DOCSLIB.ORG

Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda B2016-14-Kronenberg:Basteria-2015 9/7/2016 10:21 PM Page 82 Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. 5 1. A third putative hybrid in Euprotomus (Gastropoda , Caenogastropoda) with some additional remarks on hybridization in Euprotomus Gijs C. Kronenberg Associate, Naturalis Biodiversity Center , P.O. Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] E. chrysostomus Kuroda, 1942 , by Liverani (2002). The A putative hybrid Euprotomus aratrum (Röding, 1798) third combination, E. bulla x E. aratrum has been listed 82 x E. bulla (Röding, 1798) is reported upon. It is com - by Kronenberg (2008b: Table 1) as a unique record. pared with the two supposed parental species. Some This listing was based on a photograph made avail - additional remarks on putative Euprotomus hybrids able by Jean-Pierre Barbier (Cebu, Philippines ) of a are made . specimen collected at North Palawan (Coron Island), but that specimen was not discussed in detail. Kronen - Key words: Euprotomus aratrum , Euprotomus bulla , hybridization, berg (2008b) however , overlooked the specimen illus - Indo-Pacific . trated that same year in Kronenberg (2008a: pl. 230 fig. 6a, b); after re-examination of the image it turned out 1 For no. 4 in this series see: Kronenberg, G.C. & Harzhauser, M., that this specimen also appears to be a hybrid of 2012. Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a E. aratrum x E. bulla. A putative case of hybridization new Middle Miocene European strombid genus. – Paläontologis - involving a species of Euprotomus reported by Thach che Zeitschrift 86 (2): 147-159. (2007) has been dismissed by Kronenberg (2008b), who, based on the illustration of the specimen (Thach, 2007: 18, fig. 39), concluded that the specimen was a Introduction malformed E. aratrum (Röding, 1798). In 2012 Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Thach (Nha Trang City, Putative cases of hybridization in Indo-Pacific strom - Vietnam ) made some images available of what at first bids have been documented for a large number of glance seemed to be a specimen of E. aratrum . cases [for a preliminary overview see Kronenberg Dr. Thach however , already noted that there were (2008b) – but since then more cases have been re - some remarkable differences with E. aratrum . And in - ported, for an overview see Liverani (2013: 5) ]. So far, deed, upon closer examination of the images, the spec - three putative combinations of parental species form - imen could not be identified as that species with ing hybrids have been reported within the genus certainty. Provisionally it was identified as E. aratrum Euprotomus Gill, 1870 (Kronenberg, 2008b). Two of x E. bulla . Subsequently , Dr. Thach made the specimen these combinations have been discussed, viz. E. vomer available for examination. The results are presented (Röding, 1798) x E. bulla (Röding, 1798) (erroneously below. I also take the opportunity to illustrate for the described as Strombus hirasei Kuroda, 1942 ) by Kro - first time the specimen mentioned in Table 1 by nenberg (1999; 2002) and Dekkers (2012) , and E. bulla x Kronenberg (2008b) . Basteria 80 (1-3): 82-88 (2016) B2016-14-Kronenberg:Basteria-2015 9/7/2016 10:21 PM Page 83 Descriptive part tural direction. When fully grown , the cavity thus formed is filled with callus and subsequent thin layers Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795 of callus cover the rim of the outer lip , resulting in a Subclass Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960 subangled outer lip with a glaze. Anterior canal rather Order Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 long, curved addorsally, (almost) perpendicular to the Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815 shell axis. Between the thickened outer lip and the pro - Family Strombidae Rafinesque, 1815 jection , a low, very poorly developed secondary notch is present. On the adapertural side of the outer lip, a Euprotomus Gill, 1870 few poorly developed to very faint plicae are present on the adapical part; at the point of attachment to the Euprotomus bulla x Euprotomus aratrum (Figs 1- 10) spire there is a shallow canal. Adapertural side be - Euprotomus bulla (Röding, 1798) – Kronenberg 2008a: pl. 120 figs tween strombid notch and anterior canal with a few 6a-b . poorly developed plicae. Colour pattern very variable