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Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Del Cañón De La Peregrina, Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

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Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Del Cañón De La Peregrina, Victoria, Tamaulipas, México GALERUCINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) DEL CAÑÓN DE LA PEREGRINA, VICTORIA, TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO Uriel Jeshua Sánchez-Reyes1, Santiago Niño-Maldonado2, Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano1, Jonathan Edgardo Banda- Hernández1 y Arturo Medina-Puente2. 1Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil No.1301, C.P. 87010. Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. 2Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro Universitario Victoria, C.P. 87149. Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] RESUMEN. El presente estudio se desarrolló en el Cañón de la Peregrina, municipio de Victoria, Tamaulipas. El objetivo fue determinar la fauna de Galerucinae presente en la zona, además de analizar la variación altitudinal y estacional del grupo. Se realizaron 240 muestreos, donde se registraron 1,828 ejemplares distribuidos en 76 especies y 38 géneros. Se encontró que la abundancia disminuye y la diversidad aumenta conforme se incrementa el gradiente elevacional. La mayor riqueza se presentó en el matorral espinoso tamaulipeco. Invierno es la estación con mayor número de ejemplares; primavera registró el mayor número de especies, mientras que la diversidad fue mayor en verano. La escasa similitud existente entre sitios y estaciones sugiere un elevado recambio de especies. Palabras clave: Galerucinae, riqueza de especies, abundancia, diversidad Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Peregrina Canyon, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico ABSTRACT. The present study was conducted in the Peregrina Canyon, municipality of Victoria, Tamaulipas. The objectives were to determine the Galerucinae fauna present in the area, and analyze the altitudinal and seasonal variation of the group. A total of 1,828 specimens were collected. We determined a total of 76 species, distributed in 38 genera. It was found that the abundance decreases and diversity increases, both with increasing altitude. However, the greatest richness comes in the intermediate altitudinal stratum. Winter is the season with the highest number of individuals; spring had the highest number of species, while diversity was higher in summer. The low similarity between sites and seasons suggests a high species turnover. Key words: Galerucinae, species richness, abundance, diversity Introducción Galerucinae comprende la subfamilia con mayor número de especies dentro de la familia Chrysomelidae, con cerca de 15,000 especies descritas a nivel mundial (Riley et al., 2002). La gran mayoría de los individuos en este grupo presentan hábitos fitófagos y por ello son de importancia económica, ya que algunas especies como Diabrotica balteata LeConte, 1865 y Epitrix cucumeris (Harris, 1851) pueden causar daños importantes a cultivos agrícolas. Por otro lado, muchas presentan relevancia ecológica al actuar como consumidores primarios de las redes tróficas, aunque su aporte real aún no se ha estudiado completamente. Son muy escasos los estudios que se han realizado sobre este grupo en México, ya sea riqueza de especies (Furth, 2006; Furth, 2009) o análisis que permitan la identificación correcta de las especies presentes en el país (Scherer, 1983). La mayoría de las revisiones y estudios ecológicos se han realizado en Estados Unidos y Europa (Riley et al., 2002). Aunado a ello, el gran número de especies que existen y las variaciones morfológicas intraespecíficas que llegan a presentar, dificultan en gran medida la determinación correcta de las especies. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo del estudio es contribuir al conocimiento de este grupo en México, mediante un listado faunístico de las especies que se encuentran en el área de estudio. Además, se realizó un análisis ecológico para determinar la variación de la subfamilia en un gradiente elevacional y temporal. 1517 Materiales y Método El estudio se realizó en el Cañón de la Peregrina (23º45’16”N - 99°18’40”W a 23°47’02”N - 99°11’44”W’), municipio de Victoria, Tamaulipas. Para la colecta de ejemplares fueron seleccionados tres sitios con base en el gradiente elevacional y el tipo de vegetación: sitio 1, 350 msnm, selva baja subcaducifolia (SBS); sitio 2, 550 msnm, matorral espinoso tamaulipeco (MAT); sitio 3, 1100 msnm, bosque de encino pino (BEP). En cada sitio se establecieron cinco cuadrantes de 50x50 metros, en donde se realizó el muestreo mediante red entomológica de golpeo, empleando 200 golpes de red por cada cuadrante. Se realizó un total de 20 muestreos por cada sitio y en cada temporada del año (20x3x4), durante el periodo abril 2009 a marzo 2010. Los ejemplares fueron determinados empleando literatura disponible sobre Galerucinae. En lo posible, el material fue comparado con ejemplares depositados en la colección de Chrysomelidae de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. La clasificación supraespecífica empleada corresponde a las categorías