-arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto abyssorum in Kongsfjorden and the great abundance of Decapoda larvae in Hornsund. The taxonomic, functional and size compositions of the benthic malacostracan assemblages varied between the two fjords, and also between the glacier-proximate inner bays and the main fjord basins, as a result of the varying dominance patterns of the same assemblage of species. There was a significant drop in species richness in the strongly disturbed glacial bays of both fjords, but only in Hornsund was this accompanied by a significant decrease in density and diversity, probably due to greater isolation and poorer quality of sediment organic matter in its innermost basin.
  • The Hawaiian Species of Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda)1

    The Hawaiian Species of Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda)1

    The Hawaiian Species of Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 1 ALAN J. KOHN2 IN THECOURSE OF a comparative ecological currents are factors which could plausibly study of gastropod mollus ks of the genus effect the isolation necessary for geographic Conus in Hawaii (Ko hn, 1959), some 2,400 speciation . specimens of 25 species were examined. Un­ Of the 33 species of Conus considered in certainty ofthe correct names to be applied to this paper to be valid constituents of the some of these species prompted the taxo­ Hawaiian fauna, about 20 occur in shallow nomic study reported here. Many workers water on marine benches and coral reefs and have contributed to the systematics of the in bays. Of these, only one species, C. ab­ genus Conus; nevertheless, both nomencla­ breviatusReeve, is considered to be endemic to torial and biological questions have persisted the Hawaiian archipelago . Less is known of concerning the correct names of a number of the species more characteristic of deeper water species that occur in the Hawaiian archi­ habitats. Some, known at present only from pelago, here considered to extend from Kure dredging? about the Hawaiian Islands, may (Ocean) Island (28.25° N. , 178.26° W.) to the in the future prove to occur elsewhere as island of Hawaii (20.00° N. , 155.30° W.). well, when adequate sampling methods are extended to other parts of the Indo-West FAUNAL AFFINITY Pacific region. As is characteristic of the marine fauna of ECOLOGY the Hawaiian Islands, the affinities of Conus are with the Indo-Pacific center of distribu­ Since the ecology of Conus has been dis­ tion .
  • Scacchi, Species Solecurtidae

    Scacchi, Species Solecurtidae

    BASTERIA, 58: 35-40, 1994 Solecurtus multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835), a good marine bivalve species from the Mediterranean Sea (Bivalvia, Heterodonta: Solecurtidae) Paolo Mariottini 1 Istituto di Scienze Biochimiche, Universita di Parma, 1-43100 Parma, Italy Carlo Smriglio Via di Valle Aurelia 134, 1-00167 Rome, Italy & Cesare Ciommei Via Montebruno 12, 1-00168 Rome, Italy Solecurtus multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835) from the Mediterranean Sea is here reported as a bona fide species; the authors give additional data about its morphology, ecology and distribution. Key words: Bivalvia, Solecurtidae, Solecurtus, morphology, distribution, Mediterranean Sea, Italy. INTRODUCTION In the Mediterranean Sea the genus Solecurtus Blainville, 1824, is represented by three species: S. scopula (Turton, 1822), S. strigilatus (Linne, 1758) and S. multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835). The last taxon was based by Scacchi (1835) (and not Scacchi, 1834, according to Cretella et ah, 1992) on a fossil specimen collected near Gravina, Puglia (Italy). Here the original description is given: "Testa ovali-oblonga, subaequilatera, antice oblique striata, striis approximatis angulo acuto in/lexis. Lata lin. 8, alta lin. 3". In the description 'lin.' (which stands for linea) is a standard size unit. The one adopted by the authors of that time corresponded to 2.25 mm; but, in this case, it is also possible that 'linea' represents a local Sicilian size unit (1.8 mm) as reported by Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (1986). The author clearly stated that this species differs from the fossil and Recent specimens of "Solene bianco del Renieri" candidus of S. and of [S. (Renier, 1804), synonym scopula] "Solene strigilato" (S. strigilatus) . Nowadays the status of S.
  • Siliqua Patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Flat Razor Clam Family: Pharidae

    Siliqua Patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Flat Razor Clam Family: Pharidae

    Phylum: Mollusca Siliqua patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida The flat razor clam Family: Pharidae Taxonomy: The familial designation of this (see Plate 397G, Coan and Valentich-Scott species has changed frequently over time. 2007). Previously in the Solenidae, current intertidal Body: (see Plate 29 Ricketts and Calvin guides include S. patula in the Pharidae (e.g., 1952; Fig 259 Kozloff 1993). Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). The superfamily Solenacea includes infaunal soft Color: bottom dwelling bivalves and contains the two Interior: (see Fig 5, Pohlo 1963). families: Solenidae and Pharidae (= Exterior: Cultellidae, von Cosel 1993) (Remacha- Byssus: Trivino and Anadon 2006). In 1788, Dixon Gills: described S. patula from specimens collected Shell: The shell in S. patula is thin and with in Alaska (see Range) and Conrad described sharp (i.e., razor-like) edges and a thin profile the same species, under the name Solen (Fig. 4). Thin, long, fragile shell (Ricketts and nuttallii from specimens collected in the Calvin 1952), with gapes at both ends Columbia River in 1838 (Weymouth et al. (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). Shell smooth 1926). These names were later inside and out (Dixon 1789), elongate, rather synonymized, thus known synonyms for cylindrical and the length is about 2.5 times Siliqua patula include Solen nuttallii, the width. Solecurtus nuttallii. Occasionally, researchers Interior: Prominent internal vertical also indicate a subspecific epithet (e.g., rib extending from beak to margin (Haderlie Siliqua siliqua patula) or variations (e.g., and Abbott 1980). Siliqua patula var. nuttallii, based on rib Exterior: Both valves are similar and morphology, see Possible gape at both ends.
  • Nmr General (NODE87)