Euprotomus bulla x E. aratrum – Kronenberg 2008b: 332 [Table 1]. [see illustrations herein and Kronenberg in Poppe (2008a: pl. 120 fig. 6a-b) and discussion below]. All Diagnosis . ― Adult shell with one digit at the adapi - three specimens share a dark brown callus deposit on cal part of the outer lip, more or less parallel to the the spire, the rim on the outer lip at the digit-like ex - shell’s axis, with columellar and parietal callus well tension, and the part of the outer lip attachment to the developed, slightly thicker at adbasal part of the last spire and near the stromboid notch. whorl, apex and part of the spire covered with a dark Known records. ― So far only three specimens are brown callus deposit. known, viz. (1) Philippines, near Palawan at about 3 m Description. ― Adult shells with characters typi - depth ; (2) Philippines, Olango Island at 10 m; and (3) cal of species attributed to the genus Euprotomus Gill, Vietnam, off Nha Trang, at unknown depth. These 1870, measuring about 62-71 mm in length , with specimens are kept in the collections of , respectively , about eight teleoconch whorls; the number of nuclear Jean-Pierre Barbier (Cebu) and Guido T. Poppe (Cebu) , whorls unknown. The first two to five teleoconch and the author’s private collection (no. 6416). The latter whorls more or less extensively covered by the callus, specimen will be deposited in Naturalis Biodiversity thereby obscuring the sculpture. First teleoconch Center (Leiden) at some point in the future. 83 whorls with fine axial and spiral cords, resulting in a reticulate sculpture. From the third whorl onwards Discussion the axial cords gradually develop into ribs, overlaid by the spiral sculpture. Simultaneously a subsutural All three specimens appear to have a mixture of char - cord develops, broader than the other spiral cords. acters of both E. bulla and E. aratrum , although they On this cord an axially sculpture persists, but in other differ remarkably from one another. A difference spiral cords the axials gradually turn obsolete. From with E. aratrum is the extensive callus deposit, reach - the third or fourth whorl onwards a row of knobs on ing the apex and covering a (large) part of the apex the shoulder develops, gradually increasing in size. and initial post nuclear whorls, which much more re - Last whorl with an extensive callus on the adaper - sembles E. bulla . tural side, slightly thicker at the adbasal side, obscur - The colour of the callus deposits on the ventral ing about 45% of sculpture of the total of the last side of the shells shows a great variability. The speci - whorl. On the last whorl there are about 11 knobs ; on men in the Barbier collection is most reminiscent of E. the ventral side of the shell the knobs are covered by bulla . It is white except for (1) a patch with a light or - the callus, more or less obscuring their presence. ange hue near the adapical part of the columella, and Abapical of this row of knobs spiral cords are present, (2) the spire callus , which is dark brown (Figs 1-4) . with two cords being broader, bearing low knobs. A The specimen in the Poppe collection is intermediate third cord of intermediate broadness may be present in that character (see Kronenberg , 2008 a: pl. 230 fig. (Figs 6 -8), but this third cord can also be absent (Figs 6a) and the specimen in the Kronenberg collection 2-4). Suture of last whorl acutely curved adapically (Fig. 5) is much closer to E. aratrum . Another differ - and crossing the suture of the penultimate whorl. ence with E. aratrum is the much paler colouration of Outer lip not broadly expanded, with a distinct, the extended columellar callus where the outer lip is deep, stromboid notch and a projection at the adapical attached to the columella. This columellar callus is part, slightly diverging from the shell’s axis, reaching whitish in the Kronenberg specimen, contrary to E. beyond the apex. At early adult stage the rim of the aratrum where this patch is always dark, even in the outer lip, abapically of the projection and adapically of palest specimens. The Barbier and Poppe specimens the stromboid notch , is slightly curved into adaper - are less prominently coloured and do not show this Kronenberg, G.C. – A third putative hybrid in Euprotomus B2016-14-Kronenberg:Basteria-2015 9/7/2016 10:21 PM Page 84 character clearly. The colour of the aperture is much Unfortunately, like all other cases of presumed hy - more intense orange as is usually the case in E. ara - bridization in Indo-Pacific Strombidae (Kronenberg, trum , which usually is (much) paler. Only exception - 2008 b), there is no definite proof of it . The animal of a ally the colour of specimens of E. aratrum may reach specimen that was considered to represent a putative the same intensity. Also the sculpture and colour pat - case of hybridization in a specimen of Lambis compa - tern of the dorsal side of the specimen differ slightly rable to specimens figured in De Turck et al. (1999: pl. from that in E. aratrum . 