taxonómicas más recientes de acuerdo con Riley et al. (2002) y Riley et al. (2003). Como medida de abundancia y riqueza fueron utilizados, respectivamente, el número de individuos y especies registrados en cada sitio, estación y para toda el área de estudio. Como estimadores de riqueza se utilizaron los modelos no paramétricos Chao (1 y 2), Jackknife (1 y 2), ICE y ACE (Magurran, 2004; Hortal et al., 2006; Magurran y McGill, 2010), empleando 100 aleatorizaciones mediante el programa EstimateS 8.2. Además se recurrió al modelo de Clench para conocer la calidad del inventario, mediante el coeficiente de determinación (R2) y a través de la pendiente de la curva de acumulación de especies, empleando el programa STATISTICA 8.0 con base en el método indicado por Jiménez-Valverde y Hortal (2003). Como medidas de diversidad se utilizaron el índice de dominancia de Simpson (D) y el índice de diversidad de Shannon (H´); para medir la similitud entre sitios y estaciones se empleó el índice de Bray-Curtis (índice cuantitativo de Sørensen) (Magurran, 2004); dichos índices fueron calculados mediante los programas EstimateS 8.2 y PAST versión 2.17 b. Resultados y Discusión Durante el periodo abril de 2009 a marzo de 2010 fueron realizados 240 muestreos, obteniéndose 1,828 ejemplares de la subfamilia Galerucinae, distribuidos en 38 géneros y 76 especies (Cuadro 1). De manera general para el Cañón de la Peregrina, siete especies fueron dominantes en abundancia: Centralaphthona fulvipennis Jacoby (412 ejemplares), Centralaphthona diversa (Baly) (248), Margaridisa sp. 1 (219), Acallepitrix sp. 1 (134), Longitarsus sp. 1 (104), Epitrix sp. 1 (84) y Chaetocnema sp. 1 (72). Los estimadores de riqueza indicaron que el número esperado de crisomélidos en el área de estudio se encuentra entre 96 y 109 especies (Cuadro 2); por lo tanto, las especies registradas representan entre el 69.7 y 79.2% de la riqueza estimada. Se obtuvo un buen ajuste de los datos al modelo de Clench (R2=0.99), con una proporción total registrada de especies de 0.82 (82%) y una pendiente de 0.06. La diversidad en el área de estudio fue de 0.099 para el índice de dominancia de Simpson y 2.95 para el índice de diversidad de Shannon (Cuadro 2); ambos valores constituyen un parámetro para la comparación con futuros estudios de este grupo. Por una parte, el índice de dominancia de Simpson establece la probabilidad de que al seleccionar aleatoriamente dos individuos de la comunidad estos sean de la misma especie, y sus escalas van desde cero hasta 1 cuando se tiene la máxima dominancia; por lo tanto, el valor obtenido (0.099) indica una baja dominancia y consecuentemente una elevada diversidad (Magurran, 2004). El índice de Shannon también 1518 indicó una alta diversidad (2.95), ya que los valores de dicho índice se encuentran normalmente entre 1.5 y 3 (Margalef, 1972). Cuadro 1. Inventario de Galerucinae y abundancia (N) por especie en el Cañón de la Peregrina, Victoria, Tamaulipas Tribu Alticini Newman, 1835 N Tribu Alticini (cont.) N Acallepitrix sp. 1 134 Monomacra sp. 1 33 Acallepitrix sp. 2 26 Monomacra sp. 2 6 Acallepitrix sp. 3 25 Monomacra sp. 3 1 Acallepitrix sp. 4 8 Omophoita cyanipennis octomaculata (Crotch, 6 1873) Acallepitrix sp. 5 1 Orthaltica sp. 1 5 Acrocyum dorsalis Jacoby, 1885 1 Orthaltica sp. 2 1 Alagoasa bipunctata (Chevrolat, 1834) 3 Parchicola sp. 1 3 Alagoasa decemguttatus (Fabricius, 1801) 10 Phyllotreta sp. 1 8 Alagoasa sp. 1 5 Plectrotetra sp. 1 18 Asphaera abdominalis (Chevrolat, 1834) 12 Scelidopsis rufofemorata Jacoby, 1888 1 Asphaera sp. 1 14 Sphaeronychus fulvus (Baly, 1879) 5 Asphaera sp. 2 1 Strabala sp. 1 1 Asphaera sp. 3 1 Syphrea sp. 1 22 Asphaera sp. 4 1 Syphrea sp. 2 13 Blepharida rhois (Forster, 1771) 1 Systena contigua Jacoby, 1884 27 Centralaphthona diversa (Baly, 1877) 248 Systena sp. 1 1 Centralaphthona fulvipennis (Jacoby, 1885) 412 Walterianella signata (Jacoby, 1886) 3 Chaetocnema sp. 1 72 Chaetocnema sp. 2 8 Tribu Galerucini Latreille, 1802 Chaetocnema sp. 3 25 Grupo Coelomerites Chapuis, 1875 Derocrepis sp. 1 2 Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906) 5 Derocrepis sp. 2 5 Derospidea cyaneomaculata (Jacoby, 1886) 1 Disonycha antennata Jacoby, 1884 1 Trirhabda sp. 1 1 Disonycha glabrata (Fabricius, 1781) 8 Grupo Schematizites Chapuis, 1875 Disonycha stenosticha Schaeffer, 1931 2 Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886 2 Epitrix sp. 1 84 Epitrix fasciata Blatchley, 1918 7 Tribu Luperini Chapuis, 1875 Epitrix sp. 3 12 Subtribu Diabroticina Chapuis, 1875 Heikertingerella sp. 1 2 Grupo Diabroticites Chapuis, 1875 Heikertingerella sp. 2 4 Acalymma vittatum (Fabricius, 1775) 2 Heikertingerella variabilis (Jacoby, 1885) 7 Diabrotica balteata LeConte, 1865 3 Glenidion sp. 1 2 Diabrotica porracea Harold, 1875 1 Longitarsus sp. 1 104 Diabrotica underwoodi Bowditch, 1911 10 Longitarsus sp. 2 1 Gynandrobrotica lepida (Say, 1835) 40 Longitarsus sp. 3 2 Grupo Cerotomites Chapuis, 1875 Longitarsus sp. 4 1 Cerotoma atrofasciata Jacoby, 1879 1 Longitarsus sp. 5 21 Cerotoma ruficornis (Olivier, 1791) 1 Lupraea sp. 1 32 Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808) 7 Lupraea sp. 2 8 Neobrotica sexmaculata Jacoby, 1887 1 Lupraea sp. 3 24 Neobrotica tampicensis Blake, 1966 2 Lupraea sp.
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