    Nmr General (NODE87)

    SOLECURTIDAE Azorinus abbreviatus (Gould, 1861) NMR993000176779 Japan, Aichi-ken, Mikawa 1979-05-00 ex coll. K.P. Hoogerwerf C3001 2 ex. Azorinus chamasolen miocaenicus (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1909) NMR993000005184 Belgium, Limburg, Beeringen at 134-144 m ex coll. Rijks Geologische Dienst 1 ex. FOSSIL NMR993000005185 Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dingden, Königsmühle ex coll. A.W. Janssen 20 ex. FOSSIL NMR993000005186 Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dingden, Königsmühle ex coll. A.W. Janssen 2 ex. FOSSIL Azorinus chamasolen (da Costa, 1778) NMR993000016568 Croatia, Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija, Pelješac 1981-07-00 ex coll. W.J.H. Onverwagt 09A/3084 1 ex. NMR993000047758 France, Occitanie, Gard, Le Grau-du-Roi, near Port de Camargue 1995-04-22 ex coll. F.J.A. Slieker 00009842 1 ex. NMR993000174990 France, Occitanie, Hérault, 18 km off Sèteat 80 m depth 1980-04-11 ex coll. J. Trausel 18234 2 ex. NMR993000003599 France, Occitanie, Hérault, Golfe d'Aigues Mortes 1958-04-00 ex coll. N.P.W. Balke 1 ex. NMR993000015426 France, Occitanie, Pyrénées-Orientales, Banyuls-sur-Merat 12 m depth 1977-07-10 2 ex. NMR993000037426 France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, Baie de Villefranche at 60 m depth 1920-00-00 ex coll. J. Trausel 6380 2 ex. NMR993000045586 France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, in front of Cap Ferrat at 100-110 m 1981-10-21 ex coll. F.J.A. Slieker 00009530 6 ex. NMR993000021348 Italy, Liguria, Savona, Laiguegliaat 15-20 m depth 1980-06-22 ex coll. A.J. Karels 1976 2 ex. NMR993000037427 Italy, Liguria, Savona, Laigueglia at 15 m depth 1980-06-00 ex coll.
  • Deep-Sea Life Issue 14, January 2020 Cruise News E/V Nautilus Telepresence Exploration of the U.S

    Deep-Sea Life Issue 14, January 2020 Cruise News E/V Nautilus Telepresence Exploration of the U.S

    Deep-Sea Life Issue 14, January 2020 Welcome to the 14th edition of Deep-Sea Life (a little later than anticipated… such is life). As always there is bound to be something in here for everyone. Illustrated by stunning photography throughout, learn about the deep-water canyons of Lebanon, remote Pacific Island seamounts, deep coral habitats of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Southeast USA and the North Atlantic (with good, bad and ugly news), first trials of BioCam 3D imaging technology (very clever stuff), new deep pelagic and benthic discoveries from the Bahamas, high-risk explorations under ice in the Arctic (with a spot of astrobiology thrown in), deep-sea fauna sensitivity assessments happening in the UK and a new photo ID guide for mesopelagic fish. Read about new projects to study unexplored areas of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Azores Plateau, plans to develop a water-column exploration programme, and assessment of effects of ice shelf collapse on faunal assemblages in the Antarctic. You may also be interested in ongoing projects to address and respond to governance issues and marine conservation. It’s all here folks! There are also reports from past meetings and workshops related to deep seabed mining, deep-water corals, deep-water sharks and rays and information about upcoming events in 2020. Glance over the many interesting new papers for 2019 you may have missed, the scientist profiles, job and publishing opportunities and the wanted section – please help your colleagues if you can. There are brief updates from the Deep- Ocean Stewardship Initiative and for the deep-sea ecologists amongst you, do browse the Deep-Sea Biology Society president’s letter.
  • Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs

    Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs

    Cell and Tissue Research (2019) 377:475–503 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9 REVIEW Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2 Received: 21 February 2019 /Accepted: 26 July 2019 /Published online: 2 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and more diversified among metazoan phyla, comprising many thousand species living in ocean, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Mollusc-feeding biology is highly diverse, including omnivorous grazers, herbivores, carnivorous scavengers and predators, and even some parasitic species. Consequently, their digestive system presents many adaptive variations. The digestive tract starting in the mouth consists of the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and intestine ending in the anus. Several types of glands are associated, namely, oral and salivary glands, oesophageal glands, digestive gland and, in some cases, anal glands. The digestive gland is the largest and more important for digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestive system of each of the eight extant molluscan classes is reviewed, highlighting the most recent data available on histological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of tissues and cells involved in nutrient absorption, intracellular and extracellular digestion, with emphasis on glandular tissues. Keywords Digestive tract . Digestive gland . Salivary glands . Mollusca . Ultrastructure Introduction and visceral mass. The visceral mass is dorsally covered by the mantle tissues that frequently extend outwards to create a The phylum Mollusca is considered the second largest among flap around the body forming a space in between known as metazoans, surpassed only by the arthropods in a number of pallial or mantle cavity.
  • Phylum Mollusca <<Activity>> <<Activity>>

    Phylum Mollusca <<Activity>> <<Activity>>

    Phylum Mollusca 1. Snail Movement Marine snails such as Littorina littorea, L. obtusata, and L. saxatilus can be collected in the rocky intertidal year round. Refer to the photographs of the three species of Littorina in the MITZI Image Library. L. saxatilus lives in the upper rocky intertidal in rock crevices and may also be found in upper tide pools. L. obtusata is common on the surface of or underneath brown algae (Ascophyllum or Fucus )in the brown algal zone while the periwinkle Littorina littorea is abundant in the mid to lower rocky intertidal as well as in upper to mid tide level tidal pools. <<Activity>> Waves of muscular contractions on the bottom of the foot move most marine gastropods snails. Place a marine snail (Littorina littorea, L. obtusata, L. saxatilus) in a glass dish filled with seawater. Allow time for the foot to attach to the bottom of the dish, and then pour out the water, invert the dish and examine under a dissecting microscope. The waves of muscle contraction should be obvious. On the basis of your observations describe in depth how the animal moves in a forward direction. Freshwater snails can be substituted for marine forms. 2. Snail Feeding-Radula Tracks As snails move forward the radula is extended from the mouth and rocked back and forth over the substratum. The radula teeth scrape the surface directing food into the mouth. The scrape marks can be observed as snails move across a glass plate coated with India ink or a suitable substitute. Freshwater snails can be substituted for marine snails.
  • (Gastropods and Bivalves) and Notes on Environmental Conditions of Two

    (Gastropods and Bivalves) and Notes on Environmental Conditions of Two

    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (5): 72-90 ISSN 2320-7078 The molluscan fauna (gastropods and bivalves) JEZS 2014; 2 (5): 72-90 © 2014 JEZS and notes on environmental conditions of two Received: 24-08-2014 Accepted: 19-09-2014 adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, Rafael M. Picardal Palawan, Philippines College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University Rafael M. Picardal and Roger G. Dolorosa Roger G. Dolorosa Abstract College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines With the rising pressure of urbanization to biodiversity, this study aimed to obtain baseline information University on species richness of gastropods and bivalves in two protected bays (Turtle and Binunsalian) in Puerto Princesa City, Philippines before the establishment of the proposed mega resort facilities. A total of 108 species were recorded, (19 bivalves and 89 gastropods). The list includes two rare miters, seven recently described species and first record of Timoclea imbricata (Veneridae) in Palawan. Threatened species were not encountered during the survey suggesting that both bays had been overfished. Turtle Bay had very low visibility, low coral cover, substantial signs of ecosystem disturbances and shift from coral to algal communities. Although Binunsalian Bay had clearer waters and relatively high coral cover, associated fish and macrobenthic invertebrates were of low or no commercial values. Upon the establishment and operations of the resort facilities, follow-up species inventories and habitat assessment are suggested to evaluate the importance of private resorts in biodiversity restoration. Keywords: Binunsalian Bay, bivalves, gastropods, Palawan, species inventory, Turtle Bay 1. Introduction Gastropods and bivalves are among the most fascinating groups of molluscs that for centuries have attracted hobbyists, businessmen, ecologists and scientists among others from around the globe.
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    a Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 121 1967 Number 3579 VALID ZOOLOGICAL NAMES OF THE PORTLAND CATALOGUE By Harald a. Rehder Research Curator, Division of Mollusks Introduction An outstanding patroness of the arts and sciences in eighteenth- century England was Lady Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, wife of William, Second Duke of Portland. At Bulstrode in Buckinghamshire, magnificent summer residence of the Dukes of Portland, and in her London house in Whitehall, Lady Margaret— widow for the last 23 years of her life— entertained gentlemen in- terested in her extensive collection of natural history and objets d'art. Among these visitors were Sir Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, pupil of Linnaeus. As her own particular interest was in conchology, she received from both of these men many specimens of shells gathered on Captain Cook's voyages. Apparently Solander spent considerable time working on the conchological collection, for his manuscript on descriptions of new shells was based largely on the "Portland Museum." When Lady Margaret died in 1785, her "Museum" was sold at auction. The task of preparing the collection for sale and compiling the sales catalogue fell to the Reverend John Lightfoot (1735-1788). For many years librarian and chaplain to the Duchess and scientif- 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 121 ically inclined with a special leaning toward botany and conchology, he was well acquainted with the collection. It is not surprising he went to considerable trouble to give names and figure references to so many of the mollusks and other invertebrates that he listed.