30 fig. 3) and Kronenberg (2008a: pl. 210 figs 1a, 1b) As far as the colour pattern of the shell is con - has become available for examination. Preliminary re - cerned, the pattern of the shell in the collection Kro - sults of the dissection of that specimen showed that its nenberg (Figs. 5- 8) is most reminiscent of E. aratrum , anatomy differs from either of the putative parent with the irregular of light brown speckles and mot - species and, surprisingly, not being intermediate (Si - tling on a cream background.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environment for Development Improving Utilization of the Queen
    Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series December 2020 ◼ EfD DP 20-39 Improving Utilization of the Queen Conch (Aliger Gigas) Resource in the Colombian Caribbean A Bioeconomic Model of Rotational Harvesting Jorge Marco, Diego Valderrama, Mario Rueda, and Maykol R o dr i g ue z - P r i et o Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review. Central America Chile China Research Program in Economics and Research Nucleus on Environmental and Environmental Economics Program in China Environment for Development in Central Natural Resource Economics (NENRE) (EEPC) America Tropical Agricultural Research and Universidad de Concepción Peking University Higher Education Center (CATIE) Colombia Ghana The Research Group on Environmental, Ethiopia The Environment and Natural Resource Natural Resource and Applied Economics Environment and Climate Research Center Research Unit, Institute of Statistical, Social Studies (REES-CEDE), Universidad de los (ECRC), Policy Studies Institute, Addis and Economic Research, University of Andes, Colombia Ababa, Ethiopia Ghana, Accra India Kenya Nigeria Centre for Research on the Economics of School of Economics Resource and Environmental Policy Climate, Food, Energy, and Environment, University of Nairobi Research Centre, University of Nigeria, (CECFEE), at Indian Statistical Institute, Nsukka New Delhi, India South Africa Tanzania Sweden Environmental Economics Policy Research Environment
    [Show full text]
  • References Please Help Making This Preliminary List As Complete As Possible!
    Cypraeidae - important references Please help making this preliminary list as complete as possible! ABBOTT, R.T. (1965) Cypraea arenosa Gray, 1825. Hawaiian Shell News 14(2):8 ABREA, N.S. (1980) Strange goings on among the Cypraea ziczac. Hawaiian Shell News 28 (5):4 ADEGOKE, O.S. (1973) Paleocene mollusks from Ewekoro, southern Nigeria. Malacologia 14:19-27, figs. 1-2, pls. 1-2. ADEGOKE, O.S. (1977) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southeastern Nigeria. Bulletins of American Paleontology 71(295):1-379, figs. 1-6, pls. 1-50. AIKEN, R. P. (2016) Description of two undescribed subspecies and one fossil species of the Genus Cypraeovula Gray, 1824 from South Africa. Beautifulcowries Magazine 8: 14-22 AIKEN, R., JOOSTE, P. & ELS, M. (2010) Cypraeovula capensis - A specie of Diversity and Beauty. Strandloper 287 p. 16 ff AIKEN, R., JOOSTE, P. & ELS, M. (2014) Cypraeovula capensis. A species of diversity and beauty. Beautifulcowries Magazine 5: 38–44 ALLAN, J. (1956) Cowry Shells of World Seas. Georgian House, Melbourne, Australia, 170 p., pls. 1-15. AMANO, K. (1992) Cypraea ohiroi and its associated molluscan species from the Miocene Kadonosawa Formation, northeast Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 19:405-411, figs. 1-2, pl. 57. ANCEY, C.F. (1901) Cypraea citrina Gray. The Nautilus 15(7):83. ANONOMOUS. (1971) Malacological news. La Conchiglia 13(146-147):19-20, 5 unnumbered figs. ANONYMOUS. (1925) Index and errata. The Zoological Journal. 1: [593]-[603] January. ANONYMOUS. (1889) Cypraea venusta Sowb. The Nautilus 3(5):60. ANONYMOUS. (1893) Remarks on a new species of Cypraea.
    [Show full text]
  • Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall
    Auckland Shell Club Auction Lot List - 22 October 2016 Albany Hall. Setup from 9am. Viewing from 10am. Auction starts at 12am Lot Type Reserve 1 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 2 WW Helmet medium size ex Philippines (John Hood Alexander) 3 WW Helmet really large ex Philippines, JHA 4 WW Tridacna (small) embedded in coral ex Tonga 1963 5 WW Lambis truncata sebae ex Tonga 1979 6 WW Charonia tritonis - whopper 45cm. No operc. Tongatapu 1979 7 WW Cowries - tray of 70 lots 8 WW All sorts but lots of Solemyidae 9 WW Bivalves 25 priced lots 10 WW Mixed - 50 lots 11 WW Cowries tray of 119 lots - some duplication but includes some scarcer inc. draconis from the Galapagos, scurra from Somalia, chinensis from the Solomons 12 WW Univalves tray of 50 13 WW Univalves tray of 57 with nice Fasciolaridae 14 WW Murex - (8) Chicoreus palmarosae, Pternotus bednallii, P. Acanthopterus, Ceratostoma falliarum, Siratus superbus, Naquetia annandalei, Murex nutalli and Hamalocantha zamboi 15 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 16 WW Bivalves - tray of 50 17 Book The New Zealand Sea Shore by Morton and Miller - fair condition 18 Book Australian Shells by Wilson and Gillett excellent condition apart from some fading on slipcase 19 Book Shells of the Western Pacific in Colour by Kira (Vol.1) and Habe (Vol 2) - good condition 20 Book 3 on Pectens, Spondylus and Bivalves - 2 ex Conchology Section 21 WW Haliotis vafescous - California 22 WW Haliotis cracherodi & laevigata - California & Aus 23 WW Amustum bellotia & pleuronecles - Queensland 24 WW Haliotis
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of the the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Queen Conch (Aliger Gigas) Fishery in the Bahamas
    Impact of the the COVID-19 pandemic on a queen conch (Aliger gigas) fishery in The Bahamas Nicholas D. Higgs Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, Bahamas ABSTRACT The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas, leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a period of twelve weeks. Weekly landings data showed a surge in fishing during the first three weeks where landings were 3.4 times higher than subsequent weeks. Overall 90% of the catch was below the minimum legal-size threshold and individual yield declined by 22% during the lockdown period. This study highlights the role of small-scale fisheries as a `natural insurance' against socio-economic shocks and a source of resilience for small island communities at times of crisis. It also underscores the risks to food security and long- term sustainability of fishery stocks posed by overexploitation of natural resources. Subjects Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, Conservation Biology, Marine Biology, Coupled Natural and Human Systems, Natural Resource Management Keywords Fisheries, Coronavirus, COVID-19, IUU, SIDS, SDG14, Food security, Caribbean, Resiliance, Small-scale fisheries Submitted 2 December 2020 INTRODUCTION Accepted 16 July 2021 Published 3 August 2021 Subsistence fishing has played an integral role in sustaining island communities for Corresponding author thousands of years, especially small islands with limited terrestrial resources (Keegan et Nicholas D.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    M o Manual on IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULE MOLLUSCS From India RAMAKRISHN~~ AND A. DEY Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkota 700 053 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA KOLKATA CITATION Ramakrishna and Dey, A. 2003. Manual on the Identification of Schedule Molluscs from India: 1-40. (Published : Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published: February, 2003 ISBN: 81-85874-97-2 © Government of India, 2003 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • -This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE India : Rs. 250.00 Foreign : $ (U.S.) 15, £ 10 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJ.C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building (13th Floor), Nizam Palace, Kolkata -700020 and printed at Shiva Offset, Dehra Dun. Manual on IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULE MOLLUSCS From India 2003 1-40 CONTENTS INTRODUcrION .............................................................................................................................. 1 DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................ 2 DIVERSITY ................................................................................................................................ 2 HA.B I,.-s .. .. .. 3 VAWE ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Size at Maturation, Spawning Variability and Fecundity in the Queen Conch, Aliger Gigas
    Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 31 Issue 1 2020 Size at Maturation, Spawning Variability and Fecundity in the Queen Conch, Aliger gigas Richard S. Appeldoorn GCFIMembers, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Population Biology Commons To access the supplemental data associated with this article, CLICK HERE. Recommended Citation Appeldoorn, R. S. 2020. Size at Maturation, Spawning Variability and Fecundity in the Queen Conch, Aliger gigas. Gulf and Caribbean Research 31 (1): GCFI 10-GCFI 19. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol31/iss1/11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.3101.11 This Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Partnership is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME 25 VOLUME GULF AND CARIBBEAN Volume 25 RESEARCH March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS GULF AND CARIBBEAN SAND BOTTOM MICROALGAL PRODUCTION AND BENTHIC NUTRIENT FLUXES ON THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO NEARSHORE SHELF RESEARCH Jeffrey G. Allison, M. E. Wagner, M. McAllister, A. K. J. Ren, and R. A. Snyder....................................................................................1—8 WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT SPECIES RICHNESS AND DISTRIBUTION ON THE OUTER—SHELF SOUTH TEXAS BANKS? Harriet L. Nash, Sharon J. Furiness, and John W. Tunnell, Jr. ......................................................................................................... 9—18 Volume 31 ASSESSMENT OF SEAGRASS FLORAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE FROM TWO CARIBBEAN MARINE PROTECTED 2020 AREAS ISSN: 2572-1410 Paul A.
    [Show full text]
  • CONE SHELLS - CONIDAE MNHN Koumac 2018
    Living Seashells of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Photographic guide with 1500+ species covered Andrey Ryanskiy INTRODUCTION, COPYRIGHT, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Seashell or sea shells are the hard exoskeleton of mollusks such as snails, clams, chitons. For most people, acquaintance with mollusks began with empty shells. These shells often delight the eye with a variety of shapes and colors. Conchology studies the mollusk shells and this science dates back to the 17th century. However, modern science - malacology is the study of mollusks as whole organisms. Today more and more people are interacting with ocean - divers, snorkelers, beach goers - all of them often find in the seas not empty shells, but live mollusks - living shells, whose appearance is significantly different from museum specimens. This book serves as a tool for identifying such animals. The book covers the region from the Red Sea to Hawaii, Marshall Islands and Guam. Inside the book: • Photographs of 1500+ species, including one hundred cowries (Cypraeidae) and more than one hundred twenty allied cowries (Ovulidae) of the region; • Live photo of hundreds of species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books; • Convenient pictorial guide at the beginning and index at the end of the book ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The significant part of photographs in this book were made by Jeanette Johnson and Scott Johnson during the decades of diving and exploring the beautiful reefs of Indo-Pacific from Indonesia and Philippines to Hawaii and Solomons. They provided to readers not only the great photos but also in-depth knowledge of the fascinating world of living seashells. Sincere thanks to Philippe Bouchet, National Museum of Natural History (Paris), for inviting the author to participate in the La Planete Revisitee expedition program and permission to use some of the NMNH photos.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructional Morphology of Cerithiform Gastropods
    Paleontological Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 233–259, September 30, 2006 6 by the Palaeontological Society of Japan Constructional morphology of cerithiform gastropods JENNY SA¨ LGEBACK1 AND ENRICO SAVAZZI2 1Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Norbyva¨gen 22, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden 2Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Present address: The Kyoto University Museum, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (email: [email protected]) Received December 19, 2005; Revised manuscript accepted May 26, 2006 Abstract. Cerithiform gastropods possess high-spired shells with small apertures, anterior canals or si- nuses, and usually one or more spiral rows of tubercles, spines or nodes. This shell morphology occurs mostly within the superfamily Cerithioidea. Several morphologic characters of cerithiform shells are adap- tive within five broad functional areas: (1) defence from shell-peeling predators (external sculpture, pre- adult internal barriers, preadult varices, adult aperture) (2) burrowing and infaunal life (burrowing sculp- tures, bent and elongated inhalant adult siphon, plough-like adult outer lip, flattened dorsal region of last whorl), (3) clamping of the aperture onto a solid substrate (broad tangential adult aperture), (4) stabilisa- tion of the shell when epifaunal (broad adult outer lip and at least three types of swellings located on the left ventrolateral side of the last whorl in the adult stage), and (5) righting after accidental overturning (pro- jecting dorsal tubercles or varix on the last or penultimate whorl, in one instance accompanied by hollow ventral tubercles that are removed by abrasion against the substrate in the adult stage). Most of these char- acters are made feasible by determinate growth and a countdown ontogenetic programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs
    Cell and Tissue Research (2019) 377:475–503 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9 REVIEW Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2 Received: 21 February 2019 /Accepted: 26 July 2019 /Published online: 2 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and more diversified among metazoan phyla, comprising many thousand species living in ocean, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Mollusc-feeding biology is highly diverse, including omnivorous grazers, herbivores, carnivorous scavengers and predators, and even some parasitic species. Consequently, their digestive system presents many adaptive variations. The digestive tract starting in the mouth consists of the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and intestine ending in the anus. Several types of glands are associated, namely, oral and salivary glands, oesophageal glands, digestive gland and, in some cases, anal glands. The digestive gland is the largest and more important for digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestive system of each of the eight extant molluscan classes is reviewed, highlighting the most recent data available on histological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of tissues and cells involved in nutrient absorption, intracellular and extracellular digestion, with emphasis on glandular tissues. Keywords Digestive tract . Digestive gland . Salivary glands . Mollusca . Ultrastructure Introduction and visceral mass. The visceral mass is dorsally covered by the mantle tissues that frequently extend outwards to create a The phylum Mollusca is considered the second largest among flap around the body forming a space in between known as metazoans, surpassed only by the arthropods in a number of pallial or mantle cavity.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 01, pp.45366-45369, January, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE A STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF MOLLUSCS IN NEIL ISLANDS *,1Priyankadevi, 2Revathi, K., 3Senthil Kumari, S., 3Subashini, A. and 4Raghunathan, C. 1Guru Nanak College, Chennai 2Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai 3Chellammal Women’s College, Chennai 4Zoological Survey of India, A&NRC, Port Blair ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The Andaman sea Eco region is biologically rich in both diversity and abundance. The high diversity is encountered from genus to individual species, habitat and ecosystems. The coral reefs, mangroves, sea grass beds, Received 29th October, 2016 marine lakes and deep sea valleys of the region form a constellation of diverse habitat that support a spectacular Received in revised form variety of fauna. Molluscsare highly successful invertebrates in terms of ecology and adaptation and are found 28th November, 2016 nearly in all habitats ranging from deepest ocean trenches to the intertidal zones, and freshwater to land occupying Accepted 07th December, 2016 a wide range of habitats. Much of the molluscan diversity occurs in the tropical world. Despite this great diversity, Published online 31st January, 2017 very few studies on molluscs have been carried out in the tropical world. An attempt was made to study the diversity and distribution of molluscs along the intertidal regions of Neil islands. During the survey three different Key words: beaches of Neil Island were selected, named, Sitapurbeach, Laxmanpur beach and Bharatpur beach. The study area is located 37 kms to lies in the northern part of south of the Andaman Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Lobatus Gigas (Queen Conch)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Lobatus gigas (Queen Conch) Superfamily: Stromboidea (Conchs) Class: Gastropoda (Snails and Slugs) Phylum: Mollusca (Molluscs) Fig. 1. Queen conch, Lobatus gigas. [http://www.arkive.org/queen-conch/strombus-gigas/image-G115438.html, downloaded 29 March 2015] TRAITS. Lobatus gigas, formerly known as Strombus gigas, is a large marine soft-bodied gastropod mollusc with a hard calcareous external spiral-shaped shell with a glossy finish of pale shades of pink and orange on the interior (Fig. 1). Adults can reach a maximum length of 30cm and weigh up to 3.3 kg. This species is gonochoristic, with separate males and females. Soft bodied features include snout-like proboscis; black-speckled foot; two eyestalks topped with distinctive, yellow eyes and a pair of tentacles (Randall, 1964). DISTRIBUTION. Lobatus gigas is found in the tropical western Atlantic from Florida to Brazil (Martin, 1995) (Fig. 2). The species is present throughout the Caribbean. Percharde (1968) noted that Lobatus gigas were commonly seen along the northwest coast of Trinidad and around the Bocas Islands, and were also found in most bays in Tobago. HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. Found in marine habitats such as coral reef and rocky shore environments (Fig. 3), seagrass beds and alternating sand flats (Fig. 4) (Randall 1964, 255). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Ranging from as deep as 60m to along the shore during low tide but generally found between 5- 20m (Sterrer, 1986). The limitation in depth is based on that of their plant food.
    [Show full text]
  • (Gastropods and Bivalves) and Notes on Environmental Conditions of Two
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (5): 72-90 ISSN 2320-7078 The molluscan fauna (gastropods and bivalves) JEZS 2014; 2 (5): 72-90 © 2014 JEZS and notes on environmental conditions of two Received: 24-08-2014 Accepted: 19-09-2014 adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, Rafael M. Picardal Palawan, Philippines College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University Rafael M. Picardal and Roger G. Dolorosa Roger G. Dolorosa Abstract College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines With the rising pressure of urbanization to biodiversity, this study aimed to obtain baseline information University on species richness of gastropods and bivalves in two protected bays (Turtle and Binunsalian) in Puerto Princesa City, Philippines before the establishment of the proposed mega resort facilities. A total of 108 species were recorded, (19 bivalves and 89 gastropods). The list includes two rare miters, seven recently described species and first record of Timoclea imbricata (Veneridae) in Palawan. Threatened species were not encountered during the survey suggesting that both bays had been overfished. Turtle Bay had very low visibility, low coral cover, substantial signs of ecosystem disturbances and shift from coral to algal communities. Although Binunsalian Bay had clearer waters and relatively high coral cover, associated fish and macrobenthic invertebrates were of low or no commercial values. Upon the establishment and operations of the resort facilities, follow-up species inventories and habitat assessment are suggested to evaluate the importance of private resorts in biodiversity restoration. Keywords: Binunsalian Bay, bivalves, gastropods, Palawan, species inventory, Turtle Bay 1. Introduction Gastropods and bivalves are among the most fascinating groups of molluscs that for centuries have attracted hobbyists, businessmen, ecologists and scientists among others from around the globe.
    [Show full text]